CN112720333B - Gear box multi-degree-of-freedom overturning machine and method - Google Patents
Gear box multi-degree-of-freedom overturning machine and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112720333B CN112720333B CN202110049213.3A CN202110049213A CN112720333B CN 112720333 B CN112720333 B CN 112720333B CN 202110049213 A CN202110049213 A CN 202110049213A CN 112720333 B CN112720333 B CN 112720333B
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 101100346179 Arabidopsis thaliana MORC7 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 206010063385 Intellectualisation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006748 scratching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002393 scratching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
- B25B27/00—Hand tools, specially adapted for fitting together or separating parts or objects whether or not involving some deformation, not otherwise provided for
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
- B25B11/00—Work holders not covered by any preceding group in the subclass, e.g. magnetic work holders, vacuum work holders
- B25B11/02—Assembly jigs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25H—WORKSHOP EQUIPMENT, e.g. FOR MARKING-OUT WORK; STORAGE MEANS FOR WORKSHOPS
- B25H1/00—Work benches; Portable stands or supports for positioning portable tools or work to be operated on thereby
- B25H1/08—Work benches; Portable stands or supports for positioning portable tools or work to be operated on thereby with provision for attachment of work holders
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25H—WORKSHOP EQUIPMENT, e.g. FOR MARKING-OUT WORK; STORAGE MEANS FOR WORKSHOPS
- B25H1/00—Work benches; Portable stands or supports for positioning portable tools or work to be operated on thereby
- B25H1/10—Work benches; Portable stands or supports for positioning portable tools or work to be operated on thereby with provision for adjusting holders for tool or work
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25H—WORKSHOP EQUIPMENT, e.g. FOR MARKING-OUT WORK; STORAGE MEANS FOR WORKSHOPS
- B25H1/00—Work benches; Portable stands or supports for positioning portable tools or work to be operated on thereby
- B25H1/14—Work benches; Portable stands or supports for positioning portable tools or work to be operated on thereby with provision for adjusting the bench top
- B25H1/18—Work benches; Portable stands or supports for positioning portable tools or work to be operated on thereby with provision for adjusting the bench top in inclination
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Details Of Gearings (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-degree-of-freedom turnover machine and a method for a gear box, wherein the multi-degree-of-freedom turnover machine for the gear box comprises: a driving mechanism and a bearing frame; the driving mechanism is used for providing driving force for rotating the bearing frame along the horizontal direction and driving force for rotating the bearing frame along the vertical direction; the bearing frame comprises a frame body, a bearing bracket, a limiting bracket, a gear box bracket and a guide bracket; the bearing bracket is rotationally arranged on the frame body; the limit bracket is rotationally arranged on the frame body; the gear box bracket is rotationally arranged on the frame body; the guide bracket can support the gear shaft in a horizontal state from bottom to top along the vertical direction or hang the gear shaft in a vertical state along the radial direction of the gear shaft. According to the invention, three stations are integrated and concentrated into a whole, so that the steps and time for back and forth movement of adjustment and back and forth installation and disassembly of the hoisting clamp between different working procedures in the original working process are reduced, and the working efficiency is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of gear box assembly equipment, and particularly relates to a gear box multi-degree-of-freedom turnover machine and a gear box multi-degree-of-freedom turnover method.
Background
The axle gear box overhauls, is the important content in the axle overhauls, especially in advanced repair journey, overhauls the process length, involves the content many, and technical requirement is high, and the relevant factor is strong. The high-grade gearbox shaft maintenance work stations of the CRH3, 380B and CR400BF motor train unit mainly comprise three work stations of gearbox assembly, large gear play adjustment and pinion in-box assembly work. At present, due to lack of professional screwing system equipment and tools, the problems existing in the assembly operation of the gearbox shaft of the motor car section advanced repair bogie workshop are as follows:
first, maintenance station dispersion, inefficiency. The assembly process of the existing gear box bearing clearance adjustment procedure is divided into three independent stations, namely a gear box assembling station, a large gear clearance adjustment station and a pinion gear box entering station. The station layout is relatively distributed, and the distance exists between stations, so that the transfer time of parts among the stations is increased; to complete the maintenance work of the gear shaft at the three stations, three operators are required at least; the human operation is characterized in that fatigue is easy to occur, excessive human operation is relied on, potential safety hazards are easy to occur when workers engage in work with large quantity and high repeatability, and the consumption of time cost and personnel cost in the operation process is large.
And secondly, the working tools are original, the labor intensity is high, and potential safety hazards exist in hoisting operation. The maintenance operation of the gearbox shaft of the motor train unit is different from the maintenance operation of the wheel set, and the wheel set operation can not cause a larger safety problem because the wheels can roll on the ground track; however, since the gear box shaft is relatively heavy (approximately 1 ton), the gear box shaft has a large external dimension and an irregular shape, according to the previous operation mode, workpieces often need to be circulated in a crane hoisting mode between different working procedures at the same working station or between different working stations, and the workpieces with relatively large hoisting volumes and heavy weight frequently have potential safety hazards in sense of people or in view of actual operation scenes, so that the workpieces are likely to fall off.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects or improvement demands of the prior art, the invention provides a multi-degree-of-freedom turnover machine and a multi-degree-of-freedom turnover method for a gear box.
