CN112727869A - 密封剂物品和施加密封剂的方法 - Google Patents

密封剂物品和施加密封剂的方法 Download PDF

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CN112727869A
CN112727869A CN202110160253.5A CN202110160253A CN112727869A CN 112727869 A CN112727869 A CN 112727869A CN 202110160253 A CN202110160253 A CN 202110160253A CN 112727869 A CN112727869 A CN 112727869A
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M.E.盖奇
D.J.格鲁尔克
M.E.富尔索姆
B.A.史密斯
M.S.巴沙
K.L.戴维斯
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Hamilton Sundstrand Corp
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    • C09J133/00—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
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    • B29C66/02—Preparation of the material, in the area to be joined, prior to joining or welding
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/712—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined the composition of one of the parts to be joined being different from the composition of the other part
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Abstract

公开了一种物品，其包括金属表面和在所述金属表面上的处于固化的至少部分未固化状态的可固化密封剂，所述物品被安置于在用于将所述可固化密封剂维持在至少部分未固化状态的条件下的外部储存环境中，其中，所述可固化密封剂能够回到流体状态。

Description

密封剂物品和施加密封剂的方法
本申请是2017年2月8日提交的、名称为“密封剂物品和施加密封剂的方法”、申请号为201710069625.7的中国专利申请的分案申请。
技术领域
本公开涉及密封剂、施加密封剂的技术以及密封剂物品。
背景技术
密封剂被广泛用于多种应用。举例来说，可使用密封剂来提供物品之间的密封，防止外部材料(诸如液体、气体或固体)渗入。常常将密封剂与用于将物品连接在一起的紧固件结合使用。举例来说，常常将密封剂施加至螺纹连接件，诸如螺杆或螺栓，以提供阳螺纹元件与阴螺纹元件之间的结合，从而抑制可由振动或撞击引起的螺纹连接件变松。在一些情况下，将包含不同金属组成的物品连接在一起，诸如铝结构组件和不锈钢紧固件。当不同金属组成(或金属组成和非金属导电材料(例如碳))具有不同电极电势(即一种金属比另一种金属更贵重)时，物品之间存在的水可充当电解质并且促进电化学反应，从而导致电化腐蚀。在此类情况下，可使用介于具有不同电极电势的物品之间的密封剂通过抵抗水渗入到物品之间来帮助防止电化腐蚀。
可通过各种技术将密封剂施加至物品，包括刷涂或各种类型的注射技术。在许多情况下，密封剂为可固化组合物，所述可固化组合物是以液体或可流动状态施加，随后固化至固体或硬化状态。许多密封剂，诸如双组分反应性密封剂或通过暴露于氧或大气湿气来起始化学固化反应的密封剂在施加之后在固化反应完成之前具有一个有限的时间段。这常常需要在组装所要密封的物品时或在组装之前不久施加密封剂。即使经历可例如通过随后施加热量或辐射来控制起始的固化反应的密封剂也会具有一个有限的时间段，在所述有限的时间段期间其维持流动特性，所述流动特性足以允许压缩介于正在密封的物品之间的密封剂以提供紧密邻接的密封结合。
发明内容
在本公开的一些实施方案中，制备组件的方法包括将可固化密封剂施加至第一物品的金属表面，以及将可固化密封剂和第一物品储存在用于将可固化密封剂维持在至少部分未固化的状态的条件下。所述方法进一步包括使第一物品金属表面上的可固化密封剂与第二物品的导电表面接触，以及使可固化密封剂固化。
在本公开的一些实施方案中，物品包括金属表面和处于金属表面上的可固化密封剂，所述物品被安置于用于将可固化密封剂维持在至少部分未固化状态的储存环境中。
附图说明
在本说明书结束时在权利要求书中特别指出并且明确要求了本公开的主题。结合随附图式，由以下详细描述显而易见本公开的前述和其他特征以及优点，其中：
图1为其上具有所施加的可固化密封剂的物品的截面视图的示意性描述；
图2为包括图1的物品的部分组装的组件的截面视图的示意性描述；
图3为完全组装的图2的组件的截面视图的示意性描述；以及
图4为另一组件的截面视图的示意性描述。
具体实施方式
根据本公开可使用各种类型的密封剂。实际上，可使用具有可经受使密封剂的固化受抑制或停止以使得可固化密封剂维持在至少部分未固化状态的储存条件的固化机理的任何密封剂。密封剂的实例包括但不限于环氧密封剂、聚硫化物密封剂、聚硫醚密封剂、聚氨酯密封剂、聚硅氧烷密封剂(包括但不限于RTV密封剂)。在一些实施方案中(例如对于航空航天应用)，密封剂可为环氧密封剂或聚硫化物密封剂。在一些实施方案中，密封剂可包含两种或更多种反应性组分，所述两种或更多种反应性组分除非经受用于抑制或停止固化反应的条件，否则在混合后经历固化反应。此类密封剂有时被称为两部分密封剂或双组分密封剂。举例来说，两部分环氧密封剂可包含环氧树脂，其为环氧化物(例如表氯醇)与二醇(例如双酚A、脂族多元醇)的反应产物；以及胺或酸酐固化剂，其发生反应以形成固化密封剂。聚硫化物可利用巯基封端的聚硫化物聚合物，其通过氧化未端硫醇基以形成扩展的二硫键而经历固化，并且包括诸如二氧化锰等氧化剂作为固化剂以促进基于氧化的固化反应。聚硫醚密封剂可利用硫醇封端的聚硫醚，其经历类似于聚硫化物的链氧化物促成的扩链固化。聚氨酯可利用多元醇和低分子量聚异氰酸酯，其可自发地发生反应以形成氨基甲酸酯基键联。可利用较高分子量异氰酸酯封端的预聚物来进行固化反应，所述固化反应利用周围水分作为固化剂。RTV硅酮利用聚硅氧烷，其具有由诸如二月桂酸二丁基锡等金属催化剂促进的固化反应。
