CN102621099A - Micro-nano fiber refractivity sensor and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Micro-nano fiber refractivity sensor and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a micro-nano fiber refractivity sensor and a preparation method thereof. The sensor comprises a broadband light source, a micro-nano fiber ring and a spectrum analyzer, wherein the micro-nano fiber ring comprises a birefringent micro-nano fiber coupling area and a birefringent micro-nano fiber ring. Light emitted by the broadband light source enters the micro-nano fiber ring, the formed light propagated in two opposite directions generates polarized phase difference by the aid of the birefringent micro-nano fiber ring and is combined by the birefringent micro-nano fiber coupling area to form polarized interference light, and finally, the light is detected and outputted by the spectrum analyzer. Two ends of a birefringent micro-nano fiber are mutually crossed or close to each other side by side to form the micro-nano fiber ring. The micro-nano fiber ring comprising the birefringent micro-nano fiber coupling area and the birefringent micro-nano fiber ring which are formed by the birefringent micro-nano fiber is used for sensing, and the micro-nano fiber refractivity sensor is adjustable in structure, high in sensing sensitivity and fine in temperature stability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to optical fibre refractivity Sensor Design field, particularly a kind of micro-nano fiber index sensor and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
The same with electron device, microminiaturized, integrated also is the inexorable trend of photonic device development.It is significant to controlling for making up ultra-compact micro-nano photonic device and highly dense integrated optical circuit of light signal to be implemented in wavelength or sub-wavelength yardstick.Micro-nano fiber is as a kind of typical micro-nano optical waveguide; Has the simple advantage of preparation; And diameter uniformity coefficient and surface flatness that it is good; Can be used for the low-loss optically transmission, and in visible and near-infrared optical transmission, show good characteristics such as strong laser field constraint, evanescent wave transmission and big waveguide dispersion.Just be applied to the research of novel optical fiber sensor at present fast, had vast potential for future development.
The optical fibre refractivity sensor is widely used in fields such as environmental monitoring, food security, pharmaceutical developments, clinical examination because of good characteristics such as its low-loss, resistance to chemical attack, anti-electromagnetic interference (EMI).The high sensitivity optical fiber index sensor has attracted people's research interest; Utilize big evanscent field effect of micro-nano fiber and the characteristic that is easy to be coupled; Many implementation methods have been carried, comprising micro-nano fiber ring resonator, micro-nano fiber coupling mechanism, micro-nano fiber Bragg grating and micro-nano fiber long-period gratings etc.Yet the sensing sensitivity of these methods and temperature stability still receive great limitation at present, and for example the acquisition of the theoretical method in the document " Fei Xu, Peter Horak; and Gilberto Brambilla.Optical microfiber coil resonator refractometric sensor.Optics Express, 2007,15:7888-7893. " sensitivity is 700nm/RIU (unit refractive index); " Yang Ran, Yan-Nan Tan, Li-Peng Sun; Shuai Gao; Jie Li, LongJin, and Bai-Ou Guan.193nm excimer laser inscribed Bragg gratings in microfibersfor refratctive index sensing.Optics Express; 2011; 19:18577-18583. " utilizes the 193nm excimer laser on micro-nano fiber, to inscribe Bragg grating and makes index sensor, and this method manufacture craft is complicated, and actual measurement sensitivity is merely 165nm/RIU.Document " Haifeng Xuan; Wei Jin; andMin Zhang.CO2 laser induced long period gratings in optical microfibers.OpticsExpress 2009, the 17:21882-21890. " sensitivity of measuring reaches 1900nm/RIU for another example, and temperature susceplibility is-130pm/ ℃; And method for making has been introduced the surface damage of optical fiber, the structure lacking toughness.
Therefore, study and a kind ofly not only have high sensitivity, and temperature stability optical fibre refractivity sensor strong, compact conformation becomes a valuable problem.
Summary of the invention
The shortcoming that fundamental purpose of the present invention is to overcome prior art is with not enough; A kind of micro-nano fiber index sensor is provided; This sensor utilization has unique birefringence and the effect of dispersion and the material behavior of micro-nano fiber of birefringent characteristic, obtains the hypersensitivity that is beyond one's reach in the prior art, fabulous temperature stability and structural compactness.
