CN105583394B - Sequential pressurization method after crystallization pressure keeping for metal mold low-pressure casting molding of aluminum alloy wheel - Google Patents
Sequential pressurization method after crystallization pressure keeping for metal mold low-pressure casting molding of aluminum alloy wheel Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sequential pressurization method after crystallization pressure keeping for metal mold low-pressure casting molding of an aluminum alloy wheel. The method continues a traditional low-pressure casting process of the aluminum alloy wheel in the phases of liquid rise, mold filling and crystallization pressurization; and the liquid rise pressure, the mold filling pressure and the crystallization pressurization pressure are controlled within 18-21 kPa, 30-35 kPa and 80-100 kPa. After the crystallization pressurization phase is performed, a sequential pressurization phase is added. After the completion of condensation of inner and outer rim parts is determined, the crystallization pressurization pressure is increased to 100-200 kPa; then, the crystallization pressure keeping pressure is sequentially adjusted according to the condensation time of rims, spoke and rims transition parts and wheel centers; and the minimum crystallization pressure keeping pressure can be increased to 310-1000 kPa. The method prominently improves the condensation feeding effect and the casting mechanical performance, prevents such defects as molten aluminum splashing and casting flanges and burrs, and prominently reduces the requirements on the mold structure and the casting mold clamping force.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method that employing low-pressure casting process makes aluminum-alloy wheel, is a kind of more particularly
In order setting time crystallization packing stage continuation order supercharging, prepare aluminum-alloy wheel, metal-mold low-pressure casting
Shaping order boosting method after crystallization pressurize.
Background technology
Compared with traditional gravitational casting, low pressure casting filling velocity is controllable, and molten metal flowing is steady, reduce secondary folder
It is miscellaneous.Compared with sand casting, permanent mold casting cooling velocity is fast, it is easier to obtain tiny compact tissue and high mechanical property,
It is also easier to realize automation and cleaner production, so, metal-mold low-pressure casting is widely used in production aluminum-alloy wheel, chassis
The war production such as the auto parts and components such as part, engine components production field and Aero-Space field.
Low-pressure casting process process can be reflected by the pressure-time curve for acting on molten metal surface.Typical sand mold
Low pressure casting pressure-time curve includes rising liquid, fills type, crust supercharging, crust pressurize, crystallization supercharging, crystallization pressurize and release
Seven stages.Metal-mold low-pressure casting and sand mold low pressure casting are different due to mold material, typically save the crust stage, because
This, metal-mold low-pressure casting technical process is：Rise liquid, fill type, crystallization supercharging, crystallization five stages of pressurize and release.
Aluminum-alloy wheel contributes to automobile to be realized lightweight, reduces oil consumption, mitigates environmental pollution and improve operating characteristics.Mesh
Front more than 85% passenger car is configured with the aluminum-alloy wheel of metal mould low-pressure casting method production.However, with automobile light weight
Change and require increasingly to strengthen, the limitation of existing aluminum-alloy wheel low pressure casting production technology starts to manifest.How further to improve
Wheel mechanical property, it has also become the further light-weighted bottleneck of restriction aluminum-alloy wheel.
Aluminum-alloy wheel typical structure such as Fig. 1, from center outwards, is followed successively by core wheel, spoke, wheel rim, the inner side of wheel rim, outer
Side is referred to as inner rim, outer rim.Select from《Aluminium is processed》, Chen Zhi, Li Changhai《Magmasoft simulated conditions and low pressure casting
Aluminum vehicle wheel working condition matches Journal of Sex Research》, the 6th phase in 2015 total 227 phase.For 15 inch～26 inch passenger car wheels, center portion is taken turns
Position wall thickness is generally 25～50mm, and spoke position wall thickness is generally 10～25mm, and wheel rim wall thickness is generally 10～13mm, takes turns spoke wheel
There is larger thermal center, thickness about 27～35mm in rim transition position.In low pressure casting production, it is necessary to according to car wheel structure characteristic Design
Type and cooling technique are filled, consecutive solidification is realized, to improve feeding effect, eliminate or mitigate the casting flaws such as shrinkage cavity shrinkage porosity.
Foundry goods solidifies under stress, is the basic feature that low pressure casting is different from conventional cast.Crystallization boost pressure is direct
Affect feeding effect.For aluminum-alloy wheel metal-mold low-pressure casting, in actual production in view of casting mold mold clamping force restriction with
And gap is brought between mould aluminium liquid splash, casting fin burr the problems such as, crystallization boost pressure is generally 50～80kPa, special
Increase to 80～150kPa under the conditions of different, limit by improve crystallization boost pressure further improve cast structure consistency and
The feasibility of mechanical property.
The content of the invention
The problem of highly crystalline boost pressure is difficult to for existing aluminum-alloy wheel Jing metal mould low-pressure casting methods, is tied
Aluminum-alloy wheel design feature and consecutive solidification technological requirement are closed, is retaining the controllable feature of existing low-pressure casting method filling velocity
On the premise of, propose a kind of being persistently pressurized according to solidification sequence in crystallization packing stage, preparing aluminum-alloy wheel, metal mold
Low pressure casting shaping order boosting method after crystallization pressurize, is closed with further reducing the casting flaws such as shrinkage cavity shrinkage porosity, improving aluminium
Golden wheel dense structure degree and mechanical property.
The present invention is that a kind of metal-mold low-pressure casting shaping crystallizes order boosting method after pressurize, the metal mold low pressure
Casting at least includes a liter liquid stage, fills type stage, crystallization pressurization stages, crystallization packing stage and release stage；Its feature exists
In：Order pressurization stages in described crystallization packing stage and after crystallization pressurize is increased between the described release stage；
(A) 8～40s after the completion of type is filled, after inner rim, outer rim solidification terminate, increase crystallization dwell pressure to 100
～200kPa, pumping rate is 5～20kPa/s；
(B) 12～130s after the completion of type is filled, after wheel rim solidification terminates, increase crystallization dwell pressure to 210～
300kPa, pumping rate is 10～20kPa/s；
(C) 30～260s after the completion of type is filled, after the solidification of spoke wheel rim intermediate location terminates, increase crystallization dwell pressure
To 310～1000kPa, pumping rate is 10～40kPa/s；
(D) under the conditions of 310～1000kPa of pressure, 90～500s of pressurize is continued, until the solidification of core wheel position terminates, after
Release after continuation of insurance 10～60s of pressure.
