CN114516349B

CN114516349B - Automatic positioning and clamping system and method for overhauling gearbox at long shaft side of motor train unit

Info

Publication number: CN114516349B
Application number: CN202210191481.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 徐娜; 李光耀
Original assignee: Loteem Beijing Rail Transit Technology Co Ltd
Current assignee: Loteem Beijing Rail Transit Technology Co Ltd
Priority date: 2022-02-28
Filing date: 2022-02-28
Publication date: 2023-06-16
Anticipated expiration: 2042-02-28
Also published as: CN114516349A

Abstract

The invention discloses an automatic positioning and clamping system and method for overhauling a gear box at the long shaft side of a motor train unit, wherein the system comprises a double-station overturning machine, an electrical control system, a gear box positioning and clamping mechanism at the long shaft side, a tool for adjusting the play of a pull rod at the outer side, a tool for adjusting the play of the pull rod at the inner side, a cover plate opening and closing mechanism and a center mechanism; the long-shaft side gear box positioning and clamping mechanism comprises a clamp body backboard, a horizontal traversing mechanism, a vertical lifting slide seat, a gear box supporting arm, a gear box vertical lifting tool, a long-shaft side gear box lower box positioning and clamping tool and a vertical lifting slide seat locking handle; the seamless combination of the lower box body of the gear box and the large gear shaft and bearing seats at two sides is ensured through the vertical lifting sliding seat; accurate positioning of the front-back direction and the left-right direction of the gear box is ensured through a lower box body positioning clamping profiling tool; the cover plate opening and closing mechanism is driven by the screw rod lifter and the motor to automatically open and close; and the electrical control system controls the center mechanism to act so as to realize automatic adjustment of the bearing clearance of the gearbox.

Description

Automatic positioning and clamping system and method for overhauling gearbox at long shaft side of motor train unit

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of maintenance of gear boxes of motor train units, and particularly relates to an automatic positioning and clamping system and method for maintenance of a gear box on the long shaft side of a motor train unit.

Background

The main major axis side gear box that China's high-speed rail used at present is only one kind, namely early CRH380B (L) motor train unit that comes in from Germany, this kind of gear box is contrary with the gear box of present domestic recovery number, after the box is closed with left and right bearing frame about the gear box upper and lower box, its both sides big gear's play adjusting pad designs in the minor axis side, so need install the gear box seat of major axis side earlier, then erect the gear box axle, then install and adjust the play adjusting pad of gear box axle major axis side and major axis side bearing seat lid etc. however, the operation of prior art has following shortcoming:

first, the requirements on the workshop level are high. Whether the working position is a box assembly or a play adjustment working position, the crown block is required to hoist the shaft workpiece or force is applied by the crown block to carry out play assessment, a higher layer height is required to accommodate the crown block lifting hook, the lifting rope and the lifting appliance arranged on the workpiece in the working workshop, and the working position is not suitable for a repair workshop with a lower later reconstruction layer height. Secondly, the labor is involved, and the labor intensity is relatively high. The operation process requires more steps of manual participation, for example, in order to prevent the workpiece from overturning at a box closing station, a V-shaped steel bracket is required to support a gear box shaft manually, and after the box closing operation is finished, the steel bracket is required to be removed manually; in the play adjusting procedure, the ground cover plate needs to be manually lifted, and the pit cover plate is manually covered again after the operation is completed; the labor intensity is high in the whole operation process; secondly, because the working procedure is finished by manpower, if a manual mistake is made, the work piece is possibly toppled or the equipment is possibly interfered to malfunction; and there is the interactive operation of people and upset machine, has the risk that large-scale equipment bruises the operating personnel. Again, the intelligent management of the overhaul data is weak, and the overhaul process lacks flow guidance. At present, the on-site overhaul data adopts a manual recording mode, whether the bearing clearance adjustment is qualified or not depends on experience and feel of workers, personal errors exist, requirements on skills and proficiency of operators are high, and an overhaul data stream of a complete flow cannot be formed for quality control, overhaul process analysis and overhaul management optimization.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects or improvement demands of the prior art, the invention provides an automatic positioning and clamping system and method for overhauling a gear box at the long shaft side of a motor train unit, wherein an electric control system and a gear box positioning and clamping mechanism at the long shaft side, a tool at the outer side of a pull rod clearance adjustment, a tool at the inner side of the pull rod clearance adjustment, a cover plate opening and closing mechanism and a center mechanism which are in communication connection with the electric control system are arranged on a double-station turnover machine; the support arm of the positioning and clamping mechanism of the gear box at the long shaft side is designed to automatically lift and stretch, and the cover plate opening and closing mechanism is designed to be electrically opened and closed, so that the situation that the V-shaped steel support and the pit cover plate are manually installed in the prior art is avoided, and the automation degree is high; by designing the vertical lifting sliding seat and designing sliding rails in the X direction and the Y direction on the sliding seat, seamless combination of the lower box body, the large gear shaft and bearing seats on the left side and the right side is ensured to be free of interference when a box closing station is performed, the box closing operation step is facilitated by actively removing the lower box body and combining the lower box body with the heavy gear shaft, lifting of large-size and heavy workpieces is avoided, and safety and convenience of box closing operation are improved; by designing a special locking handle, a workpiece slide seat can be locked and kept motionless before the robot is screwed up, so that the problem that the workpiece moves along the axial direction and the automatic operation precision of the robot is affected due to the axial force generated in the screwing up process of the robot is avoided, and important guarantee is provided for the screwing up precision and the screwing up quality of the automatic screwing up bolt of the system robot; the inner/outer side tool for adjusting the play of the pull rod is designed, so that the problem that the bearing play of the German-Frand CRH380B (L) motor train unit gearbox cannot be adjusted by the dead weight of the gearbox is solved, compared with an original operation mechanism, the stress of the gearbox body is more uniform, the cracking problem of an original matrix structure is effectively avoided, and the service life of parts is prolonged; by adopting an automatic instrument with data reading and collecting functions and combining with system operation software and a sensor, the automatic jump and clamping control of operation steps are realized, the steps of manual data recording and operation by manual experience and feel are omitted, and the digitization of the operation process is realized.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides an automatic positioning and clamping system for overhauling a gearbox at the long shaft side of a motor train unit, which is characterized in that: the device comprises a double-station turnover machine for clamping and fixing a gear box workpiece, an electric control system, a long shaft side gear box positioning and clamping mechanism, a pull rod play adjusting outer side tool, a pull rod play adjusting inner side tool, a cover plate opening and closing mechanism and a center mechanism, wherein the long shaft side gear box positioning and clamping mechanism is in communication connection with the electric control system;

the long-shaft side gearbox positioning and clamping mechanism comprises a fixture body backboard arranged on the double-station turnover machine, a horizontal traversing mechanism arranged on the fixture body backboard, a vertical lifting slide seat, a gearbox supporting arm, a gearbox vertical lifting tool arranged on the gearbox supporting arm, a long-shaft side gearbox lower box positioning and clamping tool arranged on the vertical lifting slide seat and a vertical lifting slide seat locking handle; the seamless combination of the lower box body of the gear box, the large gear shaft and the bearing seats on the left side and the right side is ensured by the vertical lifting sliding seat when the box closing station is performed; the accurate positioning of the front-back direction and the left-right direction of the gear box is ensured through the positioning and clamping tool of the lower box body of the gear box at the long shaft side; the outer side tool for adjusting the pull rod play and the inner side tool for adjusting the pull rod play are of an arch structure with one end fixed with the gear box supporting arm and the other end fixed with the vertical lifting slide seat in a crossing way, adjusting foot cups are arranged on the parts of the arch structure crossing the surfaces of the gear box workpieces, and the positions of the outer side tool for adjusting the pull rod play and the inner side tool for adjusting the pull rod play and the upper surface of the gear box workpieces are achieved through adjusting the height positions of adjusting screws on the foot cups; the cover plate opening and closing mechanism is driven by the screw rod lifter and the motor to automatically open and close, and the real-time pressure value of the center mechanism is displayed on an electronic screen of the electrical control system by the spoke type gravity sensor; and the electrical control system controls the center mechanism to act, so that automatic adjustment of the bearing clearance of the gear box is realized.

Further, a gear transmission mechanism is arranged on the back surface of the back plate of the clamp body, and the positioning and clamping mechanism of the gear box on the long shaft side is driven by a motor to rotate by +/-90 degrees in the vertical direction; the front surface of the back plate of the clamp body is provided with a horizontal fixed guide rail and a horizontal adjusting screw rod which are both used for being connected with the horizontal traversing mechanism; the front surface of the clamp body backboard is provided with a vertical fixing sliding block and a first fixing nut which are used for connecting the vertical lifting sliding seat, a first vertical fixing guide rail, a vertical moving sliding block and a vertical sliding support which are used for installing the gear box supporting arm; the vertical moving slide block is mounted on the first vertical fixed guide rail.

