CN112713291A - Fuel cell system and control method thereof - Google Patents
Fuel cell system and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112713291A CN112713291A CN202011615894.7A CN202011615894A CN112713291A CN 112713291 A CN112713291 A CN 112713291A CN 202011615894 A CN202011615894 A CN 202011615894A CN 112713291 A CN112713291 A CN 112713291A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04544—Voltage
- H01M8/04559—Voltage of fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04574—Current
- H01M8/04589—Current of fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
- H01M2250/10—Fuel cells in stationary systems, e.g. emergency power source in plant
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a fuel cell system and a control method thereof, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring an electric signal of each electric pile unit in the fuel cell pile, and judging whether the maximum value and the minimum value in the electric signals are positioned in a first preset danger range or not; if the electric signals are positioned in the electric power balance control device, the gas supply amount of the electric power balance control device is adjusted to balance the discharge of the electric power balance control device. The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention can effectively identify the discharge inconsistency degree of the electric pile units in the fuel cell pile, correspondingly adjust the discharge inconsistency degree and ensure that the electric signal of each electric pile unit is in a safe working range, thereby improving the stability of the output power of the fuel cell pile and prolonging the service life of a fuel cell system.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a fuel cell system and a control method thereof.
Background
The proton exchange membrane fuel cell is a clean and high-efficiency green and environment-friendly power supply, can be used for building a dispersed fuel cell power station, is particularly suitable for being used as a movable power source, is a novel movable power source which is universal for military and civilian, and has the advantages of high power density, compact structure, high reliability and the like.
The proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack is formed by stacking and combining a plurality of stack units in a series-parallel connection mode, the performance of each stack unit directly influences the performance and the service life of the whole stack, if the instability of each stack unit is overlarge, on one hand, the stability of the output power of the stack is influenced, on the other hand, the service life of the stack is also attenuated, and the stack is scrapped.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a fuel cell system and a control method thereof, which are used for improving the stability of output power of a fuel cell stack and prolonging the service life of the fuel cell system.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a control method for a fuel cell system, including:
acquiring an electric signal of each electric stack unit in the fuel cell stack;
judging whether the maximum value and the minimum value in the electric signal are within a first preset danger range or not; if it is located, then
And respectively adjusting the gas supply amount of the galvanic pile units corresponding to the maximum value and the minimum value of the electric signals so as to balance the discharge of the galvanic pile units.
Optionally, if the stack units in the fuel cell stack are connected in parallel, the acquiring the electrical signal of each stack unit in the fuel cell stack includes:
acquiring a current signal of each electric pile unit in the fuel cell pile;
optionally, if the stack units in the fuel cell stack are connected in series, the acquiring the electrical signal of each stack unit in the fuel cell stack includes:
a voltage signal is acquired for each stack element in the fuel cell stack.
Optionally, the determining whether the maximum value and the minimum value in the electrical signal are within a first preset risk range includes:
judging whether the currently obtained electric signal is located in a first preset danger range;
or predicting the change trend of the electric signal according to the currently obtained electric signal, and judging whether the prediction result is in a first preset danger range.
Optionally, the method further includes, after determining whether the maximum value and the minimum value in the electrical signal are located in the first preset risk range, the method further includes:
judging whether the gas supply quantity of the electric pile unit corresponding to the maximum value and the minimum value of the electric signal has an adjusting room or not;
if not, alarm prompt is carried out.
Optionally, if the maximum value and the minimum value in the electrical signal are smaller than the first preset risk range, the method further includes:
calculating the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value in the electric signal;
judging whether the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value in the electric signal is within a second preset danger range or not; if not, controlling the fuel cell stack to work normally and entering the next cycle detection.
Optionally, if the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value in the electrical signal is within a second preset risk range, the method further includes:
judging whether the gas supply quantity of the electric pile unit corresponding to the maximum value and the minimum value of the electric signal has an adjusting room or not;
if so, adjusting the air supply quantity of the electric pile unit corresponding to the maximum value and the minimum value of the electric signal so as to balance the discharge of the electric pile unit;
if not, alarm prompt is carried out.