The invention discloses a gear box multi-degree-of-freedom overturning machine, wherein a gear box comprises a gear shaft, a gear assembly sleeved on the gear shaft and a gear box body buckled on the periphery of the gear assembly; the gear assembly comprises a large gear and a small gear, the large gear is sleeved on the gear shaft, and the small gear is meshed with the large gear; the gear box body comprises an upper box body and a lower box body which are matched with each other; the multi-degree-of-freedom turnover machine of the gear box comprises:
a driving mechanism; the method comprises the steps of,
a load-bearing frame for placing the gearbox; at least two bearing frames are horizontally and circumferentially arranged on the driving mechanism, and the driving mechanism is used for providing driving force for rotating the bearing frames along the horizontal direction and driving force for rotating the bearing frames along the vertical direction so as to realize the switching of the gear shafts arranged on the bearing frames between the horizontal state and the vertical state;
the bearing frame comprises a frame body, a bearing bracket, a limiting bracket, a gear box bracket and a guide bracket;
the bearing bracket is rotationally arranged on the frame body along the radial direction of the gear shaft so as to support the gear shaft in a horizontal state from bottom to top along the vertical direction;
the limiting support is rotationally arranged on the frame body along the radial direction of the gear shaft so as to limit the gear shaft in a vertical state;
the gear box bracket is rotationally arranged on the frame body along the radial direction of the gear shaft so as to support the lower box body from bottom to top along the vertical direction to realize box combination of the lower box body and the upper box body;
the guide bracket is arranged on the frame body, and can do reciprocating motion along the vertical direction close to or far away from the gear shaft so as to support the gear shaft in a horizontal state from bottom to top along the vertical direction, or hang the gear shaft in a vertical state along the radial direction of the gear shaft.
Optionally, the driving mechanism comprises a driving motor, a turntable, a gear, a speed reducer structure, a rotating structure and a driving rack; the rotating structure is arranged on the turntable, and the driving rack is arranged on the turntable and covers the outer side of the rotating mechanism; the driving motor is in transmission connection with the turntable through the gear and the speed reducer structure so as to drive the turntable to rotate along the horizontal direction, and the switching of the bearing frame at different stations is realized; the rotating mechanism is connected with the frame body to drive the frame body to rotate along the vertical direction, so that the gear shaft is switched between a horizontal state and a vertical state.
Optionally, the bearing bracket and/or the limit bracket comprises a swing arm, a connecting block, a first connecting arm, a second connecting arm and a first telescopic structure; the first end of the swing arm is rotatably arranged on the frame body, and the second end of the swing arm is provided with a bracket corresponding to the gear shaft; the connecting block is connected with the frame body; the third end of the first connecting arm is rotationally arranged on the connecting block, and the fourth end of the first connecting arm is rotationally connected with the fifth end of the second connecting arm; the fifth end of the second connecting arm is connected with the seventh end of the first telescopic structure, the sixth end of the second connecting arm is rotationally connected with the second end of the swing arm, and the eighth end of the first telescopic structure is connected with the connecting block; the first telescopic structure actuates the second connecting arm to rotate around the fourth end of the first connecting arm along the radial direction of the gear shaft so as to enable the bracket to be close to or far away from the gear shaft.
Optionally, the first connecting arm includes a first arm lever, a second arm lever and a connecting beam, one end of the connecting beam is connected with the first arm lever, the other end of the connecting beam is connected with the second arm lever, and the connecting beam is arranged between the third end of the first connecting arm and the fourth end of the first connecting arm; the fifth end of the second connecting arm is far away from one side of the gear shaft and is provided with an abutting part corresponding to the connecting beam, so that the abutting part and the end face of the second connecting arm, which is close to one side of the gear shaft, are respectively abutted with the connecting beam to limit the rotation angle of the second connecting arm.
Optionally, the guide bracket comprises a bracket body, a box body supporting block and a linear driving structure; the box body support block is provided with a first arc-shaped anchor ear and a second arc-shaped anchor ear which are in buckling connection corresponding to the gear shaft, and the first arc-shaped anchor ear is connected with the box body support block; the box support block is slidingly arranged on the bracket body, the linear driving structure is arranged on the bracket body and connected with the box support block, so that the box support block is driven to be close to or far away from the gear shaft along the radial direction of the gear shaft.
Optionally, the gearbox bracket comprises a box bracket and a second telescopic structure; the ninth end of the box bracket is rotatably arranged on the frame body, and the tenth end of the box bracket is provided with a bearing groove for bearing the lower box; the tenth end of the second telescopic structure is connected with the frame body, and the twelfth end of the second telescopic structure is rotationally connected with the tenth end of the box bracket; the second telescopic structure actuates the tenth end of the box bracket to rotate around the ninth end of the box bracket along the radial direction of the gear shaft so as to enable the bearing groove to be close to or far away from the gear shaft.
Optionally, the gear box bracket comprises a box bracket, a second telescopic structure, a horizontal guide rail, a horizontal sliding block and a horizontal driving structure; the ninth end of the box bracket is rotatably arranged on the frame body, and the tenth end of the box bracket is provided with a bearing groove for bearing the lower box; the horizontal guide rail is arranged on the frame body; the horizontal sliding block is in sliding connection with the horizontal guide rail; the horizontal driving structure is connected with the horizontal sliding block so as to realize that the horizontal sliding block slides in the axial direction of the gear shaft on the horizontal guide rail; the tenth end of second extending structure with the frame body is connected, the twelfth end of second extending structure with the tenth end of box bracket rotates to be connected, the second extending structure actuation the tenth end of box bracket is around the ninth end of box bracket is followed the radial direction of gear shaft rotates, in order to realize that the bearing groove is close to or keeps away from the gear shaft.
Optionally, the frame body is provided with a limiting block corresponding to the horizontal sliding block so as to limit the sliding distance between the horizontal sliding block and the horizontal guide rail; or, the frame body is provided with a limiting block corresponding to the horizontal sliding block so as to limit the sliding distance of the horizontal sliding block on the horizontal guide rail; the position of the limiting block is adjustable so as to realize the adjustment of the sliding distance of the horizontal sliding block on the horizontal guide rail; or the horizontal sliding block is provided with a manual adjusting mechanism for adjusting the horizontal sliding block to slide along the horizontal guide rail; or, the box bracket is provided with a limiting mechanism corresponding to the gear box body and used for limiting the gear box body to rotate around the gear shaft.