如上文所提到，在本公开的一些实施方案中，将可固化密封剂施加至金属表面并且储存在用于将可固化密封剂维持在至少部分未固化状态的条件下。这可通过各种技术来实现。在一些实施方案中，用于将可固化密封剂维持在至少部分未固化状态的储存条件涉及降低温度。虽然本公开不取决于任何特定操作理论并且不受任何特定操作理论约束，但是在一些实施方案中，低温可通过减少固化反应所需的可获得的活化能来影响分子反应动力学，并且还可通过固化(即‘冷冻’)否则为流体的反应物混合物来阻止反应物进一步混合而在宏观水平具有固化反应抑制作用。在一些实施方案中，将物品和所施加的可固化密封剂储存在最高0℃、更具体地说-25℃并且甚至更具体地说-50℃并且最低-100℃、更具体地说-75℃范围内的温度下。可独立地组合这些范围终点以产生各种范围。
在一些实施方案中，用于将密封剂维持在至少部分未固化状态的储存条件可为使密封剂失去为固化反应所需的化学组分的条件。在一些实施方案中，储存条件可提供无氧或低氧环境以将可固化密封剂维持在至少部分未固化的状态。这可例如使用在真空下的储存环境或使用在诸如氮气等非氧气氛下的密封储存环境来实现。在一些实施方案中，储存条件可提供无水分或低水分环境以将可固化密封剂维持在至少部分未固化的状态。这可例如使用在真空下的密封储存环境或使用例如由气候控制系统或干燥剂提供的在气候受控的去湿气氛下的储存环境来实现。还可使用条件组合，诸如低温与低氧、低温与低水分或低水分与低氧。
现参考图式，图1展示具有所施加的可固化密封剂的所储存的紧固件组件的实例。如图1中所示，垫圈10具有所施加的可固化密封剂的珠粒层12。当然，许多其他类型的物品可具有所施加的可固化密封剂，包括紧固件组件表面(例如垫圈面、螺母面、接线耳面、衬套面、螺栓或螺杆头面、螺母板面、螺栓或螺杆轴或螺纹、隔离片、销钉(例如开口销、定位销)、铆钉或其他表面(例如所要连接的结构组件，诸如面板、支撑托架)。可通过各种技术施加可固化密封剂12，包括但不限于刷涂、喷涂、辊涂、注射喷嘴分配(例如将可固化密封剂的珠粒分配至物品上)或印刷技术(例如丝网印刷)。所施加的可固化密封剂的量和层厚度可根据应用而变化。在一些实施方案中，可将可固化密封剂施加至所要密封的整个表面。在一些实施方案中，如图1中所例示，可将可固化密封剂施加至所要密封的表面的一部分。在一些实施方案中，可将可固化密封剂施加至所要密封的表面的一部分，目的是使密封剂在组装过程期间铺展至表面的额外部分上。如图1中进一步展示，将施加有可固化密封剂12的垫圈10放入在用于将可固化密封剂维持在至少部分未固化状态的条件下的储存环境14中。
虽然图1仅展示单一垫圈10，但在一些实施方案中，可以连续方法(即组装线)或以分批方法将可固化密封剂施加至多个物品。在一些实施方案中，可将多个物品(例如紧固件组件，诸如垫圈、螺母、接线耳、衬套、螺栓或螺杆)安置于诸如板或托盘结构等支撑物(未示出)上，任选安置于保留诸如转轴或匹配组件形状的凹槽等特征的组件上，并且将密封剂施加至该批多个物品。然后可将承载多个物品的支撑物储存在用于将可固化密封剂维持在至少部分固化状态的条件下，或可将物品从支撑物移去并且放置于储存条件中。在使用低温的一些实施方案中，可将承载施加有可固化密封剂的物品的支撑物放入低温条件中以固化或稳定可固化密封剂，并且然后可将物品从支撑物移去并且放回冷的储存条件中。
现参考图2和3，将垫圈10从储存环境14移去并且与螺栓16、螺母18以及第二垫圈10'组装在一起以在可固化密封剂可完全固化之前将面板20和22紧固在一起。图2展示在旋紧螺母18和螺栓16之前处于部分组装状态的组件。图3展示在旋紧螺母18和螺栓16之后处于完全组装状态的组件。如图3中所说明，旋紧螺母18和螺栓16将介于垫圈10与面板20/22之间的可固化密封剂的珠粒层12压缩，从而将可固化密封剂的一部分从介于垫圈10与面板20/22之间的空间移出以形成薄的可固化密封剂层12'。在一些实施方案中，例如在可固化密封剂已因在低温下储存而固化(即冷冻)的情况下，可在组装之前将可固化密封剂加热或使其因暴露于周围温度而升温，以提供用于压缩的流动性并且使可固化密封剂铺开。在一些实施方案中，组装期间所施加的压力可足以提供流动性，而无需使可固化密封剂升温。在组装之后，从将可固化密封剂维持在至少部分未固化状态的储存环境14的条件移去后，图3的组件的可固化密封剂可完成固化反应以形成永久性密封。
图2和3展示安置在垫圈10与面板20/22之间的可固化密封剂。在一些实施方案中，利用可固化密封剂在具有不同贵重性(即电极电势)的金属或金属与具有不同电极电势的导电材料之间提供密封来抵抗水分渗入，以帮助防止电化腐蚀。另外，在一些实施方案中，可固化密封剂还可在具有不同贵重性的金属(或金属与另一导电材料，例如碳)之间提供不导电屏障以进一步防止电化腐蚀。举例来说，可固化密封剂可在诸如垫圈10等不锈钢紧固件组件与诸如面板20/22等铝面板之间提供密封或屏障。当然，电化腐蚀的可能性以及防止电化腐蚀的益处不限于不锈钢与铝的组合。可利用可固化密封剂来帮助防止电化腐蚀的其他组合包括但不限于不锈钢与镁、钛与镁、铝与低碳钢、铝与碳加强复合物、镍与铝、镁与低碳钢、金与镍或金与铜。在图2和3中将可固化密封剂放置于垫圈10与面板20/22之间在本质上当然为示例性的，并且如本领域中已知可将密封剂安置于其他位置。举例来说，在面板20/22的具有垫圈10的一侧为外表面而相对侧为内表面的情况下，垫圈10与面板20/22之间的密封剂可足以防止水分渗入到面板20/22与任何紧固件组件之间。然而，如果面板20/22的两侧均暴露于元件，那么也可将密封剂放置于垫圈10'与面板20/22之间。还可将密封剂安置于其他位置，包括但不限于螺栓面17、螺栓螺纹19、螺母面21或面板20与22之间。
当然，图2和3的螺母和螺栓组件出于说明目的在本质上为示例性的，并且涵盖许多其他组装配置。另一说明性实例展示于图4中，其使用与图2和3相同的编号来描述相同或类似的组件，在此不再对其详细描述。如图4中所示，使用螺栓16、螺母18以及垫圈10/10'来将电线接线耳26(例如镀镍铜电线接线耳)紧固至面板或外壳24 (例如铝外壳)，可固化密封剂层12'在耳状物26与面板或外壳24之间提供密封。可例如使用此类接线耳来将电学组件连接至共同的电学平面(例如接地电压或中性电压)。当然有许多其他可利用可固化密封剂的配置，其具体细节不需要在本文中进一步解释。
虽然已仅结合有限数目的实施方案详细描述了本公开，但应轻易了解，本公开不限于此类所公开的实施方案。相反地，可对本公开加以修改以并入迄今为止未描述的许多变化、变更、取代或等效布置，但其与本公开的精神和范围相称。另外，虽然已描述本公开的各个实施方案，但应了解本公开的方面可仅包括所描述的实施方案中的一些。因此，本公开不应被视为受前述描述限制，而是仅受随附权利要求书的范围限制。

