CN112277669A - Segmented coil type electric automobile dynamic wireless charging system and method - Google Patents
Segmented coil type electric automobile dynamic wireless charging system and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112277669A CN112277669A CN202011230059.1A CN202011230059A CN112277669A CN 112277669 A CN112277669 A CN 112277669A CN 202011230059 A CN202011230059 A CN 202011230059A CN 112277669 A CN112277669 A CN 112277669A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
- B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
- B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
- B60L53/122—Circuits or methods for driving the primary coil, e.g. supplying electric power to the coil
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/72—Electric energy management in electromobility
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
Abstract
The invention relates to the wireless charging technology of electric automobiles, in particular to a dynamic wireless charging system and a dynamic wireless charging method of a segmented coil type electric automobile, wherein the charging system comprises an energy transmitting part and an energy receiving part; the energy transmitting part comprises a direct current bus, a primary side excitation source and a plurality of dynamic wireless charging units; the primary side excitation source comprises an inverter power supply, a primary side controller and a primary side series compensation network respectively; each dynamic wireless charging unit comprises a plurality of charging blocks, a program-controlled fling-cut switch and an electric energy parameter detection unit; each charging block includes a first transmitting coil block and a second transmitting coil block. On the basis of the same material, the transmitting coil can realize higher power output and has better economy. The magnetic flux above the transmitting coil can be maximized, and high-efficiency transmission is realized. The influence of electromagnetic radiation is avoided, and the breakdown of the overall charging system cannot be caused by the failure of a single transmitting coil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless charging of electric automobiles, and particularly relates to a segmented coil type dynamic wireless charging system and method for an electric automobile.
Background
At present, the development of automobiles is undergoing huge changes, more and more people go out and select electric automobiles, and from the perspective of energy conservation and environmental protection, the market development of the novel green intelligent transportation electric automobiles capable of replacing energy is undoubtedly very wide.
However, the development of the electric vehicle is not mature enough, and firstly, the existing power battery technology is in bottleneck of development, namely, a large-capacity battery needs to be carried for power supply during the driving process, the endurance time is short, and especially under some extreme conditions, the endurance mileage can be further reduced. Secondly, the existing charging infrastructure and standard system are built late, the electric automobile charging pile is limited, the charging standard is not uniform, and the convenient charging interface and service can not be provided for users.
At present, the charging mode of the electric automobile is divided into a wired charging mode and a wireless charging mode. The wired charging mode is that a charging station is built in a specific area, and a series of charging piles are installed in the charging station to meet the charging requirement of the electric automobile. The mode occupies a large area and is inconvenient for users to use. The wireless charging mode can greatly improve the defects of the wireless charging mode. The current wireless charging technology can be divided into three types: microwave radiation type, electric field coupling type, and magnetic field coupling type. In the prior art, a magnetic field coupling type is mainly adopted in the wireless charging technology of the electric automobile, and the principle is that a series of transmitting coils are embedded under the road surface, a high-frequency alternating magnetic field is generated through an electric energy conversion circuit, and a pickup coil arranged at the bottom of the electric automobile picks up energy, so that vehicle-mounted energy storage equipment is charged. The magnetic field coupling type wireless charging mode can prolong the endurance mileage of the electric automobile under the condition of carrying a small number of battery packs, so that electric energy can be supplied more safely and conveniently.
The wireless charging mode of the electric automobile can be divided into static wireless charging and dynamic wireless charging, the working principle of the charging mode of the electric automobile and the working principle of the charging mode of the electric automobile are the same as those of the system parameter design method, and the main difference lies in the design of a magnetic circuit mechanism. The dynamic wireless charging technology of the electric automobile can be subdivided into three types according to the difference of magnetic circuit mechanisms: coil array type, long guide rail type and sectional guide rail type. Three different magnetic circuit mechanisms will be briefly described below in terms of the number of coils and charging efficiency, voltage fluctuation, and construction period and cost.
The primary side coils required by the coil array type wireless charging system of the electric automobile are large in number, the control is complex, the construction period is long, and the output voltage is unstable due to the fact that the coil switching positions are large. The system has the advantages that the system energy transmission efficiency is high, and because the guide rail coils are independent in pairs, the fault of a single coil cannot affect other guide rail coils, and the system has strong reliability.
