CN112731587A - Method for preparing M-Z waveguide structure on coreless optical fiber by femtosecond laser direct writing technology - Google Patents
Method for preparing M-Z waveguide structure on coreless optical fiber by femtosecond laser direct writing technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN112731587A CN112731587A CN202011410019.5A CN202011410019A CN112731587A CN 112731587 A CN112731587 A CN 112731587A CN 202011410019 A CN202011410019 A CN 202011410019A CN 112731587 A CN112731587 A CN 112731587A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 title claims description 37
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B37/00—Manufacture or treatment of flakes, fibres, or filaments from softened glass, minerals, or slags
- C03B37/10—Non-chemical treatment
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01D5/00—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable
- G01D5/26—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light
- G01D5/32—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light
- G01D5/34—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells
- G01D5/353—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre
- G01D5/35306—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement
- G01D5/35329—Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement using interferometer with two arms in transmission, e.g. Mach-Zender interferometer
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B2006/12133—Functions
- G02B2006/12159—Interferometer
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B2006/12166—Manufacturing methods
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for preparing a coreless fiber M-Z waveguide structure based on a femtosecond laser direct writing technology, which adopts a coreless fiber glass rod, uses a femtosecond laser, and processes the coreless fiber M-Z waveguide structure in a line-by-line writing mode to obtain the M-Z structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of optical fiber sensing, in particular to a method for preparing a coreless optical fiber M-Z waveguide structure based on a femtosecond laser direct writing technology.
Background
A Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) is an apparatus that generates a dual beam by a partial amplitude method to achieve interference, and conventionally, a microstructure is fabricated inside an optical fiber as a coupler, a part of light in a fiber core is coupled into a cladding mode, and the cladding mode is coupled into the fiber core, and the two beams of light generate interference due to phase difference when meeting again inside the optical fiber.
With the continuous development of modern measurement technology, various novel Mach-Zehnder (M-Z) interferometers and manufacturing methods thereof are in endless range, such as based on micro-tapered optical fibers with cavities inside, optical fibers welded in a staggered manner, fiber gratings, special optical fibers and the like, but the devices with built-in air cavities in the devices in the prior art are fragile and have poor firmness; the repeatability of the dislocation fusion of the fiber core is difficult to realize, and a large amount of time is needed for manual assembly; the fiber grating writing process is complex, the cost is high, and the structure is unstable; the expense of special optical fibers and the difficulty in accurately controlling the Free Spectral Range (FSR) of the prior art have restricted the development of mach zehnder.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer in the prior art, the invention provides a method for preparing a coreless optical fiber M-Z waveguide structure based on a femtosecond laser direct writing technology, which comprises the following specific scheme:
a method for preparing a coreless fiber M-Z waveguide structure based on a femtosecond laser direct writing technology comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of removing a coating layer of a coreless optical fiber by using a coreless optical fiber glass rod, cleaning the coreless optical fiber glass rod by using alcohol, placing the coreless optical fiber glass rod on a femtosecond laser processing table, focusing laser on the glass rod by using a femtosecond laser, enabling the laser to be perpendicular to the axial direction of the optical fiber, and processing the coreless optical fiber glass rod in a line-by-line scribing mode to obtain an M-Z structure.
Further, the diameter of the coreless fiber glass rod is 125 μm.
Further, the femtosecond laser has the specification that: the center wavelength was 800nm and the pulse width was 50 fs.
Further, the operating parameters of the femtosecond laser are as follows: the repetition frequency is 0.5-2KHZ, 20 × lens, NA 0.30, single pulse energy 10 μ J, step Δ y 2 μm.
Further, the M-Z structure is cylindrical.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the Mach-Zehnder waveguide (M-Z) structure is engraved on the coreless fiber by using the femtosecond laser technology, and the Mach-Zehnder waveguide (M-Z) structure is used for a Mach-Zehnder interference device.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a comparison between a conventional optical fiber and a coreless optical fiber according to the present embodiment, wherein A is the conventional optical fiber and B is the coreless optical fiber;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a coreless fiber Mach-Zehnder (M-Z) structure in an example embodiment;
FIG. 3 is an interference schematic diagram of a coreless fiber Mach-Zehnder (M-Z) structure in an embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a femtosecond laser processing system in the embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a Mach-Zehnder test system in an example embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a spectrum of MZI in Experimental example 1 placed in water and air, respectively;
FIG. 7 is a graph showing the variation of MZI wavelength with the refractive index of the solution in experimental example 2.
Description of reference numerals:
101-fiber core, 102-cladding, 103-coating layer, 401-femtosecond laser, 402-shutter, 403-signal attenuator, 404-aperture, 405-objective lens, 406-coreless fiber, 407-CCD camera, 408-optical component, 409-CCD camera, 410-three-dimensional processing platform, 411-BBS broadband light source.
Detailed Description
Examples
The objects and functions of the present invention and methods for accomplishing the same will be apparent by reference to the exemplary embodiments. However, the present invention is not limited to the exemplary embodiments disclosed below; it can be implemented in different forms. The nature of the description is merely to assist those skilled in the relevant art in a comprehensive understanding of the specific details of the invention.
