CN112721668A - Position self-alignment device of dynamic wireless charging system and charging control method thereof - Google Patents
Position self-alignment device of dynamic wireless charging system and charging control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112721668A CN112721668A CN202011602951.8A CN202011602951A CN112721668A CN 112721668 A CN112721668 A CN 112721668A CN 202011602951 A CN202011602951 A CN 202011602951A CN 112721668 A CN112721668 A CN 112721668A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
- B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
- B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
- B60L53/126—Methods for pairing a vehicle and a charging station, e.g. establishing a one-to-one relation between a wireless power transmitter and a wireless power receiver
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
- H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
- H02J50/90—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving detection or optimisation of position, e.g. alignment
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
Abstract
The invention discloses a position self-aligning device of a dynamic wireless charging system and a charging control method thereof. The wireless power supply system is matched with the position control system; the vehicle-mounted receiving end device is used for picking up a high-frequency magnetic field excited by the transmitting coil in space and generating induction voltage to supply power to a vehicle-mounted battery, and the position detection coil is used for detecting the offset distance of the vehicle relative to the central line of the ground transmitting coil; the voltage sensor is used for reading the open-circuit voltage in the position detection coil and sending voltage information to the micro control unit; the magnetic field shielding device is used for shielding a leakage magnetic field generated by the receiving coil from interfering the position detection coil so as to ensure the precision of the detection coil; the transmission device is used for adjusting the position of the vehicle-mounted receiving end, so that the receiving coil and the bipolar transmitting coil are in opposite positions at any time in the driving process. The invention utilizes the position self-aligning device to ensure that the vehicle-mounted receiving coil and the transmitting coil are in opposite positions, thereby avoiding the reduction of output power and transmission efficiency caused by the deviation of a vehicle in the driving process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of wireless charging; in particular to a position self-aligning device of a dynamic wireless charging system and a charging control method thereof.
Background
The electric automobile has the advantages of low exhaust emission and high energy conversion efficiency, is a main scheme which is recognized in the world and effectively solves the problems of environmental pollution and energy shortage, gradually becomes a representative of new energy automobiles, and attracts the interest of automobile manufacturers at home and abroad. However, at present, electric vehicles are mainly charged by a contact charging method, and there are disadvantages such as poor safety, low flexibility, long charging time, low protection safety level, and poor environmental suitability during charging. Meanwhile, the traditional contact type charging mode does not fundamentally solve the problem of insufficient endurance mileage of the electric automobile, and the popularization of the electric automobile which is limited to a great extent in the whole country is avoided. In order to solve the above problems, a dynamic wireless charging technology is developed. The technology can realize the transmission of electric energy from a power grid to the vehicle-mounted battery in the driving process of the electric automobile in a non-contact mode, and no electrical connection exists in the whole charging process, so that the electric automobile is free from the constraint of a charging wire, the endurance mileage of the vehicle is greatly improved, and the technology has important significance in popularization and promotion of the electric automobile.
In the dynamic wireless charging process, under the influence of artificial driving and traffic environment, the electric automobile inevitably deviates from the optimal driving route, so that the vehicle-mounted receiving coil and the transmitting coil below the road surface cannot be kept right at any time. The mutual inductance and the coupling coefficient can be reduced by the offset of the vehicle-mounted receiving end, so that the charging power and the transmission efficiency of the system are reduced. When the offset distance is too large, the output voltage of the receiving coil may even be lower than the voltage of the vehicle-mounted battery, so that the vehicle cannot be normally charged. Therefore, the problem of receiving end deviation in the driving process becomes a key problem to be solved urgently in the dynamic wireless charging system.
