CN111057916A - Novel aluminum alloy forging material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Novel aluminum alloy forging material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111057916A CN111057916A CN201911355653.0A CN201911355653A CN111057916A CN 111057916 A CN111057916 A CN 111057916A CN 201911355653 A CN201911355653 A CN 201911355653A CN 111057916 A CN111057916 A CN 111057916A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
- C22C21/06—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent
- C22C21/08—Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
- C22C1/026—Alloys based on aluminium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/06—Making non-ferrous alloys with the use of special agents for refining or deoxidising
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/002—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working by rapid cooling or quenching; cooling agents used therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C22F1/047—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon of alloys with magnesium as the next major constituent
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of aluminum alloy casting for automobiles, and particularly relates to a novel aluminum alloy forging material and a preparation method thereof. The aluminum alloy forging material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: si: 0.7 to 0.9 percent; fe: 0.1 to 0.4 percent; cu: less than or equal to 0.05 percent; mn: 0.4% -1.0%; mg: 0.9 to 1.2 percent; zn: less than or equal to 0.05 percent; ti: less than or equal to 0.1 percent; sr: 0.1 to 0.3 percent; the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities. The aluminum alloy forging material can improve the weldability of the alloy by controlling the content of Si, and can improve the corrosion resistance of the alloy by controlling the lower content of Cu and Zn.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a novel aluminum alloy forging material and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the field of aluminum alloy casting for automobiles.
Background
In recent 20 years, the worldwide energy problem becomes more and more serious, so that the reduction of the self weight and the oil consumption of automobiles become the key for improving the competitive capacity of various automobile manufacturers. The aluminum has the characteristics of small density, good corrosion resistance and the like, the aluminum alloy has excellent plasticity, and the casting, forging and stamping processes are all suitable, so that the aluminum alloy is most suitable for the die casting process for producing automobile parts. Aluminum alloys have become an indispensable important material for automobile production, compared with several aspects such as production cost, part quality, material utilization, and the like.
At present, most of novel aluminum alloy forging materials for passenger cars are 6082 alloy, although the alloy conforms to the aluminum alloy for passenger cars, the alloy can not meet the requirement of high standard along with the evaluation of the requirements on the aspects of use purpose, part shape, size precision, quantity, quality standard, welding performance, strength, corrosion resistance and the like and the economic benefit, and therefore, the development of a novel aluminum alloy forging material is urgently needed on the basis of the 6082 alloy.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention has been made in view of the above problems occurring in the prior art, and an object of the present invention is to provide an aluminum alloy forged material for automobiles, which is excellent in weldability, strength and corrosion resistance.
The above object of the present invention can be achieved by the following technical solutions: a novel aluminum alloy forging material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: si: 0.7 to 0.9 percent; fe: 0.1 to 0.4 percent; cu: less than or equal to 0.05 percent; mn: 0.4% -1.0%; mg: 0.9 to 1.2 percent; zn: less than or equal to 0.05 percent; ti: less than or equal to 0.1 percent; sr: 0.1 to 0.3 percent; the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities.
The invention controls the Si content in the range of 0.7-0.9%, can improve the weldability of the alloy, and simultaneously controls the Cu content to be less than or equal to 0.05%, the Zn content to be less than or equal to 0.05%: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, and the corrosion resistance of the alloy can be improved by lower Cu and Zn contents.
Preferably, the aluminum alloy forging material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: si: 0.8 to 0.9 percent; fe: 0.1 to 0.3 percent; cu: less than or equal to 0.03 percent; mn: 0.4 to 0.7 percent; mg: 0.9% -1.1%; zn: less than or equal to 0.03 percent; ti: less than or equal to 0.6 percent; sr: 0.2% -0.3%; the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities.
