CN112725667B - Manufacturing method of integrated hub, aluminum alloy material for manufacturing integrated hub and mold - Google Patents
Manufacturing method of integrated hub, aluminum alloy material for manufacturing integrated hub and mold Download PDFInfo
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- CN112725667B CN112725667B CN202011532946.4A CN202011532946A CN112725667B CN 112725667 B CN112725667 B CN 112725667B CN 202011532946 A CN202011532946 A CN 202011532946A CN 112725667 B CN112725667 B CN 112725667B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
- C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D18/00—Pressure casting; Vacuum casting
- B22D18/02—Pressure casting making use of mechanical pressure devices, e.g. cast-forging
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
- B22D27/04—Influencing the temperature of the metal, e.g. by heating or cooling the mould
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/047—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of vehicle hub equipment, and discloses a manufacturing method of an integrated hub, an aluminum alloy material for preparing the integrated hub and a die, wherein the manufacturing method of the integrated hub mainly comprises the following steps: aluminum alloy component preparation, aluminum ingot melting, deslagging and degassing, liquid die forging, spinning, solid solution quenching and aging treatment. According to the invention, the liquid fluidity, the homogenization of liquid components and the grain refinement of the material are improved by adjusting the proportion of Si, Ti and Sr elements, the mechanical performance of liquid forming is improved, then a new liquid forging die is designed according to the special shape of the integrated hub containing the shaft head, the cooling mode of the die is optimized, the spinning process is added, the problem that the existing liquid die forging process is not suitable for the production of the integrated product of the shaft head and the hub is solved, and the overall performance of the hub is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of vehicle hub equipment, and relates to a manufacturing method of an integrated hub, an aluminum alloy material for manufacturing the integrated hub and a mold.
Background
The wheel hub and various shaft heads are the most important safety parts on the commercial automobile, and the front, middle and rear wheels of the commercial automobile are mainly assembled by two key structural components of the wheel hub and the shaft heads. The axle head is mainly divided into three types of steering, driving and supporting bridge type, and each bridge type axle head has different structures according to the functional requirements, but has strict requirements on mechanical properties.
At present, the shaft heads of various commercial vehicles in China are mostly made of nodular cast iron, the weight is heavy, the energy consumption is high, foreign countries such as the developed countries of the United states and Europe have long replaced products made of aluminum alloy, the popularization rate can reach more than 50%, and the popularization of the shaft heads of various commercial vehicles is greatly increased.
The hub product and the spindle nose product in the existing market need to be assembled together for use, not only need higher machining precision, still need the screw connection fastening, the assembly process is complicated, production efficiency is slow, it is very necessary to make the product of a spindle nose and wheel hub integral type, but the present mature wheel hub manufacturing process is all to wheel hub that spoke and rim are integrative, like the chinese patent with publication number CN106636798B, a 6061 material commercial car aluminum alloy wheel hub liquid die forging process method is disclosed, mainly include the following steps: optimizing alloy components, smelting, purifying melt, performing liquid die forging forming, demolding, trimming, tapping, performing heat treatment strengthening, machining and performing surface treatment. According to the invention, the vehicle hub is prepared by optimizing the components of each element in the 6061 alloy, adding a proper amount of rare earth elements Gd, Sm and Hf in a matching manner and combining a liquid die forging process, the metallographic structure of the alloy is improved by optimizing the chemical components of the alloy and a melt purification technology, and the internal defects of shrinkage cavities, looseness, air holes, cracks and the like in the product are greatly eliminated. However, the method cannot be directly applied to the production of an integrated hub product containing the shaft head, the integrated hub has a large volume, the thicknesses of the spoke, the rim and the shaft head are different, and the conventional liquid die forging cannot meet the cooling uniformity of all parts of the hub, so that the internal defects of shrinkage, looseness, air holes, cracks and the like are caused; in particular, the H-shaped hub is small in the middle and large on two sides, the static pressure of liquid die forging can only act on half of the rim, and the pressure cannot be transmitted to the other half of the rim, so that the performance of the rim is reduced. Therefore, the existing liquid die forging process cannot meet the production requirement of the integrated hub.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention aims to solve the problem that the existing liquid die forging process is not suitable for producing integrated products of a shaft head and a hub, and provides a manufacturing method of an integrated hub, an aluminum alloy material for manufacturing the integrated hub and a die.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the aluminum alloy material for the integrated hub comprises the following elements in percentage by mass: mg: 0.8-1.2 parts; si: 0.68-0.78 parts; cu: 0.15-0.21 part; cr: 0.14-0.20 part; mn: 0.05-0.15 part; ti: 0.10-0.20 part; fe: less than or equal to 0.12 portion; zn: less than or equal to 0.05 portion; sr: 0.012-0.024 parts; the balance of Al; has the advantages that: by adjusting the proportion of Si, Ti and Sr elements, the liquid fluidity, the homogenization of liquid components and the grain refinement of the material are improved, and the mechanical property of liquid forming is improved, so that the material is more suitable for a liquid die forging process.