Another kind of metal-mold low-pressure casting shaping of present invention order boosting method after crystallization pressurize, the metal mold is low
Die casting being made a liter liquid stage of at least include, fills type stage, crystallization pressurization stages, crystallization packing stage and release stage；Its feature
It is：Order pressurization stages in described crystallization packing stage and after crystallization pressurize is increased between the described release stage；
(A) 8～40s after the completion of type is filled, after inner rim, outer rim solidification terminate, increase crystallization dwell pressure to 100
～200kPa, pumping rate is 5～20kPa/s；
(B) 12～130s after the completion of type is filled, after wheel rim solidification terminates, increase crystallization dwell pressure to 310～
1000kPa, pumping rate is 10～40kPa/s；
(C) under the conditions of 310～1000kPa of pressure, release after 200～600s of pressurize is continued.
Another metal-mold low-pressure casting shaping order boosting method after crystallization pressurize of the present invention, the metal mold is low
Die casting being made a liter liquid stage of at least include, fills type stage, crystallization pressurization stages, crystallization packing stage and release stage；Its feature
It is：Order pressurization stages in described crystallization packing stage and after crystallization pressurize is increased between the described release stage；
8～40s after the completion of type is filled, after inner rim, outer rim solidification terminate, starts increase crystallization pressurize, in core wheel
At the end of position solidifies, crystallization dwell pressure increases to 310～1000kPa, continues release after 10～60s of pressurize.
A kind of metal-mold low-pressure casting shaping for preparing aluminum-alloy wheel of the present invention crystallizes sequentially supercharging side after pressurize
Method advantage is：
(1) A356 aluminum-alloy wheels are prepared using the inventive method, compared with current existing low pressure casting pressure method, is coagulated
Gu feeding effect is significantly improved, in the case where mould structure and mold clamping force are constant, can by spoke position intensity improve 10～
50%, elongation percentage improves 25～70%.The requirement to mould structure and mold clamping force is significantly reduced, while avoiding overflowing for aluminium liquid
Go out, splash and the defect such as casting fin, burr.
(2) using the inventive method compared with existing aluminum-alloy wheel metal-mold low-pressure casting, into crystallization pressurize rank
Duan Hou, according to field test and numerical simulation, and with reference to the real time temperature measurement of mold feature point, order increase crystallizes pumping rate,
Final crystallization boost pressure reaches 310～1000kPa, and pumping rate reaches 5～40kPa/s.Shrinkage cavity shrinkage porosity can further be reduced
Etc. casting flaw, improve aluminum-alloy wheel dense structure's degree and mechanical property.
(3) using the inventive method compared with existing counter-pressure casting, counter-pressure casting has upper and lower two pressurized tanks, lower pressurized tank
For holding furnace and aluminium liquid crucible, upper pressurized tank is casting mold (sand mold or metal type dies), simultaneous pressure typically 300～
1000kPa.The present invention only has a lower pressurized tank, and casting mold is directly exposed in air, and crystallization dwell pressure may be up to 310～
1000kPa, significantly simplify casting technique, reduce equipment requirement.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is aluminum-alloy wheel typical structural characteristics figure.
Fig. 2A is the pressure-time curve figure of the improved crystallization pressurize order supercharging mode of the present invention.
Fig. 2 B are the mechanical property figures of 26 inch A356 alloy wheels obtained in comparative example 1.
Fig. 2 C are the mechanical property figures of 26 inch A356 alloy wheels obtained in embodiment 1.
Fig. 3 A are the pressure-time curve figures of the improved crystallization pressurize order supercharging mode of the present invention.
Fig. 3 B are the mechanical property figures of 26 inch A356 alloy wheels obtained in embodiment 5.
Fig. 4 A are the pressure-time curve figures of the improved crystallization pressurize order supercharging mode of the present invention.
Fig. 4 B are the mechanical property figures of 26 inch A356 alloy wheels obtained in embodiment 6.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in further detail.
Usually, metal mould low-pressure casting method prepares aluminum-alloy wheel, and usual cast gate is placed on core wheel position.Cavity filling process
In, high temperature aluminium liquid flows to outer rim from the heart channel of Hang-Shaoyin spoke is taken turns, and finally reaches inner rim.In order to realize good feeding effect, it is necessary to
Control aluminum-alloy wheel solidification process, realize consecutive solidification, i.e., first from wheel rim upper and lower ends (i.e. inner rim, outer rim) toward
Middle rim and spoke intermediate location consecutive solidification, subsequent spoke position ecto-entad consecutive solidification, core wheel position final set.One
As, process of setting includes starting to solidify, solidify and neutralize solidification and terminate.For 15 conventional inch～26 inch aluminium alloy automobile cars
Wheel, from metal-mold low-pressure casting production technology；The type of cooling is mixed for air-cooled, air-cooled with mist cold mixing or air-cooled and water-cooled
Close；Mould selects metal mold, the metal type dies that can be made up of upper die and lower die and four side forms or two side forms.
8～40s the solidifications typically after the completion of type is filled of interior outer rim terminate, and wheel rim 12～130s solidifications typically after the completion of type is filled terminate,
Spoke wheel rim intermediate location typically after the completion of type is filled 30～260s solidification terminate, core wheel position 90 typically after the completion of type is filled～
500s solidifications terminate.
In order to further reduce the casting flaw such as shrinkage cavity shrinkage porosity of metal-mold low-pressure casting aluminum-alloy wheel, improve aluminium alloy
Dense structure's degree of wheel and mechanical property, the present invention proposes a kind of aluminum-alloy wheel metal-mold low-pressure casting shaping crystallization
Order boosting method after pressurize, order boosting method is carried in common metal type low pressure casting and prepares aluminium conjunction after the crystallization pressurize
The crystallization packing stage of golden wheel and between the release stage.Order boosting method has taken into full account aluminium conjunction after described crystallization pressurize
Golden car wheel structure feature, cooling condition and die.Aluminum-alloy wheel architectural feature is as shown in Figure 1.