Claims (9)

1.一种物品，其包括金属表面和在所述金属表面上的处于固化的至少部分未固化状态的可固化密封剂，所述物品被安置于在用于将所述可固化密封剂维持在至少部分未固化状态的条件下的外部储存环境中，其中，所述可固化密封剂能够回到流体状态。
2.如权利要求1所述的物品，其中，所述外部储存环境被维持在低于所述可固化密封剂的固化温度的温度下以将所述可固化密封剂维持在至少部分未固化状态。
3.如权利要求1所述的物品，其中，所述物品包括紧固件组件。
4.如权利要求3所述的物品，其中，所述金属物品表面包括垫圈面、螺母面、接线耳面、衬套面、螺栓或螺杆头面、螺母板面、螺栓或螺杆轴或螺纹、隔离片、销钉、铆钉、面板或支撑托架。
5.如权利要求1所述的物品，其中，所述可固化密封剂包括可固化聚硫化物密封剂、可固化环氧密封剂、可固化聚氨酯密封剂或可固化硅酮密封剂。
6.如权利要求1所述的物品，其中，所述外部储存环境为用于将所述可固化密封剂维持在至少部分未固化状态的无氧或低氧环境。
7.如权利要求1所述的物品，其中，所述外部储存环境为用于将所述可固化密封剂维持在至少部分未固化状态的无水分或低水分环境。
8.如权利要求2所述的物品，其中，所述外部储存环境被维持在低于或等于0℃的温度。
9.如权利要求2所述的物品，其中，所述外部储存环境被维持在低于或等于-25℃的温度。
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Application publication date: 20210430