Further, the horizontal traversing mechanism comprises a rectangular hollow frame, and a second fixing nut connected with the horizontal adjusting screw rod on the back plate of the clamp body is arranged on the back surface of the rectangular hollow frame; the tail end of the horizontal adjusting screw rod is provided with a first hand wheel which can enable the horizontal traversing mechanism to slide left and right along the horizontal direction on the back plate of the clamp body; the back of the rectangular hollow frame is provided with a horizontal fixed sliding block which is in meshed connection with the horizontal fixed guide rail; the front surface of the rectangular hollow frame is provided with an openable short shaft side support arm for positioning and clamping the outer circle of the axle on the short shaft side of the gear box workpiece; the front face of the rectangular hollow frame is provided with an openable long shaft side support arm for positioning and clamping the outer circle of the axle on the long shaft side of the gear box workpiece.

Further, the vertical lifting sliding seat is arranged between the short shaft side support arm and the long shaft side support arm, and comprises a vertical end connected with the front surface of the back plate of the clamp body and a horizontal end perpendicular to the bottom end of the vertical end; the back of the vertical end is provided with a second vertical fixed guide rail connected with the clamp body back plate, and the second vertical fixed guide rail can be connected with and meshed with the vertical fixed sliding block on the clamp body back plate, so that the vertical lifting sliding seat can complete guiding movement along the vertical direction; the back of the vertical end is also provided with a first vertical screw rod which is connected with a first fixing nut on the front surface of the back plate of the clamp body, and the vertical lifting sliding seat can be driven to move up and down along the vertical surface on the back plate of the clamp body by rotating the first vertical screw rod; the bottom of the horizontal end is provided with a horizontal screw rod perpendicular to the first vertical screw rod, the tail end of the horizontal screw rod is provided with a second hand wheel, and the horizontal screw rod is driven to rotate through the second hand wheel, so that the whole mechanism moves up and down along the vertical direction of the back plate of the clamp body; a reinforcing rib plate is arranged at the position close to the lower side of the front surface of the vertical end; a horizontal sliding rail is arranged on the horizontal end of the vertical lifting sliding seat, a gear box fixing sliding seat is arranged on the horizontal sliding rail, and a gear box lower box body positioning and clamping tool on the long shaft side is arranged on the gear box fixing sliding seat; the vertical lifting slide seat locking handle is an adjustable positioning locking handle, is arranged below the horizontal end of the vertical lifting slide seat and is close to the position of the second hand wheel, and is used for clamping and positioning the gear box fixing slide seat.

Further, the gear box supporting arm is arranged between the vertical lifting sliding seat and the short shaft side supporting arm, the gear box supporting arm is connected with the upper end of the clamp body backboard through a fixed plate and a pin shaft, is connected with a vertical sliding support on the clamp body backboard through a bottom mounting seat, and is driven up and down through a motor, a coupler and a second vertical screw rod, so that the opening and closing actions of the supporting arm are completed; when the clamp body rotates to a vertical posture, the stressed support arm and the movable support arm form a right triangle, so that the equipment installation requirements of the gear box during bearing and large gear play adjustment are met;

the whole vertical frock of lifting of gear box is two half structures, installs first the latter half when using, slides in the semicircle of gear box support arm, then installs the latter half again, covers the removable cover at last to lock with bolt locking mechanism.

Further, the positioning and clamping tool for the lower box body of the gear box on the long shaft side comprises a bottom supporting plate arranged on the gear box fixing sliding seat, a gear box supporting frame arranged on the bottom supporting plate, a gear box profiling pad arranged on the gear box supporting frame, a side clamping mechanism and a workpiece in-place sensor.

Further, the pull rod play adjusting outer side tool comprises a first straight rod, a first transition rod, an arc avoiding rod and a second straight rod which are connected end to end in sequence; the free end part of the first straight rod is fixed with the surface, close to one side of the short shaft side support arm, of the gear box support arm, and the free end part of the second straight rod is fixed with one side, far away from the short shaft side support arm, of the vertical lifting sliding seat; the adjusting foot cups are respectively arranged at two sides of the arc avoiding rod;

the pull rod play adjustment inner side tool comprises a third straight rod, a second transition rod and a fourth straight rod which are connected end to end in sequence; the third straight rod is fixed with the surface of the gear box supporting arm, which is close to one side of the short shaft side supporting arm, and the free end part of the fourth straight rod is fixed with one side of the vertical lifting sliding seat, which is far away from the short shaft side supporting arm.

Further, the cover plate opening and closing mechanism is arranged on a cover plate of the bottom turntable of the double-station turnover machine, and the cover plate is connected with a back plate behind the groove component through a connecting rod mechanism; the center mechanism is integrally arranged in a groove component hung under a turntable of the double-station turnover machine.

The invention provides a method for overhauling, positioning and clamping a gearbox on the long shaft side of a motor train unit, which comprises the following steps:

S1: the turning machine and the gear box positioning and clamping mechanism return to zero for self-checking, the electric control system controls the double-station turning machine to act, so that the horizontal turntable cover plate opening and closing mechanism returns to zero, the long-shaft side gear box positioning and clamping mechanism is in a horizontal posture, the base of the vertical lifting slide seat is replaced by a long-shaft side gear box tool, the jackscrew is in a retreating state, and the vertical lifting slide seat locking handle is in a loosening state;

s2: conveying the gear box workpiece on the long shaft side to a box closing operation station for positioning through an AGV, gluing a joint surface, closing the box and fastening;

s3: turning the working surface to the robot side, returning the robot to zero for self-checking, and turning the end face bolt of the short shaft side of the gear box back to a zero position after the torque value is applied to the end face bolt; turning the working surface to the manual side, and enabling the gear box supporting arm at the long shaft side to rise from the lowest end to the highest end;

installing a gear box vertical lifting tool on the long shaft side of a gear box workpiece, fixing the gear box vertical lifting tool, loosening a locking handle of a vertical lifting seat, starting a motor of a horizontal traversing mechanism, eliminating a clearance value between a gear box body on the long shaft side of the gear box workpiece and the gear box vertical lifting tool, opening a cover plate opening and closing mechanism, and controlling a gear box positioning and clamping mechanism on the long shaft side to enable a back plate of a clamp body to rotate 90 degrees clockwise, so that the gear box workpiece is in a vertical posture;

S5: positioning and installing the outer side tool for adjusting the pull rod clearance and the inner side tool for adjusting the pull rod clearance, jacking up a gear box workpiece by using a center mechanism, measuring a clearance value by using a dial indicator, and lowering a center; selecting a play adjusting pad according to the calculated clearance value, and replacing the adjusting pad on the short shaft side of the gear box; measuring the clearance value of the large gear again by means of the center mechanism until the clearance adjustment assembly of the large gear bearing of the gear box workpiece is qualified;

s6: after the clearance adjustment assembly of the large gear bearing of the gear box workpiece is qualified, removing a pull rod clearance adjustment outer side tool and a pull rod clearance adjustment inner side tool, installing a bearing seat cover on the short shaft side of the gear box shaft, sealing, and carrying out pinion feeding and pinion clearance measurement operation; the working surface is turned to the robot side, and the robot automatically returns to the zero position after applying a torque value to the end face bolt on the short shaft side; the working surface is turned to the manual side, and the electric control system controls the positioning and clamping mechanism of the gear box on the long shaft side to enable the backboard of the clamp body to rotate 90 degrees anticlockwise, so that the gear box workpiece is in a horizontal posture;

s7: after the operation is finished, the tooling is disassembled, the support arm cover plate is opened, and the workpiece is adjusted away from the station to remove the finished product standing area.