In order to solve the above-mentioned shortcomings, various research institutes at home and abroad have conducted many researches on the side shift problem and the position self-alignment method in the wireless charging system of the electric vehicle. The existing document proposes a DD-type wide receiving coil structure, which reduces the sensitivity of the system to the side shift of the receiving end by increasing the width of the receiving coil, thereby increasing the tolerance of the vehicle-mounted receiving end against offset. However, the receiving coil with the excessive width in the structure not only increases the self weight of the vehicle-mounted receiving end, but also reduces the coupling coefficient between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil, thereby reducing the system efficiency. The existing document also provides a self-decoupling double receiving coil structure, two rectangular receiving coils are overlapped along the lateral moving direction, and are connected in parallel after being subjected to uncontrolled rectification, and a receiving coil with higher induced voltage supplies power to a vehicle-mounted storage battery. The structure improves the allowed lateral movement distance of the vehicle through the intermittent power supply of the two receiving coils. However, the structure has the disadvantages of high cost and low utilization rate of devices because only one coil normally works for two receiving coils of the structure at any time. The prior art provides a device and a method for detecting the relative position of a transmitting coil and a receiving coil in wireless power transmission, and the position self-alignment between the transmitting coil and the receiving coil can be effectively realized through a detection coil. However, this solution is only applicable to static wireless charging of an electric vehicle, and is not applicable to a dynamic wireless charging system in which the vehicle position changes constantly.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention discloses a position self-aligning device of a dynamic wireless charging system and a charging control method thereof, which detect the offset distance of a vehicle through a vehicle-mounted detection coil, and make a vehicle-mounted receiving coil and a transmitting coil in opposite positions by utilizing a transmission device, thereby effectively improving the offset tolerance of the vehicle and avoiding the reduction of output power and transmission efficiency caused by the offset of the vehicle in the driving process. Meanwhile, the position self-alignment device of the wireless charging system and the control method thereof can monitor the relative position of the vehicle-mounted receiving end and the ground transmitting coil in real time, so that the receiving coil and the transmitting coil are in opposite positions in the whole driving process, and the system is constantly ensured to work in a working state with the highest output power and transmission efficiency.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a position self-aligning device of a dynamic wireless charging system comprises a vehicle-mounted receiving end device 2, a position detection coil 3, a voltage sensor 4, a magnetic field shielding device 5 and a transmission device 6,
the vehicle-mounted receiving end device 2 is used for picking up a high-frequency magnetic field excited by the transmitting coil in the space and generating induction voltage to supply power to a vehicle-mounted battery
The position detection coil 3 is used for detecting the offset distance of the vehicle relative to the central line of the ground transmitting coil;
the voltage sensor 4 is used for reading the open-circuit voltage in the position detection coil and sending voltage information to the micro control unit;
the magnetic field shielding device 5 is used for shielding a leakage magnetic field generated by the receiving coil from interfering the position detection coil so as to ensure the precision of the detection coil;
the transmission device 6 is used for adjusting the position of the vehicle-mounted receiving end, so that the receiving coil and the bipolar transmitting coil 1 are in opposite positions at any time in the driving process.
Further, the vehicle-mounted receiving end device 2 comprises a receiving coil 21, a receiving end magnetic core 22, a coil housing 23, a receiving end housing 24 and a receiving end housing cover plate 25; the receiving coil 21 is a DD-type receiving coil, the receiving coil 21 is disposed in a coil housing 23, a receiving end magnetic core 22 is disposed above the coil housing 23, and a receiving end housing 24 is disposed above the receiving end magnetic core 22; the transmission rack 63 of the transmission device 6 is arranged above the receiving end shell 24, the receiving end shell 24 and the transmission rack 63 are fixedly arranged, the receiving end shell cover plate 25 is arranged on the lower surface of the coil shell 23, and the receiving end shell cover plate 25 is connected with the receiving end shell 24 through non-magnetic conduction screws.
Further, the position detection coil 3 includes N DD-type coils, where N is a positive integer, and N is 3,5,7 …; the position detection coil 3 and the receiving coil 21 are on the same horizontal plane and are arranged outside the vehicle-mounted receiving end device; the placing direction of the position detection coil 3 is the same as that of the receiving coil 21; the N position detection coils 3 are arranged along the lateral moving direction, wherein the central axis of the first position detection coil 3 is superposed with the central axis of the receiving coil, and the 2 nd to the N th position detection coils are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the central axis of the receiving coil; the distance between any two adjacent position detection coils is the same.