The invention also discloses a multi-degree-of-freedom overturning method of the gear box, which is suitable for the multi-degree-of-freedom overturning machine of the gear box, and comprises the following steps:
s1, placing a lower box body on a gear box bracket, so that the gear box bracket supports the lower box body;
s2, placing the gear shaft in a horizontal state on a bearing bracket and a guide bracket, so that the bearing bracket and the guide bracket support the gear shaft, and the lower box body is positioned below the gear shaft;
s3, actuating the gear box bracket, and supporting the lower box body from bottom to top along the vertical direction to enable the lower box body and the upper box body to be in box combination so as to realize gear box combination;
s4, actuating the bearing frames to rotate along the horizontal direction through the driving mechanism, switching each bearing frame to the next station, and screwing the bolts of the bearing seat;
s5, actuating the limiting support to enable the limiting support to be arranged on the outer side of the gear shaft in a surrounding mode, then actuating the bearing frame to rotate in the vertical direction through the driving mechanism, enabling the gear shaft to be switched from a horizontal state to a vertical state, and enabling the gear shaft in the vertical state to be hung on the guide bracket;
s6, performing large gear play adjustment operation, wherein the gear box bracket is far away from the gear shaft along the radial direction of the gear shaft;
s7, carrying out pinion gear box-in operation.
Optionally, step S4 is preceded by the further step of:
s8, actuating the bearing bracket and the guide bracket to be far away from the gear shaft along the radial direction of the gear shaft, so that the gear shaft only bears on the gear box bracket;
s9, actuating the gear box bracket to move along the axial direction of the gear shaft in the horizontal state, so that the guide bracket abuts against the shoulder of the gear shaft along the axial direction of the gear shaft.
In general, the above technical solutions conceived by the present invention, compared with the prior art, enable the following beneficial effects to be obtained:
1. according to the invention, the three stations of gearbox assembling, large gear clearance adjustment and pinion in-box assembly operation are integrated and concentrated into a whole, and three stations can be completed by one-time clamping, so that the steps and time for back and forth adjustment and movement between different working procedures and back and forth installation and disassembly of the hoisting clamp in the original operation process are reduced, and the operation efficiency is improved. More preferably, the bearing frame for clamping the gear shaft can horizontally rotate to realize the switching of different stations, so that the line production is convenient, the reasonable and independent distribution of the man-machine stations can be realized, and the safety problem of workers positioned at the man-machine stations during the machine operation is avoided; the man-machine cooperation further improves the operating efficiency. And because the three stations are integrated, only one initial hoisting is needed, the switching of each station and the adjustment of the pose of the gear shaft are automatically finished in the follow-up process, the automation and the intellectualization are high, the workload and the labor cost are greatly reduced, the equipment assurance is provided for the intelligent assembly of the gear shaft, the hoisting work is less, and the operation safety is greatly improved. More preferably, the invention aims at the overhauling operation of the gearbox of the motor train unit made of non-carbon steel, is used for clamping and fixing the gearbox on the premise of not damaging, damaging or scratching the gearbox, and ensures that the overhauling operation of the gearbox of the motor train unit is smoothly carried out.
2. According to the invention, by utilizing the characteristic that the gear shaft is of a reducing structure, the guide bracket simultaneously realizes the support of the horizontal state and the vertical state of the gear shaft, and simultaneously maintains the gear shaft in the vertical state to limit through the limit bracket, so that the phenomenon that the gear shaft tilts or tilts in the switching process of the gear shaft between the horizontal state and the vertical state is effectively avoided, and the safety of an operation site is ensured and ensured.
3. According to the invention, the gear box bracket can support the gear shaft to perform self-movement of approaching or separating from the guide bracket in the axial direction of the gear shaft in a horizontal state, so that the shoulder of the gear shaft is abutted against the guide bracket when the gear shaft is in a vertical state, the gear shaft is hung on the guide bracket, the gear shaft is ensured to be statically switched when the gear shaft is switched between the horizontal state and the vertical state, the gear shaft is prevented from sliding due to the fact that the shoulder of the gear shaft is not abutted against the guide bracket, the gear shaft is prevented from being damaged, hurt or scratched due to the impact of the gear shaft and the guide bracket, and the safe and smooth operation of the gear box assembly process is ensured. More preferably, fine adjustment of the gear shaft can be realized through the manual adjusting mechanism, so that the abutment static state of the shoulder part of the gear shaft and the guide bracket is ensured to be smoothly carried out, and the collision phenomenon of the gear shaft and the guide bracket is avoided.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a multiple degree of freedom gearbox upender of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of another embodiment of a multiple degree of freedom gearbox upender of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic top view of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of another embodiment of a multiple degree of freedom gearbox upender of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an exploded view of the gear box of the motor train unit;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of the assembled structure of fig. 5.
Like reference numerals denote like technical features throughout the drawings, in particular: 1-gear box, 11-gear shaft, 111-shoulder, 121-gear wheel, 122-pinion, 13-gear box, 131-lower box, 132-upper box, 21-drive mechanism, 211-turntable, 212-drive rack, 213-rotating structure, 22-frame body, 23-bearing bracket, 231-swing arm, 232-connecting block, 233-first connecting arm, 234-second connecting arm, 235-first telescoping structure, 236-bracket, 237-abutment, 24-limit bracket, 25-gear box bracket, 251-box bracket, 252-second telescoping structure, 253-horizontal rail, 254-horizontal slider, 26-guide bracket, 261-bracket body, 262-box bracket, 263-linear drive structure, 264-first arc-shaped staple, 265-second arc-shaped staple, 3-control cabinet.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In addition, the technical features of the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not collide with each other.
