CN112723856A - Low-deformation ceramic biscuit and preparation process thereof - Google Patents
Low-deformation ceramic biscuit and preparation process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3427—Silicates other than clay, e.g. water glass
- C04B2235/3436—Alkaline earth metal silicates, e.g. barium silicate
- C04B2235/3454—Calcium silicates, e.g. wollastonite
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3427—Silicates other than clay, e.g. water glass
- C04B2235/3463—Alumino-silicates other than clay, e.g. mullite
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/40—Metallic constituents or additives not added as binding phase
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/60—Production of ceramic materials or ceramic elements, e.g. substitution of clay or shale by alternative raw materials, e.g. ashes
Abstract
The application relates to the field of ceramic manufacturing, and particularly discloses a low-deformation ceramic biscuit and a preparation process thereof, wherein the low-deformation ceramic biscuit comprises 10-20 parts of iron powder, the particle size of the iron powder is 200-500 mu m, 45-65 parts of water and ceramic slurry, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: iron powder and ceramic slurry intensive mixing obtain the premix, pour the premix into the gypsum mould again, let in nitrogen gas in with the gypsum mould again, obtain the pottery through slip casting and annotate the piece, the pottery annotates the piece and obtains the ceramic biscuit through hot pressing sintering, the ceramic biscuit of the low deformation of this application can be used to ceramic manufacture, and it has the rejection rate that reduces the ceramic biscuit, makes the ceramic biscuit of firing be difficult to the advantage that warp.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of ceramic manufacturing, and more particularly, to a low-deformation ceramic biscuit and a process for preparing the same.
Background
The ceramic is a general term of pottery and porcelain, is also an industrial art in China, and is wild and simple ancient painted pottery and black pottery in China in the age of the stone novelties. Ceramics have different textures and properties. The pottery is made of clay with high viscosity and strong plasticity as main raw material, and is opaque, has fine pores and weak water absorption, and makes sound turbid. The porcelain is made of clay, feldspar and quartz, is semitransparent, does not absorb water, is corrosion resistant, has hard and compact matrix, and is crisp when being knocked. The traditional ceramic handicraft in China is high in quality, beautiful in shape, high in artistic value and famous in the world.
In the prior art, the ceramic biscuit is formed by sintering slurry, the water content in the slurry can directly influence the shrinkage rate of the ceramic biscuit, the slurry can evaporate water in the sintering process, the slurry with high water content evaporates greatly, the evaporation amount of the water in the slurry is in direct proportion to the shrinkage rate of the slurry, and after the water in the slurry evaporates in the sintering process, the shrinkage phenomenon exists, so that the sintered ceramic biscuit finished product is easy to deform, and the rejection rate is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a ceramic biscuit with low deformation in order to reduce the rejection rate of the ceramic biscuit and ensure that the fired ceramic biscuit is not easy to deform.
In order to obtain a ceramic biscuit with low deformation, the application provides a preparation process of the ceramic biscuit with low deformation.
In a first aspect, the present application provides a low-deformation ceramic biscuit, which adopts the following technical solution.
The low-deformation ceramic biscuit is prepared by stirring and mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight:
10-20 parts of iron powder, wherein the particle size of the iron powder is 200-500 mu m,
45-65 parts of water, namely,
the ceramic slurry comprises 1-3 parts of wollastonite, 10-20 parts of Zhangcun soil, 7-9 parts of Xuanning porcelain stone, 7-9 parts of Funing porcelain stone, 13-17 parts of feldspar, 1-4 parts of inner Mongolia black mud, 9-12 parts of ball clay, 9-12 parts of inner Mongolia wood knot, 2-5 parts of later New autumn martial soil, 8-12 parts of Qinyang soil, 6-8 parts of enclosure soil, 2-4 parts of Yongchun soil, 5-7 parts of star soil and 4-6 parts of porcelain powder.