Further, the position detection coils 3 are all open coils.
Further, the voltage sensor 4 is disposed outside the vehicle-mounted receiving end device 2, and is configured to measure induced voltages in the N position detection coils 3.
Further, magnetic field shield 5 includes shielding magnetic core 51 and shielding aluminum plate 52, magnetic field shield 5 installs between on-vehicle receiving terminal device 1 and position detection coil 3, shielding magnetic core 51 installs in being close to on-vehicle receiving terminal device 1 one side, shielding aluminum plate 52 installs in being close to position detection coil 3 one side.
Further, the transmission device 6 comprises a stepping motor 61, a transmission gear 62 and a transmission rack 63; the transmission rack 63 is fixedly connected with the upper part of the vehicle-mounted receiving end device 2; the transmission gear 62 is connected with an output shaft of the stepping motor 61 and meshed with the transmission rack 63, the stepping motor 61 is controlled by the MCU, and the transmission gear 62 is driven according to a voltage signal in the position detection coil 3, so that the central axis of the vehicle-mounted receiving coil 21 is overlapped with the central axis of the ground bipolar type 1.
As shown in fig. 9, a charging control method for a position self-alignment device of a dynamic wireless charging system includes the following steps:
step 1: when a vehicle drives into a road with a wireless charging function, after a driver sends a pre-charging signal, a ground-end high-frequency inversion source supplies power to a transmitting coil, and meanwhile, a vehicle-mounted receiving coil is conducted;
step 2: detecting the amplitude of the induced voltage in each position detection coil through a voltage sensor, wherein the amplitude is U1., Ui., Un, and the detected voltage information is sent to an on-board Micro Control Unit (MCU);
and step 3: the MCU compares the detected induced voltage U1., Ui., Un with the amplitude of a preset threshold voltage Unset, if U1., Ui. and Un are all smaller than Unset, the vehicle is indicated to completely run out of a charging area, and at the moment, prompt information that the vehicle runs out of the charging area is sent, and a vehicle-mounted receiving coil is cut off; otherwise, performing step 4;
and 4, step 4: determining the sidesway distance between the vehicle-mounted receiving coil and the ground transmitting coil according to the amplitude of the induction voltage U1., Ui., Un in the position detecting coil; recording the central axis position of the position detection coil with the highest voltage amplitude, and defining the position as the central axis position of the transmitting coil;
and 5: the MCU generates a control signal to the stepping motor, and drives the vehicle-mounted receiving end device to move along the lateral movement direction until the central axis of the receiving coil is superposed with the central axis of the position detection coil with the highest voltage amplitude, and the receiving coil and the transmitting coil are in opposite positions;
step 6: repeating the steps 2 to 5, and monitoring the relative position of the vehicle-mounted receiving end and the ground transmitting coil in real time in the running process of the vehicle so that the receiving coil and the transmitting coil are in opposite positions in the whole running process; until the vehicle is driven out of the charging area or the driver sends a charging stop signal.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention can detect the vehicle offset distance by the vehicle-mounted detection coil in the running process of the vehicle, and the vehicle-mounted receiving coil and the transmitting coil are in opposite positions by using the transmission device, thereby effectively improving the offset tolerance of the vehicle and improving the output power and the transmission efficiency in the dynamic wireless charging process.
The position self-alignment device of the wireless charging system and the control method thereof can monitor the relative position of the vehicle-mounted receiving end and the ground transmitting coil in real time in the vehicle running process, so that the receiving coil and the transmitting coil are in opposite positions in the whole running process, and the system is constantly ensured to work in a working state with the highest output power and transmission efficiency.