A method of manufacturing an integral hub, comprising the steps of:
A. aluminum alloy component blending: blending the proportion of each element in the material; wherein the mass content of each element is as follows: mg: 0.8-1.2 parts; si: 0.68-0.78 parts; cu: 0.15-0.21 part; cr: 0.14-0.20 part; mn: 0.05-0.15 part; ti: 0.10-0.20 part; fe: less than or equal to 0.12 portion; zn: less than or equal to 0.05 portion; sr: 0.012-0.024 parts; the balance of Al; making into aluminum ingots;
B. melting an aluminum ingot: melting the aluminum ingot in a melting furnace, and preserving heat;
C. deslagging and degassing: adding a deslagging agent into the aluminum alloy liquid in the melting furnace to carry out deslagging operation, and then introducing high-purity argon or nitrogen to carry out dehydrogenation operation;
D. liquid die forging:
the first stage is as follows: pouring the melt into a liquid forging die: the pouring temperature is 700-710 ℃, the preheating temperature of the die is 300-350 ℃, and single blank is poured accurately and quantitatively;
and a second stage: and (3) fast die assembly: the time for closing the die and filling the die is 15-20 seconds, the pressure is changed from the moment that the bottom surface of the upper die just contacts the molten liquid in the die cavity to 180bar, and the speed is 1-2 mm/s;
and a third stage: and (3) pressure maintaining process: gradually reducing the pressure to 0 at a pressurizing speed of 0.5-0.8 mm/s, wherein the pressure is 260-280 bar, and the pressure is maintained;
a fourth stage: and (3) rapid cooling: when the pressure reaches a set value, rapidly cooling the liquid forging die;
the fifth stage: opening the die, and removing the material of the wheel hub blank; the hub blank comprises a shaft head, a spoke and a rim;
E. spinning: d, placing the hub blank prepared in the step D into a spinning machine for spinning; spinning pressure is 100kN, and temperature is 380 ℃;
F. solution quenching: d, putting the hub in the step D into a solid solution furnace for solid solution treatment, and then performing water quenching treatment;
G. aging treatment: and F, placing the hub in the aging furnace for aging treatment.
The principle of the basic scheme is as follows: by adjusting the proportion of Si, Ti and Sr elements, the liquid fluidity, the homogenization of liquid components and the grain refinement of the material are improved, and the mechanical property of liquid forming is improved; a rapid cooling mode is adopted in liquid die forging, so that hub crystal grains are not easy to grow, and a spinning process is adopted to spin the rim, so that the rim structure is compact.
The beneficial effect of this basic scheme lies in: by adjusting the proportion of Si, Ti and Sr elements, the liquid fluidity, the homogenization of liquid components and the grain refinement of the material are improved, and the mechanical property of liquid forming is improved; a rapid cooling mode is adopted in liquid die forging, so that hub crystal grains are not easy to grow, internal defects such as shrinkage cavities, looseness, air holes and cracks are reduced, a spinning process is adopted for spinning the rim, and the mechanical performance of the rim is improved.