Further, step S5 further includes the steps of:

S51: two sets of dial indicators are arranged face to face on the outer circle of the axle on the short shaft side of the gear box workpiece, the gauge stand is sucked on the outer circle of the axle, the gauge needle contacts the end face of the bearing seat on the long shaft side of the gear box, a worker rotates the gear box workpiece, reads the readings of the two gauges, takes an average value and automatically transmits the average value to a server;

s52: the electric control system sends out an instruction to control the center mechanism to act, so that the center contacts the center hole at the lower end of the gear box workpiece, the workpiece is jacked up, and meanwhile, the outer side tool for adjusting the pull rod clearance and the inner side tool for adjusting the pull rod clearance are stressed; checking that the top stops lifting when the reading of the top sensor is within 940+/-20 kg; the worker rotates the dial indicator again, reads the readings of the two meters, takes the average value, and uploads the readings to the server;

s53: the electric control system software calculates two groups of numerical values according to a preset calculation formula, obtains a clearance value of a gear box bearing, and displays the numerical values on an electronic screen of the electric control system; the operator makes a corresponding clearance adjusting pad according to the clearance value; transporting the gear box clearance adjustment pad at the long shaft side to a box closing station, taking down the instrument on the workpiece by a worker, opening the gear box bearing seat cover and the bearing seat at the long shaft side, and taking out the original pad; sleeving the manufactured clearance adjusting pad into an axle from the short shaft side, and then installing a bearing seat and fixing the bearing seat with a fastening bolt;

S54: the worker reinstallates the dial indicator, again measures the clearance value between the gearbox shaft bearing and the gearbox body bearing seat, determines that the value is in a qualified range and then uploads the value to the server (if the detection result is unqualified, the calculation and the previous measurement are possibly wrong, and the previous steps are continued until the data are qualified);

s55: rotating the axle, detecting the rotation flexibility and resistance value of the bearing by an operator by using a resistance detector, ensuring that the value is within a qualified range, and uploading the value to a server for automatic qualification judgment of the system

In general, the above technical solutions conceived by the present invention, compared with the prior art, enable the following beneficial effects to be obtained:

(1) The automatic positioning and clamping system for overhauling the gear box at the long shaft side of the motor train unit is a part of a double-station turnover machine, and the situation that a V-shaped steel bracket and a manual lifting cover pit cover plate are required to be manually installed originally is avoided by designing the automatic lifting telescopic support arm and the electric opening and closing mechanism, so that the degree of automation is high; the working efficiency is improved, and the labor intensity is reduced.

(2) According to the automatic positioning and clamping system for overhauling the gearbox at the long shaft side of the motor train unit, the vertical lifting sliding seat is designed, and the sliding rails in the X direction and the Y direction are designed on the sliding seat, so that seamless combination of the lower box body, the large gear shaft and the bearing seats at the left side and the right side is ensured to be free of interference when a box closing station is carried out, the box closing operation step is facilitated by actively removing the lower box body and combining the lower box body with the heavy gear shaft, the hoisting of large-size and heavy workpieces is avoided, and the safety and convenience of the box closing operation are improved;

(3) According to the automatic positioning and clamping system for overhauling the gearbox at the long shaft side of the motor train unit, through designing the gearbox profiling tool, accurate positioning in the front-back direction and the left-right direction of the gearbox is ensured, the recognition range of a vision camera for robot operation is met, and the normal operation of the system is ensured;

(4) According to the automatic positioning and clamping system for overhauling the gearbox at the long shaft side of the motor train unit, the special locking handle is designed, and the workpiece sliding seat can be locked and kept motionless before the robot is screwed up, so that the problem that workpieces move along the axial direction and the automatic operation precision of the robot is affected due to the axial force generated by the robot in the screwing up process is avoided, and important guarantee is provided for the screwing up precision and the screwing up quality of the automatic screwing up bolt of the system robot;

(5) According to the automatic positioning and clamping system for overhauling the gearbox at the long shaft side of the motor train unit, disclosed by the invention, the problem that the bearing play of the gearbox of the German-Frand CRH380B (L) motor train unit cannot be adjusted by the dead weight of the gearbox is solved by designing the tool for adjusting the inner/outer sides of the pull rod play, and compared with an original operation mechanism, the gearbox body is more uniformly stressed, the cracking problem of an original matrix structure is effectively avoided, and the service life of parts is prolonged;

(6) According to the automatic positioning and clamping system for overhauling the gearbox at the long shaft side of the motor train unit, disclosed by the invention, the automatic jumping and clamping control of the operation steps are realized by adopting an automatic instrument with data reading and collecting functions and combining with system operation software and a sensor, the steps of manual data recording and operation by means of manual experience and feeling are omitted, and the digitization of the operation process is realized.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram (view angle one) of a positioning and clamping system for overhauling a gearbox on a long shaft side of a motor train unit on a turnover machine according to an embodiment of the invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic diagram (view angle two) of a position of an automatic positioning and clamping system for overhauling a gear box on a long shaft side of a motor train unit on a turnover machine according to an embodiment of the invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram (view angle three) of a long-axis side gearbox positioning and clamping mechanism of a motor train unit long-axis side gearbox maintenance automatic positioning and clamping system according to an embodiment of the invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram (view angle four) of a long-axis side gearbox positioning and clamping mechanism of a motor train unit long-axis side gearbox maintenance automatic positioning and clamping system according to an embodiment of the invention;

fig. 5 is a schematic top view of a positioning and clamping mechanism of a long-axis side gearbox of an automatic positioning and clamping system for overhauling a long-axis side gearbox of a motor train unit according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic side view of a positioning and clamping mechanism of a long-axis side gearbox of an automatic positioning and clamping system for overhauling a long-axis side gearbox of a motor train unit according to an embodiment of the invention;

fig. 7 is a schematic diagram of a back structure of a back plate of a fixture body of an automatic positioning and clamping system for overhauling a gearbox on a long shaft side of a motor train unit according to an embodiment of the invention;

fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a front structure of a back plate of a fixture body of an automatic positioning and clamping system for overhauling a gearbox on a long shaft side of a motor train unit according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 9 is a schematic view of the back structure of a horizontal traversing mechanism of an automatic positioning and clamping system for maintenance of a gearbox on the long shaft side of a motor train unit in an embodiment of the invention;

fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of a front structure of a horizontal traversing mechanism of an automatic positioning and clamping system for overhauling a gear box on a long shaft side of a motor train unit according to an embodiment of the invention;

fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a positioning and clamping tool for a lower box body of a long-axis side gearbox of an automatic positioning and clamping system for overhauling a long-axis side gearbox of a motor train unit in an embodiment of the invention;

fig. 12 is a schematic diagram of an operation flow of an automatic positioning and clamping method for overhauling a gearbox on a long shaft side of a motor train unit according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of a clearance adjustment flow of a large gear bearing of an automatic positioning and clamping method for overhauling a gearbox on a long shaft side of a motor train unit according to an embodiment of the invention;

Fig. 14 is a schematic diagram of the whole operation process of the automatic positioning and clamping method for overhauling a gear box on the long shaft side of a motor train unit according to the embodiment of the invention.

Like reference numerals denote like technical features throughout the drawings, in particular: 1-double-station turners, 11-turntables, 2-electrical control systems, 3-gear box workpieces, 4-tip mechanisms, 5-long axis side gear box positioning clamping mechanisms, 51-fixture body backplates, 511-gear transmission mechanisms, 512-horizontal fixed rails, 513-horizontal adjusting screws, 5131-first hand wheels, 514-vertical fixed sliders, 515-first vertical fixed rails, 516-first fixed nuts, 517-vertical moving sliders, 518-vertical sliding supports, 52-horizontal traversing mechanisms, 521-rectangular hollow frames, 522-second fixed nuts, 523-horizontal fixed sliders, 524-short axis side arms, 525-long axis side arms, and 53-vertical lifting slide, 531-vertical end, 5311-first vertical lead screw, 532-horizontal end, 5321-horizontal lead screw, 5322-second hand wheel, 533-deep floor, 534-horizontal slide rail, 535-gear box fixing slide, 54-gear box supporting arm, 55-gear box vertical lifting tool, 56-long shaft side gear box lower box positioning clamping tool, 561-bottom supporting plate, 562-gear box supporting frame, 563-gear box profiling pad, 564-side clamping mechanism, 565-workpiece in-place sensor, 57-vertical lifting slide locking handle, 6-pull rod play adjusting outer side tool, 7-pull rod play adjusting inner side tool, 8-cover plate opening and closing mechanism.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. In addition, the technical features of the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not collide with each other.