The position detection coil has high alignment precision, adopts an open coil structure, has no energy loss in the detection process, and can effectively reduce the cost compared with the traditional camera and an infrared positioning device.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a system block diagram of a wireless charging system according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a top view of fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a side view of fig. 2.
FIG. 5 is a schematic axial side assembly of the invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic structural view of the position detection coil and the magnetic field shielding device according to the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the transmission device for adjusting the position of the receiving end according to the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating the operation of the self-alignment apparatus for the position of the receiving end according to the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a flow chart of a method of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a schematic signal flow diagram of a position control system according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-10, the dynamic wireless charging system of the present invention is shown in fig. 1, and comprises a high frequency inverter, a transmitting end resonant capacitor, a bipolar transmitting coil, a vehicle-mounted receiving end device, a receiving end compensation circuit, a receiving end rectifying circuit, a receiving end DC/DC conversion device and a vehicle-mounted battery;
the high-frequency inverter, the transmitting end resonant capacitor and the transmitting coil are arranged below the ground; the high-frequency inversion source generates output voltage with the frequency of 20-85 kHz, and high-frequency alternating current is introduced into the bipolar transmitting coil after passing through the transmitting end compensation capacitor, so that a high-frequency magnetic field is generated in space; a receiving coil in the vehicle-mounted receiving end device picks up a magnetic field generated by the transmitting coil to generate high-frequency induction voltage, the high-frequency induction voltage is converted into direct-current voltage by a receiving end rectifying circuit and then is connected with the input end of a receiving end DC/DC conversion device, and the direct-current voltage is converted into proper voltage according to the charging voltage of a vehicle-mounted battery and then is charged to the battery;
the transmitting end compensation capacitor resonates with the transmitting coil, and the resonant frequency is the same as the working frequency of the high-frequency inversion source, so that the power capacity of the high-frequency inversion source is reduced; the bipolar transmitting coil is of an 8-shaped coil structure, so that the leakage magnetic field on two sides of the transmitting coil can be effectively reduced; the receiving end compensation circuit can adopt a series compensation or LCL (lower control limit) and other composite compensation circuits, and is used for reducing the reactive power of the system and improving the power factor of the system;
a position self-aligning device of a dynamic wireless charging system comprises a vehicle-mounted receiving end device 2, a position detection coil 3, a voltage sensor 4, a magnetic field shielding device 5 and a transmission device 6,
the vehicle-mounted receiving end device 2 is used for picking up a high-frequency magnetic field excited by the transmitting coil in the space and generating induction voltage to supply power to a vehicle-mounted battery
The position detection coil 3 is used for detecting the offset distance of the vehicle relative to the central line of the ground transmitting coil;
the voltage sensor 4 is used for reading the open-circuit voltage in the position detection coil and sending voltage information to the micro control unit;
the magnetic field shielding device 5 is used for shielding a leakage magnetic field generated by the receiving coil from interfering the position detection coil so as to ensure the precision of the detection coil;
the transmission device 6 is used for adjusting the position of the vehicle-mounted receiving end, so that the receiving coil and the bipolar transmitting coil 1 are in opposite positions at any time in the driving process.
Detecting the amplitude of the induced voltage in each position detection coil 3 by a voltage sensor;
the voltage sensor sends the detected voltage information to a vehicle-mounted Micro Control Unit (MCU);
the MCU determines the lateral movement distance between the vehicle-mounted receiving coil and the ground transmitting coil according to the voltage information; then, the MCU generates a control signal to the stepping motor to drive the vehicle-mounted receiving end device to move along the lateral movement direction until the central axis of the receiving coil coincides with the central axis of the position detection coil with the highest voltage amplitude, and at this time, the receiving coil and the transmitting coil are in the opposite positions as shown in fig. 10.