The wireless charging system of long guide rail formula electric automobile only has single transmission guide rail, and its system efficiency is lower, and breaks down when the guide rail and can make the unable normal work of full line. The method has the advantages of simple control, small output voltage fluctuation and short construction period.
The primary side guide rail that the wireless charging system of segmentation guide rail formula electric automobile required is more in quantity, is the transmitting coil chain that a plurality of small transmitting coils arranged in proper order and constitutes, and control is comparatively complicated, and the magnetic field that the segmentation guide rail produced has the great characteristics of lateral deviation, and charging range receives the restriction. The advantage is that its energy transmission efficiency is higher, and the construction cycle is moderate.
The long guide rail and the segment guide rail are collectively called a guide rail type, and are different in the length of the magnetic circuit mechanism. According to the traditional coil array type charging mode, the coils of the whole line are supplied with power, so that dynamic charging of the electric automobile is realized, but mutual inductance fluctuation is large in the driving process of the electric automobile. When the circle centers of the transmitting coil and the receiving coil of the electric automobile coincide, the coincidence area of the transmitting end and the receiving end is the largest, the transverse deviation of the magnetic field is 0, most of magnetic flux penetrates through the receiving coil of the electric automobile, and the energy transmission power is the largest. Along with the running of the electric automobile along the running direction, the overlapping area of the transmitting end and the receiving end is gradually reduced, the transverse deviation of the magnetic field is increased, and the transmission power of energy is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a novel magnetic circuit mechanism aiming at the existing wireless charging technology of an electric automobile, and the novel magnetic circuit mechanism is used for changing the structure of a dynamic wireless charging system of the electric automobile so as to enhance the field intensity generated by a transmitting end and improve the transmission efficiency of wireless electric energy.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a dynamic wireless charging system of a segmented coil type electric automobile comprises an energy transmitting part and an energy receiving part; the energy transmitting part comprises a direct current bus, a primary side excitation source and a plurality of dynamic wireless charging units; the primary side excitation source comprises an inverter power supply, a primary side controller and a primary side series compensation network respectively; each dynamic wireless charging unit comprises a plurality of charging blocks, a program-controlled fling-cut switch and an electric energy parameter detection unit; each charging block comprises a first transmitting coil block and a second transmitting coil block; the direct-current bus is connected with an inverter power supply, the inverter power supply is connected with a primary side series compensation network, and a first transmitting coil block and a second transmitting coil block are connected to the inverter power supply in parallel; the primary side controller is connected with the program-controlled switching switch, the program-controlled switching switch is respectively connected with the first transmitting coil block, the second transmitting coil block and the electric energy parameter detection unit, and the first transmitting coil block and the second transmitting coil block are connected in parallel and then connected in series with the electric energy parameter detection unit; the energy receiving part comprises a receiving coil, a high-frequency rectifying circuit, a secondary side compensation network and a load unit which are sequentially connected with the receiving coil; a plurality of charging blocks are arranged by adopting a sectional type guide rail and are embedded under a driving road surface, and a receiving coil is matched with a transmitting coil and is arranged at the bottom of the electric automobile.
In the above segmented coil type electric vehicle dynamic wireless charging system, the first transmitting coil block and the second transmitting coil block are linearly and tightly connected, the first transmitting coil block and the second transmitting coil block both comprise four transmitting coils arranged in halbach, the four transmitting coils are longitudinally and tightly arranged, the central deflection angle β of two adjacent transmitting coils is 45 °, and the four transmitting coils are connected in series; the four transmitting coils arranged in Halbach are all made of rare earth materials.
In the above-mentioned section coil type electric automobile dynamic wireless charging system, the first and second transmitting coil blocks have the same winding direction and structure, and one of the transmitting coil blocks is reversely connected to make the first and second transmitting coil blocks have a phase difference of 180 °.
In the above-mentioned segmented coil type electric vehicle dynamic wireless charging system, each transmitting coil arranged in halbach is wound by litz wire, and the shape thereof is cylindrical.