In the description of the present invention, it will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "mounted," "disposed," or "disposed" on another element, it can be directly on the other element or be indirectly on the other element unless explicitly stated and limited otherwise. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or be indirectly connected to the other element; the terms "mounted," "connected," and "provided" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communicated with the inside of two elements or the interaction relationship of the two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "first", "second". The term "may include one or more of the feature, either explicitly or implicitly. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more, unless explicitly defined otherwise. In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "length", "width", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

As shown in fig. 1-11, the invention provides an automatic positioning and clamping system for overhauling a gearbox at the long shaft side of a motor train unit, which is used for the overhauling field of a split gearbox of a motor train unit and a motor train unit, and is derived from the operation of assembling upper and lower boxes and adjusting the play of bearing seats of the gearbox at the long shaft side of the motor train unit, and is not applicable to the needs of the gearbox operation of a main machine plant at the short shaft side Qi Yeyan aiming at the design of a De-Fried gearbox, and comprises a double-station turnover machine 1, an electric control system 2, a long shaft side gearbox positioning and clamping mechanism 5, a pull rod play adjusting outer tooling 6, a pull rod play adjusting inner tooling 7, a cover plate opening and closing mechanism 8 and a center mechanism 4, wherein the double-station turnover machine 1, the electric control system 2 and the long shaft side gearbox positioning and clamping mechanism 5 are in communication connection with the electric control system 2; the long-axis side gearbox positioning and clamping mechanism 5 comprises a fixture body back plate 51 arranged on the double-station turnover machine 1, a horizontal traversing mechanism 52 arranged on the fixture body back plate 51, a vertical lifting slide seat 53, a gearbox supporting arm 54, a gearbox vertical lifting tool 55 arranged on the gearbox supporting arm 54, a long-axis side gearbox lower box positioning and clamping tool 56 arranged on the vertical lifting slide seat 53 and a vertical lifting slide seat locking handle 57; according to the invention, the vertical lifting sliding seat 53 ensures the seamless combination of the lower box body of the gear box, the large gear shaft and the bearing seats on the left side and the right side during the box closing station; the positioning and clamping tool 56 of the lower box body of the gear box at the long shaft side is a profiling tool and is used for ensuring accurate positioning of the gear box in the front-back direction and the left-right direction; the pull rod play adjusting outer side tooling 6 and the pull rod play adjusting inner side tooling 7 are both arched, one end of each of the pull rod play adjusting outer side tooling 6 and the pull rod play adjusting inner side tooling 7 is fixed with the gear box supporting arm 54, the other end of each of the pull rod play adjusting outer side tooling 6 and the pull rod play adjusting inner side tooling 7 stretches across the gear box workpiece 3 and is fixed with the vertical lifting sliding seat 53, adjusting foot cups are arranged on the parts of the pull rod play adjusting outer side tooling 6 stretching across the surface of the gear box workpiece 3, and the height positions of adjusting screws on the foot cups are adjusted to position the pull rod play adjusting outer side tooling 6 and the pull rod play adjusting inner side tooling 7 with the upper surface of the gear box workpiece 3; the cover plate opening and closing mechanism 8 is driven by a screw rod lifter and a motor to automatically open and close, and a spoke type gravity sensor is arranged on the center mechanism 4 so that a pressure value is displayed on an electronic screen of an electrical control system to prompt an operator of the real-time pressure value; and the electrical control system 2 controls the center mechanism 4 to act, so that automatic adjustment of the bearing clearance of the gearbox is realized.

Further, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the bottom of the double-station turnover machine 1 is provided with a turntable 11, which can rotate by ±180° in the horizontal direction, so as to facilitate the convenient conversion between the manual working surface and the robot working surface of the double-station turnover machine 1; a gantry box type structure is arranged in the middle of the upper part of the turntable 11, two driving rotating shafts are arranged on two sides of the gantry box type structure, each rotating shaft is provided with a set of long shaft side gear box positioning and clamping mechanism 5, each long shaft side gear box positioning and clamping mechanism 5 is provided with a gear box supporting arm 54 and a gear box vertical lifting tool 55, the gear box supporting arm 54 and the gear box vertical lifting tool 55 can complete opening and closing telescopic actions, and cover plates are arranged on the gear box supporting arm 54 and the gear box vertical lifting tool 55 and can be used for fixing gear box workpieces 3 and can meet the overhaul operation of different types of gear boxes; because the long shaft side gear box positioning and clamping mechanisms 5 on two sides of the gantry box type structure can freely switch the working stations through the turntable 11 at the bottom, the two-station positioning and clamping mechanism can simultaneously meet the working requirements of double stations.

Further, as shown in fig. 1 and 2, the electrical control system 2 includes an electrical control cabinet, a central computer, an electrical display screen and a device operation button, which collect signals of a tip sensor and PLC signals of a motor together, and perform signal processing through the central computer to control the drivers and sensor actions of all mechanism action motors of the turnover machine; the system is provided with a microcomputer, and is used for collecting signals of actions of various mechanisms, receiving and transmitting instructions, issuing actions, interlocking the mechanisms, performing control on the actions and the like; the electric control system 2 is arranged above the gantry box-type structure, and the electric control system 2 is connected with the gantry box-type structure on the double-station turnover machine through fastening screws and power lines and signal lines;

Further, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the whole center mechanism 4 is connected in the groove component hung under the horizontal turntable of the double-station turnover machine 1 through fastening screws and signal wires, the whole center mechanism is in a conical columnar structure, a spoke type gravity sensor is installed below the center mechanism, a special horizontal outward floating structure is arranged above the center mechanism, the whole structure is lifted up and down through a screw lifting device, when the gear box workpiece 3 rotates in a vertical posture, the center can be lifted up to be contacted with the gear box workpiece, so that the gear box is separated from the supporting seat, and meanwhile, the pressure value of the spoke type gravity sensor can be displayed on an electronic screen of an electrical control system and is used for prompting the real-time pressure value of operators. By adopting an automatic instrument with data reading and collecting functions and combining with system operation software and a sensor, the automatic jump and clamping control of operation steps are realized, the steps of manual data recording and operation by manual experience and feel are omitted, and the digitization of the operation process is realized.

Further, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the cover plate opening and closing mechanism 8 is used in cooperation with a groove component of the chassis of the turnover machine, is installed on a cover plate of a turntable at the bottom of the double-station turnover machine 1, avoids a long shaft end of a gear box workpiece 3 through opening and closing actions of the cover plate, is connected with the edge of the groove through a rotating shaft and lotus leaves, is connected with a back plate behind the groove component through a connecting rod mechanism, is driven by a screw rod lifter and a motor, and is positioned through a position sensor to enable a connecting rod to do reciprocating actions, so that the opening and closing actions of the cover plate are realized; according to the invention, by designing the automatic lifting telescopic support arm and the electric opening and closing mechanism, the situation that the V-shaped steel support and the manual lifting pit cover plate are required to be manually installed is avoided, and the degree of automation is high; the working efficiency is improved, and the labor intensity is reduced.

Further, as shown in fig. 1 and fig. 2, the outer tooling 6 for adjusting the play of the pull rod is wholly arc-shaped and is formed by welding Q345 steel, is fixed with the arc surface of the outer circular bottom surface of the support arm of the turnover machine through a bolt on the plane of the lower end, is fixed with the lifting support of the turnover machine on the upper end of the part through a double-bolt mechanism on the upper end, is provided with a yielding arc structure in the middle, is used for yielding the opening and closing operation of the end cover of the gear box in the operation process, two adjusting foot cups are respectively arranged on two sides of the arc mechanism, positions the pull rod and the upper surface of the workpiece of the gear box through the height position of an adjusting screw, and further carries out the play adjustment operation of the large bearing of the gear box. The whole inner side tool 7 for adjusting the play of the pull rod is arched and is formed by welding Q345 steel, the lower end face of the lower end face is fixed with the lower bolt position of a supporting arm of the turnover machine and the lower end face of a diagonal reinforcing rib, the lower end face of the lower end face is fixed with a lifting support of the turnover machine at the upper end of a part through an upper end double-bolt mechanism, a straight rod structure is arranged in the middle of the lower end face, compared with the outer side tool 6 for adjusting the play of the pull rod, an arc avoidance structure is not arranged, two adjusting foot cups are arranged on two sides of the straight rod mechanism respectively, the pull rod and the upper surface of a workpiece of a gear box are positioned through the height position of an adjusting screw rod, and the play adjustment operation of a large bearing of the gear box is performed; the tool 6 at the outer side of the pull rod clearance adjustment is fixed with a vertical lifting slide seat of the clamp body through the upper end of a bolt mechanism, is positioned with a gear box workpiece through an adjusting foot cup, and the lower end of the tool is fixed with the end face of a circular ring at the bottom of an excircle of a supporting arm opening and closing mechanism of the turnover machine through the bolt mechanism and a positioning surface; the upper end of the pull rod play adjusting inner side tool 7 is fixed with an end face hole of a vertical lifting slide seat of the clamp body through a bolt mechanism, is positioned with a gear box workpiece through an adjusting foot cup, and the lower end of the pull rod play adjusting inner side tool is fixed with a bolt position below an opening and closing support arm of the turnover machine and the lower end face of a diagonal reinforcing rib through a bolt mechanism and a positioning surface; according to the invention, through designing the inner side tool for adjusting the pull rod clearance and the outer side tool for adjusting the pull rod clearance, the problem that the German frank CRH380B (L) motor train unit gearbox cannot adjust the bearing clearance by the dead weight of the gearbox is solved, and compared with an original operation mechanism, the stress of the gearbox body is more uniform, the cracking problem of an original base body structure is effectively avoided, and the service life of parts is prolonged.