Further, in the fourth stage of the step D, the liquid forging die comprises an upper die, a lower die and a side die; the upper die cooling process comprises the following steps: cooling with water mist for 20s, then cooling with water for 10s, and then cooling with water mist for 110 s; the side die cooling process comprises the following steps: cooling by water mist for 30 s; the lower die cooling process comprises the following steps: firstly, water mist cooling is carried out for 10s, then water cooling is carried out for 15s, and then air cooling is carried out for 90s, so that the beneficial effects are as follows: the upper die, the lower die and the side die respectively adopt different cooling modes, so that all parts of the hub are cooled uniformly and have good consistency.
Further, in the step F, the solid solution temperature is 530-540 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 340-380 min; quenching for 60 seconds at the water temperature of 50-60 ℃, and has the following beneficial effects: better mechanical properties are obtained by solution quenching.
Further, in the step G, the aging temperature is 155-165 ℃, the aging time is 280-320 min, and the beneficial effects are as follows: and the stress of the blank is released, and the deformation is reduced.
A liquid forging die for producing an integrated hub comprises an upper die plate, a lower die plate, an upper die arranged on the upper die plate, a lower die arranged on the lower die plate, a side die and a side die plate; the side die is sleeved in the side die plate; the upper die and the lower die are arranged in the side die; be equipped with side forms cooling chamber between side forms and the side forms board, be equipped with the side forms cooling tube on the side forms board, the side forms cooling tube communicates with each other with side forms cooling chamber, beneficial effect: improve to integral type wheel hub special shape, add side forms and side forms cooling chamber in the liquid forging mould for integral type wheel hub's rim part can cool off fast, promotes mechanical properties.
Further, it is equipped with the mould cooling tube, the lower mould is equipped with the lower mould cooling tube to go up the mould, all is equipped with the nozzle that sprays coolant on mould cooling tube and the lower mould cooling tube, beneficial effect: and a cooling medium is sprayed on the die by a nozzle, so that the die is uniformly cooled.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: aiming at the integrated hub, the liquid fluidity, the homogenization of liquid components and the grain refinement of the material are improved by adjusting the proportion of Si, Ti and Sr elements, and the mechanical property of liquid forming is improved, so that the integrated hub is more suitable for a liquid die forging process; and a side die cooling cavity are additionally arranged in the liquid forging die, and a rapid cooling mode is adopted, so that all parts of the hub are uniformly cooled, the crystal grains of the hub are not easy to grow, the internal defects of shrinkage, looseness, air holes, cracks and the like are reduced, the spinning process is adopted to spin the rim, and the mechanical performance of the rim is improved.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention may be realized and attained by the means of the instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out hereinafter.
Drawings
For the purposes of promoting a better understanding of the objects, aspects and advantages of the invention, reference will now be made to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a liquid forging die according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of the integrated hub of FIG. 1;
reference numerals: 1-upper template; 2-a lower template; 3, molding the die; 4-side molding; 5-lower mould; 6-material returning ring; 7-hub blank; 8-side template; 9-side mold cooling tubes; 10-side mold cooling cavity; 11-lower die cooling tube; 12-upper die cooling pipe; 13-upper mold cooling nozzle; 14-lower mold cooling nozzle; 71-a shaft head; 72-spokes; 73-rim.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to specific embodiments, and other advantages and effects of the present invention will be easily understood by those skilled in the art from the disclosure of the present specification. The invention is capable of other and different embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways, and its several details are capable of modification in various respects, all without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. It should be noted that the drawings provided in the following embodiments are only for illustrating the basic idea of the present invention in a schematic way, and the features in the following embodiments and examples may be combined with each other without conflict.