Further, the vehicle-mounted receiving end device 2 comprises a receiving coil 21, a receiving end magnetic core 22, a coil housing 23, a receiving end housing 24 and a receiving end housing cover plate 25; the receiving coil 21 is a DD-type receiving coil, the receiving coil 21 is disposed in a coil housing 23, a receiving end magnetic core 22 is disposed above the coil housing 23, and a receiving end housing 24 is disposed above the receiving end magnetic core 22; the transmission rack 63 of the transmission device 6 is arranged above the receiving end shell 24, the receiving end shell 24 and the transmission rack 63 are fixedly arranged, the receiving end shell cover plate 25 is arranged on the lower surface of the coil shell 23, and the receiving end shell cover plate 25 is connected with the receiving end shell 24 through non-magnetic conduction screws.
The receiving coil 21 is a DD-type receiving coil, and is formed by connecting two D coils with completely consistent parameters such as size, wire diameter, number of turns and the like in series in a reverse direction on a circuit; the winding directions of the two D coils are opposite, the directions of currents in any two adjacent transmitting coils are opposite, and the directions of generated magnetic fields are also opposite; the coil shell 23 is composed of an upper part and a lower part, is distributed on the upper surface and the lower surface of the receiving coil 21, and is matched to enable the receiving coil 21 to be completely embedded in the coil shell 23 to play a role in fixing the position of the receiving coil 21;
the receiving end magnetic core 22 is made of soft magnetic ferrite, the size of the receiving end magnetic core is slightly larger than that of the DD-type receiving coil, the receiving end magnetic core is spatially laid above the receiving coil and mounted on the upper surface of the coil shell 23, and the receiving end magnetic core is used for guiding the trend of magnetic lines of force and improving the mutual inductance and the coupling coefficient between the vehicle-mounted receiving coil and the ground bipolar transmitting coil;
the receiving end shell 24 is made of non-magnetic material, is arranged above the receiving end magnetic core 22, and is used for fixing the positions of the receiving coil and the receiving end magnetic core and providing protection for the receiving coil and the receiving end magnetic core; the upper part of the receiving end shell 24 is fixedly connected with a transmission rack 63 of the transmission device 6 and can move along the lateral moving direction along with the rack;
the receiving end shell cover plate 25 is mounted on the lower surfaces of the receiving coil 21 and the coil shell 23, is connected with the receiving end shell 24 through a non-magnetic conductive screw, wraps the whole receiving coil 21, the coil shell 23 and the receiving end magnetic core 22, and plays a role in supporting and protecting.
Further, the position detection coil 3 includes N DD-type coils, where N is a positive integer, and N is 3,5,7 …; the position detection coil 3 and the receiving coil 21 are on the same horizontal plane and are arranged outside the vehicle-mounted receiving end device; the placing direction of the position detection coil 3 is the same as that of the receiving coil 21, but the size of the position detection coil is smaller than that of the receiving coil; the N position detection coils 3 are arranged along the lateral moving direction, wherein the central axis of the first position detection coil 3 is superposed with the central axis of the receiving coil, and the 2 nd to the N th position detection coils are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the central axis of the receiving coil; the distance between any two adjacent position detection coils is the same.
The number of the position detection coils is determined by the detection accuracy required by the vehicle, and the detection accuracy of the vehicle offset distance can be increased by increasing the number of the position detection coils and reducing the distance between two adjacent detection coils.
Further, the position detection coils 3 are all open coils.
Further, the voltage sensor 4 is disposed outside the vehicle-mounted receiving end device 2, and is configured to measure induced voltages in the N position detection coils 3.