By adopting the technical scheme, in the process of firing ceramic slurry, because the sintering temperature is high, the slurry can be evaporated in the sintering process, because the water content in the slurry can directly influence the shrinkage rate of a ceramic biscuit, water in the ceramic slurry is evaporated, the shrinkage rate of the ceramic slurry is increased, and the iron powder is added to be mixed with the ceramic slurry.
Preferably, the ceramic biscuit raw material also comprises 2-4 parts of an anti-settling agent.
By adopting the technical scheme, because the density of the iron powder is high, when the iron powder is directly mixed with the ceramic slurry, most of the iron powder can sink, and the effect of fully mixing the iron powder and the ceramic slurry is poor, so that the anti-settling agent is added, the possibility of iron powder sinking can be reduced, and the mixing effect of the iron powder and the ceramic slurry is improved.
Preferably, the anti-settling agent is fumed silica.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, fumed silica not only has the effect that prevents the iron powder and precipitate, can also improve the mixed degree between iron powder and the ceramic slurry, still has the effect of cohesiveness, so it is better to select for use fumed silica's effect, uses silicon dioxide as preventing the agent that sinks, improves the qualification rate of ceramic biscuit.
Preferably, the ceramic biscuit raw material also comprises 5-9 parts of a water reducing agent.
By adopting the technical scheme, when the ceramic biscuit is prepared, an operator needs to pour ceramic slurry into the ceramic mold, the ceramic slurry is fluid, the plasticity is poor before forming, the water reducing agent is added to adsorb partial water in the ceramic biscuit, the water content of the ceramic biscuit is reduced, the plasticity of the ceramic biscuit is improved, the shrinkage of the ceramic biscuit is reduced, and the qualification rate of the ceramic biscuit is improved.
Preferably, the water reducing agent is polycarboxylic acid.
By adopting the technical scheme, the polycarboxylic acid is used as the water reducing agent, partial water in the ceramic slurry is absorbed, the plasticity of the ceramic slurry is improved, the strength of the ceramic biscuit can also be improved, the effect of reducing the shrinkage of the ceramic biscuit is better, and the qualification rate of the ceramic biscuit is improved.
In a second aspect, the present application provides a process for preparing a low-deformation ceramic biscuit, which adopts the following technical scheme:
a preparation process of a ceramic biscuit with low deformation comprises the following steps,
a1: fully mixing iron powder and ceramic slurry to obtain a premix;
a2: injecting the premix into a gypsum mould at high pressure, and performing slip casting to obtain a ceramic injection piece;
a3: and hot-pressing and sintering the ceramic injection piece to obtain a ceramic biscuit.
By adopting the technical scheme, the iron powder and the ceramic slurry are fully mixed, the dust-proof agent can fully mix the iron powder and the ceramic slurry, the possibility of the iron powder sinking to the bottom is reduced, and the plasticity of the ceramic biscuit after being molded can be improved by the water reducing agent, so that the qualified rate of the ceramic biscuit is improved.
Preferably, the iron powder is protected by a nitrogen atmosphere during the reaction.
By adopting the technical scheme, the nitrogen is added in the iron powder reaction process, so that the phenomenon that iron cannot react with water vapor after being oxidized by oxygen in the reaction process can be avoided, and the reaction effect of the iron and the water vapor is improved.
Preferably, the method comprises the following steps:
s1: fully mixing iron powder and ceramic slurry to obtain a premix;
s2: injecting the pre-mixture into a gypsum mould, introducing nitrogen atmosphere into the gypsum mould, and performing slip casting to obtain a ceramic injection piece;
s3: and hot-pressing and sintering the ceramic injection piece to obtain a ceramic biscuit.