Wherein the showings are for the purpose of illustrating the invention only and not for the purpose of limiting the same, and in which there is shown by way of illustration only and not in the drawings in which there is no intention to limit the invention thereto; to better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
The same or similar reference numerals in the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if there is an orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", etc., based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, it is only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but it is not an indication or suggestion that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and therefore, the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only used for illustrative purposes, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention, and the specific meaning of the terms may be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
Example 1
A method of manufacturing an integral hub, comprising the steps of:
A. aluminum alloy component blending: blending the proportion of each element in the aluminum alloy material; wherein the proportion of each element is as follows: mg: 0.8 part; si: 0.68 parts; cu: 0.15 part; cr: 0.14 part; mn: 0.05 part; ti: 0.10 part; fe: less than or equal to 0.12 portion; zn: less than or equal to 0.05 portion; sr: 0.012 part; the balance of Al; making into aluminum ingots;
B. melting an aluminum ingot: melting the aluminum ingot in a melting furnace, and preserving heat;
C. deslagging and degassing: adding a deslagging agent into the aluminum alloy liquid in the melting furnace to carry out deslagging operation, and then introducing high-purity argon or nitrogen to carry out dehydrogenation operation;
D. liquid die forging:
referring to fig. 1 to 2, a liquid forging die used in this embodiment includes an upper die plate 1, a lower die plate 2, an upper die 3, a lower die 5, a side die 4, and a side die plate 8, wherein the upper die 3 is mounted on the upper die plate 1, and the lower die 5 is mounted on the lower die plate 2; the side die 4 is sleeved in the side die plate 8; the upper die 3 and the lower die 5 are both arranged in the side die 4, a side die cooling cavity 10 is arranged between the side die 4 and the side die plate 8, a side die cooling pipe 9 is arranged on the side die plate 8, and the side die cooling pipe 9 is communicated with the side die cooling cavity 10; the hub blank 7 is positioned among the upper die 3, the lower die 5 and the side die 4, and the hub blank 7 consists of a shaft head 71, a spoke 72 and a rim 73; wherein, the upper die 3 is provided with an upper die cooling pipe 12, the lower die 5 is provided with a lower die cooling pipe 11, the upper die cooling pipe 12 is provided with an upper die cooling nozzle 13, the lower die cooling pipe 11 is provided with a lower die cooling nozzle 14, and the upper die 3 is also sleeved with a material returning ring 6.
The liquid die forging comprises the following three stages:
the first stage is as follows: pouring the melt into a liquid forging die: the pouring temperature is 700 ℃, the preheating temperature of the die is 300 ℃, and the single billet is precisely and quantitatively poured;
and a second stage: and (3) fast die assembly: the upper die 3 approaches to the lower die 5 and the side die 4, the time for closing and filling the die is 15 seconds, the pressure is changed from the moment that the bottom surface of the upper die 3 just contacts with the molten liquid in the die cavity to 180bar, and the speed is 1 mm/s;
and a third stage: and (3) pressure maintaining process: gradually reducing the pressure to 0 at a pressurizing speed of 0.5mm/s, and keeping the pressure at 260bar to reach the pressure maintaining pressure;
a fourth stage: and (3) rapid cooling: when the pressure reaches a set value, rapidly cooling the liquid forging die; wherein, the cooling process of the upper die 3 is as follows: cooling with water mist for 20s, then cooling with water for 10s, and then cooling with water mist for 110 s; the cooling process of the side die 4 is as follows: cooling by water mist for 30 s; the cooling process of the lower die 5 is as follows: cooling with water mist for 10s, then cooling with water for 15s, and then cooling with air for 90 s;
the fifth stage: opening the mold: the upper die 3 moves upwards, and the material returning ring 6 blocks the hub blank 7 to enable the hub blank to fall off from the upper die 3;
E. spinning: putting the blank 7 of the hub blank obtained in the step D into a spinning machine to spin the rim 73; spinning pressure is 100kN, and temperature is 380 ℃;
F. solution quenching: d, putting the hub in the step D into a solid solution furnace for solid solution treatment, and then performing water quenching treatment; the solid solution temperature is 530 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 340 min; quenching at 50 ℃ for 60 seconds;
G. aging treatment: putting the hub in the step F into an aging furnace for aging treatment; the aging temperature is 155 ℃, and the aging time is 280 min.