Further preferably, the aluminum alloy forging material further comprises Er: 0.1-0.3%, Cr: 0.1% -0.3%, Sc: 0.1 to 0.3 percent of one or more. The raw material components can refine the alloy structure, form second phase particle reinforcement, avoid recrystallization of the material after heat treatment, and are beneficial to further improving the strength, impact property and fatigue resistance of the alloy.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing the above aluminum alloy forged material, comprising the steps of:
s1: weighing raw materials according to the weight percentage of each component, and smelting the raw materials into alloy liquid;
s2: by using N2Mixing with a powdery refining agent, blowing the mixture into the molten alloy for degassing and refining, and slagging off;
s3: pouring the refined alloy liquid into a casting mould to obtain an aluminum alloy casting bar;
s4: carrying out 100% online phased array ultrasonic flaw detection on the aluminum alloy casting bar;
s5: carrying out homogenizing annealing treatment on the aluminum alloy cast bar subjected to flaw detection at 480-530 ℃ for 6-12 hours, and air-cooling to room temperature;
s6: forging and forming the aluminum alloy after the homogenizing annealing;
s7: and carrying out T6 heat treatment on the forged product to finally obtain the aluminum alloy forged material.
Preferably, the temperature for smelting the raw material in the step S1 is 745-760 ℃. For the invention, when the smelting temperature is lower than 745 ℃, the smelting is not beneficial to the dissolution of alloy elements and the discharge of gas and inclusions, the tendency of forming segregation, cold shut and under-casting is increased, and the casting cannot be reasonably fed due to insufficient heat of a riser; however, when the smelting temperature is higher than 760 ℃, hydrogen absorption is increased, crystal grains are coarse, aluminum oxidation is more serious, and the burning loss of part of alloy elements is more serious.
Preferably, in step S2, the powdered refining agent is silicon tetrafluoride. The silicon tetrafluoride is easily decomposed at high temperature, and the decomposed product is combined with hydrogen to form silicofluoric acid, so that better purifying and degassing effects are achieved.
Preferably, in the step S2, the hydrogen content of the alloy liquid is controlled to be 0.08-0.15 ml/100 g. The hydrogen content in the alloy liquid is controlled within the range, so that the existence of inclusions in the alloy liquid can be greatly reduced, and purer alloy liquid is obtained, so that the probability of internal defects of the aluminum alloy cast bar during subsequent ultrasonic flaw detection is reduced.
Preferably, the ultrasonic flaw detection speed in step S4 is 1 to 3 m/S. The internal conditions of the aluminum alloy casting bar can be comprehensively checked through the ultrasonic flaw detection speed range, so that the defect of the internal parts of the aluminum alloy casting bar is ensured, and the follow-up operation is facilitated.
Preferably, the forging and forming process in step S6 includes: preheating the annealed aluminum alloy at 450-540 ℃ for 1-3 hours, pre-forging and finish forging at 380-500 ℃ to obtain a product with burrs, and trimming the product with burrs.
Preferably, the T6 heat treatment in step S7 specifically comprises the following steps: carrying out solid solution treatment for 5-22 hours at 465-560 ℃; the delay time is less than 30 seconds, and quenching treatment is carried out at the temperature of below 90 ℃; carrying out artificial aging treatment on the quenched forging material for 4-20 hours at 170-250 ℃; and cooling to room temperature to obtain the aluminum alloy forging material. The invention can obtain forged materials with strength, welding performance and corrosion resistance suitable for manufacturing lightweight automobiles by heat treatment under the condition.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the novel aluminum alloy forging material can improve the weldability of the alloy by controlling the content of Si, and can improve the corrosion resistance of the alloy by controlling the lower content of Cu and Zn. The strength, impact property and fatigue resistance of the alloy are further improved by adding Er, Cr and Sc.
2. The preparation process is compact in connection, simple and easy to operate, and the obtained forged material product is suitable for manufacturing light automobiles in terms of welding performance, strength and corrosion resistance, and can meet the requirement of industrial mass production.
Detailed Description
The following are specific examples of the present invention and illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention for further description, but the present invention is not limited to these examples. Unless otherwise specified, the raw materials used in the examples of the present invention are all those commonly used in the art, and the methods used are all those conventionally used in the art.