In the above-mentioned section coil type electric vehicle dynamic wireless charging system, data transmission is performed between the electric energy parameter detection unit and the primary side controller through an RS485 bus or a CAN bus.
A charging method of a segmented coil type electric automobile dynamic wireless charging system comprises a charging mode and a sleep mode;
and (3) charging mode: the dynamic wireless charging unit in the charging mode inputs a switching signal into the program-controlled switching switch, and the program-controlled switching switch is communicated to the primary side controller to realize continuous charging;
when the electric automobile does not pass through the wireless charging road section, the charging modules are connected to two ends of the electric energy parameter detection unit; when an electric automobile passes through a wireless charging section, a secondary side compensation network is in an inversion state, a coil current signal is sent from a secondary side to a primary side, a charging block generates a magnetic field, a loop of a receiving coil and the charging block generates induced current, an alternating flux linkage changes backflow current of each transmitting coil block, an electric energy parameter detection unit detects the backflow current and transmits a detection result to a primary side controller, the primary side controller outputs a charging mode instruction to a program-controlled switching switch, the program-controlled switching switch is communicated to the charging block, and a dynamic wireless charging unit is converted into a charging mode from a sleep mode;
in the charging mode, aiming at electric automobiles with different speeds, the switching signals are adjusted; the period of the electric automobile switching signal with the higher speed is smaller than that of the electric automobile switching signal with the lower speed; if the speed of the electric automobile is greatly changed, the command priority of the primary side controller is higher than that of the program-controlled switching switch, and the conversion from the charging mode to the sleep mode is executed after the primary side controller sends a command;
a sleep mode: the dynamic wireless charging unit in the sleep mode inputs switching signals to the program-controlled switching switch, and the program-controlled switching switch is communicated to the charging block to enable the charging system to enter the sleep state;
in the sleep mode, the method is only sent out when no new electric automobile appears within a specified distance behind the current dynamic wireless charging unit; when no new automobile appears within a specified distance behind the dynamic wireless charging unit and the current of the charging block loop is reduced to the minimum value, the dynamic wireless charging unit is converted into the sleep mode from the charging mode.
In the charging method of the segmented coil type electric vehicle dynamic wireless charging system, the method further comprises the steps of connecting the electric vehicle to the internet, and realizing charging of a plurality of electric vehicles on a charging lane;
the dynamic wireless charging unit acquires data of speed and position information of the electric automobile and electric quantity data of a vehicle-mounted battery of the electric automobile through the Internet; taking the speed and position information of the electric automobile as a basis, the charging module receives a dynamic wireless charging unit instruction in advance, and the charging module adjacent to the electric automobile is awakened to enter a charging working state; when a subsequent electric automobile enters a wireless charging section along with the previous one, the charging block which is originally in the working state is still in the charging working state before a sleep working instruction of the primary side controller is not received, and the priority of the charging working instruction is higher than that of the sleep working instruction; in the charging system, the charging power is matched according to the data of the speed and position information of the electric vehicle.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. compared with the conventional coil design mode, the invention can minimize the leakage flux of the transmitting coil under the same input power by changing the placement direction and the arrangement structure of the coil group, thereby achieving higher power density and transmission efficiency. On the basis of the same material, the transmitting coil can achieve higher power output and has better economy.
2. The charging blocks are closely arranged and have a 180-degree difference, so that the problem that a pair of transmitting coils cannot work due to the fact that a single coil is damaged is solved to the greatest extent, magnetic flux above the transmitting coils can be maximized, and high-efficiency transmission is achieved.
3. The wireless charging of electric automobile does not need to park and carry out the manual operation alright accomplish the charging process. The primary side transmitting coil is composed of a plurality of transmitting coils, the influence of electromagnetic radiation can be avoided, and meanwhile, the breakdown of the overall charging system cannot be caused by the fault of a single transmitting coil.