The mechanical properties of the prepared wheel hub were measured and shown in table 1:
TABLE 1
| Location of a body part | Tensile strength | Yield strength | Elongation percentage | Hardness of |
| Spoke for wheel | 337MPa | 285Mpa | 8.5％ | HB99 |
| Outer wheel rim | 345MPa | 295Mpa | 12.0％ | HB100 |
| Wheel rim | 358MPa | 305Mpa | 13.0％ | HB112 |
| Inner rim | 361MPa | 310Mpa | 12.5％ | HB113 |
Example 2
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
A. aluminum alloy component blending: blending the proportion of each element in the aluminum alloy; wherein the 6061 aluminum alloy comprises the following elements in proportion: mg: 1.0 part; si: 0.72 part; cu: 0.18 part; cr: 0.17 part; mn: 0.1 part; ti: 0.15 part; fe: less than or equal to 0.12 portion; zn: less than or equal to 0.05 portion; sr: 0.018 parts by weight; the balance of Al; making into aluminum ingots;
B. melting an aluminum ingot: melting the aluminum ingot in a melting furnace, and preserving heat;
C. deslagging and degassing: adding a deslagging agent into the aluminum alloy liquid in the melting furnace to carry out deslagging operation, and then introducing high-purity argon or nitrogen to carry out dehydrogenation operation;
D. liquid die forging: the liquid forging die in example 1 was used;
the first stage is as follows: pouring the melt into a liquid forging die: the pouring temperature is 705 ℃, the preheating temperature of the die is 330 ℃, and single billets are accurately and quantitatively poured;
and a second stage: and (3) fast die assembly: the time for closing the mold and filling the mold is 18 seconds, the pressure is changed from the moment that the bottom surface of the upper mold 3 just contacts the melt in the mold cavity to 180bar, and the speed is 1.5 mm/s;
and a third stage: and (3) pressure maintaining process: gradually reducing the pressure to 0 at a pressurizing speed of 0.6mm/s, and keeping the pressure at 270bar to reach the pressure maintaining pressure;
a fourth stage: and (3) rapid cooling: when the pressure reaches a set value, rapidly cooling the liquid forging die; wherein, the cooling process of the upper die 3 is as follows: cooling with water mist for 20s, then cooling with water for 10s, and then cooling with water mist for 110 s; the cooling process of the side die 4 is as follows: cooling by water mist for 30 s; the cooling process of the lower die 5 is as follows: cooling with water mist for 10s, then cooling with water for 15s, and then cooling with air for 90 s;
the fifth stage: opening the mold: the upper die 3 moves upwards, and the material returning ring 6 blocks the hub blank 7 to enable the hub blank to fall off from the upper die 3;
E. spinning: putting the blank 7 of the hub blank obtained in the step D into a spinning machine to spin the rim 73; spinning pressure is 100kN, and temperature is 380 ℃;
F. solution quenching: d, putting the hub in the step D into a solid solution furnace for solid solution treatment, and then performing water quenching treatment; the solid solution temperature is 535 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 360 min; quenching at 55 deg.C for 60 s;
G. aging treatment: putting the hub in the step F into an aging furnace for aging treatment; the aging temperature is 160 ℃, and the aging time is 300 min.