By adopting the technical scheme, the iron powder and the ceramic slurry are fully mixed, nitrogen atmosphere is introduced into the gypsum mould under the action of high temperature and high pressure, the nitrogen can effectively prevent the iron powder from being oxidized, the conversion rate of converting the iron powder into the ferroferric oxide is improved, and the ferroferric oxide plays a certain compensation role in the shrinkage of the ceramic slurry, so that the shrinkage rate of a ceramic biscuit is reduced, and the qualification rate of the ceramic biscuit is improved.
In summary, the present application has the following beneficial effects:
1. because the iron powder is adopted, the iron powder reacts with water vapor under the regulation of high pressure and high temperature to generate the ferroferric oxide, and the volume of the iron powder is expanded after the iron powder is converted into the ferroferric oxide, so that a certain compensation effect is realized on the shrinkage of the ceramic slurry in the sintering process, the shrinkage rate of the ceramic biscuit is reduced, and the qualified rate of the ceramic biscuit is improved;
2. the water reducing agent is preferably adopted, and can play a certain water absorbing effect on the ceramic slurry due to the water reducing agent, so that the plasticity of the ceramic slurry in a gypsum mould is improved, the strength of a ceramic biscuit can be improved, and the quality of the ceramic biscuit is improved;
3. according to the method, nitrogen is introduced into the gypsum mold for protection, so that the iron powder and water vapor can be effectively prevented from being oxidized in the reaction process, the conversion rate of converting the iron powder into ferroferric oxide is improved, and the quality of a ceramic biscuit is improved.
Detailed Description
The raw material sources are as follows:
wherein the particle size of the fumed silica is 15 nm;
example 1
The low-deformation ceramic biscuit is prepared by stirring and mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight:
15 parts of iron powder, wherein the particle size of the iron powder is 350 mu m,
55 parts of water, namely, water,
105 parts of ceramic slurry, wherein the ceramic slurry comprises 2 parts of wollastonite, 15 parts of Zhangcun soil, 8 parts of Xuanhua porcelain stone, 8 parts of soothing porcelain stone, 14 parts of feldspar, 3 parts of inner Mongolia black mud, 11 parts of ball clay, 11 parts of inner Mongolia wood knot, 3 parts of later New autumn gunpowder, 10 parts of Qinyang soil, 7 parts of enclosure soil, 3 parts of Yongchun soil, 6 parts of star soil and 5 parts of porcelain powder.
3 parts of anti-settling agent, wherein the anti-settling agent is fumed silica with the particle size of 15nm,
7 parts of a water reducing agent, wherein the water reducing agent is preferably polycarboxylic acid.
A preparation process of a low-deformation ceramic biscuit comprises the following steps:
s1: fully mixing iron powder and ceramic slurry for 2 hours to obtain a premix;
s2: injecting the pre-mixture into a gypsum mould under the condition that the pressure is 10MPa, and performing grouting forming for 3 hours to obtain a ceramic injection piece;
s3: and hot-pressing and sintering the ceramic injection piece in a nitrogen atmosphere for 18 hours to obtain a ceramic biscuit.
A ceramic greenbody having a low deformation was produced by the above-mentioned manufacturing process, by changing the amount of the raw materials used in the production process in examples 2 to 5 and by using the same operation steps and parameters as in example 1, the ceramic greenbodies of examples 1 to 5 were obtained, and the specific amounts of the raw materials used in examples 1 to 5 are shown in Table 1 below.
Table 1, examples 1-5 specific raw material usage tables.
The low deformation ceramic greenware obtained in examples 1 to 5 were tested.
1. Shrinkage test
The shrinkage was measured by preparing tiles of 40 × 0.2cm in size according to the method specified in QB/T1548-2015, based on the starting materials and their preparation.
2. Testing the qualification rate
And (3) testing the qualification rate of the ceramic biscuit produced by each group of consumption, randomly selecting 100 ceramic biscuits for spot inspection in each group, recording the deformation as unqualified, and checking the quantity of qualified products.
The test results are as follows.