4. The battery capacity can be properly reduced by the non-stop operation of dynamic charging, so that the whole weight of the automobile is reduced, and the economic cost of the electric automobile is reduced from the energy consumption perspective.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a dynamic wireless charging system for an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention;
wherein: 1-a direct current bus, 2-a primary side excitation source, 3-an inverter power supply, 4-a primary side controller, 5-a primary side series compensation network, 6-a program-controlled switching switch, 7-an electric energy parameter detection unit, 8-a charging block, 9-a first transmitting coil block, 10-a second transmitting coil block, 11-a dynamic wireless charging unit and 12-an electric vehicle;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the magnetic field direction of the charging block according to one embodiment of the present invention; wherein the arrow direction is the magnetic induction line direction;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the shape and arrangement of the charging block windings according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
It should be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
The embodiment provides a novel magnetic circuit mechanism, and the idea of Halbach (Halbach) array is applied to the wireless charging technology of the electric automobile. In short, the Halbach array is a magnet arrangement structure, and the field intensity in a unit direction can be enhanced by using special arrangement of magnet units. The magnetic circuit mechanism of the embodiment changes the winding mode and the connection mode of the guide rail of the transmitting end by applying the Halbach array concept on the basis of the sectional guide rail type magnetic circuit mechanism. The magnetic circuit mechanism not only has the advantages of a segmented guide rail type magnetic circuit mechanism, but also can enhance the field intensity of the transmitting end, so that the receiving end receives more energy, and the purpose of improving the energy transmission efficiency is achieved.
The embodiment is realized by the following technical scheme that the segmented coil type dynamic wireless charging system for the electric automobile comprises an energy transmitting part and an energy receiving part, wherein the energy transmitting part comprises a direct current bus, a primary side excitation source and a plurality of dynamic wireless charging units; the primary side excitation source comprises a primary side series compensation unit, an inverter power supply and a primary side controller. Each dynamic wireless charging unit comprises a plurality of charging blocks, a program control fling-cut switch and an electric energy parameter detection unit. The energy receiving part comprises a receiving coil, a high-frequency rectifying circuit, a secondary side compensation network and a load unit.
And the primary side excitation source can supply electric energy to the plurality of transmitting coils, and the primary side controller can collect current signals from the transmitting coils and feed back switching signals. The program-controlled switching switch can receive switching signals of the primary side excitation source to realize switching of the primary side excitation source and the electric energy parameter detection unit, so that wireless charging of the electric automobile is realized. The electric energy parameter detection unit is used for collecting the current signal of the transmitting coil and sending the current signal to the sampling current signal receiving end of the primary side controller.
And, the receiving coil corresponds to the charging block, the receiving coil is installed at the electric vehicle chassis position, and the transmitting coil block is placed under the preset charging road ground and is vertically arranged along the electric vehicle driving direction.
And each charging block comprises a first transmitting coil block and a second transmitting coil block, the first transmitting coil block and the second transmitting coil block are in a pair, the pair of transmitting coils is linear and compact, and the first transmitting coil block and the second transmitting coil block are connected in parallel and then connected in series with the electric energy parameter detection unit. The first transmitting coil block and the second transmitting coil block respectively comprise four transmitting coils arranged in a Halbach mode, the four transmitting coils are vertically and tightly arranged, the central deflection angle beta of the two adjacent transmitting coils is 45 degrees, and the four transmitting coils are connected in series. In this embodiment, the number of turns of the coil used is large, and the weight and cost of the coil are increased, and the degree of adhesion and cost are required to be high, but the transmission efficiency is also increased.
And the winding direction and the structure of the first and the second transmitting coil blocks are completely the same, but one of the transmitting coil blocks is reversely connected, so that the first and the second transmitting coil blocks have a phase difference of 180 degrees.
Furthermore, each coil of the Halbach type coil array is wound with litz wire and has a cylindrical shape.
And data transmission is carried out between the electric energy parameter detection unit and the primary side controller through an RS485 bus or a CAN bus.