Optionally, the method further comprises:
acquiring total electric signals of all electric stack units in the fuel cell stack;
judging whether the total electric signal or a prediction result obtained according to the variation trend of the total electric signal is in a third preset danger range;
if so, passive regulation is performed to regulate the load outside the system.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a fuel cell system, including a terminal, further including:
the system comprises an air supply unit, a fuel gas supply unit, a galvanic pile unit and an inspection module; the air supply unit is respectively connected with each electric pile unit through a pipeline; each electric pile unit is respectively connected with a fuel gas supply unit through a branch pipeline, and a valve is arranged on each pipeline between the electric pile unit and the fuel gas supply unit;
the inspection module is connected with the terminal, the inspection module is further connected with each electric pile unit, the inspection module is used for collecting electric signals of each electric pile unit, and the terminal is used for controlling the conduction state of the valve according to the electric signals or adjusting the size of a load electrically connected with the fuel cell system according to the total electric signals of all the electric pile units.
Optionally, the at least three galvanic pile units are connected in parallel, and an ammeter is connected in series on a branch where each galvanic pile unit is located; a voltage meter is connected to a trunk circuit in which the at least three electric pile units are connected in parallel;
the at least three electric pile units are connected in series, and two ends of each electric pile unit are connected with a voltmeter in parallel; the at least three electric pile units are connected with an ammeter in series;
the ammeter with the voltmeter with patrol and examine the module electricity and be connected, patrol and examine the module and be used for through gathering the ammeter with the data of voltmeter send to the terminal the signal of telecommunication.
Optionally, each of the electric pile units is connected with the fuel gas supply unit through three pipelines respectively; the three pipe section radiuses satisfy the following relations:
R1 4:R2 4:R3 4＝1:2:4。
the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the steps of obtaining an electric signal of each electric pile unit in the fuel cell pile, and judging whether the maximum value and the minimum value in the electric signals are positioned in a first preset danger range; and if the maximum value and the minimum value in the electric signals are located, adjusting the switch combination of the fuel gas inlet pipeline valve of the electric pile unit corresponding to the maximum value and the minimum value in the electric signals. The method can effectively identify the discharge inconsistency degree of the electric pile units in the fuel cell pile, correspondingly adjust the electric pile units, and ensure that the electric signals of each electric pile unit are in a safe working range, thereby improving the stability of the output electric power of the fuel cell pile and prolonging the service life of a fuel cell system.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a control method of a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of another fuel cell system provided by an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 4 is a flowchart of a control method of another fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of another fuel cell system provided by an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 6 is a flowchart of another control method for a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not limiting of the invention. It should be further noted that, for the convenience of description, only some of the structures related to the present invention are shown in the drawings, not all of the structures.
The embodiment of the invention provides a control method of a fuel cell system, and fig. 1 is a flow chart of the control method of the fuel cell system provided by the embodiment of the invention; referring to fig. 1, the method includes:
and S110, acquiring an electric signal of each electric pile unit in the fuel cell pile.
Specifically, the fuel cell stack includes a plurality of stack units, each of which is a fuel cell, and may be a proton exchange membrane fuel cell, for example. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell is a clean and high-efficiency green and environment-friendly power supply, can be used for building a dispersed fuel cell power station, is particularly suitable for being used as a movable power source, is a novel movable power source which is universal for military and civilian, and has the advantages of high power density, compact structure, high reliability and the like. Each electric pile unit can be provided with combustion-supporting gas by an air supply unit, and the fuel gas supply unit is provided with combustible gas. Adjusting the discharge amount of the stack unit can be achieved by adjusting the flow rate of air and the flow rate of gas supplied to the stack unit.
For example, the air supply unit may be an air pump, and the gas supply unit may be a gas tank. The air supply unit is respectively connected with each electric pile unit through one or more pipelines; the fuel gas supply unit is also respectively connected with each electric pile unit through one or more pipelines, and each pipeline is provided with a valve. The valve can be a solenoid valve capable of adjusting ventilation volume, and can also be a solenoid valve only comprising two states of opening and closing. When the electromagnetic valve is an electromagnetic valve capable of adjusting the ventilation volume, the air inflow and the gas inflow can be realized by controlling the opening of the electromagnetic valve. When the electromagnetic valve only comprises an electromagnetic valve with two states of opening and closing, the switch combination of the air inlet pipeline valve of the pile unit can be controlled to realize the adjustment of the air or fuel gas inlet quantity. Preferably, the valve is an electromagnetic valve only with two states of opening and closing, so that the operation cost of the fuel cell system can be reduced. The electric signal can be a current value flowing through the electric pile unit or a voltage value at two ends of the electric pile unit. It should be noted that, if the electromagnetic valves only include two states of opening and closing, each stack unit needs to be provided with a plurality of pipelines connected with the air supply unit and/or the gas supply unit.