Example 1
A novel aluminum alloy forging material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: si: 0.7%%; fe: 0.1%%; cu: 0.01 percent; mn: 0.4 percent; mg: 0.9 percent; zn: 0.01 percent; ti: 0.02 percent; sr: 0.1 percent; the balance of Al and inevitable impurities;
the preparation method of the aluminum alloy forging material comprises the following steps:
s1: weighing raw materials according to the weight percentage of each component, and smelting the raw materials into alloy liquid at 745 ℃;
s2: by using N2Mixing with silicon tetrafluoride, blowing into the alloy liquid for degassing and refining, and slagging off; controlling the hydrogen content in the alloy liquid to be 0.08ml/100 g;
s3: pouring the refined alloy liquid into a casting mould to obtain an aluminum alloy casting bar;
s4: carrying out 100% online phased array ultrasonic flaw detection on the aluminum alloy casting bar, wherein the ultrasonic flaw detection speed is 1 m/s;
s5: carrying out homogenization annealing treatment on the aluminum alloy cast bar subjected to flaw detection at 480 ℃ for 6 hours, and air-cooling to room temperature;
s6: preheating the annealed aluminum alloy at 450 ℃ for 1 hour, performing pre-forging and finish forging at 380 ℃ to obtain a product with burrs, and performing edge cutting treatment on the product with burrs;
s7: carrying out solid solution treatment on the forged product at 465 ℃ for 5 hours; the delay time is 5 seconds, and the quenching treatment is carried out at 60 ℃; carrying out artificial aging treatment on the quenched forging material for 4 hours at 170 ℃; and cooling to room temperature to obtain the aluminum alloy forging material.
Example 2
A novel aluminum alloy forging material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: si: 0.75 percent; fe: 0.2 percent; cu: 0.02 percent; mn: 0.5 percent; mg: 0.95 percent; zn: 0.02 percent; ti: 0.03 percent; sr: 0.15 percent; er: 0.1 percent; the balance of Al and inevitable impurities;
the preparation method of the aluminum alloy forging material comprises the following steps:
s1: weighing the raw materials according to the weight percentage of each component, and smelting the raw materials into alloy liquid at 750 ℃;
s2: by using N2Mixing with silicon tetrafluoride, blowing into the alloy liquid for degassingRefining and slagging off; controlling the hydrogen content in the alloy liquid to be 0.09ml/100 g;
s3: pouring the refined alloy liquid into a casting mould to obtain an aluminum alloy casting bar;
s4: carrying out 100% online phased array ultrasonic flaw detection on the aluminum alloy casting bar, wherein the ultrasonic flaw detection speed is 1.5 m/s;
s5: carrying out homogenization annealing treatment on the aluminum alloy cast bar subjected to flaw detection at 490 ℃ for 7 hours, and air-cooling to room temperature;
s6: preheating the annealed aluminum alloy at 460 ℃ for 1.5 hours, performing pre-forging and fine forging at 385 ℃ to obtain a product with burrs, and performing edge cutting treatment on the product with burrs;
s7: carrying out solid solution treatment on the forged product at 480 ℃ for 8 hours; the delay time is 8 seconds, and the quenching treatment is carried out at 65 ℃; carrying out artificial aging treatment on the quenched forging material for 6 hours at 180 ℃; and cooling to room temperature to obtain the aluminum alloy forging material.
Example 3
A novel aluminum alloy forging material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: si: 0.8 percent; fe: 0.25 percent; cu: 0.03 percent; mn: 0.7 percent; mg: 1.0 percent; zn: 0.03 percent; ti: 0.05 percent; sr: 0.2 percent; er: 0.2%, Cr: 0.2%, Sc: 0.2 percent; the balance of Al and inevitable impurities;
the preparation method of the aluminum alloy forging material comprises the following steps:
s1: weighing raw materials according to the weight percentage of each component, and smelting the raw materials into alloy liquid at 750 ℃;
s2: by using N2Mixing with silicon tetrafluoride, blowing into the alloy liquid for degassing and refining, and slagging off; controlling the hydrogen content of the alloy liquid to be 0.1ml/100 g;
s3: pouring the refined alloy liquid into a casting mould to obtain an aluminum alloy casting bar;
s4: carrying out 100% online phased array ultrasonic flaw detection on the aluminum alloy casting bar, wherein the ultrasonic flaw detection speed is 2 m/s;
s5: carrying out homogenization annealing treatment on the aluminum alloy cast bar subjected to flaw detection at 500 ℃ for 8 hours, and air-cooling to room temperature;
s6: preheating the annealed aluminum alloy at 480 ℃ for 2 hours, performing pre-forging and finish forging at 420 ℃ to obtain a product with burrs, and performing edge cutting treatment on the product with burrs;
s7: carrying out solution treatment on the forged product at 500 ℃ for 12 hours; the delay time is 10 seconds, and the quenching treatment is carried out at 70 ℃; carrying out artificial aging treatment on the quenched forged material for 12 hours at 200 ℃; and cooling to room temperature to obtain the aluminum alloy forging material.