Proposed by the present invention is a kind of to increased after crystallization pressurize the metal mould low-pressure casting method that is sequentially pressurized to prepare
Aluminum-alloy wheel (i.e. a kind of aluminum-alloy wheel metal-mold low-pressure casting shaping order boosting method after crystallization pressurize), the present invention
Method is included：Rise the liquid stage, fill order pressurization stages after type stage, crystallization pressurization stages, crystallization packing stage, crystallization pressurize
With release releasing phase.Specifically：
Step one, rises the liquid stage；
It is 18～21kPa to adjust and rise the pressure in liquid stage, and it is 1.8～2.2kPa/s to rise liquid speed degree；
The compressed air of 18～21kPa is passed through in the holding furnace of sealing, aluminium liquid is flat along stalk under the effect of the pressure
Surely rise at casting mold cast gate, and flow in casting mold；
Step 2, fills the type stage；
It is 30～35kPa that the mold filling pressure in type stage is filled in regulation, and filling velocity is 0.4～1.0kPa/s, makes aluminium liquid from pouring
Mouth enters die cavity, until die cavity is completely filled with；
Step 3, crystallizes pressurization stages；
Aluminium liquid is completely filled with after casting mold Jing after step 2, pressure is quickly increased to 80～100kPa in 5～7s；
Step 4, crystallizes packing stage；
After boost pressure reaches 80～100kPa, into crystallization packing stage；
Step 5, order pressurization stages after crystallization pressurize；
In the present invention, crystallize order boosting method after pressurize and specifically regard aluminum-alloy wheel size and structure, mould state
With cooling condition and it is variant.
Jing after step 4, continue to be pressurized solidification according to order boosting method after crystallization pressurize, to reduce aluminum-alloy wheel
The casting flaws such as shrinkage cavity shrinkage porosity, improve feeding effect, improve dense structure's degree and mechanical property of aluminum-alloy wheel.
Order boosting method is referred to after described crystallization pressurize：
(A) 8～40s after the completion of type is filled, after inner rim, outer rim solidification terminate, increase crystallization dwell pressure to 100
～200kPa, pumping rate is 5～20kPa/s；
(B) 12～130s after the completion of type is filled, after wheel rim solidification terminates, increase crystallization dwell pressure to 210～
300kPa, pumping rate is 10～20kPa/s；
(C) 30～260s after the completion of type is filled, after the solidification of spoke wheel rim intermediate location terminates, increase crystallization dwell pressure
To 310～1000kPa, pumping rate is 10～40kPa/s；
(D) under the conditions of 310～1000kPa of pressure, 90～500s of pressurize is continued, until the solidification of core wheel position terminates, after
Continuation of insurance 10～60s of pressure.
Step 6, release releasing phase；
Jing after step 5, treat that aluminum-alloy wheel solidification is finished, release the gas pressure in holding furnace, make stalk and running channel
The not solidified aluminium liquid of mouth is flow back in holding furnace.
In the present invention, another kind of aluminum-alloy wheel metal-mold low-pressure casting shaping order boosting method after crystallization pressurize
Include：The liquid stage is risen, is filled and order pressurization stages and is unloaded after type stage, crystallization pressurization stages, crystallization packing stage, crystallization pressurize
Pressure releasing phase.Specifically：
Step one, rises the liquid stage；
It is 18～21kPa to adjust and rise the pressure in liquid stage, and it is 1.8～2.2kPa/s to rise liquid speed degree；
The compressed air of 18～21kPa is passed through in the holding furnace of sealing, aluminium liquid is flat along stalk under the effect of the pressure
Surely rise at casting mold cast gate, and flow in casting mold；
Step 2, fills the type stage；
It is 30～35kPa that the mold filling pressure in type stage is filled in regulation, and filling velocity is 0.4～1.0kPa/s, makes aluminium liquid from pouring
Mouth enters die cavity, until die cavity is completely filled with；
Step 3, crystallizes pressurization stages；
Aluminium liquid is completely filled with after casting mold Jing after step 2, pressure is quickly increased to 80～100kPa in 5～7s；
Step 4, crystallizes packing stage；
After boost pressure reaches 80～100kPa, into crystallization packing stage；
Step 5, order pressurization stages after crystallization pressurize；
(A) 8～40s after the completion of type is filled, after inner rim, outer rim solidification terminate, increase crystallization dwell pressure to 100
～200kPa, pumping rate is 5～20kPa/s；
(B) 12～130s after the completion of type is filled, after wheel rim solidification terminates, increase crystallization dwell pressure to 310～
1000kPa, pumping rate is 10～40kPa/s；
(C) under the conditions of 310～1000kPa of pressure, 200～600s of pressurize is continued；
Step 6, release releasing phase；
Jing after step 5, treat that aluminum-alloy wheel solidification is finished, release the gas pressure in holding furnace, make stalk and running channel
The not solidified aluminium liquid of mouth is flow back in holding furnace.
In the present invention, another aluminum-alloy wheel metal-mold low-pressure casting shaping order boosting method after crystallization pressurize
Include：The liquid stage is risen, is filled and order pressurization stages and is unloaded after type stage, crystallization pressurization stages, crystallization packing stage, crystallization pressurize
Pressure releasing phase.Specifically：
Step one, rises the liquid stage；
It is 18～21kPa to adjust and rise the pressure in liquid stage, and it is 1.8～2.2kPa/s to rise liquid speed degree；
Step 2, fills the type stage；
It is 30～35kPa that the mold filling pressure in type stage is filled in regulation, and filling velocity is 0.4～1.0kPa/s, makes aluminium liquid from pouring
Mouth enters die cavity, until die cavity is completely filled with；
Step 3, crystallizes pressurization stages；
Aluminium liquid is completely filled with after casting mold Jing after step 2, pressure is quickly increased to 80～100kPa in 5～7s；
Step 4, crystallizes packing stage；
After boost pressure reaches 80～100kPa, into crystallization packing stage；
Step 5, order pressurization stages after crystallization pressurize；
8～40s after the completion of type is filled, after inner rim, outer rim solidification terminate, starts increase crystallization pressurize, in core wheel
At the end of solidification, crystallization dwell pressure increases to 310～1000kPa, continues 10～60s of pressurize；
Step 6, release releasing phase；
Jing after step 5, treat that aluminum-alloy wheel solidification is finished, release the gas pressure in holding furnace, make stalk and running channel
The not solidified aluminium liquid of mouth is flow back in holding furnace.