Another object of the present invention is to; A kind of preparation method of micro-nano fiber index sensor is provided; Enable to realize higher refractive index sensing sensitivity, and can get rid of the temperature cross-sensitivity, can realize that the little variable high-precision sensing of environment refractive index is measured to external world with small and exquisite structure.
The object of the invention is realized through following technical scheme: a kind of micro-nano fiber index sensor; Comprise the wideband light source, micro-nano fiber ring and the spectroanalysis instrument that link to each other successively, wideband light source, spectroanalysis instrument all link to each other with the micro-nano fiber ring through standard fiber; Said micro-nano fiber ring is reversed or is folded to form by the micro-nano fiber both ends with birefringent characteristic, said micro-nano fiber two ends each other near part form dielectric grid micro-nano fiber coupled zone, the middle part not near part form dielectric grid micro-nano fiber ring; Said micro-nano fiber two ends and standard fiber welding with birefringent characteristic.In the present invention; The polarization state rotation takes place in the light that wideband light source sends after standard fiber gets into birefringence micro-nano fiber coupled zone, and in birefringence micro-nano fiber ring, forms the light beam of two travel in opposite directions; This two-beam produces polarization phase after through birefringence micro-nano fiber ring poor; After ripple is closed in birefringence micro-nano fiber coupled zone, form polarization interference spectrum, detect output by spectroanalysis instrument at last, change the birefringence micro-nano fiber ring refractive index of test substance on every side; Calculate the wavelength shift of interference spectrum, and then infer the test substance change of refractive.
Preferably, said micro-nano fiber with birefringent characteristic specifically: the optical fiber that covering is had a double symmetrical structure of rectangle or type rectangle carries out fused biconical taper processing and obtains, and draws the longest edge size of awl back micro-nano fiber xsect not to be higher than 10 μ m.Perhaps panda optic fibre is carried out fused biconical taper processing and obtain, draw the micro-nano fiber diameter of section size behind the awl not to be higher than 10 μ m.
Preferably, said birefringence micro-nano fiber coupled zone is twisted-pair feeder or parallel construction.Reversed by the micro-nano fiber both ends with birefringent characteristic and to form, then its optical fiber coupled zone is a twisted pair construction, is folded to form by the micro-nano fiber both ends with birefringent characteristic, and then its optical fiber coupled zone is a parallel construction.
Preferably, said birefringence micro-nano fiber coupled zone adjustable length.Therefore can change the spectral characteristic of sensor as required.
Preferably, said birefringence micro-nano fiber ring size is adjustable.Therefore can change the spectral characteristic of sensor as required.
Further, the diameter of said birefringence micro-nano fiber ring is 1mm-10cm.
Preferably, said micro-nano fiber with birefringent characteristic comprises fiber core and the fibre cladding that said fiber core is surrounded, and wherein the fiber core refractive index is higher than the fibre cladding refractive index.
The present invention gives a kind of preparation method of above-mentioned micro-nano fiber index sensor, may further comprise the steps:
(1) make the micro-nano fiber with birefringent characteristic, there is standard fiber at the two ends of this micro-nano fiber welding respectively;
(2) the described micro-nano fiber of step (1) both ends are intersected each other or side by side near; Form a ring; Intersect or near part form dielectric grid micro-nano fiber coupled zone; Uncrossed or near part form dielectric grid micro-nano fiber ring, birefringence micro-nano fiber coupled zone and birefringence micro-nano fiber ring constitute the micro-nano fiber ring together; ,
(3) the micro-nano fiber ring that obtains of step (2) connects to form closed light path with wideband light source and spectroanalysis instrument respectively through the standard fiber of its two ends welding, thereby constitutes micro-nano fiber ring index sensor.