Further, the magnetic field shielding device 5 comprises a shielding magnetic core 51 and a shielding aluminum plate 52, wherein the shielding magnetic core 51 is made of soft magnetic ferrite; the magnetic field shielding device 5 is arranged between the vehicle-mounted receiving end device 1 and the position detection coil 3 and is used for shielding a leakage magnetic field generated by the receiving coil, so that the induced voltage in the position detection coil is only generated by the bipolar transmitting coil 1 to ensure the detection precision; the shielding magnetic core 51 is arranged at one side close to the vehicle-mounted receiving end device 1 and is used for guiding magnetic lines generated by the receiving coil; the shielding aluminum plate 52 is attached to the side close to the position detection coil 3. Generating a reverse magnetic field by using an eddy current effect to counteract a leakage magnetic field generated by the receiving coil; the installation positions of the shielding aluminum plate and the shielding magnetic core in the magnetic field shielding device can effectively reduce the loss of the leakage magnetic field in the shielding device, thereby improving the system efficiency.
Further, the transmission device 6 comprises a stepping motor 61, a transmission gear 62 and a transmission rack 63; the transmission rack 63 is fixedly connected with the upper part of the vehicle-mounted receiving end device 2 and is used for driving the vehicle-mounted receiving end to move; the transmission gear 62 is connected with an output shaft of the stepping motor 61, meshed with the transmission rack 63 and used for driving the transmission rack 63 to horizontally move along the lateral moving direction; the stepping motor 61 is controlled by the MCU, and drives the transmission gear 62 according to a voltage signal in the position detection coil 3, so that the central axis of the vehicle-mounted receiving coil 21 is overlapped with the central axis of the ground bipolar type 1, and the side shift tolerance of the wireless charging system is improved.
As shown in fig. 9, a charging control method for a position self-alignment device of a dynamic wireless charging system includes the following steps:
step 1: when a vehicle drives into a road with a wireless charging function, after a driver sends a pre-charging signal, a ground-end high-frequency inversion source supplies power to a transmitting coil, and meanwhile, a vehicle-mounted receiving coil is conducted;
step 2: detecting the amplitude of the induced voltage in each position detection coil through a voltage sensor, wherein the amplitude is U1., Ui., Un, and the detected voltage information is sent to an on-board Micro Control Unit (MCU);
and step 3: the MCU compares the detected induced voltage U1., Ui., Un with the amplitude of a preset threshold voltage Unset, if U1., Ui. and Un are all smaller than Unset, the vehicle is indicated to completely run out of a charging area, and at the moment, prompt information that the vehicle runs out of the charging area is sent, and a vehicle-mounted receiving coil is cut off; otherwise, performing step 4;
and 4, step 4: determining the sidesway distance between the vehicle-mounted receiving coil and the ground transmitting coil according to the amplitude of the induction voltage U1., Ui., Un in the position detecting coil; recording the central axis position of the position detection coil with the highest voltage amplitude, and defining the position as the central axis position of the transmitting coil;
and 5: the MCU generates a control signal to the stepping motor, and drives the vehicle-mounted receiving end device to move along the lateral movement direction until the central axis of the receiving coil is superposed with the central axis of the position detection coil with the highest voltage amplitude, and the receiving coil and the transmitting coil are in opposite positions;
step 6: repeating the steps 2 to 5, and monitoring the relative position of the vehicle-mounted receiving end and the ground transmitting coil in real time in the running process of the vehicle so that the receiving coil and the transmitting coil are in opposite positions in the whole running process; until the vehicle is driven out of the charging area or the driver sends a charging stop signal.
Example 2
The high-frequency inverter, the transmitting end resonant capacitor and the transmitting coil are arranged below the ground; the high-frequency inversion source generates output voltage with the frequency of 20-85 kHz, and high-frequency alternating current is introduced into the bipolar transmitting coil after passing through the transmitting end compensation capacitor, so that a high-frequency magnetic field is generated in space; a receiving coil in the vehicle-mounted receiving end device picks up a magnetic field generated by the transmitting coil to generate high-frequency induction voltage, the high-frequency induction voltage is converted into direct-current voltage by a receiving end rectifying circuit and then is connected with the input end of a receiving end DC/DC conversion device, and the direct-current voltage is converted into proper voltage according to the charging voltage of a vehicle-mounted battery and then is charged to the battery;
the transmitting end compensation capacitor resonates with the transmitting coil, and the resonant frequency is the same as the working frequency of the high-frequency inversion source, so that the power capacity of the high-frequency inversion source is reduced; the bipolar transmitting coil is of an 8-shaped coil structure, so that the leakage magnetic field on two sides of the transmitting coil can be effectively reduced; the receiving end compensation circuit can adopt a series compensation or LCL (lower control limit) and other composite compensation circuits, and is used for reducing the reactive power of the system and improving the power factor of the system;
the working principle of the invention is shown in figure 8.