Table 2, shrinkage and yield test results for ceramic greenware obtained in examples 1 to 5.
| Test items | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Example 4 | Example 5 |
| Shrinkage ratio/% | 14.71 | 15.46 | 15.34 | 15.02 | 15.3 |
| Number of qualified items/ | 100 | 97 | 96 | 94 | 98 |
As can be seen from the above table, the shrinkage and the number of finished products of example 1 are both superior to those of examples 2-5, so the amount of example 1 is the optimum amount in the present application, the shrinkage of the ceramic green body produced is the lowest, and the number of finished products is the largest.
Comparative example 1
A low-deformation ceramic biscuit is based on the biscuit in the example 1, iron powder is not added, and the rest of the operation steps and parameters are the same as the biscuit in the example 1.
Comparative example 2
A low-deformation ceramic biscuit is based on the biscuit in the embodiment 1, no anti-settling agent is added, and the rest operation steps and parameters are the same as the biscuit in the embodiment 1.
Comparative example 3
A low-deformation ceramic biscuit is based on example 1, and is not added with a water reducing agent, and the rest operation steps and parameters are the same as those of example 1.
Comparative example 4
A ceramic biscuit with low deformation is based on the ceramic biscuit in the embodiment 1, and is not protected by adding nitrogen atmosphere, and the rest operation steps and parameters are the same as the ceramic biscuit in the embodiment 1.
Example 6
A low-deformation ceramic biscuit is based on example 1, organic bentonite is selected as an anti-settling agent, and the rest operation steps and parameters are the same as those of example 1.
Example 7
A low-deformation ceramic biscuit is based on example 1, polyolefin wax is selected as an anti-settling agent, and the rest operation steps and parameters are the same as those of example 1.
Example 8
A low-deformation ceramic biscuit is based on example 1, sodium hexametaphosphate is selected as a water reducing agent, and the rest operation steps and parameters are the same as those in example 1.
Example 9
A low-deformation ceramic biscuit is based on example 1, sodium tripolyphosphate is selected as a water reducing agent, and the rest operation steps and parameters are the same as those in example 1.
Example 10
A low-deformation ceramic biscuit is based on the example 1, the grain diameter of iron powder is 200 μm, and the rest of the operation steps and parameters are the same as the example 1.
Example 11
A low-deformation ceramic biscuit is based on the example 1, the grain diameter of iron powder is 500 μm, and the rest of the operation steps and parameters are the same as the example 1.
Comparative examples 1-5 and examples 6-11 were tested.
The test results are given in the table below.
Table 3, comparative examples 1-5 and examples 6-11 shrinkage and yield test results.
As can be seen from the test results in the table above, in example 1, compared with the comparative example, when no iron powder is added to the ceramic slurry, the number of the qualified ceramic biscuits is lower, and the shrinkage rate of the finally prepared ceramic biscuit is larger, so that the addition of the iron powder can not only reduce the shrinkage rate of the ceramic biscuit, but also improve the qualification rate of the ceramic biscuit.
As can be seen from example 1 and comparative example 2, when the anti-settling agent was not added to the ceramic slurry, the shrinkage rate of the ceramic green body was improved as compared with comparative example 1, but the shrinkage rate in comparative example 2 was still relatively low, so that the shrinkage rate of the ceramic green body could be improved by adding the anti-settling agent.
As can be seen from the example 1 and the comparative example 3, when the water reducing agent is not added into the ceramic slurry, the ceramic biscuit yield is low, the shrinkage rate is high, and the addition of the water reducing agent can not only improve the ceramic biscuit yield, but also reduce the shrinkage rate of the ceramic biscuit.
As can be seen from example 1 and comparative example 4, the ceramic biscuit yield was low when no nitrogen atmosphere was introduced, so that the ceramic biscuit yield could be improved when nitrogen was introduced as the protective gas atmosphere.