Example 4
A novel aluminum alloy forging material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: si: 0.85 percent; fe: 0.3 percent; cu: 0.04 percent; mn: 0.9 percent; mg: 1.1 percent; zn: 0.04 percent; ti: 0.08 percent; sr: 0.25 percent; cr: 0.25%, Sc: 0.25 percent; the balance of Al and inevitable impurities;
the preparation method of the aluminum alloy forging material comprises the following steps:
s1: weighing the raw materials according to the weight percentage of each component, and smelting the raw materials into alloy liquid at 755 ℃;
s2: by using N2Mixing with silicon tetrafluoride, blowing into the alloy liquid for degassing and refining, and slagging off; controlling the hydrogen content of the alloy liquid to be 0.13ml/100 g;
s3: pouring the refined alloy liquid into a casting mould to obtain an aluminum alloy casting bar;
s4: carrying out 100% online phased array ultrasonic flaw detection on the aluminum alloy casting bar, wherein the ultrasonic flaw detection speed is 2.5 m/s;
s5: carrying out homogenization annealing treatment on the aluminum alloy cast bar subjected to flaw detection at 520 ℃ for 10 hours, and air-cooling to room temperature;
s6: preheating the annealed aluminum alloy at 520 ℃ for 2.5 hours, performing pre-forging and finish forging at 490 ℃ to obtain a product with burrs, and performing edge cutting treatment on the product with burrs;
s7: carrying out solution treatment on the forged product at 540 ℃ for 18 hours; quenching treatment is carried out at 80 ℃ within 15 seconds of delay time; carrying out artificial aging treatment on the quenched forged material for 16 hours at 230 ℃; and cooling to room temperature to obtain the aluminum alloy forging material.
Example 5
A novel aluminum alloy forging material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: si: 0.9 percent; fe: 0.4 percent; cu: 0.05 percent; mn: 1.0 percent; mg: 1.2 percent; zn: 0.05 percent; ti: 0.1 percent; sr: 0.3 percent; er: 0.3%, Sc: 0.3 percent; the balance of Al and inevitable impurities;
the preparation method of the aluminum alloy forging material comprises the following steps:
s1: weighing the raw materials according to the weight percentage of each component, and smelting the raw materials into alloy liquid at 760 ℃;
s2: by using N2Mixing with silicon tetrafluoride, blowing into the alloy liquid for degassing and refining, and slagging off; controlling the hydrogen content in the alloy liquid to be 0.15ml/100 g;
s3: pouring the refined alloy liquid into a casting mould to obtain an aluminum alloy casting bar;
s4: carrying out 100% online phased array ultrasonic flaw detection on the aluminum alloy casting bar, wherein the ultrasonic flaw detection speed is 3 m/s;
s5: carrying out homogenization annealing treatment on the aluminum alloy cast bar subjected to flaw detection at 530 ℃ for 12 hours, and air-cooling to room temperature;
s6: preheating the annealed aluminum alloy at 540 ℃ for 3 hours, performing pre-forging and finish forging at 500 ℃ to obtain a product with burrs, and performing edge cutting treatment on the product with burrs;
s7: carrying out solution treatment on the forged product for 22 hours at 560 ℃; the delay time is 25 seconds, and the quenching treatment is carried out at 90 ℃; carrying out artificial aging treatment on the quenched forged material for 20 hours at 250 ℃; and cooling to room temperature to obtain the aluminum alloy forging material.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example differs from example 3 only in that the powdered refining agent silicon tetrafluoride was not used in the refining process.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example differs from example 3 only in that the hydrogen content was not controlled during the refining.
Comparative example 3
This comparative example differs from example 3 only in that the aluminum alloy cast bar after flaw detection was not subjected to the homogenizing annealing treatment.