Further, as shown in fig. 1 to 11, the long axis side gearbox positioning and clamping mechanism 5 includes a sensor assembly, a fixture body back plate 51 mounted on the double-station tilter 1, and a fixture body assembly mounted on the fixture body back plate 51, the fixture body assembly includes a horizontal traversing mechanism 52 mounted on the fixture body back plate 51, a vertical lifting slide 53, a gearbox support arm 54, a gearbox vertical lifting tool 55 mounted on the gearbox support arm 54, a long axis side gearbox lower box positioning and clamping tool 56 mounted on the vertical lifting slide 53, and a vertical lifting slide locking handle 57; the main structure of the fixture body back plate 51 is formed by welding Q235, a gear transmission mechanism 511 is arranged on the back surface (one side facing the electric control system 2) of the fixture body back plate 51, a large gear is used for being fixedly connected with a box-type frame above a turntable of the double-station turnover machine, a small gear is used for being connected with a driving motor, and the rotation of the fixture body assembly in the vertical direction of +/-90 degrees is completed through motor driving; a horizontal fixed guide rail 512 and a horizontal adjusting screw 513 are installed on the front surface (the side far away from the electric control system 2) of the fixture body back plate 51 along the longitudinal central axis direction of the fixture body back plate 51, and are both used for being connected with the horizontal traversing mechanism 52; the front surface of the fixture body backboard 51 is provided with a vertical fixing slide block 514 and a U-shaped Tr type first fixing nut 516 which are used for connecting the vertical lifting slide seat 53, a first vertical fixing guide rail 515 used for installing the gear box supporting arm 54, a vertical moving slide block 517 and a vertical sliding support 518, wherein the vertical moving slide block 517 is installed on the first vertical fixing guide rail 515; the long shaft side gear box positioning and clamping mechanism 5 is connected with a mounting hole on the double-station turnover machine through a large gear mounting plate on the clamp body back plate 51 and is fixed through a fastening screw. The sensor assembly comprises a vertical slide workpiece detection sensor arranged on the vertical lifting slide 53 and a horizontal traversing mechanism position detection sensor arranged on the horizontal traversing mechanism 52. The invention improves the working efficiency and reduces the labor intensity. The mechanism is a part of a double-station turnover machine, and by designing an automatic lifting telescopic support arm and an electric opening and closing mechanism, the situation that a V-shaped steel support and a manual lifting pit cover plate are required to be manually installed is avoided, and the degree of automation is high;

Further, as shown in fig. 2 to 4 and 8 to 10, the horizontal traversing mechanism 52 includes a rectangular hollow frame 521, the rectangular hollow frame 521 being welded from Q345 steel; a Tr-shaped second fixing nut 522 is mounted on the back surface (the surface close to the back plate 51 of the fixture body) of the rectangular hollow frame 521 and is connected to the horizontal adjusting screw 513 on the back plate 51 of the fixture body, a first hand wheel 5131 is mounted on the horizontal adjusting screw 513, and the horizontal traversing mechanism 52 is driven to move horizontally by the rotation of the first hand wheel; a horizontal fixing slider 523 is mounted on the back surface of the rectangular hollow frame 521, and is engaged with the horizontal fixing rail 512 on the back plate 51 of the fixture body, and can slide along the horizontal fixing rail 512; a short shaft side support arm 524 is arranged on the left side of the front surface of the rectangular hollow frame 521, and can complete opening and closing and positioning and clamping operation on the outer circle of the gear box short shaft side workpiece; a long shaft side support arm 525 is arranged on the right side of the front surface of the rectangular hollow frame 521, and can complete the opening and closing actions and position and clamp the outer circle of the long shaft side axle of the gear box workpiece; the power of the short-axis side support arm 524 and the long-axis side support arm 525 is driven by a driving motor through a shaft coupling and a screw rod; the long-axis side arm 525 and the second fixing nut 522 are mounted on the same side of two opposite surfaces of the rectangular hollow frame 521; the horizontal traversing mechanism 52 of the present invention is connected to the horizontal fixing rail 512 on the back plate 51 of the fixture body through the horizontal fixing slider 523, and is connected to the horizontal adjusting screw 513 on the back plate 51 of the fixture body through the second fixing nut 522, the end of the horizontal adjusting screw 513 is provided with the first hand wheel 5131, and the horizontal traversing mechanism 52 can slide left and right on the back plate 51 of the fixture body along the horizontal direction by adjusting the rotation of the first hand wheel 5131.

Further, as shown in fig. 1 to 11, the vertical lifting sliding seat 53 is L-shaped and is formed by welding Q345 steel, and is disposed between the short-axis side support arm 524 and the long-axis side support arm 525, and the vertical lifting sliding seat 53 includes a vertical end 531 connected to the front surface of the fixture body back plate 51 and a horizontal end 532 perpendicular to the bottom end of the vertical end 531; the back surface of the vertical end 531 is provided with a second vertical fixed guide rail connected with the fixture body back plate 51, and the second vertical fixed guide rail can be connected with and meshed with the vertical fixed sliding block 514 on the fixture body back plate 51, so that the vertical lifting sliding seat 53 can complete guiding movement along the vertical direction; the back of the vertical end 531 is further provided with a first vertical screw 5311, the first vertical screw 5311 is a Tr-shaped screw, the screw is connected with a first fixing nut 516 on the front surface of the fixture body back plate 51, and the vertical lifting sliding seat 53 can be driven to move up and down along the vertical surface on the fixture body back plate 51 by rotating the first vertical screw 5311; the bottom of the horizontal end 532 is provided with a horizontal screw 5321 perpendicular to the first vertical screw 5311, the first vertical screw 5311 is connected with the horizontal screw 5321 through a right angle adapter (1:5 reduction ratio), the tail end of the horizontal screw 5321 is provided with a second hand wheel 5322, the horizontal screw 5321 is driven to rotate through the second hand wheel 5322 at the tail end of the horizontal screw, and the whole mechanism can move up and down along the vertical direction of the fixture body backboard 51; reinforcing rib plates 533 are arranged on the front lower part of the vertical end 531 and used for reinforcing the whole mechanism; horizontal sliding rails 534 in the OX and OY directions are installed on the horizontal end 532 of the vertical lifting sliding seat 53 at intervals in parallel, a gear box fixing sliding seat 535 is installed on the horizontal sliding rail 534, and a gear box positioning and clamping tool 56 under the gear box on the long shaft side is installed on the gear box fixing sliding seat 535; the vertical lifting sliding seat 53 is meshed with the vertical fixing sliding block 514 on the back plate 51 of the clamp body through the second vertical fixing guide rail at the vertical end back, is screwed and connected with the first fixing nut on the back plate 51 of the clamp body through the first vertical screw 5311, is connected with the horizontal screw 5321 through the right-angle rotating head at the bottom of the first vertical screw 5311, and can enable the vertical lifting sliding seat 53 to move up and down on the back plate 51 of the clamp body along the vertical direction through the adjustment and rotation of the second hand wheel 5322 arranged at the tail end of the horizontal screw 5321; according to the invention, the vertical lifting sliding seat is designed, and the sliding rails in the X direction and the Y direction are designed on the sliding seat, so that seamless combination of the lower box body, the large gear shaft and the bearing seats on the left side and the right side is free from interference when the box assembling station is realized, the box assembling operation step is facilitated by actively removing the lower box body and combining the lower box body with the heavy gear shaft, the hoisting of large-size and heavy workpieces is avoided, and the safety and convenience of the box assembling operation are improved.

Further, as shown in fig. 1 to 11, the vertical lift carriage locking handle 57 is connected with the vertical lift carriage 53 through a threaded hole, and is installed below the horizontal end 532 of the vertical lift carriage 53 and near the second hand wheel 5322, so as to be used for clamping and positioning the gearbox fixing carriage 535, thereby providing convenience for screwing the robot; the vertical lifting slide seat locking handle 57 is an adjustable positioning locking handle, is formed by combining a special screw rod and a nylon top tip, and can lock the workpiece slide seat and keep the workpiece slide seat motionless before the robot screwing operation by designing the special locking handle, so that the problem that the workpiece moves along the axial direction and influences the automatic operation precision of the robot due to the axial force generated in the screwing process of the robot is avoided, and important guarantee is provided for the screwing precision and the screwing quality of the automatic screwing bolt of the system robot.

