CN112713794A - 一种全桥逆变软开关电路的驱动控制方法 - Google Patents

一种全桥逆变软开关电路的驱动控制方法 Download PDF

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CN112713794A
CN112713794A CN202011571593.9A CN202011571593A CN112713794A CN 112713794 A CN112713794 A CN 112713794A CN 202011571593 A CN202011571593 A CN 202011571593A CN 112713794 A CN112713794 A CN 112713794A
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陈树君
刘明宇
余旭
程博
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Beijing University of Technology
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • H02M7/53871—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
    • H02M7/53873—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current with digital control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • H02M1/088—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters for the simultaneous control of series or parallel connected semiconductor devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/38—Means for preventing simultaneous conduction of switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/10—Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)

Abstract

本发明顾公开了一种基于STM32的逆变软开关电路的驱动控制方法，由于主控芯片STM32F407没有关于全桥逆变驱动的专用PWM模块，本发明提供了一种双定时器控制下有限双极性ZVZCS软开关电路驱动方法，可作为以STM32系列控制器输出控制该类型PWM驱动全桥逆变电路的标准化程序。TIM1通道1输出频率为20kHz的滞后臂开关管的互补两路波形，通道2的正向通路输出超前臂1的驱动波形，通道3正向通路输出超前臂2的驱动波形。TIM10作为超前臂开通时长计时器，判定何时强制或恢复超前臂驱动波形。通过两个中断循环交替，实现了精准的有限双极性ZVZCS PWM波形输出。

Description

一种全桥逆变软开关电路的驱动控制方法
技术领域
本发明涉及焊接软开关电源的驱动全桥逆变开关管的控制方法，属于焊接电源技术领域。
背景技术
弧焊逆变电源控制系统具有时变性、非线性等特点，采用传统模拟电路控制将难以实现灵活精确的控制效果。与模拟电路相比，逆变电源的数字化控制可实现复杂算法控制、系统可集成、易于功能升级，因此被广泛使用。
在焊接电源领域，广泛使用MCU作为数字化控制器，随着工业化的高速发展，出现了一批性能优异的微控制器，如意法半导体(ST)公司近些年推出的ARM Cortex-M4内核的MCU。
焊接电源一般分为硬开关电源和软开关电源，硬开关电源开关过程中电压和电流均不为零，出现了重叠。电压、电流变化很快，波形出现明显得过冲，导致开关噪声。软开关电源在电路中增加了小电感、电容等谐振元件，在开关过程前后引入谐振，消除电压、电流的重叠，降低开关损耗和开关噪声。软开关电源在驱动全桥逆变开关管时最通用的控制方法为PWM方波，一般有两种形式：其一为全桥移相ZVZCS PWM，另一种形式为有限双极性ZVZCS PWM。本发明基于主电路谐振条件选用后者。
由于主控芯片STM32F407没有关于有限双极性ZVZCS软开关全桥逆变驱动的专用PWM模块，如果简单通过两定时器分别输出超前臂和滞后臂开关管上各自相位差180°的两路PWM，共组合为四路驱动方波，这种方法在多个周期后无法保证超前臂与滞后臂开关管上升沿一致性，需定期误差补偿。这种不严谨的程序设计将造成死区时间波动，驱动波形输出具有不确定性，导致控制系统的可靠性下降。因此提出一种精准稳定的全桥逆变软开关电路驱动方法十分必要。
发明内容
本发明要解决的问题是针对以上问题，提出一种基于STM32的双定时器控制下有限双极性ZVZCS软开关电路驱动方法，可以实现精准的有限双极性ZVZCS PWM波形输出，并可作为以STM32系列控制器输出控制该类型PWM驱动全桥逆变电路的标准化程序。
本发明采用的全桥逆变电路如图1所示，超前臂为P1、P2，滞后臂为P3、P4。P1与P4构成一个回路，P2与P3构成一个回路。全桥逆变PWM方波时序图如图2所示，全桥电路中超前、滞后臂两管PWM要求为：逆变周期相同，超前臂为定频、脉宽可调，两滞后臂定频、定脉宽，相位差180°，同一工作回路上的超前臂和滞后臂开关管同时开通。
针对STM32F407控制器特点，调制出标准的有限双极性ZVZCS PWM全桥逆变驱动波形，其波形控制分辨率高达6ns，严格保证互补死区以及上升沿一致性。
双定时器控制包括高级定时器1和通用定时器10，采用高级定时器TIM1调制四路PWM波形。选两个独立通道输出四路驱动波形，当其中一个独立通道输出超前臂的驱动波形改变脉宽后，则其上升沿与另一独立通道输出滞后臂的驱动波形上升沿不具一致性，即不能同时开通。所以，调用STM32F407控制芯片中提供库函数以强制某个独立通道电平转换，这种强制使用时将影响同一通道两路互补波形，因此需三个独立通道输出四路PWM，需要一个定时器计时提醒何时强制电平转换。
控制思路为：步骤1：TIM1通道1输出频率为20kHz的滞后臂开关管的互补两路波形，步骤2：通道2的正向通路输出超前臂1的驱动波形，步骤3：通道3正向通路输出超前臂2的驱动波形。TIM10作为超前臂开通时长计时器，判定何时强制或恢复超前臂驱动波形。
与现有技术相比较，本发明提供的一种双定时器控制下有限双极性ZVZCS软开关电路驱动方法，可作为以STM32系列控制器输出控制该类型PWM驱动全桥逆变电路的标准化程序。TIM1通道1输出频率为20kHz的滞后臂开关管的互补两路波形，通道2的正向通路输出超前臂1的驱动波形，通道3正向通路输出超前臂2的驱动波形。TIM10作为超前臂开通时长计时器，判定何时强制或恢复超前臂驱动波形。通过两个中断循环交替，实现了精准的有限双极性ZVZCS PWM波形输出。
附图说明
图1是全桥逆变电路示意图。
图2是全桥逆变时序图。
图3是全桥逆变方波调制程序流程图。
具体实施方式
如图3所示，双定时器控制下有限双极性ZVZCS软开关电路驱动方法步骤为：
步骤1：初始化TIM1，采用三角波双边沿调制方式，计数频率168MHz，中心计数模式3，获得20kHZ PWM波形。
步骤2：设定死区时间为5us。
步骤3：通道1为PWM1模式、通道2为PMW1模式以及通道3为PWM2模式。这种方式保证超前臂与滞后臂驱动波形上升沿的一致性。如图2所示，通道1的正向通路输出P4波形与通道2的正向通路输出P1波形的上升沿同时动作，通道1反向通路输出P3波形与通道3正向通路输出P2波形的上升沿同时动作。
步骤4：初始化TIM10，TIM10在TIM1中断服务函数内开启，其定时时间为超前臂脉宽。
步骤5：开始焊接。
步骤6：进入TIM1比较中断。
步骤7：判断当前计数方式为增还是减计数方式。如果为增，则取消通道2强制并开启TIM10；如果为减，则取消通道3强制并开启TIM10。
步骤8：TIM10更新中断。
步骤9：判断当前开启、通道序号。如果为通道2，则强制通道2关闭并关闭TIM10；如果为通道3，则强制通道3关闭并关闭TIM10。
步骤10：判断是否接收到停弧信号，如果收到停弧信号，则焊接结束。如果无停弧信号，则继续进入TIM1比较中断，循环以上步骤6到步骤9，直到接收到停弧信号，焊接结束。
通过两个中断循环交替，即可产生图2要求的全桥逆变驱动波形。此方案实现了精准的有限双极性ZVZCS PWM波形输出，通过TIM1的三个通道输出四路PWM，并且两超前臂的驱动波形有5us的潜在死区时间保护，这样避免了超前臂上两开关管直通情况。本发明可作为以STM32系列控制器输出控制该类型PWM驱动全桥逆变电路的标准化程序。