The mechanical properties of the prepared wheel hub were measured and shown in table 2:
TABLE 2
| Location of a body part | Tensile strength | Yield strength | Elongation percentage | Hardness of |
| Spoke for wheel | 333MPa | 281Mpa | 9.5％ | HB101 |
| Outer wheel rim | 342MPa | 290Mpa | 12.5％ | HB100 |
| Wheel rim | 355MPa | 301Mpa | 13.0％ | HB110 |
| Inner rim | 362MPa | 310Mpa | 12.5％ | HB109 |
Example 3
The embodiment comprises the following steps:
A. aluminum alloy component blending: blending the proportion of each element in the aluminum alloy; wherein the 6061 aluminum alloy comprises the following elements in proportion: mg: 1.2 parts; si: 0.78 part; cu: 0.21 part; cr: 0.20 part; mn: 0.15 part; ti: 0.20 part; fe: less than or equal to 0.12 portion; zn: less than or equal to 0.05 portion; sr: 0.024 parts; the balance of Al; making into aluminum ingots;
B. melting an aluminum ingot: melting a 6061 aluminum ingot in a melting furnace, and preserving heat;
C. deslagging and degassing: adding a deslagging agent into the aluminum alloy liquid in the melting furnace to carry out deslagging operation, and then introducing high-purity argon or nitrogen to carry out dehydrogenation operation;
D. liquid die forging: the liquid forging die in example 1 was used;
the first stage is as follows: pouring the melt into a liquid forging die: the pouring temperature is 710 ℃, the preheating temperature of the die is 350 ℃, and single blank is precisely and quantitatively poured;
and a second stage: and (3) fast die assembly: the time for closing the mold and filling the mold is 20 seconds, the pressure is changed from the moment that the bottom surface of the upper mold 3 just contacts with the melt in the mold cavity to 180bar, and the speed is 2 mm/s;
and a third stage: and (3) pressure maintaining process: gradually reducing the pressure to 0 at a pressurizing speed of 0.8mm/s, wherein the pressure is 280bar, and reaching the pressure maintaining pressure;
a fourth stage: and (3) rapid cooling: when the pressure reaches a set value, rapidly cooling the liquid forging die; wherein, the cooling process of the upper die 3 is as follows: cooling with water mist for 20s, then cooling with water for 10s, and then cooling with water mist for 110 s; the cooling process of the side die 4 is as follows: a fifth stage of cooling by water mist for 30 s: opening the mold: the upper die 3 moves upwards, and the material returning ring 6 blocks the hub blank 7 to enable the hub blank to fall off from the upper die 3;
E. spinning: putting the blank 7 of the hub blank obtained in the step D into a spinning machine to spin the rim 73; spinning pressure is 100kN, and temperature is 380 ℃;
F. solution quenching: d, putting the hub in the step D into a solid solution furnace for solid solution treatment, and then performing water quenching treatment; the solid solution temperature is 540 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 380 min; quenching at 60 ℃ for 60 seconds;
G. aging treatment: putting the hub in the step F into an aging furnace for aging treatment; the aging temperature is 165 ℃, and the aging time is 320 min.
The mechanical properties of the prepared wheel hub were measured and shown in table 3:
TABLE 3
| Location of a body part | Tensile strength | Yield strength | Elongation percentage | Hardness of |
| Spoke for wheel | 342MPa | 282Mpa | 10.5％ | HB103 |
| Outer wheel rim | 346MPa | 291Mpa | 11.5％ | HB101 |
| Wheel rim | 358MPa | 305Mpa | 13.0％ | HB106 |
| Inner rim | 363MPa | 313Mpa | 13.0％ | HB102 |
Comparative examples
The difference between the comparative example and the example 1 is that the aluminum alloy material adopts 6061 aluminum alloy material in CN106636798B, and the mass content of each element is as follows: si: 0.6 part; fe: 0.12 part; cu: 0.2 part; mg: 0.9 part; cr: 0.12 part; al: 95-98 parts, controlling other single impurities in 6061 aluminum alloy to be less than 0.05 part, and adding Gd: 0.35 part; sm: 0.18 part; hf: 0.5 part; the remaining implementation steps are the same as in example 1.
The mechanical properties of the prepared wheel hub were measured and are shown in table 4:
TABLE 4
| Location of a body part | Tensile strength | Yield strength | Elongation percentage | Hardness of | |
| Spoke for | 330MPa | 287MPa | 11％ | HB110 | |
| Outer wheel rim | 316MPa | 271MPa | 10％ | HB109 | |
| Wheel | 302MPa | 278MPa | 11％ | HB108 | |
| Inner rim | 308MPa | 261MPa | 10％ | HB104 |
Comparing tables 1, 2, 3 and 4, the integrated hub prepared by the aluminum alloy material and the manufacturing method provided by the invention has improved comprehensive properties, wherein the indexes of the rim and the inner rim are improved in a larger range.