Preferably; In the said step (2); Little sodium fiber optic loop is to adopt following steps to make: the described micro-nano fiber both ends with birefringent characteristic of step (1) are intersected each other, will be individually fixed on the spinner with the good standard fiber of its two ends welding then, the position of regulating spinner makes cross section be an angle less than 90 degree; Rotate spinner in the same way; The later micro-nano fiber with birefringent characteristic is just reversed the formation twisted pair construction from the point of crossing so, reverses crossover sites form dielectric grid micro-nano fiber coupled zone, uncrossed part form dielectric grid micro-nano fiber ring.
Further, when said standard fiber was fixed on the spinner, the position of regulating spinner made cross section be 45 degree.
Preferably; In the said step (2); Little sodium fiber optic loop is to adopt following steps to make: with the described micro-nano fiber doubling of step (1) with birefringent characteristic, make both ends each other near, through van der waals force, electrostatic force and twisting resistance; Each other near part form the birefringence micro-nano fiber coupled zone of parallel construction, not near part form dielectric grid micro-nano fiber ring.
Preferably, ring of micro-nano fiber coiled in the said step (2), the position of ring is the waist homogeneity range with micro-nano fiber of birefringent characteristic.
In use, the micro-nano fiber ring is placed test substance,, thereby measure the variation that its wavelength shift can be found out material refractive index because the variations in refractive index of material causes that the interference spectrogram of device drifts about.The micro-nano fiber ring is placed its temperature characterisitic of measurement in the resistance furnace, change, interfere spectrogram to drift about, thereby measure its wavelength shift is learnt this sensor with variation of temperature temperature stabilization characteristic because the thermal expansion of material causes birefringence.
The present invention compared with prior art has following advantage and beneficial effect:
1, the present invention proposes a kind of temperature-insensitive, the highly sensitive micro-nano fiber index sensor of refractive index; Adopt the micro-nano fiber with birefringent characteristic of double symmetrical structure; Utilize its unique birefringence dispersion characteristic and material behavior; Realized supersensitive refractive index sensing, the present invention has broken through the restriction of existing scheme to sensitivity, its sensitivity can reach 24373nm/RIU or more than.
2, the present invention compares with the traditional optical index sensor, but have volume little, in light weight, can with advantage such as the compatible remote monitoring of fibre system.
3, the present invention compares with other optical-fiber type index sensor, have size littler, simple in structure, be convenient to advantages such as integrated, that reaction velocity is fast.
4, the present invention and existing micro-nano fiber type refractive index sensing compared with techniques have higher sensitivity, and temperature stability are good, and its temperature stability can be superior to 0.005nm/ ℃, has effectively avoided temperature cross sensitivity characteristic.
5, the birefringence micro-nano fiber coupled zone among the present invention possesses flexible adjustability, can change the spectral characteristic of sensor.
6, the birefringence micro-nano fiber ring size among the present invention possesses adjustability, can change the spectral characteristic of sensor.
7, the present invention possesses the potential quality that is used for wave filter.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the invention 1;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the invention 1 when carrying out refractometry;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the invention 1 when carrying out temperature survey;
Fig. 4 uses measurement data and the theoretical curves that sensor of the present invention carries out refraction index solution.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing the present invention is described in further detail, but embodiment of the present invention is not limited thereto.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of micro-nano fiber index sensor comprises the wideband light source 1, micro-nano fiber ring and the spectroanalysis instrument 4 that link to each other successively, and wideband light source 1, spectroanalysis instrument 4 all link to each other with the micro-nano fiber ring through standard fiber 10.In the present embodiment; Said micro-nano fiber ring is turned round by the micro-nano fiber both ends with birefringent characteristic and is folded to form; Said micro-nano fiber two ends each other near part form dielectric grid micro-nano fiber coupled zone 2, the middle part not near part form dielectric grid micro-nano fiber ring 3; Said micro-nano fiber two ends and standard fiber 10 weldings with birefringent characteristic.In the present invention; The polarization state rotation takes place in the light that wideband light source 1 sends after standard fiber 10 gets into birefringence micro-nano fiber coupled zone 2, and in birefringence micro-nano fiber ring 3, forms the light beam of two travel in opposite directions; This two-beam produces polarization phase after through birefringence micro-nano fiber ring 3 poor; After ripple is closed in birefringence micro-nano fiber coupled zone 2, form polarization interference spectrum, detect output by spectroanalysis instrument 4 at last, change birefringence micro-nano fiber ring 3 refractive index of test substance on every side; Calculate the wavelength shift of interference spectrum, and then infer the test substance change of refractive.