The improvement aluminum-alloy wheel metal-mold low-pressure casting of the present invention, both in existing aluminum-alloy wheel metal-mold low-pressure casting
On the basis of, with reference to aluminum-alloy wheel design feature and consecutive solidification technological requirement, filling type and finishing 80～100kPa is entered into
Conventional packing stage after, according to wheel different parts solidification sequence be persistently pressurized with improve feeding effect, refinement solidification group
Knit, improve mechanical castings.Sequentially supercharging side is molded after use crystallization pressurize using metal-mold low-pressure casting proposed by the present invention
Method prepares aluminum-alloy wheel, compared with existing low pressure casting pressure method, in the case where mould structure and mold clamping force are constant, and knot
Brilliant dwell pressure can bring up to 310～1000kPa, feeding effect is significantly improved, at the same avoid the spilling of aluminium liquid, splash and
The defects such as casting fin, burr.Spoke position intensity can be improved 10～50%, elongation percentage improves 25～70%.
Aluminum-alloy wheel is prepared using improved metal-mold low-pressure casting of the invention, low pressure casting and counter-pressure casting is combined
Respective advantage, makes full use of the ripe mould structure of existing aluminum-alloy wheel metal-mold low-pressure casting, fills type and cooling system
Etc. technology, inherit four spacious column supports of existing air injection machine and structurally and operationally facilitate, easily realize automation
The features such as, under conditions of only one lower pressurized tank, by the pressurizing processes innovated, realize the sense of organization of aluminum-alloy wheel
Can improve.
Embodiment 1
26 inch, A356 alloy wheels.H13 steel molds, the upper mould+lower side form of mould+4 structure, in being directly exposed to air.Cast
Temperature is 710 DEG C, and mould initial temperature is 400 DEG C, and the type of cooling is air-cooled.
Referring to the pressure-time curve figure shown in Fig. 2A, using metal-mold low-pressure casting shaping order after crystallization pressurize
The step of boosting method prepares aluminum-alloy wheel has：
Step one, rises the liquid stage；
Under conditions of liter hydraulic coupling is 19kPa, rises liquid speed degree for 1.9kPa/s, aluminium liquid steadily rises to casting along stalk
At type cast gate, and flow in casting mold；
Step 2, fills the type stage；
Mold filling pressure be 32kPa, filling velocity be 0.65kPa/s under conditions of, aluminium liquid is filled with die cavity from cast gate, until
Die cavity is completely filled with；
Step 3, crystallizes pressurization stages；
Aluminium liquid quickly increases crystallization pressure, in 5.5s boost pressures to 90kPa full of after casting mold；
Step 4, crystallizes packing stage；
Boost pressure is reached after 90kPa, into crystallization packing stage；
Step 5, order pressurization stages after crystallization pressurize；
In the present invention, improved crystallization pressurize order supercharging mode carries out crystallizing pressurize process.
(A) inner rim 33s solidifications after the completion of type is filled terminate, outer rim 38s solidifications after the completion of type is filled terminate, during 38s
Start increase crystallization dwell pressure to 100kPa, pumping rate is 17kPa/s；
(B) wheel rim fills 127s solidifications after the completion of type and terminates, and now starts increase crystallization dwell pressure to 260kPa, supercharging speed
Spend for 10kPa/s；
(C) rim and spoke intermediate location is filled 260s solidifications after the completion of type and is terminated, and is now started increase crystallization dwell pressure and is arrived
450kPa, pumping rate is 25kPa/s；
(D) core wheel position is filled 400s solidifications after the completion of type and is terminated, and continues pressurize 60s；
Step 6, release releasing phase；
Jing after step 5, the gas pressure in holding furnace is released, flow back into stalk and the not solidified aluminium liquid of sprue channel open
Holding furnace.
Comparative example 1
Using step one same as Example 1 to step 3, difference is to eliminate the crystallization pressurize of step 5
The process of order supercharging afterwards.
After step 3, after boost pressure reaches 90kPa, start to crystallize pressurize 460s, subsequently release in holding furnace
Gas pressure, makes stalk and the not solidified aluminium liquid of sprue channel open flow back into holding furnace.
Measured using the model cupping machines of Instron 8801,26 inch A356 alloy wheels obtained in comparative example 1
The mechanical property at spoke position：As shown in Figure 2 B, its tensile strength, yield strength and elongation percentage respectively reach 212.4MPa,
145.0MPa, 4.0%.
Measured using the model cupping machines of Instron 8801,26 inch A356 alloy wheel spokes obtained in embodiment 1
The mechanical property at position：As shown in Figure 2 C, the tensile strength at wheel spoke position, yield strength and elongation percentage are respectively reached
278.8MPa, 210.8MPa and 5.5%
It is the tensile strength at the wheel spoke position Jing after the inventive method process, in the wrong by comparison diagram 2B and Fig. 2 C
Take intensity and elongation percentage improves 31.3%, 45.4% and 37.5%, and finished wheel spoke position average wall thickness can be reduced
2.2mm, achieves good light weight effect.
Embodiment 2
18 inch, A356 alloy wheels.H13 steel molds, the upper mould+lower side form of mould+4 structure, in being directly exposed to air.Cast
Temperature is 720 DEG C, 400 DEG C of mould initial temperature, and the type of cooling is wind mist combination cooling.