Further, as shown in fig. 1-11, the gear box supporting arm 54 is installed between the vertical lifting sliding seat 53 and the short shaft side supporting arm 524, and includes a force bearing supporting arm, a movable cover plate, a latch locking mechanism, a fixed plate and a pin shaft, a second vertical screw and a coupling, a driving motor and a speed reducer, a position sensor and a bottom mounting seat; the upper end of the fixture body back plate 51 is connected with the upper end of the fixture body back plate 51 through a fixed plate and a pin shaft, the upper end of the fixture body back plate 51 is connected with a vertical sliding support 518 on the fixture body back plate 51 through a bottom mounting seat, and the upper and lower driving of the movable support arm is completed through motor driving, a universal coupling and a second vertical screw rod, so that the opening and closing actions are completed; the stress support arm is of a special design structure, and forms a right triangle with the movable support arm when the clamp body rotates to be in a vertical posture, so that the equipment installation requirements of gear box bearing and large gear play adjustment are met; the gear box supporting arm 54 is located on the right side of the vertical lifting sliding seat 53, when the gear box workpiece on the long shaft side works, besides the gear box supporting arm 54 and the L-shaped vertical lifting sliding seat 53 act together, the gear box workpiece needs to rotate 90 degrees clockwise to the right, and in order to avoid the chassis of the turnover machine, a cover plate opening and closing mechanism of a bottom horizontal turntable of the turnover machine is needed, and rotation linkage control with a back plate of the clamp body is needed.

Further, the whole vertical lifting tool 55 of the gear box is formed by turning nylon or PP, and is divided into two half structures for convenient installation; when in use, the lower half is firstly installed and slides into the semicircle of the gear box supporting arm, then the upper half is installed, and finally the movable cover plate is covered and locked by the bolt locking mechanism.

Further, as shown in fig. 1-11, the positioning and clamping tool 56 for the lower case of the gear case on the long axis side is customized according to the profile modeling of the gear case workpiece on the long axis side CRH380B (L), and is used for the front-back positioning and left-right clamping operation of the gear case workpiece, and comprises a bottom support plate 561 mounted on the gear case fixing slide 535, a gear case support 562 mounted on the bottom support plate 561, a gear case profile modeling pad 563 mounted on the gear case support 562, a side clamping mechanism 564, and a workpiece in-place sensor 565; the positioning and clamping tool 56 of the lower box body of the gear box at the long shaft side is connected with the vertical lifting sliding seat 53 at the bottom through a fastening screw and a locking washer; according to the invention, through designing the gear box profiling tool, accurate positioning of the gear box in the front-back direction and the left-right direction is ensured, and a guarantee is provided for meeting the recognition range of a robot operation vision camera and ensuring normal operation of the system.

12-14, according to another aspect of the present invention, there is also provided a working flow of an automatic positioning and clamping system for maintenance of a gearbox on a long shaft side of a motor train unit, as follows:

s1: returning to zero and self-checking of the turnover machine and the gear box positioning and clamping mechanism; the electric control system controls the double-station turnover machine to act, so that the horizontal turntable cover plate opening and closing mechanism is reset, the long-shaft-side gear box positioning and clamping mechanism is in a horizontal posture, the base of the vertical lifting slide seat is replaced by a long-shaft-side gear box tool, the jackscrew is in a retreating state, and the vertical lifting slide seat locking handle is in a loosening state; specifically, the electric control system controls the double-station turnover machine to act, so that the horizontal turntable cover plate opening and closing mechanism is reset to zero, the top center mechanism is reset to zero, the horizontal turntable servo motor is reset to zero, the vertical rotating shaft servo motor of the A-plane and B-plane long shaft side gearbox positioning and clamping mechanism is reset to zero, and the vertical rotating switch is closed; namely, the long-axis side gear box positioning and clamping mechanism is in a horizontal posture, the vertical rotating shaft is locked, and a vertical sliding seat workpiece detection sensor of the long-axis side gear box positioning and clamping mechanism displays no workpiece; the state self-checking of the positioning and clamping mechanism of the gear box at the long axis side, the horizontal traversing mechanism is positioned at the middle position of the back plate of the clamp body through the electric control system, the support arm of the gear box at the long axis side is positioned at the lowest position, the support arm at the short axis side of the horizontal traversing mechanism is positioned at the highest position, the support arm at the long axis side of the horizontal traversing mechanism is positioned at the highest position, and all support arm cover plates are in an open state; the travel of the vertical lifting slide seat in the vertical direction is at the lowest position, the slide block of the vertical lifting slide seat in the OX direction is at the middle position, the base of the vertical lifting slide seat is replaced by a long shaft side gear box tool, the jackscrew is in a retreating state, and the locking handle of the vertical lifting slide seat is in a loosening state;

S2: conveying the gear box workpiece on the long shaft side to a box closing operation station for positioning through an AGV, gluing a joint surface, closing the box and fastening; the method specifically comprises the following steps:

s21: the operator lifts the lower gearbox body of the gearbox to the positioning and clamping tool of the lower gearbox body of the gearbox, and clamps the side face of the lower gearbox body of the gearbox by using left and right locking jackscrews, and at the moment, a workpiece is placed in the vertical mounting seat when the workpiece is detected by the position sensor;

s22: an operator conveys a long shaft side gear shaft to a box closing operation station through an AGV, and lifts the long shaft side gear shaft to a horizontal traversing mechanism (a bearing seat of a gear box on a short shaft side and a bearing seat sealing ring of the gear box on a long shaft side are provided with bearing seat covers), and the horizontal traversing mechanism is positioned through a positioning mechanism on a short shaft side support arm to ensure that the axial position of a workpiece is accurate, covers cover plates on support arms at two ends of the horizontal traversing mechanism and is fixed through a spring bolt;

s23: the AGV conveys the lower box body of the gear box at the long shaft side to a box closing station, and the joint surfaces of the lower box body and the left and right bearing seats as well as the lateral surfaces of the gear box body are coated with sealant; closing the box, combining and installing a lower box body of the gear box and left and right bearing seats, and carrying out fastening bolts according to process requirements;

S24: AGVs transport the upper box body of the gear box on the short shaft side to a box closing station, and hoist the upper box body, the lower box body and the bearing seats on the left side and the right side; installing bolts and lock washers on upper and lower joint surfaces of the gear box, and pre-tightening the bolts and the lock washers by using a torque wrench and then beating a torque value; gluing the bearing seat joint surface of the gear box at the long shaft side to ensure uniform thickness and cover the annular surface of the joint surface with the bearing seat cover; installing a sealing ring and a bearing seat cover of the gear box at the long shaft side, installing a bearing seat cover screw, using a torque wrench to make a torque value, and making an anti-loose mark; the locking handle of the vertical lifting seat is in a locking state; after the FLD gear box directly coats the sealant on the combination surface of the gear box bearing seat, the bolt of the short-shaft bearing seat is installed and pre-tightened;

s3: turning the working face to the robot side, performing self-checking by the robot after zeroing, and returning to a zero position after applying a torque value to the short shaft side of the gear box; turning the working surface to the manual side, and enabling the gear box supporting arm at the long shaft side to rise from the lowest end to the highest end; specifically, the electrical control system sends out a command to rotate the horizontal turntable 180 degrees to the robot side; the robot returns to zero for self-checking, the servo tightening shaft is automatically checked and data checked, and all rotation shafts of the robot act and signals are self-checked; the tightening shaft is provided with a tightening tool for installing the gear box on the long shaft side, and the robot and the tightening system are provided with a tightening program for the gear box on the long shaft side; after the robot strikes a torque value on the side face of the long shaft of the gear box, the robot returns to the zero position; the electrical control system sends out an instruction, and the horizontal turntable reversely rotates 180 degrees to the manual side; the gear box supporting arm on the long shaft side is lifted from the lowest end to the highest end;