In specific implementation, as shown in fig. 1, the segmented coil type dynamic wireless charging system for the electric vehicle in this embodiment includes a primary side excitation source 2, a plurality of dynamic wireless charging units 11, a dc bus 1, and a receiving coil, a high-frequency rectification circuit, and a secondary side compensation network installed on a chassis of the electric vehicle 12. The primary side excitation source 2 comprises an inverter power supply 3, a primary side controller 4 and a primary side series compensation network 5. One dynamic wireless charging unit 11 comprises a plurality of charging blocks 8, a program-controlled fling-cut switch 6 and an electric energy parameter detection unit 7. One charging block 8 includes a first transmission coil block and a second transmission coil block. When the direct current bus 1 is connected with the inverter power supply 3 and outputs high-frequency alternating current, the inverter power supply 3 is connected with the primary side series compensation network 5, and the first transmitting coil block and the second transmitting coil block are connected in parallel with each other on the alternating current bus output by the inverter power supply 3. Each charging block 8 is pre-buried under the driving road surface, and the receiving coil is matched with the transmitting coil and is arranged at the bottom of the electric automobile 12. The electric energy parameter detection unit 7 is used for acquiring current signals of the first transmitting coil block and the second transmitting coil block and sending the current signals to a sampling current signal receiving end of the primary side controller 4; the control signal output end of the primary side controller 4 is connected with each program-controlled switching switch 6, and the primary side controller 4 can output switching control signals according to the magnitude of the current signals of the sampling coils so as to control the corresponding program-controlled switching switches 6. The program-controlled switching switch 6 can switch the transmitting coil block to two ends of the primary excitation source 2 or the electric energy parameter detection unit 7 according to a switching signal. One primary side excitation source 2 supplies a plurality of pairs of transmitting coil blocks, but when an electric automobile 12 passes through, the corresponding charging block 8 is connected to the primary side excitation source 2, and the other pairs of transmitting coil blocks are switched to the electric energy parameter detection unit 7. The current peak value of the transmitting coil sampled by the electric energy parameter detection unit 7 is sent to the primary side controller 4 to be used as a reference signal for switching judgment. In the embodiment, the primary side controller 10 may use a DSP or an FPGA as a core controller, and the primary side excitation source 2 and the dynamic wireless charging unit 11 may perform data transmission through an RS485 bus or a CAN bus.
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, a schematic diagram of a magnetic field direction and a schematic diagram of a Halbach (Halbach) coil at a transmitting end of an electric vehicle are shown. The coils of the embodiment are arranged by adopting a sectional guide rail, each section of guide rail comprises a plurality of transmitting coil blocks, and each transmitting coil block is arranged by using a Halbach arrangement mode. During charging, the winding mode can enhance the field intensity above the transmitting end and weaken the field intensity below the transmitting end, so that the transmission efficiency can be greatly improved. The first transmitting coil block and the second transmitting coil block are formed by winding litz wires, the Halbach array surrounded by the charging block 8 is completely made of rare earth materials, the permanent magnets in different magnetizing directions are arranged according to a certain rule, magnetic lines of force can be converged on one side of the magnets (the magnetic lines of force are converged above the horizontal direction in the embodiment), the magnetic lines of force are weakened on the other side, and therefore a relatively ideal unilateral magnetic field is obtained, and the specific arrangement mode is shown in fig. 2. The charging block 8 comprises a first transmitting coil block and a second transmitting coil block, wherein the first transmitting coil block is connected into the circuit in a forward direction, the second transmitting coil block is connected into the circuit in a reverse direction, and the pulse phase difference of the first transmitting coil block and the second transmitting coil block can be 180 degrees by the connecting mode, namely the direction of a magnetic field generated by the first transmitting coil block and the second transmitting coil block is reverse.
The dynamic wireless charging unit 11 has two modes: a charging mode and a sleep mode.
The dynamic wireless charging unit 11 in the charging mode inputs a switching signal to the program-controlled switching switch 6, and the switching switch is communicated to the switch b to realize continuous charging.
The dynamic wireless charging unit 11 in the sleep mode inputs a switching signal to the program-controlled switching switch 6, and the switching switch is communicated to c, so that the system is in the sleep state.