In the dynamic wireless charging process of the vehicle, under the influence of artificial driving and traffic environment, the electric vehicle inevitably deviates from the optimal driving route, so that the vehicle-mounted receiving coil and the transmitting coil below the road surface cannot be kept right at any time, as shown in the left side of the attached drawing 8. At the moment, the transmitting coil can generate induced voltage in the vehicle-mounted position detecting coil, the voltage sensor transmits the amplitude information of the voltage U1., Ui., Un in the position detecting coil to the vehicle-mounted microprocessing unit (MCU), and then the lateral moving distance between the vehicle-mounted receiving coil and the ground transmitting coil is determined;
the MCU records the central axis position of the position detection coil with the highest voltage amplitude, and the position is defined as the central axis position of the transmitting coil; then, the MCU generates a control signal to the stepping motor, drives the vehicle-mounted receiving end device to move along the lateral moving direction until the central axis of the receiving coil is superposed with the central axis of the position detection coil with the highest voltage amplitude, and at the moment, the receiving coil and the transmitting coil are in opposite positions, so that the wireless charging system is ensured to work with the highest output power and transmission efficiency;
when the vehicle deflects again, the induced voltage signals in the position detection coils will change, the MCU redefines the position of the central axis of the transmitting coil according to the voltages of the induced voltages in the position detection coils, and then drives the stepping motor again to enable the vehicle-mounted receiving end coil to be aligned with the central axis of the transmitting coil, so that the purpose that the receiving coil and the transmitting coil are in the opposite positions in real time in the driving process is achieved.
Claims (8)
1. A position self-aligning device of a dynamic wireless charging system is characterized by comprising a vehicle-mounted receiving end device (2), a position detection coil (3), a voltage sensor (4), a magnetic field shielding device (5) and a transmission device (6),
the vehicle-mounted receiving end device (2) is used for picking up a high-frequency magnetic field excited by the transmitting coil in space and generating induction voltage to supply power to a vehicle-mounted battery
The position detection coil (3) is used for detecting the offset distance of the vehicle relative to the central line of the ground transmitting coil;
the voltage sensor (4) is used for reading the open-circuit voltage in the position detection coil and sending voltage information to the micro control unit;
the magnetic field shielding device (5) is used for shielding a leakage magnetic field generated by the receiving coil from interfering the position detection coil so as to ensure the precision of the detection coil;
the transmission device (6) is used for adjusting the position of the vehicle-mounted receiving end, so that the receiving coil and the bipolar transmitting coil (1) are in opposite positions at any time in the driving process.
2. The position self-alignment device of the dynamic wireless charging system according to claim 1, wherein the vehicle-mounted receiving end device (2) comprises a receiving coil (21), a receiving end magnetic core (22), a coil housing (23), a receiving end housing (24) and a receiving end housing cover plate (25); the receiving coil (21) is a DD-type receiving coil, the receiving coil (21) is arranged in a coil shell (23), a receiving end magnetic core (22) is arranged above the coil shell (23), and a receiving end shell (24) is arranged above the receiving end magnetic core (22); the transmission rack (63) of the transmission device (6) is arranged above the receiving end shell (24), the receiving end shell (24) is fixedly arranged with the transmission rack 63, the receiving end shell cover plate (25) is arranged on the lower surface of the coil shell (23), and the receiving end shell cover plate (25) is connected with the receiving end shell (24) through a non-magnetic conduction screw.