S4: installing and fixing a gear box vertical lifting tool on the long shaft side of a gear box workpiece, loosening a locking handle of a vertical lifting seat, starting a motor of a horizontal traversing mechanism, eliminating a clearance value between a gear box body on the long shaft side of the gear box workpiece and the gear box vertical lifting tool, and controlling a gear box positioning and clamping mechanism on the long shaft side to enable a back plate of a clamp body to rotate 90 degrees clockwise, so that the gear box workpiece is in a vertical posture; specifically, the long shaft side tool is in place, a gear box vertical lifting tool is arranged on the long shaft side of a gear box workpiece, a support arm cover plate is covered, and the support arm cover plate is fixed firmly through a spring bolt; loosening a base locking handle of the vertical lifting sliding seat; starting a motor of the horizontal traversing mechanism through an electrical control system, and eliminating a gap value between a box body at the long shaft side of a gear box workpiece and a vertical lifting tool of the gear box; the electrical control system rotates and detects, controls a vertical rotary switch on the gear box positioning and clamping mechanism at the long shaft side to be opened, and allows the equipment to execute vertical rotary motion; the cover plate opening and closing mechanism is opened; the backboard of the clamp body is controlled to rotate 90 degrees clockwise to the right, so that the workpiece of the gear box is in a vertical posture;

s5: positioning and installing the outer side tool for adjusting the pull rod clearance and the inner side tool for adjusting the pull rod clearance, jacking up a gear box workpiece by using a center mechanism, measuring a clearance value by using a dial indicator, and lowering a center; selecting a play adjusting pad according to the calculated clearance value, and replacing the adjusting pad on the short shaft side of the gear box; measuring the clearance value of the large gear again by means of the center mechanism until the clearance adjustment assembly of the large gear bearing of the gear box workpiece is qualified; specifically, the method further comprises the following steps:

S51: two sets of dial indicators are arranged face to face on the outer circle of the axle on the short shaft side of the gear box workpiece, the dial indicators are sucked on the outer circle of the axle, the dial indicators contact the end face of the bearing seat on the long shaft side of the gear box, a worker rotates the gear box workpiece, reads the readings of the two dial indicators, takes an average value, and automatically transmits the data to a server;

s55: rotating the axle, detecting the rotation flexibility and resistance value of the bearing by an operator by using a resistance detector, ensuring that the value is in a qualified range, and uploading the value to a server for automatic qualification judgment of the system;

s6: after the clearance adjustment assembly of the large gear bearing of the gear box workpiece is qualified, removing a pull rod clearance adjustment outer side tool and a pull rod clearance adjustment inner side tool, installing a bearing seat cover on the short shaft side of a gear box shaft, sealing, carrying out pinion feeding and pinion clearance measurement operation, and controlling a long shaft side gear box positioning and clamping mechanism to enable a clamp body backboard of the gear box positioning and clamping mechanism to rotate 90 degrees clockwise through an electric control system so that the gear box workpiece is in a horizontal posture; specifically, after the clearance adjustment assembly of the large gear bearing of the gear box workpiece is qualified, the outer side tool for adjusting the pull rod clearance and the inner side tool for adjusting the pull rod clearance are removed, a bearing seat cover on the short shaft side of the gear box shaft is installed, and other parts such as a sealing ring, a water retaining ring and the like are installed; the pinion box is put into the box, a pinion is installed, and the bolt is pre-tightened; the electric control system sends out an instruction to control the horizontal turntable of the turnover machine to rotate 180 degrees to the side of the robot, and the robot tightens bolts on the long shaft side of the gear box workpiece and bolts on the upper and lower sides of the pinion and beats a torque value; the robot returns to the zero position; controlling the horizontal turntable of the tilter to reversely rotate 180 degrees to the manual side; the back plate of the clamp body is controlled to rotate 90 degrees left and anticlockwise, so that a gear box workpiece is in a horizontal posture;

The invention provides a working principle of an automatic positioning and clamping system and method for overhauling a gearbox at the long shaft side of a motor train unit: the double-station turnover machine is a part of the double-station turnover machine, and by designing the automatic lifting telescopic support arm and the electric opening and closing mechanism, the situation that the V-shaped steel support and the manual lifting pit cover plate are required to be manually installed in the prior art is avoided, and the degree of automation is high; the working efficiency is improved, and the labor intensity is reduced; by designing the vertical lifting sliding seat and designing sliding rails in the X direction and the Y direction on the sliding seat, seamless combination of the lower box body, the large gear shaft and bearing seats on the left side and the right side is ensured to be free of interference when a box closing station is performed, the box closing operation step is facilitated by actively removing the lower box body and combining the lower box body with the heavy gear shaft, lifting of large-size and heavy workpieces is avoided, and safety and convenience of box closing operation are improved; by designing the gear box profiling tool, accurate positioning of the gear box in the front-back direction and the left-right direction is ensured, and a guarantee is provided for meeting the recognition range of a robot operation vision camera and ensuring normal operation of the system; by designing a special locking handle, a workpiece slide seat can be locked and kept motionless before the robot is screwed up, so that the problem that the workpiece moves along the axial direction and the automatic operation precision of the robot is affected due to the axial force generated in the screwing up process of the robot is avoided, and important guarantee is provided for the screwing up precision and the screwing up quality of the automatic screwing up bolt of the system robot; the inner/outer side tool for adjusting the play of the pull rod is designed, so that the problem that the bearing play of the German-Frand CRH380B (L) motor train unit gearbox cannot be adjusted by the dead weight of the gearbox is solved, compared with an original operation mechanism, the stress of the gearbox body is more uniform, the cracking problem of an original matrix structure is effectively avoided, and the service life of parts is prolonged; by adopting an automatic instrument with data reading and collecting functions and combining with system operation software and a sensor, the automatic jump and clamping control of operation steps are realized, the steps of manual data recording and operation by manual experience and feel are omitted, and the digitization of the operation process is realized.

It will be readily appreciated by those skilled in the art that the foregoing description is merely a preferred embodiment of the invention and is not intended to limit the invention, but any modifications, equivalents, improvements or alternatives falling within the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a EMUs major axis side gear box overhauls automatic positioning clamping system which characterized in that: the automatic clamping device comprises a double-station turnover machine (1) for clamping and fixing a gear box workpiece (3), an electric control system (2) arranged on the double-station turnover machine (1), a long-shaft side gear box positioning and clamping mechanism (5) in communication connection with the electric control system (2), a pull rod play adjusting outer side tool (6), a pull rod play adjusting inner side tool (7), a cover plate opening and closing mechanism (8) and a center mechanism (4);

the long-shaft-side gear box positioning and clamping mechanism (5) comprises a clamp body back plate (51) arranged on the double-station turnover machine (1), a horizontal traversing mechanism (52) arranged on the clamp body back plate (51), a vertical lifting slide seat (53), a gear box supporting arm (54), a gear box vertical lifting tool (55) arranged on the gear box supporting arm (54), a long-shaft-side gear box lower box positioning and clamping tool (56) arranged on the vertical lifting slide seat (53) and a vertical lifting slide seat locking handle (57); the seamless combination of the lower box body of the gear box, the large gear shaft and the bearing seats on the left side and the right side is ensured by the vertical lifting sliding seat (53) during the box closing station; accurate positioning in the front-back direction and the left-right direction of the gear box is ensured through the positioning and clamping tool (56) of the lower box body of the gear box at the long shaft side; the outer side tool (6) for adjusting the pull rod play and the inner side tool (7) for adjusting the pull rod play are of arch structures, one ends of the arch structures are fixed with the gear box supporting arm (54), the other ends of the arch structures transversely span the gear box workpiece (3) and are fixed with the vertical lifting sliding seat (53), adjusting foot cups are arranged on the parts of the arch structures transversely span the surface of the gear box workpiece (3), and the positions of the outer side tool (6) for adjusting the pull rod play and the inner side tool (7) for adjusting the pull rod play and the upper surface of the gear box workpiece (3) are positioned by adjusting the height positions of adjusting screws on the foot cups; the cover plate opening and closing mechanism (8) is driven by the screw rod lifter and the motor to automatically open and close, and the real-time pressure value of the center mechanism (4) is displayed on an electronic screen of the electrical control system by the spoke type gravity sensor; and the electrical control system (2) controls the center mechanism (4) to act, so that automatic adjustment of the bearing clearance of the gearbox is realized.

2. The automatic positioning and clamping system for maintenance of a gearbox on the long shaft side of a motor train unit according to claim 1, wherein the automatic positioning and clamping system is characterized in that: the back of the clamp body back plate (51) is provided with a gear transmission mechanism (511), and the long shaft side gear box positioning and clamping mechanism (5) is driven by a motor to rotate by +/-90 degrees in the vertical direction; the front surface of the fixture body backboard (51) is provided with a horizontal fixed guide rail (512) and a horizontal adjusting screw (513), and the horizontal fixed guide rail and the horizontal adjusting screw are both used for being connected with the horizontal traversing mechanism (52);

the front surface of the clamp body backboard (51) is provided with a vertical fixing sliding block (514) and a first fixing nut (516) which are used for connecting the vertical lifting sliding seat (53), a first vertical fixing guide rail (515) used for installing the gear box supporting arm (54), a vertical moving sliding block (517) and a vertical sliding support (518); the vertically movable slider (517) is mounted on the first vertically fixed rail (515).