As shown in fig. 5 and 6, a gear box 1 of a motor train unit, wherein the gear box 1 comprises a gear shaft 11, a gear assembly sleeved on the gear shaft 11, and a gear box body 13 buckled on the periphery of the gear assembly; the gear assembly comprises a large gear 121 and a small gear 122, the large gear 121 is sleeved on the gear shaft 11, and the small gear 122 is meshed with the large gear 121; the gear housing 13 includes a mating upper housing 132 and lower housing 131.
In one embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIGS. 1-4, a gearbox multiple degree of freedom tilter, comprising: a drive mechanism 21; and a load-bearing frame for placing the gearbox 1; at least two bearing frames are horizontally and circumferentially arranged on the driving mechanism 21, and the driving mechanism 21 is used for providing driving force for rotating the bearing frames along the horizontal direction and driving force for rotating the bearing frames along the vertical direction so as to realize the switching of the gear shafts 11 placed on the bearing frames between the horizontal state and the vertical state; the bearing frame comprises a frame body 22, a bearing bracket 23, a limiting bracket 24, a gear box bracket 25 and a guide bracket 26; the bearing bracket 23 is rotatably arranged on the frame body 22 along the radial direction of the gear shaft 11 so as to support the gear shaft 11 in a horizontal state from bottom to top along the vertical direction; the limiting bracket 24 is rotatably arranged on the frame body 22 along the radial direction of the gear shaft 11 so as to limit the gear shaft 11 in a vertical state; the gear box bracket 25 is rotatably arranged on the frame body 22 along the radial direction of the gear shaft 11 so as to support the lower box body 131 from bottom to top along the vertical direction to realize the box combination of the lower box body 131 and the upper box body 132; the guide bracket 26 is disposed on the frame body 22, and the guide bracket 26 can reciprocate in a vertical direction toward or away from the gear shaft 11 to support the gear shaft 11 in a horizontal state from bottom to top in the vertical direction, or to hang the gear shaft 11 in a vertical state in a radial direction of the gear shaft 11.
In practical application, when the gear box 1 is assembled, firstly, the lower box 131 is hoisted to the gear box bracket 25, so that the gear box bracket 25 supports the lower box 131; then, the gear shaft 11 is hung and placed on the bearing bracket 23 and the guide bracket 26 in a horizontal state, so that the bearing bracket 23 and the guide bracket 26 bear the gear shaft 11, and the lower box 131 is positioned below the gear shaft 11; then, actuating the gear box bracket 25, supporting the lower box body 131 from bottom to top along the vertical direction to enable the lower box body 131 to be in box with the upper box body 132 so as to realize box combination of the gear box 1, at this time, the upper box body 132 can be hoisted above the lower box body 131, so that box combination operation of the upper box body 132 and the lower box body 131 is facilitated, and bolts are installed, glue is applied and torque is applied; then, the driving mechanism 21 actuates the bearing frames to rotate along the horizontal direction, so that each bearing frame is switched to the next station, the limiting support 24 is actuated to be arranged on the outer side of the gear shaft 11 in a surrounding mode, and then the driving mechanism 21 actuates the bearing frames to rotate along the vertical direction, so that the gear shaft 11 is switched from the horizontal state to the vertical state, and the gear shaft 11 in the vertical state is hung on the guide bracket 26. Specifically, when the tightening of the bearing seat bolts is achieved by the robot, the pre-tightening of the bearing seat bolts can be manually installed before the horizontal rotation is not performed, and when the driving mechanism 21 actuates the bearing frame to rotate to the next station (i.e., the robot station) in the horizontal direction, the robot performs the tightening of the bearing seat bolts to complete the torque; then the bearing frame is horizontally rotated to the next station (manual station), then the limiting bracket 24 is actuated to be arranged on the outer side of the gear shaft 11 in a surrounding mode, and then the driving mechanism 21 is used for actuating the bearing frame to rotate in the vertical direction, so that the gear shaft 11 is switched from a horizontal state to a vertical state, and the gear shaft 11 in the vertical state is hung on the guide bracket 26; then, the large gear play adjustment work is manually performed, at which time the gear case bracket 25 is away from the gear shaft 11 in the radial direction of the gear shaft 11 (in practical application, the step of actuating the gear case bracket 25 away from the gear shaft 11 is completed before the large gear play adjustment work is performed and after the gear shaft 11 is switched from the horizontal state to the vertical state); then, manually carrying out pinion gear box-in operation, adjusting the gap and installing bolts; then, the bearing frame is switched to a robot station by horizontal rotation, and the robot is used for screwing bolts of the bearing seat and the gear box body 13; then horizontally rotating and switching to a manual station, and then hoisting the assembled gear box 1. Of course, if the present invention is applied to man-hours, the present invention may be provided as two stations, integrated into two stations or an even number of stations (i.e., an even number of bearing frames) according to the horizontal state and the vertical state of the gear shaft 11, and of course, three stations of the gearbox 1 assembling, the large gear play adjustment and the pinion gear in-box assembling operation according to the present invention may be integrated into three stations or a multiple of three stations (i.e., a multiple of three bearing frames). Because the angle of the load-bearing frame switching station matches the angle between two adjacently disposed load-bearing frames. If the robot is matched with the human body, the robot is preferably provided with an even number of stations which are sequentially arranged on the human body station and the robot station.