Finally, the above embodiments are only intended to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and not to limit the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions may be made on the technical solutions of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions, and all of them should be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A manufacturing method of an integrated hub is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A. aluminum alloy component blending: blending the proportion of each element in the aluminum alloy; wherein the mass content of each element is as follows: mg: 0.8-1.2 parts; si: 0.68-0.78 parts; cu: 0.15-0.21 part; cr: 0.14-0.20 part; mn: 0.05-0.15 part; ti: 0.10-0.20 part; fe: less than or equal to 0.12 portion; zn: less than or equal to 0.05 portion; sr: 0.012-0.024 parts; the balance of Al; making into aluminum ingots;
B. melting an aluminum ingot: melting the aluminum ingot in a melting furnace, and preserving heat;
C. deslagging and degassing: adding a deslagging agent into the aluminum alloy liquid in the melting furnace to carry out deslagging operation, and then introducing high-purity argon or nitrogen to carry out dehydrogenation operation;
D. liquid die forging:
the first stage is as follows: pouring the melt into a liquid forging die: the pouring temperature is 700-710 ℃, the preheating temperature of the die is 300-350 ℃, and single blank is poured accurately and quantitatively;
and a second stage: and (3) fast die assembly: the time for closing the die and filling the die is 15-20 seconds, the pressure is changed from the moment that the bottom surface of the upper die just contacts the molten liquid in the die cavity to 180bar, and the speed is 1-2 mm/s;
and a third stage: and (3) pressure maintaining process: gradually reducing the pressure to 0 at a pressurizing speed of 0.5-0.8 mm/s, wherein the pressure is 260-280 bar, and the pressure is maintained;
a fourth stage: and (3) rapid cooling: when the pressure reaches a set value, rapidly cooling the liquid forging die; the liquid forging die comprises an upper die, a lower die and a side die; the upper die cooling process comprises the following steps: cooling with water mist for 20s, then cooling with water for 10s, and then cooling with water mist for 110 s; the side die cooling process comprises the following steps: cooling by water mist for 30 s; the lower die cooling process comprises the following steps: cooling with water mist for 10s, then cooling with water for 15s, and then cooling with air for 90 s;
the fifth stage: opening the die, and removing the material of the wheel hub blank; the hub blank comprises a shaft head, a spoke and a rim;
E. spinning: putting the hub blank prepared in the step D into a spinning machine for spinning; spinning pressure is 100kN, and temperature is 380 ℃;
F. solution quenching: putting the hub prepared in the step E into a solid solution furnace for solid solution treatment, and then performing water quenching treatment; wherein the solid solution temperature is 530-540 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 340-380 min; quenching for 60 seconds at the water temperature of 50-60 ℃;
G. aging treatment: putting the hub in the step F into an aging furnace for aging treatment; wherein the aging temperature is 155-165 ℃, and the aging time is 280-320 min.
2. The method of manufacturing an integral hub of claim 1, wherein: the liquid forging die further comprises an upper die plate, a lower die plate and a side die plate, wherein the upper die plate is arranged on the upper die plate, the lower die plate is arranged on the lower die plate, and the side die plate is sleeved in the side die plate; the upper die and the lower die are arranged in the side die; and a side die cooling cavity is arranged between the side die and the side die plate, a side die cooling pipe is arranged on the side die plate, and the side die cooling pipe is communicated with the side die cooling cavity.
3. The method of manufacturing an integral hub of claim 2, wherein: the upper die is provided with an upper die cooling pipe, the lower die is provided with a lower die cooling pipe, and nozzles for spraying cooling media are arranged on the upper die cooling pipe and the lower die cooling pipe.
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