When the electric automobile 12 does not pass through, the charging block 8 is connected to two ends of the electric energy parameter detection unit 7, when the trolley passes through the wireless charging section, the secondary side full bridge circuit is in an inversion state, a coil current signal is sent from the secondary side to the primary side, the charging block 8 of the dynamic wireless charging unit 11 generates a magnetic field, a receiving coil at the bottom of the electric automobile 12 and the charging block 8 generate an induced current on a loop of the receiving coil and the charging block 8 due to the electromagnetic induction principle, the magnetic field generated by the current can act on a transmitting coil block of the charging block 8, the alternating magnetic chain can change the backflow current of the transmitting coil block of the charging block 8, can be detected by the electric energy parameter detection unit 7, and transmits a detection result to the primary side controller 4 of the primary side excitation source 2. The primary side controller 4 outputs a charging mode instruction to the program-controlled switching switch 6 of the current dynamic wireless charging unit 11, the level signal output end of the program-controlled switching switch 6 outputs a continuous high level signal to the switching tube, the switching switch is communicated to the switch b, and the dynamic wireless charging unit 11 is converted into a charging mode from a sleep mode.
In the working mode, the switching signals are further required to be adjusted for the electric automobiles with different speeds. When the vehicle speed is larger, the period of the switching signal is smaller than that of the vehicle with the smaller vehicle speed. When the speed of the electric vehicle changes too much, the state switching of the dynamic wireless charging unit 11 needs a certain time to complete, and the command priority of the primary side controller 10 is higher than that of the program-controlled switching switch 7 of the dynamic wireless charging unit 11. The switching from the operating mode to the sleep mode is performed only after the primary side controller 4 issues a command.
The instruction in the sleep mode is issued only when no new car is detected within a prescribed distance behind the current dynamic wireless charging unit 11. The dynamic wireless charging process of the electric vehicle 12 is implemented when no new vehicle appears within a specified distance behind the dynamic wireless charging unit 11, and the current of the charging block 8 loop is reduced to a minimum value, which represents that no influence of the alternating flux linkage of the electric vehicle exists, so that the dynamic wireless charging unit 11 is converted from the charging mode to the sleep mode.
The electric vehicles 12 are connected to the internet, so that a plurality of electric vehicles can be charged on a charging lane. In accessing the internet, the dynamic wireless charging unit 11 may acquire various data of the electric vehicle 12, including data of speed and location information, power data of a battery mounted on the electric vehicle, and the like. Based on the driving speed and the position information of the electric vehicle, the charging module 12 receives the instruction of the dynamic wireless charging unit 11 in advance, and the charging block 8 adjacent to the electric vehicle 12 is awakened to enter a charging working state. In the process of charging a plurality of electric vehicles on a charging channel (taking a charging channel as an example), when a subsequent electric vehicle 12 enters a charging area along with a previous electric vehicle, the charging block 8 which is originally in the working state is still in the charging working state before a sleep working instruction of the primary side controller 4 is not received, and the priority of the charging working instruction is higher than that of the sleep working instruction. In the system, the charging power can be matched according to the speed of the electric automobile and the data of the position information, so that the optimal charging state is achieved.
While the invention has been described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. A segmented coil type dynamic wireless charging system for an electric automobile is characterized by comprising an energy transmitting part and an energy receiving part; the energy transmitting part comprises a direct current bus, a primary side excitation source and a plurality of dynamic wireless charging units; the primary side excitation source comprises an inverter power supply, a primary side controller and a primary side series compensation network respectively; each dynamic wireless charging unit comprises a plurality of charging blocks, a program-controlled fling-cut switch and an electric energy parameter detection unit; each charging block comprises a first transmitting coil block and a second transmitting coil block; the direct-current bus is connected with an inverter power supply, the inverter power supply is connected with a primary side series compensation network, and a first transmitting coil block and a second transmitting coil block are connected to the inverter power supply in parallel; the primary side controller is connected with the program-controlled switching switch, the program-controlled switching switch is respectively connected with the first transmitting coil block, the second transmitting coil block and the electric energy parameter detection unit, and the first transmitting coil block and the second transmitting coil block are connected in parallel and then connected in series with the electric energy parameter detection unit; the energy receiving part comprises a receiving coil, a high-frequency rectifying circuit, a secondary side compensation network and a load unit which are sequentially connected with the receiving coil; a plurality of charging blocks are arranged by adopting a sectional type guide rail and are embedded under a driving road surface, and a receiving coil is matched with a transmitting coil and is arranged at the bottom of the electric automobile.