And S120, judging whether the maximum value and the minimum value in the electric signal are in a first preset danger range.
Specifically, the maximum value and the minimum value of the obtained electric signals are determined, and whether the maximum value and the minimum value of the electric signals are within a first preset danger range or not is judged. The first preset danger range refers to a range beyond the electric signal of each stack unit in the stack under normal operation. And if the maximum value of the electric signal is larger than the maximum value of the normal working range and/or the minimum value of the electric signal is smaller than the minimum value of the normal working range, determining the electric pile unit corresponding to the maximum value and/or the minimum value of the electric signal, wherein the electric pile unit corresponding to the maximum value and/or the minimum value of the electric signal is the fuel cell of which the discharge amount is to be adjusted. And if the maximum value of the electric signal is smaller than the minimum value of the normal working range, determining all the electric pile units in the battery pile, wherein all the electric pile units in the battery pile are the fuel cells of which the discharge amount is to be adjusted. And if the minimum value of the electric signal is larger than the maximum value of the normal working range, determining all the electric pile units in the battery pile, wherein all the electric pile units in the battery pile are the fuel cells with the discharge amount to be adjusted.
And S130, if the current is positioned, adjusting the gas supply amount of the electric pile unit corresponding to the maximum value and the minimum value of the electric signal respectively so as to balance the discharge of the electric pile unit.
Specifically, the efficiency of adjusting the discharge amount of the stack unit by adjusting the gas supply amount can be handled similarly to the fuel supply amount adjustment. Therefore, after determining the fuel cell to be adjusted in discharge amount, the embodiment of the invention adjusts the discharge amount of the stack unit by adjusting the gas supply amount. For example, the air supply unit is respectively connected with each electric pile unit through a pipeline, each electric pile unit is respectively connected with the fuel gas storage tank through at least three pipelines, and each pipeline between the electric pile units and the fuel gas storage tanks is provided with an electromagnetic valve only comprising two states of opening and closing. And respectively adjusting the switch combination of the fuel gas inlet pipeline valve of the fuel cell with the discharge amount to be adjusted so as to balance the discharge of the galvanic pile unit.
According to the Poiseul's law for compressible fluids, the flow of the fluid is proportional to the fourth power of the radius of the pipe section. Therefore, the flow of fuel gas entering the galvanic pile unit can be adjusted according to the section radius of the pipeline, the length of the pipeline and the opening degree of the electromagnetic valve, so that the discharge capacity of the galvanic pile unit can be adjusted. Preferably, in the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention, the lengths of the selected pipelines are equal, and the electromagnetic valve which is low in price and only comprises an open state and a closed state is adopted, so that the operating cost of the fuel cell system is reduced, meanwhile, the factors influencing the gas flow can be reduced, and the complexity of the gas flow control is reduced. Each electric pile unit corresponds to at least three air inlet pipeline valves, and the total flow entering the fuel cell is controlled by adjusting the opening and closing of the at least three air inlet pipeline valves, so that the discharge capacity of the electric pile unit is adjusted, the discharge capacity of each electric pile unit in the electric pile is balanced, the stability of the output power of the electric pile is improved, and the service life of the electric pile is prolonged.
The embodiment of the invention provides a fuel cell system and a control method thereof, wherein the method comprises the following steps: acquiring an electric signal of each electric stack unit in the fuel cell stack; judging whether the maximum value and the minimum value in the electric signal are within a first preset danger range or not; if the electric signals are positioned in the electric power balance control device, the gas supply amount of the electric power balance control device is adjusted to balance the discharge of the electric power balance control device. The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the steps of obtaining an electric signal of each electric pile unit in the fuel cell pile, and judging whether the maximum value and the minimum value in the electric signals are positioned in a first preset danger range; and if the maximum value and the minimum value in the electric signals are located, adjusting the switch combination of the fuel gas inlet pipeline valve of the electric pile unit corresponding to the maximum value and the minimum value in the electric signals. The discharging inconsistency degree of the electric pile units in the battery pile can be effectively identified, corresponding adjustment is carried out on the discharging inconsistency degree, the electric signals of all the electric pile units are guaranteed to be within a safe working range, the stability of the output electric power of the battery pile is improved, and the service life of a battery system is prolonged.