Alternatively, the drive mechanism 21 includes a drive motor, a turntable 211, gears, a speed reducer structure, a rotating structure 213, and a drive housing 212; the rotating structure 213 is arranged on the turntable 211, and the driving rack 212 is arranged on the turntable 211 and covers the outer side of the rotating structure; the driving motor is in transmission connection with the turntable 211 through a gear and a speed reducer structure so as to drive the turntable 211 to rotate along the horizontal direction, and the switching of the bearing frame at different stations is realized; the rotating mechanism is connected with the frame body 22 to drive the frame body 22 to rotate along the vertical direction, so that the gear shaft 11 is switched between the horizontal state and the vertical state. In practical application, the rotating mechanism may be a rotating mechanism that realizes rotation, such as a rotating motor or a servo motor.
Optionally, the bearing bracket 23 and the limiting bracket 24 have the same structure and each include a swing arm 231, a connecting block 232, a first connecting arm 233, a second connecting arm 234 and a first telescopic structure 235; the first end of the swing arm 231 is rotatably arranged on the frame body 22, and the second end of the swing arm 231 is provided with a bracket 236 corresponding to the gear shaft 11; the connection block 232 is connected with the frame body 22; the third end of the first connecting arm 233 is rotatably arranged on the connecting block 232, and the fourth end of the first connecting arm 233 is rotatably connected with the fifth end of the second connecting arm 234; the fifth end of the second connecting arm 234 is connected with the seventh end of the first telescopic structure 235, the sixth end of the second connecting arm 234 is rotatably connected with the second end of the swing arm 231, and the eighth end of the first telescopic structure 235 is connected with the connecting block 232; the first telescopic structure 235 actuates the second link arm 234 to rotate about the fourth end of the first link arm 233 in the radial direction of the gear shaft 11 to achieve the approach or separation of the bracket 236 from the gear shaft 11.
In practical applications, the bearing bracket 23 and the limiting bracket 24 are preferably disposed on two sides of the gear shaft 11 in a staggered manner along the radial direction of the gear shaft 11, where the bearing bracket 23 is disposed below the gear shaft 11, the limiting bracket 24 is disposed above the gear shaft 11, and the rotation of the gear shaft 11 along the vertical direction is preferably rotated from the bearing bracket 23 to the limiting bracket 24, that is, the limiting bracket 24 is disposed on the same side of the rotation direction when the gear shaft 11 is switched from the horizontal state to the vertical state. Of course, the structures of the bearing bracket 23 and the limiting bracket 24 may also be different, in another embodiment of the present invention, the limiting bracket 24 may be directly mounted on the frame body 22 through a hinge structure capable of manually or automatically adjusting the rotation angle, so that the limiting of the gear shaft 11 by the limiting bracket 24 may be controlled manually or through a program.
Optionally, the first connecting arm 233 includes a first arm lever, a second arm lever, and a connecting beam, one end of the connecting beam is connected to the first arm lever, the other end of the connecting beam is connected to the second arm lever, and the connecting beam is disposed between the third end of the first connecting arm 233 and the fourth end of the first connecting arm 233; the fifth end of the second connecting arm 234 is provided with an abutting portion 237 corresponding to the connecting beam on the side far away from the gear shaft 11, so that the abutting portion 237 and the end surface of the second connecting arm 234 on the side near the gear shaft 11 abut against the connecting beam respectively to limit the rotation angle of the second connecting arm 234. The limiting of the rotation angle can be realized through the abutting part 237 and the second connecting arm 234 which are abutted against the connecting beam, and the mechanical control of the rotation of the bearing support 23 and the limiting support 24 is further ensured through mechanical limiting, so that the bearing support 23 and the limiting support 24 are ensured to act in place and accurately.
Optionally, the first telescopic structure 235 is disposed between the first arm and the second arm, so as to save space occupation of the bearing bracket 23 and the limiting bracket 24, and improve the compactness of the present invention.
Optionally, the guide bracket 26 includes a bracket body 261, a case bracket 262, and a linear driving structure 263; the box body support block 262 is provided with a first arc-shaped hoop 264 and a second arc-shaped hoop 265 which are in buckling connection corresponding to the gear shaft 11, and the first arc-shaped hoop 264 is connected with the box body support block 262; the box support block 262 is slidably arranged on the bracket body 261, the linear driving structure 263 is arranged on the bracket body 261, and the linear driving structure 263 is connected with the box support block 262 to drive the box support block 262 to be close to or far away from the gear shaft 11 along the radial direction of the gear shaft 11. In practical use, the bracket body 261 is fixedly connected with the frame body 22, so that the structural strength of the connection between the guide bracket 26 and the frame body 22 is ensured, and the structural strength of the guide bracket 26, which can suspend the gear box 1, is ensured.
Optionally, the gearbox bracket 25 includes a box bracket 251 and a second telescoping structure 252; the ninth end of the box bracket 251 is rotatably arranged on the frame body 22, and the tenth end of the box bracket 251 is provided with a bearing groove for bearing the lower box 131; a tenth end of the second telescopic structure 252 is connected with the frame body 22, and a twelfth end of the second telescopic structure 252 is rotatably connected with a tenth end of the case bracket 251; the second telescopic structure 252 actuates the tenth end of the housing bracket 251 to rotate around the ninth end of the housing bracket 251 in the radial direction of the gear shaft 11 to achieve the approach or separation of the bearing groove from the gear shaft 11.