Said micro-nano fiber with birefringent characteristic is specifically: the optical fiber that covering is had a double symmetrical structure of rectangle or type rectangle carries out fused biconical taper processing and obtains; Drawing behind the awl through the longest edge at cross section of optic fibre center and the length ratio of minor face is 1.05～5.0; Draw the longest edge size of awl back micro-nano fiber xsect not to be higher than 10 μ m, stock size can be 10nm～5 μ m.
In the present embodiment, said birefringence micro-nano fiber coupled zone 2 is to be folded to form by the micro-nano fiber both ends with birefringent characteristic, so its optical fiber coupled zone is a parallel construction.
Said birefringence micro-nano fiber coupled zone 2 adjustable length.Therefore can change the spectral characteristic of sensor as required.
Said birefringence micro-nano fiber ring 3 size adjustable.Therefore can change the spectral characteristic of sensor as required.The diameter of said birefringence micro-nano fiber ring 3 is 1mm-10cm.
Said micro-nano fiber with birefringent characteristic comprises fiber core and the fibre cladding that said fiber core is surrounded, and wherein the fiber core refractive index is higher than the fibre cladding refractive index.
Present embodiment gives a kind of preparation method of above-mentioned micro-nano fiber index sensor, may further comprise the steps:
(1) make the micro-nano fiber with birefringent characteristic, there is standard fiber at the two ends of this micro-nano fiber welding respectively;
(2) with the described micro-nano fiber doubling of step (1) with birefringent characteristic; Make both ends each other near; Form a ring, through van der waals force, electrostatic force and twisting resistance, each other near part form the birefringence micro-nano fiber coupled zone of parallel construction; Not near part form dielectric grid micro-nano fiber ring, birefringence micro-nano fiber coupled zone and birefringence micro-nano fiber ring constitute the micro-nano fiber ring together;
(3) the micro-nano fiber ring that obtains of step (2) connects to form closed light path with wideband light source and spectroanalysis instrument respectively through the standard fiber of its two ends welding, thereby constitutes micro-nano fiber ring index sensor.
Ring of micro-nano fiber coiled in the said step (2), the position of ring is the waist homogeneity range with micro-nano fiber of birefringent characteristic.
Principle of the present invention is: owing to the birefringence effect that has of micro-nano fiber, two polarization states of transmission light wave produce optical path differences in the birefringence micro-nano fiber ring, after ripple is closed in birefringence micro-nano fiber coupled zone, form polarization interference spectrum.
In above-mentioned fiber loop mirror, because the phase differential Φ of the two-way light that causes of birefringence effect is expressed as: the Φ=(BL of 2 π/λ).Wherein, λ is an optical wavelength, B=n
i-n
jBe the micro-nano fiber birefringence, n
i, n
jBe respectively the effective refractive index of two polarization modes of waveguide, L is the length of micro-nano fiber ring.In theory, for being without loss of generality, can be expressed as E in the input and output field of coupled zone
3x, y=k
1x, yE
1x, y+ k
2x, yE
2x, yAnd E
4x, y=k
2x, yE
1x, y+ k
1x, yE
2x, y, k wherein
1x, yAnd k
2x, yBe the coupling coefficient of coupled zone x and y polarization state, export energy P ' so
2x, yExpression be:
P wherein
1x, yBe intake.Thereby transmission spectrum T=P '
2x, y/ P
1x, yCan be by parameter k
1x, y, k
2x, y, θ and phase difference show.The relation of spectrum and the external refractive index can be expressed as:
When carrying out refractometry; As shown in Figure 2, the micro-nano fiber ring is placed test substance 7, the micro-nano fiber ring encapsulates through fiber package device 5; Then test substance is carried out the water-bath heating; 6 expression water because the variations in refractive index of material causes that the interference spectrogram of device drifts about, thereby are measured the variation that its wavelength shift can be found out material refractive index.