Optionally, if the stack units in the fuel cell stack are connected in parallel, acquiring the electrical signal of each stack unit in the fuel cell stack includes:
a current signal is obtained for each stack element in the fuel cell stack.
Specifically, fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention, and referring to fig. 2, the fuel cell system may include a terminal, an air supply unit 1, a gas supply unit 2, at least three stack units 3, and an inspection module 6; the air supply unit 1 is respectively connected with each electric pile unit 3 through a pipeline; each galvanic pile unit 3 is connected with the fuel gas supply unit 2 by at least three pipes, and a valve 8 is arranged on each pipe between the galvanic pile unit 3 and the fuel gas supply unit 2. At least three of the stack units 3 may be connected in parallel to supply a load 7. The galvanic pile unit 3 is connected with an ammeter 4 in series on a branch where each galvanic pile unit 3 is located, and the inspection module 6 and each ammeter 4 are used for acquiring an electric signal of the corresponding galvanic pile unit 3, namely the electric signal is a current signal. Patrol and examine module 6 and terminal connection, the terminal can receive the current signal of each galvanic pile unit 3 that patrol and examine module 6 and gather to judge whether maximum value and minimum in the current signal are located first dangerous scope of setting for. If the electric pile is positioned, the terminal can output control signals to control the opening and closing of the valves 8 arranged on at least three pipelines corresponding to the electric pile unit 3. Therefore, the current signal of each electric pile unit 3 connected in parallel in the battery pile is ensured to be in a safe working range, the stability of the output power of the battery pile is improved, and the service life of the battery pile is prolonged.
Optionally, if the stack units in the fuel cell stack are connected in series, acquiring the electrical signal of each stack unit in the fuel cell stack includes:
a voltage signal is acquired for each stack element in the fuel cell stack.
Specifically, fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention, and referring to fig. 3, the fuel cell system may also include a terminal, an air supply unit 1, a gas supply unit 2, at least three stack units 3, and an inspection module 6; the air supply unit 1 is respectively connected with each electric pile unit 3 through a pipeline; each galvanic pile unit 3 is connected with the fuel gas supply unit 2 by at least three pipes, and a valve 8 is arranged on each pipe between the galvanic pile unit 3 and the fuel gas supply unit 2. The difference from the above is that at least three of the stack units 3 are connected in series to supply the load 7. Then, a voltmeter 5 is connected in parallel to two ends of each electric pile unit 3 at this time, and the inspection module 6 is electrically connected with each voltmeter 5 to obtain the electric signal of the corresponding electric pile unit 3, that is, the electric signal is a voltage signal at this time. Patrol and examine module 6 and terminal connection, the terminal can receive and patrol and examine the voltage signal that module 6 gathered each galvanic pile unit 3 both ends to judge whether maximum value and minimum in the voltage signal are located first settlement danger within range. If the electric pile is positioned, the terminal can output control signals to control the opening and closing of the valves 8 arranged on at least three pipelines corresponding to the electric pile unit 3. Therefore, the voltage signal of each electric pile unit 3 connected in parallel in the battery pile is ensured to be in a safe working range, the stability of the output power of the battery pile is improved, and the service life of the fuel battery pile is prolonged.
It should be noted that a plurality of stack units in the fuel cell system may be combined in series and parallel. For example, the fuel cell system includes six stack units, wherein three stack units are connected in series to form a group, and the other three stack units are connected in series to form a group; the two groups of electric pile units are connected in parallel. Each group of galvanic pile units is connected with an ammeter in series, and two ends of each galvanic pile unit are connected with a voltmeter in parallel. When the discharge control is carried out, the current signals collected by the two ammeters can be obtained firstly, whether the two current signals are located in the normal range or not is judged, and the group of electric pile units exceeding the normal range of the current signals are the combination of the discharge amount to be adjusted. And acquiring voltage signals of the voltmeters in the group, and determining the electric pile unit of the discharge amount to be adjusted according to the acquired voltage signals. Therefore, the voltage signal of each electric pile unit under the mixed connection of the parallel connection and the serial connection in the fuel cell pile is ensured to be in a safe working range, the stability of the output power of the fuel cell pile is improved, and the service life of the fuel cell pile is prolonged.
Fig. 4 is a flowchart of a control method of a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention; referring to fig. 4, the method includes:
and S210, acquiring an electric signal of each electric pile unit in the fuel cell pile.