As can be seen from examples 1 and 6 to 7, since the shrinkage of the ceramic body is large when the fumed silica is replaced with the organobentonite and the yield of the ceramic body is low when the fumed silica is replaced with the polyolefin wax, the anti-settling agent is preferably fumed silica, and the shrinkage of the ceramic body can be reduced and the yield of the ceramic body can be improved.
As can be seen from examples 1 and 8 to 9, when the polycarboxylic acid is replaced by sodium hexametaphosphate, the shrinkage rate of the ceramic biscuit is large and the yield is low, and when the polycarboxylic acid is replaced by sodium tripolyphosphate, the yield of the ceramic biscuit is low, so that the ceramic biscuit prepared by preferably using the polycarboxylic acid as the water reducing agent has low shrinkage rate and high yield.
As can be seen from examples 1 and 10 to 11, the yield of the ceramic biscuit is low when the particle size of the iron powder is 200 μm or 500. mu.m, so that the yield of the ceramic biscuit obtained is high when the particle size of the iron powder is preferably 350. mu.m.
The present embodiment is only for explaining the present application, and it is not limited to the present application, and those skilled in the art can make modifications of the present embodiment without inventive contribution as needed after reading the present specification, but all of them are protected by patent law within the scope of the claims of the present application.
Claims (8)
1. A low-deformation ceramic biscuit characterized in that: the material is prepared by stirring and mixing the following raw materials in parts by weight:
10-20 parts of iron powder, wherein the particle size of the iron powder is 200-500 mu m,
45-65 parts of water, namely,
the ceramic slurry comprises 1-3 parts of wollastonite, 10-20 parts of Zhangcun soil, 7-9 parts of Xuanhua porcelain stone, 7-9 parts of Funing porcelain stone, 13-17 parts of feldspar, 1-4 parts of inner Mongolian black mud, 9-12 parts of ball clay, 9-12 parts of inner Mongolian wood knot, 2-5 parts of later New autumn martial soil, 8-12 parts of Qinyang soil, 6-8 parts of enclosure soil, 2-4 parts of Yongchun soil, 5-7 parts of star soil and 4-6 parts of porcelain powder.
2. A low-deformation ceramic biscuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: the ceramic raw material also comprises 2-4 parts of an anti-settling agent.
3. A low-deformation ceramic biscuit according to claim 2, characterized in that: the anti-settling agent is fumed silica.
4. A low-deformation ceramic biscuit according to claim 1, characterized in that: the ceramic raw material also comprises 5-9 parts of a water reducing agent.
5. A low-deformation ceramic biscuit according to claim 4, characterized in that: the water reducing agent is polycarboxylic acid.
6. Process for the preparation of a ceramic biscuit with low deformation according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,
a1: fully mixing iron powder and ceramic slurry to obtain a premix;
a2: injecting the premix into a gypsum mould at high pressure, and performing slip casting to obtain a ceramic injection piece;
a3: and hot-pressing and sintering the ceramic injection piece to obtain a ceramic biscuit.
7. The process for preparing a ceramic biscuit having low deformation according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the reaction process of the iron powder is protected by nitrogen atmosphere.
8. Process for the preparation of a ceramic biscuit with low deformation according to any of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: fully mixing iron powder and ceramic slurry to obtain a premix;
s2: injecting the pre-mixture into a gypsum mould, and performing slip casting to obtain a ceramic injection piece;
s3: and carrying out hot-pressing sintering on the ceramic injection piece in a nitrogen atmosphere to obtain a ceramic biscuit.
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2020
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| WO1994014728A1 (en) * | 1992-12-28 | 1994-07-07 | Yugengaisha Ado Seramikkusu Kenkyusho | Ceramic sintered body having metallic skeleton |
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| WO2014157984A1 (en) * | 2013-03-28 | 2014-10-02 | Ko Kwang Sik | Method for manufacturing ceramic block using sewage/wastewater sludge |
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| CN106747328A (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2017-05-31 | 陈玉灿 | A kind of ceramic potter's clay and preparation method thereof |
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