The step of preparing aluminum-alloy wheel using order boosting method after metal-mold low-pressure casting shaping crystallization pressurize has：
Step one, rises the liquid stage；
Under conditions of liter hydraulic coupling is 21kPa, rises liquid speed degree for 1.8kPa/s, aluminium liquid steadily rises to casting along stalk
At type cast gate, and flow in casting mold；
Step 2, fills the type stage；
Mold filling pressure be 35kPa, filling velocity be 0.54kPa/s under conditions of, aluminium liquid is filled with die cavity from cast gate, until
Die cavity is completely filled with；
Step 3, crystallizes pressurization stages；
Aluminium liquid quickly increases crystallization pressure, in 5s boost pressures to 80kPa full of after casting mold；
Step 4, crystallizes packing stage；
Boost pressure is reached after 80kPa, into crystallization packing stage；
Step 5, order pressurization stages after crystallization pressurize；
(A) inner rim 11s solidifications after the completion of type is filled terminate, outer rim 12s solidifications after the completion of type is filled terminate, and now open
Increase crystallization dwell pressure begin to 170kPa, pumping rate is 16.4kPa/s；
(B) wheel rim fills 18s solidifications after the completion of type and terminates, and now starts increase crystallization dwell pressure to 300kPa, supercharging speed
Spend for 20kPa/s；
(C) rim and spoke intermediate location is filled 68s solidifications after the completion of type and is terminated, and is now started increase crystallization dwell pressure and is arrived
800kPa, pumping rate is 30kPa/s；
(D) core wheel position is filled 192s solidifications after the completion of type and is terminated, and continues pressurize 20s；
Step 6, release releasing phase；
The gas pressure in holding furnace is released Jing after step 5, makes stalk and the not solidified aluminium liquid of sprue channel open flow back into guarantor
Warm stove.
Comparative example 2
Using step one same as Example 2 to step 3, difference is to eliminate the crystallization pressurize of step 5
The process of order supercharging afterwards.
After step 3, after boost pressure reaches 80kPa, start to crystallize pressurize 200s, subsequently release in holding furnace
Gas pressure, makes stalk and the not solidified aluminium liquid of sprue channel open flow back into holding furnace.
Measured using the model cupping machines of Instron 8801,18 inch A356 alloy wheels obtained in comparative example 2
The mechanical property at spoke position：Its tensile strength, yield strength and elongation percentage respectively reach 226.2MPa, 144.6MPa,
4.5%.
Measured using the model cupping machines of Instron 8801,18 inch A356 alloy wheel spokes obtained in embodiment 2
The mechanical property at position：The tensile strength at wheel spoke position, yield strength and elongation percentage respectively reach 284.7MPa,
219.1MPa, 5.9%.
The tensile strength at wheel spoke position, yield strength and elongation percentage Jing after the inventive method process improves
25.9%th, 51.5% and 31.1%, and finished wheel spoke position average wall thickness can reduce 2.5mm, achieve good light weight
Change effect.
Embodiment 3
20 inch, A356 alloys casting rotation wheel.H13 steel molds, the upper mould+lower side form of mould+4 structure, in being directly exposed to air.
Pouring temperature is 700 DEG C, and mould initial temperature is 350 DEG C, and the type of cooling is wind mist combination cooling.
The step of preparing aluminum-alloy wheel using order boosting method after metal-mold low-pressure casting shaping crystallization pressurize has：
Step one, rises the liquid stage；
Under conditions of liter hydraulic coupling is 18kPa, rises liquid speed degree for 2.0kPa/s, aluminium liquid steadily rises to casting along stalk
At type cast gate, and flow in casting mold；
Step 2, fills the type stage；
Mold filling pressure be 30kPa, filling velocity be 0.98kPa/s under conditions of, aluminium liquid is filled with die cavity from cast gate, until
Die cavity is completely filled with；
Step 3, crystallizes pressurization stages；
Aluminium liquid quickly increases crystallization pressure, in 6s boost pressures to 100kPa full of after casting mold；
Step 4, crystallizes packing stage；
Boost pressure is reached after 100kPa, into crystallization packing stage；
Step 5, order pressurization stages after crystallization pressurize；
(A) inner rim 29s solidifications after the completion of type is filled terminate, outer rim 31s solidifications after the completion of type is filled terminate, during 31s
Start increase crystallization dwell pressure to 130kPa, pumping rate is 20kPa/s；
(B) wheel rim fills 58s solidifications after the completion of type and terminates, and now starts increase crystallization dwell pressure to 280kPa, supercharging speed
Spend for 15kPa/s；
(C) rim and spoke intermediate location is filled 164s solidifications after the completion of type and is terminated, and is now started increase crystallization dwell pressure and is arrived
380kPa, pumping rate is 20kPa/s；
(D) core wheel position is filled 215s solidifications after the completion of type and is terminated, and continues pressurize 40s；
Step 6, release releasing phase；
The gas pressure in holding furnace is released Jing after step 5, makes stalk and the not solidified aluminium liquid of sprue channel open flow back into guarantor
Warm stove.
Comparative example 3
Using step one same as Example 3 to step 3, difference is to eliminate the crystallization pressurize of step 5
The process of order supercharging afterwards.
After step 3, after boost pressure reaches 100kPa, start to crystallize pressurize 250s, subsequently release in holding furnace
Gas pressure, makes stalk and the not solidified aluminium liquid of sprue channel open flow back into holding furnace.
Measured using the model cupping machines of Instron 8801,20 inch A356 alloys casting rotation obtained in comparative example 3
The mechanical property at wheel spoke position：Its tensile strength, yield strength and elongation percentage respectively reach 226.4MPa, 172.5MPa,
3.5%.
Measured using the model cupping machines of Instron 8801,20 inch A356 alloys casting rotation wheel obtained in embodiment 3
The mechanical property at spoke position：The tensile strength at wheel spoke position, yield strength and elongation percentage respectively reach 278.9MPa,
200.7MPa, 5.9%.
The tensile strength at wheel spoke position, yield strength and elongation percentage Jing after the inventive method process improves
23.2%th, 16.3% and 68.6%, and finished wheel spoke position average wall thickness can reduce 2.6mm, achieve good light weight
Change effect.
Embodiment 4
15 inch, A356 alloy wheels.H13 steel molds, the upper mould+lower side form of mould+2 structure, in being directly exposed to air.Cast
Temperature is 710 DEG C, and mould initial temperature is 400 DEG C, and the type of cooling is air-cooled and water-cooled.