2. The segmented coil type electric vehicle dynamic wireless charging system according to claim 1, wherein the first transmitting coil block is linearly and tightly connected with the second transmitting coil block, the first transmitting coil block and the second transmitting coil block each comprise four transmitting coils arranged in halbach, the four transmitting coils are longitudinally and tightly arranged, the central deflection angle β of two adjacent transmitting coils is 45 °, and the four transmitting coils are connected in series; the four transmitting coils arranged in Halbach are all made of rare earth materials.
3. The segmented coil type electric vehicle dynamic wireless charging system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first and second transmitting coil blocks have the same winding direction and structure, and one of the transmitting coil blocks is connected in reverse direction, so that the first and second transmitting coil blocks have a phase difference of 180 °.
4. The segmented coil type dynamic wireless charging system for the electric vehicle as claimed in claim 2, wherein each transmitting coil of the halbach array is wound by litz wire and has a cylindrical shape.
5. The segmented coil type dynamic wireless charging system of the electric vehicle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the electric energy parameter detection unit and the primary side controller perform data transmission through an RS485 bus or a CAN bus.
6. The charging method of the dynamic wireless charging system of the segmented coil electric vehicle as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising a charging mode and a sleep mode;
and (3) charging mode: the dynamic wireless charging unit in the charging mode inputs a switching signal into the program-controlled switching switch, and the program-controlled switching switch is communicated to the primary side controller to realize continuous charging;
when the electric automobile does not pass through the wireless charging road section, the charging modules are connected to two ends of the electric energy parameter detection unit; when an electric automobile passes through a wireless charging section, a secondary side compensation network is in an inversion state, a coil current signal is sent from a secondary side to a primary side, a charging block generates a magnetic field, a loop of a receiving coil and the charging block generates induced current, an alternating flux linkage changes backflow current of each transmitting coil block, an electric energy parameter detection unit detects the backflow current and transmits a detection result to a primary side controller, the primary side controller outputs a charging mode instruction to a program-controlled switching switch, the program-controlled switching switch is communicated to the charging block, and a dynamic wireless charging unit is converted into a charging mode from a sleep mode;
in the charging mode, aiming at electric automobiles with different speeds, the switching signals are adjusted; the period of the electric automobile switching signal with the higher speed is smaller than that of the electric automobile switching signal with the lower speed; if the speed of the electric automobile is greatly changed, the command priority of the primary side controller is higher than that of the program-controlled switching switch, and the conversion from the charging mode to the sleep mode is executed after the primary side controller sends a command;
a sleep mode: the dynamic wireless charging unit in the sleep mode inputs switching signals to the program-controlled switching switch, and the program-controlled switching switch is communicated to the charging block to enable the charging system to enter the sleep state;
in the sleep mode, the method is only sent out when no new electric automobile appears within a specified distance behind the current dynamic wireless charging unit; when no new automobile appears within a specified distance behind the dynamic wireless charging unit and the current of the charging block loop is reduced to the minimum value, the dynamic wireless charging unit is converted into the sleep mode from the charging mode.
7. The charging method of the dynamic wireless charging system of the segmented coil electric vehicle as claimed in claim 6, wherein the method further comprises accessing the electric vehicles to the internet to realize charging of a plurality of electric vehicles on a charging lane;
the dynamic wireless charging unit acquires data of speed and position information of the electric automobile and electric quantity data of a vehicle-mounted battery of the electric automobile through the Internet; taking the speed and position information of the electric automobile as a basis, the charging module receives a dynamic wireless charging unit instruction in advance, and the charging module adjacent to the electric automobile is awakened to enter a charging working state; when a subsequent electric automobile enters a wireless charging section along with the previous one, the charging block which is originally in the working state is still in the charging working state before a sleep working instruction of the primary side controller is not received, and the priority of the charging working instruction is higher than that of the sleep working instruction; in the charging system, the charging power is matched according to the data of the speed and position information of the electric vehicle.
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| CN113511085A (en) * | 2021-04-20 | 2021-10-19 | 湖北工业大学 | Segmented coil type wireless charging system for electric automobile and control method |
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Application publication date: 20210129 |