3. The automatic positioning and clamping system for maintenance of a gearbox on the long shaft side of a motor train unit according to claim 2, wherein the automatic positioning and clamping system is characterized in that: the horizontal traversing mechanism (52) comprises a rectangular hollow frame (521), and a second fixing nut (522) connected with the horizontal adjusting screw rod (513) on the clamp body backboard (51) is arranged on the back surface of the rectangular hollow frame (521); the tail end of the horizontal adjusting screw rod (513) is provided with a first hand wheel (5131) which can enable the horizontal traversing mechanism (52) to slide left and right along the horizontal direction on the back plate (51) of the clamp body; a horizontal fixed slide block (523) which is in meshed connection with the horizontal fixed guide rail (512) is arranged on the back surface of the rectangular hollow frame (521);

The front surface of the rectangular hollow frame (521) is provided with an openable short shaft side support arm (524) for positioning and clamping the outer circle of the axle on the short shaft side of the gear box workpiece; the front surface of the rectangular hollow frame (521) is provided with an openable long shaft side support arm (525) for positioning and clamping the outer circle of the axle on the long shaft side of the gear box workpiece;

the long shaft side support arm (525) and the second fixing nut (522) are arranged on the same side of two opposite surfaces of the rectangular hollow frame (521).

4. The automatic positioning and clamping system for maintenance of a gearbox on the long shaft side of a motor train unit according to claim 3, wherein the automatic positioning and clamping system is characterized in that: the vertical lifting sliding seat (53) is arranged between the short-axis side supporting arm (524) and the long-axis side supporting arm (525), and the vertical lifting sliding seat (53) comprises a vertical end (531) connected with the front surface of the clamp body backboard (51) and a horizontal end (532) perpendicular to the bottom end of the vertical end (531); the back of the vertical end (531) is provided with a second vertical fixed guide rail connected with the clamp body back plate (51), and the second vertical fixed guide rail can be connected with and meshed with the vertical fixed sliding block (514) on the clamp body back plate (51), so that the vertical lifting sliding seat (53) can complete guiding movement along the vertical direction; the back of the vertical end (531) is also provided with a first vertical screw rod (5311) which is connected with a first fixing nut (516) on the front of the back plate (51) of the clamp body, and the vertical lifting sliding seat (53) can be driven to move up and down along a vertical surface on the back plate (51) of the clamp body by rotating the first vertical screw rod (5311); the bottom of the horizontal end (532) is provided with a horizontal screw (5321) perpendicular to the first vertical screw (5311), the tail end of the horizontal screw (5321) is provided with a second hand wheel (5322), and the horizontal screw (5321) is driven to rotate through the second hand wheel (5322) so that the whole mechanism moves up and down along the vertical direction of the clamp body backboard (51); a reinforcing rib plate (533) is arranged at the position, close to the lower side, of the front surface of the vertical end (531); a horizontal sliding rail (534) is arranged on the horizontal end (532) of the vertical lifting sliding seat (53), a gear box fixing sliding seat (535) is arranged on the horizontal sliding rail (534), and a gear box lower body positioning and clamping tool (56) on the long shaft side is arranged on the gear box fixing sliding seat (535);

The vertical lifting slide seat locking handle (57) is an adjustable positioning locking handle and is arranged below the horizontal end (532) of the vertical lifting slide seat (53) and close to the position of the second hand wheel (5322) and used for clamping and positioning the gear box fixing slide seat (535).

5. The automatic positioning and clamping system for maintenance of a gearbox on the long shaft side of a motor train unit according to claim 4 is characterized in that: the gear box supporting arm (54) is arranged between the vertical lifting sliding seat (53) and the short shaft side supporting arm (524), the gear box supporting arm (54) is connected with the upper end of the clamp body backboard (51) through a fixed plate and a pin shaft, is connected with a vertical sliding support (518) on the clamp body backboard (51) through a bottom mounting seat, and is driven by a motor, a shaft coupling and a second vertical screw rod to finish the up-down driving of the movable supporting arm so as to finish the opening and closing actions of the supporting arm; when the clamp body rotates to a vertical posture, the stressed support arm and the movable support arm form a right triangle, so that the equipment installation requirements of the gear box during bearing and large gear play adjustment are met;

the gear box supporting arm (54) is positioned on the right side of the vertical lifting sliding seat (53), and when a gear box workpiece on the long shaft side works, the gear box supporting arm (54) and the vertical lifting sliding seat (53) are used together, and in order to avoid the chassis of the turnover machine, a cover plate opening and closing mechanism of a horizontal turntable at the bottom of the turnover machine is needed, and the cover plate opening and closing mechanism needs to be controlled in a rotation linkage manner with a back plate of the clamp body;

The whole vertical lifting tool (55) of the gear box is of a two-half structure, when the vertical lifting tool is used, the lower half is firstly installed and slides into a semicircle of a gear box supporting arm, then the upper half is installed, finally the movable cover plate is covered, and the movable cover plate is locked by a bolt locking mechanism.

6. The automatic positioning and clamping system for maintenance of a gearbox on the long shaft side of a motor train unit according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the automatic positioning and clamping system is characterized in that: the long shaft side gearbox lower box body positioning and clamping tool (56) comprises a bottom supporting plate (561) arranged on a gearbox fixing sliding seat (535), a gearbox supporting frame (562) arranged on the bottom supporting plate (561), a gearbox profiling pad (563) arranged on the gearbox supporting frame (562), a side clamping mechanism (564) and a workpiece in-situ sensor (565).

7. The automatic positioning and clamping system for maintenance of a gearbox on the long shaft side of a motor train unit according to any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein: the pull rod play adjusting outer side tool (6) comprises a first straight rod (61), a first transition rod (62), an arc avoidance rod (63) and a second straight rod (64) which are connected end to end in sequence; the free end of the first straight rod (61) is fixed with the surface, close to one side of the short shaft side support arm (524), of the gear box support arm (54), and the free end of the second straight rod (64) is fixed with one side, far away from the short shaft side support arm (524), of the vertical lifting sliding seat (53); the adjusting foot cups are respectively arranged at two sides of the arc avoiding rod (63);

The pull rod play adjustment inner side tool (7) comprises a third straight rod (71), a second transition rod (72) and a fourth straight rod (73) which are connected end to end in sequence; the third straight rod (71) is fixed with the surface of the gear box supporting arm (54) close to one side of the short shaft side supporting arm (524), and the free end of the fourth straight rod (73) is fixed with one side of the vertical lifting sliding seat (53) far away from the short shaft side supporting arm (524).

8. The automatic positioning and clamping system for maintenance of a gearbox on the long shaft side of a motor train unit according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the cover plate opening and closing mechanism (8) is arranged on a cover plate of a turntable at the bottom of the double-station turnover machine (1), and the cover plate is connected with a back plate behind the groove component through a connecting rod mechanism; the center mechanism (4) is integrally arranged in a groove component hung under the turntable of the double-station turnover machine (1).

9. A motor train unit long shaft side gear box overhauling, positioning and clamping method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: application of the automatic positioning and clamping system for overhauling a gearbox on the long shaft side of a motor train unit according to any one of claims 1-8, comprising the following steps:

s3: turning the working surface to the robot side, returning the robot to zero for self-checking, and turning the end face of the short shaft side of the gear box back to a zero position after applying a torque value; turning the working surface to the manual side, and enabling the gear box supporting arm at the long shaft side to rise from the lowest end to the highest end;

s4: installing a gear box vertical lifting tool on the long shaft side of a gear box workpiece, fixing the gear box vertical lifting tool, loosening a locking handle of a vertical lifting seat, starting a motor of a horizontal traversing mechanism, eliminating a clearance value between a gear box body on the long shaft side of the gear box workpiece and the gear box vertical lifting tool, opening a cover plate opening and closing mechanism, and controlling a gear box positioning and clamping mechanism on the long shaft side to enable a back plate of a clamp body to rotate 90 degrees clockwise, so that the gear box workpiece is in a vertical posture;

10. The method for overhauling, positioning and clamping a gearbox on the long shaft side of a motor train unit according to claim 9 is characterized by comprising the following steps of: step S5 further comprises the steps of:

s54: the operator reinstallates the dial indicator, again measures the clearance value of the gear box shaft bearing and the box body bearing seat, determines that the value is in a qualified range, and then uploads the value to the server, if the detection result is unqualified, the calculation and the previous measurement are possibly wrong, and the previous steps are continued until the data are qualified;

S55: and rotating the axle, detecting the rotation flexibility and resistance value of the bearing by an operator by using a resistance detector, ensuring that the value is in a qualified range, and uploading the value to a server for automatic qualification judgment of the system.