3. The position self-alignment device of a wireless charging system according to claim 1, wherein the position detection coil (3) comprises N DD-type coils, where N is a positive integer and N is 3,5,7 …; the position detection coil (3) and the receiving coil (21) are on the same horizontal plane and are arranged outside the vehicle-mounted receiving end device; the placing direction of the position detection coil (3) is the same as that of the receiving coil (21); the N position detection coils (3) are arranged along the lateral moving direction, wherein the central axis of the first position detection coil (3) is superposed with the central axis of the receiving coil, and the 2 nd to the Nth position detection coils are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the central axis of the receiving coil; the distance between any two adjacent position detection coils is the same.
4. A position self-aligning device of a dynamic wireless charging system according to claim 3, characterized in that said position detection coils (3) are all open coils.
5. The position self-alignment device of a wireless charging system according to claim 1, wherein the voltage sensor (4) is disposed outside the vehicle-mounted receiving end device (2) for measuring the induced voltage in the N position detection coils (3).
6. The position self-alignment device of the dynamic wireless charging system according to claim 1, wherein the magnetic field shielding device (5) comprises a shielding magnetic core (51) and a shielding aluminum plate (52), the magnetic field shielding device (5) is installed between the vehicle-mounted receiving end device (1) and the position detection coil (3), and the shielding magnetic core (51) is installed at a side close to the vehicle-mounted receiving end device (1); the shielding aluminum plate (52) is installed on one side close to the position detection coil (3).
7. The position self-alignment device of a dynamic wireless charging system according to claim 1, wherein the transmission device (6) comprises a stepping motor (61), a transmission gear (62) and a transmission rack (63); the transmission rack (63) is fixedly connected with the upper part of the vehicle-mounted receiving end device (2); the transmission gear (62) is connected with an output shaft of the stepping motor (61) and meshed with the transmission rack (63), the stepping motor (61) is controlled by the MCU, and the transmission gear (62) is driven according to a voltage signal in the position detection coil (3), so that the central axis of the vehicle-mounted receiving coil (21) is coincided with the central axis of the ground bipolar type (1).
8. The charging control method of the position self-alignment device of the dynamic wireless charging system according to claim 1, wherein the charging control method comprises the following steps:
step 1: when a vehicle drives into a road with a wireless charging function, after a driver sends a pre-charging signal, a ground-end high-frequency inversion source supplies power to a transmitting coil, and meanwhile, a vehicle-mounted receiving coil is conducted;
step 2: detecting the amplitude of the induced voltage in each position detection coil through a voltage sensor, wherein the amplitude is U1., Ui., Un, and the detected voltage information is sent to an on-board Micro Control Unit (MCU);
and step 3: the MCU compares the detected induced voltage U1., Ui., Un with the amplitude of a preset threshold voltage Unset, if U1., Ui. and Un are all smaller than Unset, the vehicle is indicated to completely run out of a charging area, and at the moment, prompt information that the vehicle runs out of the charging area is sent, and a vehicle-mounted receiving coil is cut off; otherwise, performing step 4;
and 4, step 4: determining the sidesway distance between the vehicle-mounted receiving coil and the ground transmitting coil according to the amplitude of the induction voltage U1., Ui., Un in the position detecting coil; recording the central axis position of the position detection coil with the highest voltage amplitude, and defining the position as the central axis position of the transmitting coil;
and 5: the MCU generates a control signal to the stepping motor, and drives the vehicle-mounted receiving end device to move along the lateral movement direction until the central axis of the receiving coil is superposed with the central axis of the position detection coil with the highest voltage amplitude, and the receiving coil and the transmitting coil are in opposite positions;
step 6: repeating the steps 2 to 5, and monitoring the relative position of the vehicle-mounted receiving end and the ground transmitting coil in real time in the running process of the vehicle so that the receiving coil and the transmitting coil are in opposite positions in the whole running process; until the vehicle is driven out of the charging area or the driver sends a charging stop signal.
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