S220, judging whether the maximum value and the minimum value in the electric signals obtained at present are in a first preset danger range or not; or predicting the variation trend of the current electric signal according to the maximum value and the minimum value of the current electric signal, and judging whether the prediction result is in a first preset danger range; if not, go to step S230; if yes, go to step S240.
Specifically, whether the maximum value and the minimum value in the electrical signal are within a first preset danger range is judged, and whether the currently obtained electrical signal is within the first preset danger range can be judged; or predicting the change trend of the electric signal according to the currently obtained electric signal, and judging whether the prediction result is in a first preset danger range. When the electric pile units in the fuel cell pile are connected in parallel, the current signal of the branch where each electric pile unit is located is obtained, and whether the maximum value and the minimum value in the current obtained current signals are located in a first preset danger range or not is judged. Or predicting respective variation trends according to the maximum value and the minimum value in the current signal obtained currently. And judging whether the prediction result is in a first preset danger range or not according to the maximum value and the minimum value in the current signal. If not, go to step S230; if yes, go to step S240. The maximum value and the minimum value in the current obtained current signal are judged to predict respective change trends, and the respective change trends can be predicted according to a plurality of historical current signal data of the electric pile unit corresponding to the maximum value and the minimum value in the current signal and by combining the current signal data to obtain a prediction result.
Similarly, when the electric pile units in the fuel cell pile are connected in series, voltage signals at two ends of each electric pile unit are obtained, and whether the maximum value and the minimum value in the currently obtained voltage signals are located in a first preset danger range or not is judged. Or predicting respective variation trends according to the maximum value and the minimum value in the currently obtained voltage signal, and judging whether respective prediction results are located in a first preset danger range. If not, go to step S230; if yes, go to step S240. The predicted variation trends of the maximum value and the minimum value in the currently obtained voltage signals are judged, and the respective variation trends can be predicted by combining the current voltage signal data according to a plurality of historical voltage signal data of the electric pile units corresponding to the maximum value and the minimum value in the voltage signals to obtain a prediction result.
S230, calculating the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value in the electric signals; judging whether the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value in the electric signal is within a second preset danger range or not; if not, go to step 24; if so, go to step 250.
And S240, controlling the normal operation of the cell stack, and returning to execute the step 210.
Specifically, if the maximum value and the minimum value in the electrical signal are smaller than the first preset danger range, the method further includes: calculating the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value in the electric signal; judging whether the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value in the electric signal is within a second preset danger range or not; if not, the operation is normal, and the process returns to step 210, i.e. the fuel cell stack is controlled to operate normally and the next cycle detection is entered. If the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value in the electrical signal is within the second predetermined danger range, step 250 is performed.
S250, judging whether the gas supply quantity of the electric pile unit corresponding to the maximum value and the minimum value of the electric signal has an adjusting room; if yes, go to step 260; if not, go to step S270.
Specifically, if the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value in the electrical signal is within the second preset risk range, the method further includes: judging whether the gas supply quantity of the electric pile unit corresponding to the maximum value and the minimum value of the electric signal has an adjusting room or not; if so, adjusting the gas supply quantity of the galvanic pile unit corresponding to the maximum value and the minimum value of the electric signal so as to balance the discharge of the galvanic pile unit; if not, alarm prompt is carried out. Illustratively, the air supply unit is respectively connected with each electric pile unit through a pipeline; each electric pile unit is respectively connected with the fuel gas supply unit through three pipelines, and a valve is arranged on each pipeline between the electric pile unit and the fuel gas supply unit. The fuel gas supply unit leads fuel gas into a fuel gas inlet main pipeline, branches the fuel gas into each branch pipeline, and finally leads the fuel gas into each electric pile unit to carry out fuel cell reaction with oxygen in the air. According to the poisson law under compressible fluids:
wherein Pi is the inlet pressure, Po is the outlet pressure, L is the tube length, η is the dynamic viscosity, R is the pipe radius, Φ is the fluid flow at the outlet, v is the fluid velocity at the outlet. When the mach number of the fluid is less than 0.3, the actual flow rate can be approximated by the above equation. In order to better embody the flow resistance model Poiseul's law, the pipe diameter of the gas inlet branch pipe meets the following requirements:
R1 4:R2 4:R3 4＝1:2:4。
the gas inlet branch pipeline is provided with a valve control pipeline switch, can satisfy seven switch combinations, and is respectively: valve 1 (open), valves 2, 3 (closed); valve 2 (open), valves 1, 3 (closed); valves 1, 2 (on), valve 3 (off); valve 3 (open), valves 1, 2 (closed); valves 1, 3 (on), valve 2 (off); valves 2, 3 (on), valve 1 (off); valves 1, 2, 3 (on). When the pipe diameters of the three gas inlet branch pipelines corresponding to the galvanic pile unit meet the relationship, the seven switch combinations respectively correspond to seven gas inlet flow rates and meet the conditions that phi 1: phi 2: phi 3: phi 4: phi 5: phi 6: phi 7: 1:2:3:4:5:6: 7. Whether the switch combination of the fuel gas inlet pipeline valve of the galvanic pile unit corresponding to the maximum value and the minimum value of the electric signal has an adjusting room or not is convenient to judge.