The step of preparing aluminum-alloy wheel using order boosting method after metal-mold low-pressure casting shaping crystallization pressurize has：
Step one, rises the liquid stage；
Liter hydraulic coupling be 20kPa, under conditions of to rise liquid speed degree be 2.2kPa/s, aluminium liquid steadily rises to along stalk
At casting mold cast gate, and flow in casting mold；
Step 2, fills the type stage；
Mold filling pressure be 32kPa, filling velocity be 0.78kPa/s under conditions of, aluminium liquid is filled with die cavity from cast gate, until
Die cavity is completely filled with；
Step 3, crystallizes pressurization stages；
Aluminium liquid quickly increases crystallization pressure to 85kPa full of after casting mold in 6.5s；
Step 4, crystallizes packing stage；
Boost pressure is reached after 85kPa, into crystallization packing stage；
Step 5, order pressurization stages after crystallization pressurize；
(A) inner rim 9s solidifications after the completion of type is filled terminate, outer rim 9s solidifications after the completion of type is filled terminate, and start during 9s
To 130kPa, pumping rate is 8kPa/s to increase crystallization dwell pressure；
(B) wheel rim fills 16s solidifications after the completion of type and terminates, and now starts increase crystallization dwell pressure to 260kPa, supercharging speed
Spend for 10kPa/s；
(C) rim and spoke intermediate location is filled 35s solidifications after the completion of type and is terminated, and is now started increase crystallization dwell pressure and is arrived
600kPa, pumping rate is 35kPa/s；
(D) core wheel position is filled 98s solidifications after the completion of type and is terminated, and continues pressurize 10s；
Step 6, release releasing phase；
The gas pressure in holding furnace is released Jing after step 5, makes stalk and the not solidified aluminium liquid of sprue channel open flow back into guarantor
Warm stove.
Comparative example 4
Using step one same as Example 4 to step 3, difference is to eliminate the crystallization pressurize of step 5
The process of order supercharging afterwards.
After step 3, after boost pressure reaches 85kPa, start to crystallize pressurize 110s, subsequently release in holding furnace
Gas pressure, makes stalk and the not solidified aluminium liquid of sprue channel open flow back into holding furnace.
Measured using the model cupping machines of Instron 8801,15 inch A356 alloy wheels obtained in comparative example 4
The mechanical property at spoke position：Its tensile strength, yield strength and elongation percentage respectively reach 230.6MPa, 144.5MPa,
4.3%.
Measured using the model cupping machines of Instron 8801,15 inch A356 alloy wheel spokes obtained in embodiment 4
The mechanical property at position：The tensile strength at wheel spoke position, yield strength and elongation percentage respectively reach 295.6MPa,
190.8MPa and 6.3%.
The tensile strength at wheel spoke position, yield strength and elongation percentage Jing after the inventive method process improves
28.2%th, 32.0% and 46.5%, and finished wheel spoke position average wall thickness can reduce 2.1mm, achieve good light weight
Change effect.
Embodiment 5
26 inch, A356 alloy wheels.H13 steel molds, the upper mould+lower side form of mould+4 structure, in being directly exposed to air.Cast
Temperature is 710 DEG C, and mould initial temperature is 400 DEG C, and the type of cooling is air-cooled.
The step of preparing aluminum-alloy wheel using order boosting method after metal-mold low-pressure casting shaping crystallization pressurize has：
Step one, rises the liquid stage；
Under conditions of liter hydraulic coupling is 19kPa, rises liquid speed degree for 1.9kPa/s, aluminium liquid steadily rises to casting along stalk
At type cast gate, and flow in casting mold；
Step 2, fills the type stage；
Mold filling pressure be 32kPa, filling velocity be 0.65kPa/s under conditions of, aluminium liquid is filled with die cavity from cast gate, until
Die cavity is completely filled with；
Step 3, crystallizes pressurization stages；
Aluminium liquid quickly increases crystallization pressure, in 5.5s boost pressures to 90kPa full of after casting mold；
Step 4, crystallizes packing stage；
Boost pressure is reached after 90kPa, into crystallization packing stage；
Step 5, order pressurization stages after crystallization pressurize；
In the present invention, improved crystallization pressurize order supercharging mode carries out crystallizing pressurize process, and its pressure versus time is bent
Line is as shown in Figure 3A.
(A) inner rim 33s solidifications after the completion of type is filled terminate, outer rim 38s solidifications after the completion of type is filled terminate, during 38s
Start increase crystallization dwell pressure to 150kPa, pumping rate is 15kPa/s；
(B) wheel rim fills 127s solidifications after the completion of type and terminates, and now starts increase crystallization dwell pressure to 480kPa, supercharging speed
Spend for 20kPa/s；
(C) under crystallization dwell pressure 480kPa, pressurize 320s is continued；
Step 6, release releasing phase；
Jing after step 5, the gas pressure in holding furnace is released, flow back into stalk and the not solidified aluminium liquid of sprue channel open
Holding furnace.
Measured using the model cupping machines of Instron 8801,26 inch A356 alloy wheel spokes obtained in embodiment 5
The mechanical property at position：As shown in Figure 3 B, the tensile strength at wheel spoke position, yield strength and elongation percentage are respectively reached
273.7MPa, 208.6MPa, 5.3%.
Embodiment 6
26 inch, A356 alloy wheels.H13 steel molds, the upper mould+lower side form of mould+4 structure, in being directly exposed to air.Cast
Temperature is 710 DEG C, and mould initial temperature is 400 DEG C, and the type of cooling is air-cooled.