Comparative example 4
The comparative example differs from example 3 only in that the aluminum alloy forged material after the annealing treatment was not subjected to the T6 heat treatment.
Comparative example 5
Conventional 6082 aluminum alloy used in the prior art.
The examples 1 to 5 and the comparative examples 1 to 5 were subjected to the performance test, and the test results are shown in table 1;
table 1: results of Performance test of aluminum alloy forged materials of examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 5
The specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the spirit of the invention. Various modifications or additions may be made to the described embodiments or alternatives may be employed by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit or ambit of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
While the invention has been described in detail and with reference to specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope thereof.
Claims (10)
1. The novel aluminum alloy forging material is characterized by comprising the following components in percentage by weight: si: 0.7 to 0.9 percent; fe: 0.1 to 0.4 percent; cu: less than or equal to 0.05 percent; mn: 0.4% -1.0%; mg: 0.9 to 1.2 percent; zn: less than or equal to 0.05 percent; ti: less than or equal to 0.1 percent; sr: 0.1 to 0.3 percent; the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities.
2. The aluminum alloy forging material according to claim 1, wherein the forging material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: si: 0.8 to 0.9 percent; fe: 0.1 to 0.3 percent; cu: less than or equal to 0.03 percent; mn: 0.4 to 0.7 percent; mg: 0.9% -1.1%; zn: less than or equal to 0.03 percent; ti: less than or equal to 0.6 percent; sr: 0.2% -0.3%; the balance being Al and unavoidable impurities.
3. The aluminum alloy forging of claim 1 or 2, further comprising Er: 0.1-0.3%, Cr: 0.1% -0.3%, Sc: 0.1 to 0.3 percent of one or more.
4. A production method of the aluminum alloy forged material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising the steps of:
s1: weighing raw materials according to the weight percentage of each component, and smelting the raw materials into alloy liquid;
s2: by using N2Mixing with a powdery refining agent, blowing the mixture into the molten alloy for degassing and refining, and slagging off;
s3: pouring the refined alloy liquid into a casting mould to obtain an aluminum alloy casting bar;
s4: carrying out 100% online phased array ultrasonic flaw detection on the aluminum alloy casting bar;
s5: carrying out homogenizing annealing treatment on the aluminum alloy cast bar subjected to flaw detection at 480-530 ℃ for 6-12 hours, and air-cooling to room temperature;
s6: forging and forming the aluminum alloy after the homogenizing annealing;
s7: and carrying out T6 heat treatment on the forged product to finally obtain the aluminum alloy forged material.
5. The method for producing an aluminum alloy forging according to claim 4, wherein the temperature for melting the raw material in the step S1 is 740-760 ℃.
6. The method for producing an aluminum alloy forging according to claim 4, wherein the powdered refining agent in step S2 is silicon tetrafluoride.
7. The method of producing an aluminum alloy forged material according to claim 4, wherein the hydrogen content in the alloy liquid in step S2 is controlled to 0.08 to 0.15ml/100 g.
8. The method for producing an aluminum alloy forged material according to claim 4, wherein the ultrasonic flaw detection speed in step S4 is 1 to 3 m/S.
9. The method for producing an aluminum alloy forging according to claim 4, wherein the forging and forming in step S6 includes: preheating the annealed aluminum alloy at 450-540 ℃ for 1-3 hours, pre-forging and finish forging at 380-500 ℃ to obtain a product with burrs, and trimming the product with burrs.
10. The method for producing an aluminum alloy forging according to claim 4, wherein the T6 heat treatment in the step S7 is carried out by: carrying out solid solution treatment on the forged product at 465-560 ℃ for 5-22 hours; the delay time is less than 30 seconds, and quenching treatment is carried out at the temperature of below 90 ℃; carrying out artificial aging treatment on the quenched forging material for 4-20 hours at 170-250 ℃; and cooling to room temperature to obtain the aluminum alloy forging material.
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| CN112725667A (en) * | 2020-12-21 | 2021-04-30 | 辽宁忠相铝业有限公司 | Manufacturing method of integrated hub, aluminum alloy material for manufacturing integrated hub and mold |
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