Claims (2)

1.一种全桥逆变软开关电路的驱动控制方法，实现该方法的全桥逆变电路包括超前臂为P1、P2，滞后臂为P3、P4；P1与P4构成一个回路，P2与P3构成一个回路；全桥电路中超前、滞后臂两管PWM要求为：逆变周期相同，超前臂为定频、脉宽可调，两滞后臂定频、定脉宽，相位差180°，同一工作回路上的超前臂和滞后臂开关管同时开通；
其特征在于：该方法包括如下步骤：
步骤1：初始化TIM1，采用三角波双边沿调制方式，计数频率168MHz，中心计数模式3，获得20kHZ PWM波形；
步骤2：设定死区时间；
步骤3：通道1为PWM1模式、通道2为PMW1模式以及通道3为PWM2模式；保证超前臂与滞后臂驱动波形上升沿的一致性，通道1的正向通路输出P4波形与通道2的正向通路输出P1波形的上升沿同时动作，通道1反向通路输出P3波形与通道3正向通路输出P2波形的上升沿同时动作；
步骤4：初始化TIM10，TIM10在TIM1中断服务函数内开启，其定时时间为超前臂脉宽；
步骤5：开始焊接；
步骤6：进入TIM1比较中断；
步骤7：判断当前计数方式为增还是减计数方式；如果为增，则取消通道2强制并开启TIM10；如果为减，则取消通道3强制并开启TIM10；
步骤8：TIM10更新中断；
步骤9：判断当前开启、通道序号；如果为通道2，则强制通道2关闭并关闭TIM10；如果为通道3，则强制通道3关闭并关闭TIM10；
步骤10：判断是否接收到停弧信号，如果收到停弧信号，则焊接结束；如果无停弧信号，则继续进入TIM1比较中断，循环以上步骤6到步骤9，直到接收到停弧信号，焊接结束。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种全桥逆变软开关电路的驱动控制方法，其特征在于：双定时器控制包括高级定时器和通用定时器，采用高级定时器TIM1调制四路PWM波形；选两个独立通道输出四路驱动波形，当其中一个独立通道输出超前臂的驱动波形改变脉宽后，则其上升沿与另一独立通道输出滞后臂的驱动波形上升沿不具一致性，即不能同时开通。
CN202011571593.9A 2020-12-27 2020-12-27 一种全桥逆变软开关电路的驱动控制方法 Pending CN112713794A (zh)

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CN103259443A (zh) * 2013-05-23 2013-08-21 吕莹 一种有限双极性控制的全桥逆变器
CN104410315A (zh) * 2014-11-27 2015-03-11 唐山松下产业机器有限公司 全桥软开关逆变电路的驱动方法

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CN201287234Y (zh) * 2008-10-28 2009-08-12 上海沪工电焊机制造有限公司 电焊机的数控软开关逆变焊接电源
CN103259443A (zh) * 2013-05-23 2013-08-21 吕莹 一种有限双极性控制的全桥逆变器
CN104410315A (zh) * 2014-11-27 2015-03-11 唐山松下产业机器有限公司 全桥软开关逆变电路的驱动方法

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