Optionally, the housing bracket 251 is provided with a limiting mechanism corresponding to the gear housing 13, for limiting the rotation of the gear housing 13 around the gear shaft 11. Because the bearing is arranged between the gear box body 13 and the gear shaft 11, the inner ring of the bearing is connected with the large gear 121, and the outer ring of the bearing is connected with the gear box body 13, when the gear shaft 11 is switched between a horizontal state and a vertical state, the gear box body 13 is prevented from rotating around the gear shaft 11 by limiting the gear box body through the limiting mechanism, so that the position and the posture of the gear box 1 in the whole assembly process are not changed, and the smooth assembly of the gear box 1 is ensured. Preferably, the limiting mechanism is a card or a slot, which is matched with the structure of the gear case 13.
In another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1 to 4, unlike the above-described embodiment, the gear box bracket 25 of the present embodiment includes a box bracket 251, a second telescopic structure 252, a horizontal rail 253, a horizontal slider 254, and a horizontal driving structure; the ninth end of the box bracket 251 is rotatably arranged on the frame body 22, and the tenth end of the box bracket 251 is provided with a bearing groove for bearing the lower box 131; the horizontal guide rail 253 is arranged on the frame body 22; the horizontal sliding block 254 is in sliding connection with the horizontal guide rail 253; the horizontal driving structure is connected with the horizontal sliding block 254 to realize that the horizontal sliding block 254 slides in the axial direction of the gear shaft 11 on the horizontal guide rail 253; the tenth end of the second telescopic structure 252 is connected with the frame body 22, the twelfth end of the second telescopic structure 252 is rotatably connected with the tenth end of the box bracket 251, and the tenth end of the box bracket 251 is actuated by the second telescopic structure 252 to rotate around the ninth end of the box bracket 251 along the radial direction of the gear shaft 11 so as to realize that the bearing groove is close to or far from the gear shaft 11. The gear box bracket 25 can realize that the gear box 1 moves along the axis direction of the gear shaft 11, and realize that the guide bracket 26 hanging the gear shaft 11 is fixedly connected with the frame body 22, thereby ensuring the structural strength of the invention, and the upper end of the gear shaft 11 in a vertical state is hung through the guide bracket 26, while the lower end of the gear shaft 11 can be limited by the limiting bracket 24 or the limiting bracket 24 and the bearing bracket 23, so as to avoid the swing phenomenon of the gear shaft 11, thereby ensuring the smooth assembly of the gear box 1, and the upper end of the hanging gear shaft 11 is more stable and reliable than the lower end of the supporting gear shaft 11.
In practical application, in order to avoid the gear case 1 from being damaged due to collision between the gear shaft 11 and the guide bracket 26 when the gear shaft 11 is switched between the horizontal state and the vertical state, before the gear shaft 11 is switched from the horizontal state to the vertical state, the bearing bracket 23 and the guide bracket 26 are actuated to be far away from the gear shaft 11 along the radial direction of the gear shaft 11, so that the gear shaft 11 is only supported on the gear case bracket 25; the horizontal slider 254 is driven to move along the horizontal guide rail 253 by the horizontal driving structure, so that the gear box bracket 25 moves along the axial direction of the gear shaft 11 in the horizontal state, and the guide bracket 26 abuts against the shoulder 111 of the gear shaft 11 along the axial direction of the gear shaft 11. Thereby ensuring smoothness of switching of the gear shaft 11 between the horizontal state and the vertical state.
Alternatively, the horizontal driving structure comprises a motor and a roller matched with the horizontal guide rail 253, the motor is connected with the roller through a rotating shaft, the motor drives the roller to walk along the horizontal guide rail 253 to realize that the horizontal sliding block 254 walks along the horizontal guide rail 253 along the axial direction of the gear shaft 11, and therefore mutual abutting of the shoulder 111 of the gear shaft 11 and the guide bracket 26 is realized. Preferably, two rollers are sandwiched to the horizontal rail 253 in the radial direction of the gear shaft 11. In practical applications, the roller and the horizontal rail 253 may be rolling friction or sliding friction, and the roller and the horizontal rail 253 may be engaged or sliding connected.
Optionally, the frame body 22 is provided with a limiting block corresponding to the horizontal sliding block 254 to limit the sliding distance between the horizontal sliding block 254 and the horizontal guide rail 253, and the horizontal sliding block 254 is provided with a manual adjusting mechanism for adjusting the sliding of the horizontal sliding block 254 along the horizontal guide rail 253; the arrangement of the limiting block avoids the phenomenon that the gear shaft 11 tilts due to uneven stress (one end of the gear shaft 11 is heavy and the other end is light) caused by transitional displacement of the shaft section provided with the gear set towards the side far away from the guide bracket 26, so that the safety of the operation site is ensured. Specifically, the manual adjustment mechanism includes a rotating hand wheel, the rotating hand wheel is connected with the roller through a rotating shaft, and the roller can move along the horizontal guide rail 253 by manually rotating the rotating hand wheel.
In another embodiment of the present invention, unlike the above embodiment, the frame body 22 of the present embodiment is provided with a limiting block corresponding to the horizontal sliding block 254 to limit the sliding distance between the horizontal sliding block 254 and the horizontal guide rail 253; the position of the limiting block is adjustable so as to realize the adjustment of the sliding distance of the horizontal sliding block 254 on the horizontal guide rail 253. The position of the limiting block is adjustable, and the limiting block can be adjusted according to the sizes of different gear boxes 1, so that the invention meets the assembly of the gear boxes 1 with different sizes, meets different assembly requirements, improves the machine station idle rate of the invention, increases the application range of the invention, and reduces the use cost of the invention.
In practical applications, the first telescopic structure 235, the second telescopic structure 252, and the linear driving structure 263 may be any linear driving mechanism such as a telescopic rod driving structure, a linear motor, a hydraulic driving structure, or a screw pair structure. Alternatively, the operations of rotating the load-bearing frame in the horizontal direction and rotating the load-bearing frame in the vertical direction may be performed by buttons provided on the control cabinet 3, and of course, the above-described respective movements may be controlled by a program in accordance with the tact time.