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, the same reference numerals denote the same or similar parts, or the same or similar steps. The following describes a method for fabricating a coreless fiber M-Z waveguide structure based on the femtosecond laser direct writing technique according to the present invention by using specific embodiments:
the embodiment provides a method for preparing a coreless optical fiber M-Z waveguide structure based on a femtosecond laser direct writing technology, which comprises the following steps:
with the femtosecond laser processing system as shown in fig. 4, a coreless fiber glass rod with a diameter of 125 μm was used, a coating layer of the coreless fiber was removed, and after cleaning with alcohol, the coreless fiber was placed on a stage, and a femtosecond laser manufactured by coherent corporation was used, the center wavelength of the laser was 800nm, the pulse width was 50fs, and specific parameters of the femtosecond laser were set as follows in this embodiment: the repetition frequency is 1KHZ, 20 × lens is selected, NA is 0.30, the single pulse energy is 10 μ J, the step length Δ y is 2 μ M, the lens is focused on a glass rod, the glass rod is perpendicular to the axial direction of the optical fiber, and a columnar M-Z structure is processed by line-by-line inscription, as shown in fig. 2, the M-Z structure obtained by processing in this embodiment is schematically illustrated.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the interference principle of M-Z structure, in which light is divided into two paths when passing through the microcavity while being transmitted in the glass rod, one path is continuously transmitted along the glass rod, and the other path is transmitted through air. Because the refractive index of the glass rod is different from that of air, two beams of light passing through the microcavity generate an interference phenomenon due to the existence of phase difference and optical path difference when being converged.
Test example 1
In the embodiment, a femtosecond laser is used for writing an M-Z structure, and during writing, an optical fiber sensing analyzer manufactured by Yokogawa company is used for analyzing and collecting interference spectra in real time, and a test system is used as shown in fig. 5.
The coreless optical fiber with Mach-Zehnder structure prepared in the example was tested by connecting a broadband light source (NKT) to one end of a circulator, connecting one end of the circulator to one end of a coreless optical fiber with Mach-Zehnder structure, connecting the other end of the coreless optical fiber to an optical fiber sensing analyzer for collecting and analyzing interference spectra in real time, placing the coreless optical fiber (MZI) with Mach-Zehnder structure in air and water, changing the external refractive index conditions and then recording the spectral change curve of the spectrometer as shown in FIG. 6
By observing the spectrograms of the MZI in water and air, it can be seen that the fringe visibility of the MZI is different in different refractive index solutions, and the fringe visibility of the MZI in air is the best, about 6 dB; because the cladding is submerged in water, the effective refractive index of the aqueous solution is larger than that of air, so that the difference between the refractive index of the cladding and the effective refractive index of the external liquid is increased, and the free spectral range of a response peak in water is increased.
Test example 2
The refractive index sensing test is carried out on the coreless optical fiber with the Mach-Zehnder structure prepared in the embodiment, the concentration of NaCl solution in the test is changed from 0% to 6.386%, the refractive index of the corresponding solution is changed from 1.333 to 1.3459, MZI is placed in the prepared NaCl solutions with different concentrations, corresponding spectrum change is recorded, the relationship of the MZI wavelength in the solutions with different refractive indexes along with the change of the refractive index is shown in FIG. 7, as can be seen from FIG. 7, the relationship between the wavelength and the refractive index is fitted along with the increase of the external refractive index, and the MZI sensitivity is extremely high, the linearity is extremely good, and the coreless optical fiber with the Mach-Zehnder structure is very suitable for the field of.
Other embodiments of the invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification and practice of the invention disclosed herein. It is intended that the specification and examples be considered as exemplary only, with a true scope and spirit of the invention being indicated by the following claims.
Claims (5)
1. A method for preparing a coreless fiber M-Z waveguide structure based on a femtosecond laser direct writing technology is characterized in that the method for preparing the coreless fiber M-Z waveguide structure comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of removing a coating layer of a coreless optical fiber by using a coreless optical fiber glass rod, cleaning the coreless optical fiber glass rod by using alcohol, placing the coreless optical fiber glass rod on a femtosecond laser processing table, focusing laser on the glass rod by using a femtosecond laser, enabling the laser to be perpendicular to the axial direction of the optical fiber, and processing the coreless optical fiber glass rod in a line-by-line scribing mode to obtain an M-Z structure.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the coreless fiber glass rod has a diameter of 125 μ M.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the coreless fiber M-Z waveguide structure is characterized in that the femtosecond laser is specified as: the center wavelength was 800nm and the pulse width was 50 fs.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the parameters of the femtosecond laser operation are: the repetition frequency is 0.5-2KHZ, 20 × lens, NA 0.30, single pulse energy 10 μ J, step Δ y 2 μm.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the M-Z structure is a cylindrical shape.
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| CN202011410019.5A CN112731587A (en) | 2020-12-03 | 2020-12-03 | Method for preparing M-Z waveguide structure on coreless optical fiber by femtosecond laser direct writing technology |
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| CN207964137U (en) * | 2018-01-18 | 2018-10-12 | 中国计量大学 | A kind of M-Z strain gauges based on femtosecond laser parallel micromachining |
| CN108759883A (en) * | 2018-05-21 | 2018-11-06 | 杭州光飞秒科技有限公司 | Mach-Zehnder interferometer in the optical fiber cable of straight waveguide is inscribed based on femtosecond laser |
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2020
- 2020-12-03 CN CN202011410019.5A patent/CN112731587A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107314960A (en) * | 2017-08-15 | 2017-11-03 | 深圳大学 | A kind of hematocrite concentration sensor and preparation method thereof, test device |
| CN207964137U (en) * | 2018-01-18 | 2018-10-12 | 中国计量大学 | A kind of M-Z strain gauges based on femtosecond laser parallel micromachining |
| CN108759883A (en) * | 2018-05-21 | 2018-11-06 | 杭州光飞秒科技有限公司 | Mach-Zehnder interferometer in the optical fiber cable of straight waveguide is inscribed based on femtosecond laser |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
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| LONGJIANG ZHAO: "femtosecond laser micromachining and computer modeling of ultracompact fiber inline Mach-Zehnder interferometer sensor based on a U-shape microcavity", 《PROCEEDINGS OF 2011 3RD INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON COMPUTER RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT》 * |
| 周楚等: "飞秒激光刻写全光纤马赫-泽德尔传感器件的研究进展", 《应用激光》 * |
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