When carrying out temperature survey; As shown in Figure 3, the micro-nano fiber ring is placed resistance furnace 8, the micro-nano fiber ring encapsulates through fiber package device 9; Resistance furnace generates heat according to requirement of experiment; Because the thermal expansion of material causes birefringence and changes, and interferes spectrogram to drift about, thereby measures its wavelength shift is learnt this sensor with variation of temperature temperature stabilization characteristic.
Fig. 4 representes that experiment measuring obtains the corresponding wavelength of the wave trough position of outgoing spectrum and the relation of refractive index, and the relation between solution temperature to be measured and the refractive index.In this example, the micro-nano fiber ring is placed in the middle of the alcoholic solution, to change the refractive index of solution, in Fig. 4, circle is represented the instance measurement data points through the adjustment temperature, and solid line is represented the numerical fitting curve, and visible measured value can be consistent with theoretical value well; In measurement, wavelength increases and increases along with refractive index, near the alcoholic solution is being refractive index about 1.357, and the sensitivity that experiment obtains is 24373nm/RIU.Again the micro-nano fiber ring is placed resistance furnace, change temperature, demarcate its temperature stability, the temperature control that test obtains is 0.005nm/ ℃.
Present embodiment except that following characteristics other structures with embodiment 1: said micro-nano fiber with birefringent characteristic specifically: panda optic fibre is carried out fused biconical taper processing obtains, draw the micro-nano fiber diameter of section size behind the awl not to be higher than 10 μ m.Said birefringence micro-nano fiber coupled zone 2 is twisted pair construction.Because of it is to be reversed by the micro-nano fiber both ends with birefringent characteristic to form, so its optical fiber coupled zone is a twisted pair construction.Concrete preparation method may further comprise the steps:
(1) make the micro-nano fiber with birefringent characteristic, there is standard fiber at the two ends of this micro-nano fiber welding respectively;
(2) the described micro-nano fiber both ends with birefringent characteristic of step (1) are intersected each other; To be individually fixed on the spinner with the good standard fiber of its two ends welding then; The position of regulating spinner makes cross section be an angle less than 90 degree, rotates spinner then in the same way, and later birefringence micro-nano fiber is just reversed the formation twisted pair construction from the point of crossing so; Reverse crossover sites form dielectric grid micro-nano fiber coupled zone, uncrossed part form dielectric grid micro-nano fiber ring;
(3) the micro-nano fiber ring that obtains of step (2) connects to form closed light path with wideband light source and spectroanalysis instrument respectively through the standard fiber of its two ends welding, thereby constitutes micro-nano fiber ring index sensor.
For reaching effect preferably, in the present embodiment, when said standard fiber was fixed on the spinner, the position of regulating spinner made cross section be 45 degree.
The foregoing description is a preferred implementation of the present invention; But embodiment of the present invention is not restricted to the described embodiments; Other any do not deviate from change, the modification done under spirit of the present invention and the principle, substitutes, combination, simplify; All should be the substitute mode of equivalence, be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a micro-nano fiber index sensor is characterized in that, comprises the wideband light source, micro-nano fiber ring and the spectroanalysis instrument that link to each other successively, and wideband light source, spectroanalysis instrument all link to each other with the micro-nano fiber ring through standard fiber; Said micro-nano fiber ring is reversed or is folded to form by the micro-nano fiber both ends with birefringent characteristic, said micro-nano fiber two ends each other near part form dielectric grid micro-nano fiber coupled zone, the middle part not near part form dielectric grid micro-nano fiber ring; Said micro-nano fiber two ends and standard fiber welding with birefringent characteristic.
2. micro-nano fiber index sensor according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; Said micro-nano fiber with birefringent characteristic comprises fiber core and the fibre cladding that said fiber core is surrounded, and wherein the fiber core refractive index is higher than the fibre cladding refractive index.