In another embodiment of the present invention, a multiple degree of freedom overturning method for a gear box, which is suitable for any one of the multiple degree of freedom overturning machines for a gear box, includes the steps of:
s1, placing a lower box body on a gear box bracket, so that the gear box bracket supports the lower box body;
s2, placing the gear shaft in a horizontal state on a bearing bracket and a guide bracket, so that the bearing bracket and the guide bracket support the gear shaft, and the lower box body is positioned below the gear shaft;
s3, actuating the gear box bracket, and supporting the lower box body from bottom to top along the vertical direction to enable the lower box body and the upper box body to be in box combination so as to realize gear box combination;
s4, actuating the bearing frames to rotate along the horizontal direction through the driving mechanism, switching each bearing frame to the next station, and screwing the bolts of the bearing seat;
s5, actuating the limiting support to enable the limiting support to be arranged on the outer side of the gear shaft in a surrounding mode, then actuating the bearing frame to rotate in the vertical direction through the driving mechanism, enabling the gear shaft to be switched from a horizontal state to a vertical state, and enabling the gear shaft in the vertical state to be hung on the guide bracket;
s6, performing large gear play adjustment operation, wherein the gear box bracket is far away from the gear shaft along the radial direction of the gear shaft;
s7, carrying out pinion gear box-in operation.
Optionally, step S4 is preceded by the further step of:
s8, actuating the bearing bracket and the guide bracket to be far away from the gear shaft along the radial direction of the gear shaft, so that the gear shaft only bears on the gear box bracket;
s9, actuating the gear box bracket to move along the axial direction of the gear shaft in the horizontal state, so that the guide bracket abuts against the shoulder of the gear shaft along the axial direction of the gear shaft.
It will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art that the foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention, but any modifications, equivalents, improvements or alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The gear box comprises a gear shaft, a gear assembly sleeved on the gear shaft and a gear box body buckled on the periphery of the gear assembly; the gear assembly comprises a large gear and a small gear, the large gear is sleeved on the gear shaft, and the small gear is meshed with the large gear; the gear box body comprises an upper box body and a lower box body which are matched with each other; characterized by comprising the following steps:
a driving mechanism; the method comprises the steps of,
a load-bearing frame for placing the gearbox; at least two bearing frames are horizontally and circumferentially arranged on the driving mechanism, and the driving mechanism is used for providing driving force for rotating the bearing frames along the horizontal direction and driving force for rotating the bearing frames along the vertical direction so as to realize the switching of the gear shafts arranged on the bearing frames between the horizontal state and the vertical state;
the bearing frame comprises a frame body, a bearing bracket, a limiting bracket, a gear box bracket and a guide bracket;
the bearing bracket is rotationally arranged on the frame body along the radial direction of the gear shaft so as to support the gear shaft in a horizontal state from bottom to top along the vertical direction;
the limiting support is rotationally arranged on the frame body along the radial direction of the gear shaft so as to limit the gear shaft in a vertical state;
the gear box bracket is rotationally arranged on the frame body along the radial direction of the gear shaft so as to support the lower box body from bottom to top along the vertical direction to realize box combination of the lower box body and the upper box body;
the guide bracket is arranged on the frame body, and can do reciprocating motion close to or far from the gear shaft along the vertical direction so as to support the gear shaft in a horizontal state from bottom to top along the vertical direction, or hang the gear shaft in a vertical state along the radial direction of the gear shaft;
the driving mechanism comprises a driving motor, a turntable, a gear, a speed reducer structure, a rotating structure and a driving rack;
the rotating structure is arranged on the turntable, and the driving rack is arranged on the turntable and covers the outer side of the rotating structure;
the driving motor is in transmission connection with the turntable through the gear and the speed reducer structure so as to drive the turntable to rotate along the horizontal direction, and the switching of the bearing frame at different stations is realized;
the rotating structure is connected with the frame body to drive the frame body to rotate along the vertical direction, so that the gear shaft is switched between a horizontal state and a vertical state;
the bearing support and/or the limiting support comprises a swing arm, a connecting block, a first connecting arm, a second connecting arm and a first telescopic structure;
the first end of the swing arm is rotatably arranged on the frame body, and the second end of the swing arm is provided with a bracket corresponding to the gear shaft;
the connecting block is connected with the frame body;
the third end of the first connecting arm is rotationally arranged on the connecting block, and the fourth end of the first connecting arm is rotationally connected with the fifth end of the second connecting arm;
the fifth end of the second connecting arm is connected with the seventh end of the first telescopic structure, the sixth end of the second connecting arm is rotationally connected with the second end of the swing arm, and the eighth end of the first telescopic structure is connected with the connecting block;
the first telescopic structure actuates the second connecting arm to rotate around the fourth end of the first connecting arm along the radial direction of the gear shaft so as to enable the bracket to be close to or far away from the gear shaft.
2. The multiple degree of freedom gearbox upender of claim 1 wherein:
the first connecting arm comprises a first arm rod, a second arm rod and a connecting beam, one end of the connecting beam is connected with the first arm rod, the other end of the connecting beam is connected with the second arm rod, and the connecting beam is arranged between the third end of the first connecting arm and the fourth end of the first connecting arm;
the fifth end of the second connecting arm is far away from one side of the gear shaft and is provided with an abutting part corresponding to the connecting beam, so that the abutting part and the end face of the second connecting arm, which is close to one side of the gear shaft, are respectively abutted with the connecting beam to limit the rotation angle of the second connecting arm.