The step of preparing aluminum-alloy wheel using order boosting method after metal-mold low-pressure casting shaping crystallization pressurize has：
Step one, rises the liquid stage；
Under conditions of liter hydraulic coupling is 21kPa, rises liquid speed degree for 2.2kPa/s, aluminium liquid steadily rises to casting along stalk
At type cast gate, and flow in casting mold；
Step 2, fills the type stage；
Mold filling pressure be 35kPa, filling velocity be 1.0kPa/s under conditions of, aluminium liquid is filled with die cavity from cast gate, until
Die cavity is completely filled with；
Step 3, crystallizes pressurization stages；
Aluminium liquid quickly increases crystallization pressure, in 6s boost pressures to 90kPa full of after casting mold；
Step 4, crystallizes packing stage；
Boost pressure is reached after 90kPa, into crystallization packing stage；
Step 5, order pressurization stages after crystallization pressurize；
In the present invention, improved crystallization pressurize order supercharging mode carries out crystallizing pressurize process, and its pressure versus time is bent
Line is as shown in Figure 4 A.
The 38s after the completion of type is filled, after inner rim, outer rim solidification terminate, starts increase crystallization pressurize, in core wheel solidification
At the end of, crystallization dwell pressure increases to 900kPa, continues pressurize 60s；
Step 6, release releasing phase；
Jing after step 5, the gas pressure in holding furnace is released, flow back into stalk and the not solidified aluminium liquid of sprue channel open
Holding furnace.
Measured using the model cupping machines of Instron 8801,26 inch A356 alloy wheel spokes obtained in embodiment 6
The mechanical property at position：As shown in Figure 4 B, the tensile strength at wheel spoke position, yield strength and elongation percentage are respectively reached
285.5MPa, 218.8MPa and 5.8%.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of aluminum-alloy wheel metal-mold low-pressure casting shaping is used and crystallizes order boosting method after pressurize, the aluminum-alloy wheel
Metal-mold low-pressure casting at least includes a liter liquid stage, fills type stage, crystallization pressurization stages, crystallization packing stage and release rank
Section；It is characterized in that：Sequentially increase in described crystallization packing stage and after crystallization pressurize is increased between the described release stage
The pressure stage；
In the aluminum-alloy wheel metal-mold low-pressure casting forming process, cast gate is placed on core wheel position；In cavity filling process, high temperature aluminum
Liquid flows to the outer rim of wheel rim from the heart channel of Hang-Shaoyin spoke is taken turns, and finally reaches the inner rim of wheel rim, i.e., first by the inner rim of wheel rim, wheel rim
Outer rim toward centre rim and spoke intermediate location consecutive solidification, subsequent spoke position ecto-entad consecutive solidification, core wheel position
Final set；For 15 inch～26 inch aluminum alloy automobile wheels, from metal-mold low-pressure casting production technology；The type of cooling is wind
It is cold, air-cooled air-cooled to mix with mist cold mixing or with water-cooled；Mould selects metal mold, is by upper die and lower die and four side forms
Or the metal type dies of two side form compositions；
(A) 8～40s after the completion of type is filled, after inner rim, outer rim solidification terminate, increase crystallization dwell pressure to 100～
200kPa, pumping rate is 5～20kPa/s；
(B) 12～130s after the completion of type is filled, after wheel rim solidification terminates, increase crystallization dwell pressure increases to 210～300kPa
Pressure speed is 10～20kPa/s；
(C) 30～260s after the completion of type is filled, after the solidification of spoke wheel rim intermediate location terminates, increase crystallization dwell pressure is arrived
310～1000kPa, pumping rate is 10～40kPa/s；
(D) under the conditions of 310～1000kPa of pressure, continue 90～500s of pressurize, until the solidification of core wheel position terminates, continue to protect
Release after 10～60s of pressure.
2. a kind of aluminum-alloy wheel metal-mold low-pressure casting shaping is used and crystallizes order boosting method after pressurize, the aluminum-alloy wheel
Metal-mold low-pressure casting at least includes a liter liquid stage, fills type stage, crystallization pressurization stages, crystallization packing stage and release rank
Section；It is characterized in that：Sequentially increase in described crystallization packing stage and after crystallization pressurize is increased between the described release stage
The pressure stage；
In the aluminum-alloy wheel metal-mold low-pressure casting forming process, cast gate is placed on core wheel position；In cavity filling process, high temperature aluminum
Liquid flows to the outer rim of wheel rim from the heart channel of Hang-Shaoyin spoke is taken turns, and finally reaches the inner rim of wheel rim, i.e., first by the inner rim of wheel rim, wheel rim
Outer rim toward centre rim and spoke intermediate location consecutive solidification, subsequent spoke position ecto-entad consecutive solidification, core wheel position
Final set；For 15 inch～26 inch aluminum alloy automobile wheels, from metal-mold low-pressure casting production technology；The type of cooling is wind
It is cold, air-cooled air-cooled to mix with mist cold mixing or with water-cooled；Mould selects metal mold, is by upper die and lower die and four side forms
Or the metal type dies of two side form compositions；
(A) 8～40s after the completion of type is filled, after inner rim, outer rim solidification terminate, increase crystallization dwell pressure to 100～
200kPa, pumping rate is 5～20kPa/s；
(B) 12～130s after the completion of type is filled, after wheel rim solidification terminates, increase crystallizes dwell pressure to 310～1000kPa,
Pumping rate is 10～40kPa/s；
(C) under the conditions of 310～1000kPa of pressure, release after 200～600s of pressurize is continued.
3. a kind of aluminum-alloy wheel metal-mold low-pressure casting shaping is used and crystallizes order boosting method after pressurize, the aluminum-alloy wheel
Metal-mold low-pressure casting at least includes a liter liquid stage, fills type stage, crystallization pressurization stages, crystallization packing stage and release rank
Section；It is characterized in that：Sequentially increase in described crystallization packing stage and after crystallization pressurize is increased between the described release stage
The pressure stage；
In the aluminum-alloy wheel metal-mold low-pressure casting forming process, cast gate is placed on core wheel position；In cavity filling process, high temperature aluminum
Liquid flows to the outer rim of wheel rim from the heart channel of Hang-Shaoyin spoke is taken turns, and finally reaches the inner rim of wheel rim, i.e., first by the inner rim of wheel rim, wheel rim
Outer rim toward centre rim and spoke intermediate location consecutive solidification, subsequent spoke position ecto-entad consecutive solidification, core wheel position
Final set；For 15 inch～26 inch aluminum alloy automobile wheels, from metal-mold low-pressure casting production technology；The type of cooling is wind
It is cold, air-cooled air-cooled to mix with mist cold mixing or with water-cooled；Mould selects metal mold, is by upper die and lower die and four side forms
Or the metal type dies of two side form compositions；
8～40s after the completion of type is filled, after inner rim, outer rim solidification terminate, starts increase crystallization pressurize, at core wheel position
At the end of solidification, crystallization dwell pressure increases to 310～1000kPa, continues release after 10～60s of pressurize.