3. micro-nano fiber index sensor according to claim 2; It is characterized in that; Said micro-nano fiber with birefringent characteristic is: the optical fiber that covering is had a double symmetrical structure of rectangle or type rectangle carries out fused biconical taper processing and obtains, and draws the longest edge size of awl back micro-nano fiber xsect not to be higher than 10 μ m; Perhaps panda optic fibre is carried out fused biconical taper processing and obtain, draw the micro-nano fiber diameter of section size behind the awl not to be higher than 10 μ m.
4. micro-nano fiber index sensor according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said birefringence micro-nano fiber coupled zone is twisted-pair feeder or parallel construction.
5. micro-nano fiber index sensor according to claim 2 is characterized in that, said birefringence micro-nano fiber coupled zone adjustable length; Said birefringence micro-nano fiber ring size is adjustable, and diameter is 1mm-10cm.
6. the preparation method of a micro-nano fiber index sensor is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
(1) make the micro-nano fiber with birefringent characteristic, there is standard fiber at the two ends of this micro-nano fiber welding respectively;
(2) the described micro-nano fiber of step (1) both ends are intersected each other or side by side near; Form a ring; Intersect or near part form dielectric grid micro-nano fiber coupled zone; Uncrossed or near part form dielectric grid micro-nano fiber ring, birefringence micro-nano fiber coupled zone and birefringence micro-nano fiber ring constitute the micro-nano fiber ring together;
(3) the micro-nano fiber ring that obtains of step (2) connects to form closed light path with wideband light source and spectroanalysis instrument respectively through the standard fiber of its two ends welding, thereby constitutes micro-nano fiber ring index sensor.
7. the preparation method of micro-nano fiber index sensor according to claim 6; It is characterized in that; In the said step (2); Little sodium fiber optic loop is to adopt following steps to make: the described micro-nano fiber both ends with birefringent characteristic of step (1) are intersected each other, will be individually fixed on the spinner with the good standard fiber of its two ends welding then, the position of regulating spinner makes cross section be an angle less than 90 degree; Rotate spinner in the same way; The later micro-nano fiber with birefringent characteristic is just reversed the formation twisted pair construction from the point of crossing so, reverses crossover sites form dielectric grid micro-nano fiber coupled zone, uncrossed part form dielectric grid micro-nano fiber ring.
8. the preparation method of micro-nano fiber index sensor according to claim 7 is characterized in that, when said standard fiber was fixed on the spinner, the position of regulating spinner made cross section be 45 degree.
9. the preparation method of micro-nano fiber index sensor according to claim 6; It is characterized in that in the said step (2), little sodium fiber optic loop is to adopt following steps to make: with the described micro-nano fiber doubling with birefringent characteristic of step (1); Make both ends each other near; Through van der waals force, electrostatic force and twisting resistance, each other near part form the birefringence micro-nano fiber coupled zone of parallel construction, not near part form dielectric grid micro-nano fiber ring.
10. the preparation method of micro-nano fiber index sensor according to claim 6 is characterized in that, ring of micro-nano fiber coiled in the said step (2), and the position of ring is the waist homogeneity range with micro-nano fiber of birefringent characteristic.
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| CN102721665A (en) * | 2012-05-16 | 2012-10-10 | 暨南大学 | Micro nano optical fiber grating refractive index sensor |
| CN103698048A (en) * | 2013-12-09 | 2014-04-02 | 中国计量学院 | Simple high-sensitivity optical-fiber temperature sensor |
| CN104034696A (en) * | 2014-05-16 | 2014-09-10 | 浙江大学 | Nano optical fiber refractive index sensor with high sensitivity and large measurement range |
| CN104655590A (en) * | 2015-02-10 | 2015-05-27 | 天津大学 | All-fiber refractive index and temperature sensor and measuring method |
| CN105806800A (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2016-07-27 | 深圳先进技术研究院 | Terahertz optical fiber sensing device and pollutant detection method using the same |
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| CN110864742A (en) * | 2019-12-02 | 2020-03-06 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | All-fiber temperature and salt depth sensor based on micro-nano fiber coupler interferometer |
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