3. The multiple degree of freedom gearbox upender of claim 1 wherein:
the guide bracket comprises a bracket body, a box body supporting block and a linear driving structure;
the box body support block is provided with a first arc-shaped anchor ear and a second arc-shaped anchor ear which are in buckling connection corresponding to the gear shaft, and the first arc-shaped anchor ear is connected with the box body support block;
the box support block is slidingly arranged on the bracket body, the linear driving structure is arranged on the bracket body and connected with the box support block, so that the box support block is driven to be close to or far away from the gear shaft along the radial direction of the gear shaft.
4. A multiple degree of freedom gearbox upender according to any of claims 1-3, wherein:
the gear box bracket comprises a box bracket and a second telescopic structure;
the ninth end of the box bracket is rotatably arranged on the frame body, and the tenth end of the box bracket is provided with a bearing groove for bearing the lower box;
the tenth end of the second telescopic structure is connected with the frame body, and the twelfth end of the second telescopic structure is rotationally connected with the tenth end of the box bracket; the second telescopic structure actuates the tenth end of the box bracket to rotate around the ninth end of the box bracket along the radial direction of the gear shaft so as to enable the bearing groove to be close to or far away from the gear shaft.
5. A multiple degree of freedom gearbox upender according to any of claims 1-3, wherein:
the gear box bracket comprises a box bracket body, a second telescopic structure, a horizontal guide rail, a horizontal sliding block and a horizontal driving structure;
the ninth end of the box bracket is rotatably arranged on the frame body, and the tenth end of the box bracket is provided with a bearing groove for bearing the lower box;
the horizontal guide rail is arranged on the frame body;
the horizontal sliding block is in sliding connection with the horizontal guide rail; the horizontal driving structure is connected with the horizontal sliding block so as to realize that the horizontal sliding block slides in the axial direction of the gear shaft on the horizontal guide rail;
the tenth end of second extending structure with the frame body is connected, the twelfth end of second extending structure with the tenth end of box bracket rotates to be connected, the second extending structure actuation the tenth end of box bracket is around the ninth end of box bracket is followed the radial direction of gear shaft rotates, in order to realize that the bearing groove is close to or keeps away from the gear shaft.
6. The multiple degree of freedom gearbox upender of claim 5 wherein:
the frame body is provided with a limiting block corresponding to the horizontal sliding block so as to limit the sliding distance between the horizontal sliding block and the horizontal guide rail; or alternatively, the first and second heat exchangers may be,
the position of the limiting block is adjustable so as to realize the adjustment of the sliding distance of the horizontal sliding block on the horizontal guide rail; or alternatively, the first and second heat exchangers may be,
the horizontal sliding block is provided with a manual adjusting mechanism for adjusting the horizontal sliding block to slide along the horizontal guide rail; or alternatively, the first and second heat exchangers may be,
the box bracket is provided with a limiting mechanism corresponding to the gear box and used for limiting the gear box to rotate around the gear shaft.
7. A multiple degree of freedom gearbox turning method suitable for a multiple degree of freedom gearbox turning machine according to any one of claims 1-6, comprising the steps of:
s1, placing a lower box body on a gear box bracket, so that the gear box bracket supports the lower box body;
s2, placing the gear shaft in a horizontal state on a bearing bracket and a guide bracket, so that the bearing bracket and the guide bracket support the gear shaft, and the lower box body is positioned below the gear shaft;
s3, actuating the gear box bracket, and supporting the lower box body from bottom to top along the vertical direction to enable the lower box body and the upper box body to be in box combination so as to realize gear box combination;
s4, actuating the bearing frames to rotate along the horizontal direction through the driving mechanism, switching each bearing frame to the next station, and screwing the bolts of the bearing seat;
s5, actuating the limiting support to enable the limiting support to be arranged on the outer side of the gear shaft in a surrounding mode, then actuating the bearing frame to rotate in the vertical direction through the driving mechanism, enabling the gear shaft to be switched from a horizontal state to a vertical state, and enabling the gear shaft in the vertical state to be hung on the guide bracket;
s6, performing large gear play adjustment operation, wherein the gear box bracket is far away from the gear shaft along the radial direction of the gear shaft;
s7, carrying out pinion gear box-in operation.
8. The multiple degree of freedom gearbox turning method of claim 7 wherein step S4 is preceded by the further step of:
s8, actuating the bearing bracket and the guide bracket to be far away from the gear shaft along the radial direction of the gear shaft, so that the gear shaft only bears on the gear box bracket;
s9, actuating the gear box bracket to move along the axial direction of the gear shaft in the horizontal state, so that the guide bracket abuts against the shoulder of the gear shaft along the axial direction of the gear shaft.
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| CN202110049213.3A CN112720333B (en) | 2021-01-14 | 2021-01-14 | Gear box multi-degree-of-freedom overturning machine and method |
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| CN202110049213.3A CN112720333B (en) | 2021-01-14 | 2021-01-14 | Gear box multi-degree-of-freedom overturning machine and method |
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| CN112720333B true CN112720333B (en) | 2024-03-26 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113340591B (en) * | 2021-05-24 | 2022-11-18 | 龙铁纵横（北京）轨道交通科技股份有限公司 | Motor train unit gear box bearing clearance adjusting system and method |
| CN114516005B (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2023-11-24 | 龙铁纵横（北京）轨道交通科技股份有限公司 | Maintenance clamping method and system for short shaft side gearbox of motor train unit based on AGV |
| CN114516349B (en) * | 2022-02-28 | 2023-06-16 | 龙铁纵横（北京）轨道交通科技股份有限公司 | Automatic positioning and clamping system and method for overhauling gearbox at long shaft side of motor train unit |
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