4. sequentially supercharging side is molded after use crystallization pressurize according to the aluminum-alloy wheel metal-mold low-pressure casting described in claim 1
Method, it is characterised in that have the following steps：
Step one, rises the liquid stage；
It is 18～19kPa to adjust and rise the pressure in liquid stage, and it is 1.8～2.2kPa/s to rise liquid speed degree；
Step 2, fills the type stage；
It is 30～32kPa that the mold filling pressure in type stage is filled in regulation, and filling velocity is 0.4～1.0kPa/s, aluminium liquid is entered from cast gate
Enter die cavity, until die cavity is completely filled with；
Step 3, crystallizes pressurization stages；
Aluminium liquid is completely filled with after casting mold Jing after step 2, pressure is quickly increased to 85～100kPa in 5～7s；
Step 4, crystallizes packing stage；
After boost pressure reaches 85～100kPa, into crystallization packing stage；
Step 5, order pressurization stages after crystallization pressurize；
(A) 8～40s after the completion of type is filled, after inner rim, outer rim solidification terminate, increase crystallization dwell pressure to 100～
200kPa, pumping rate is 5～20kPa/s；
(B) 12～130s after the completion of type is filled, after wheel rim solidification terminates, increase crystallization dwell pressure increases to 210～300kPa
Pressure speed is 10～20kPa/s；
(C) 30～260s after the completion of type is filled, after the solidification of spoke wheel rim intermediate location terminates, increase crystallization dwell pressure is arrived
310～1000kPa, pumping rate is 10～40kPa/s；
(D) under the conditions of 310～1000kPa of pressure, continue 90～500s of pressurize, until the solidification of core wheel position terminates, continue to protect
10～60s of pressure；
Step 6, release releasing phase；
Jing after step 5, treat that aluminum-alloy wheel solidification is finished, release the gas pressure in holding furnace, make stalk and sprue channel open not
The aluminium liquid of solidification is flow back in holding furnace.
5. sequentially supercharging side is molded after use crystallization pressurize according to the aluminum-alloy wheel metal-mold low-pressure casting described in claim 2
Method, it is characterised in that have the following steps：
Step one, rises the liquid stage；
It is 18～19kPa to adjust and rise the pressure in liquid stage, and it is 1.8～2.2kPa/s to rise liquid speed degree；
Step 2, fills the type stage；
It is 30～32kPa that the mold filling pressure in type stage is filled in regulation, and filling velocity is 0.4～1.0kPa/s, aluminium liquid is entered from cast gate
Enter die cavity, until die cavity is completely filled with；
Step 3, crystallizes pressurization stages；
Aluminium liquid is completely filled with after casting mold Jing after step 2, pressure is quickly increased to 85～100kPa in 5～7s；
Step 4, crystallizes packing stage；
After boost pressure reaches 85～100kPa, into crystallization packing stage；
Step 5, order pressurization stages after crystallization pressurize；
(A) 8～40s after the completion of type is filled, after inner rim, outer rim solidification terminate, increase crystallization dwell pressure to 100～
200kPa, pumping rate is 5～20kPa/s；
(B) 12～130s after the completion of type is filled, after wheel rim solidification terminates, increase crystallizes dwell pressure to 310～1000kPa,
Pumping rate is 10～40kPa/s；
(C) under the conditions of 310～1000kPa of pressure, 200～600s of pressurize is continued；
Step 6, release releasing phase；
Jing after step 5, treat that aluminum-alloy wheel solidification is finished, release the gas pressure in holding furnace, make stalk and sprue channel open not
The aluminium liquid of solidification is flow back in holding furnace.
6. sequentially supercharging side is molded after use crystallization pressurize according to the aluminum-alloy wheel metal-mold low-pressure casting described in claim 3
Method, it is characterised in that have the following steps：
Step one, rises the liquid stage；
It is 18～19kPa to adjust and rise the pressure in liquid stage, and it is 1.8～2.2kPa/s to rise liquid speed degree；
Step 2, fills the type stage；
It is 30～32kPa that the mold filling pressure in type stage is filled in regulation, and filling velocity is 0.4～1.0kPa/s, aluminium liquid is entered from cast gate
Enter die cavity, until die cavity is completely filled with；
Step 3, crystallizes pressurization stages；
Aluminium liquid is completely filled with after casting mold Jing after step 2, pressure is quickly increased to 85～100kPa in 5～7s；
Step 4, crystallizes packing stage；
After boost pressure reaches 85～100kPa, into crystallization packing stage；
Step 5, order pressurization stages after crystallization pressurize；
8～40s after the completion of type is filled, after inner rim, outer rim solidification terminate, starts increase crystallization pressurize, in core wheel solidification
At the end of, crystallization dwell pressure increases to 310～1000kPa, continues 10～60s of pressurize；
Step 6, release releasing phase；
Jing after step 5, treat that aluminum-alloy wheel solidification is finished, release the gas pressure in holding furnace, make stalk and sprue channel open not
The aluminium liquid of solidification is flow back in holding furnace.
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| CN108941514B (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2020-07-17 | 中国兵器工业第五九研究所 | Casting method for large-scale corrosion-resistant aluminum magnesium alloy component |
| CN110181024B (en) * | 2019-07-09 | 2021-09-24 | 佛山市南海奔达模具有限公司 | Low-pressure casting process of hub |
| CN110303136B (en) * | 2019-07-11 | 2021-03-26 | 北京航空航天大学青岛研究院 | Casting method for improving mechanical property of large-size aluminum alloy wheel |
| CN114260437B (en) * | 2021-12-25 | 2023-07-18 | 云南富源今飞轮毂制造有限公司 | Enhanced cooling casting molding process for bolt holes of truck hub mounting plate |
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