And S260, respectively adjusting the switch combination of the fuel gas inlet pipeline valve of the galvanic pile unit corresponding to the maximum value and the minimum value of the electric signal so as to balance the discharge of the galvanic pile unit.
And S270, carrying out alarm prompt.
The technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the steps of obtaining an electric signal of each electric pile unit in the fuel cell pile, and judging whether the maximum value and the minimum value in the electric signals are positioned in a first preset danger range; and if the maximum value and the minimum value in the electric signals are located, adjusting the switch combination of the fuel gas inlet pipeline valve of the electric pile unit corresponding to the maximum value and the minimum value in the electric signals. The discharging inconsistency degree of the electric pile units in the battery pile can be effectively identified, corresponding adjustment is carried out on the discharging inconsistency degree, the electric signals of all the electric pile units are guaranteed to be within a safe working range, the stability of the output electric power of the battery pile is improved, and the service life of the battery pile is prolonged.
Optionally, the method further comprises:
acquiring total electric signals of all electric stack units in the fuel cell stack;
judging whether the total electric signal or a prediction result obtained according to the variation trend of the total electric signal is in a third preset danger range;
if so, passive regulation is performed to regulate the load outside the system.
Specifically, the total electrical signal includes a total current signal or a total voltage signal. If at least three galvanic pile units are connected in series, two ends of each galvanic pile unit are connected with a voltmeter in parallel, the series current of the at least three galvanic pile units is connected with an ammeter in series, and the data acquired by the ammeter at the moment is a total current signal. Acquiring total current signals of all electric pile units in the fuel cell pile; judging whether the total current signal or a prediction result obtained according to the variation trend of the total current signal is in a third preset danger range; if the current signal is in the normal range, passive regulation is carried out to regulate the load outside the system, so that the total current signal is restored to the normal range. If at least three galvanic pile units are connected in parallel, an ammeter is connected in series on a branch circuit where each galvanic pile unit is located, a voltmeter is connected on a main circuit where at least three galvanic pile units are connected in parallel, and data acquired by the voltmeter at this time is a total voltage signal. Acquiring total voltage signals of all electric pile units in the fuel cell pile; judging whether the total voltage signal or a prediction result obtained according to the variation trend of the total voltage signal is in a third preset danger range; if the voltage signal is in the normal range, passive regulation is carried out to regulate the load outside the system, so that the total voltage signal is restored to the normal range.
Here, the passive regulation refers to regulation of a load outside the system, and the above-described method of regulating the combination of the opening and closing of the fuel gas inlet line valve of the stack unit corresponding to the maximum value and the minimum value of the electric signal may be regarded as active regulation. Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of another fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention, and referring to fig. 5, taking an example that a plurality of stack units 3 are connected in parallel, a power adjusting unit 9 is connected between the plurality of stack units 3 and a load 7, and the power adjusting unit 9 can perform balanced distribution on the load of each stack unit to a certain extent on the premise that a total power demand is met. The load is adjusted through passive adjustment, and the gas inflow is adjusted through active adjustment, so that the output consistency of the cell stack unit group is further balanced, the service life of the cell stack unit is prolonged, and the stability of the output power of the fuel cell is maintained. Active regulation may be preferred over passive regulation, which may also be preferred over active regulation.
Fig. 6 is a flowchart of a control method of a fuel cell system according to an embodiment of the present invention; referring to fig. 6, in a manner that a passive adjustment is preferred over an active adjustment, the method includes:
and S310, the inspection system receives the voltage and the current fed back by the voltmeter and the ammeter to obtain the main circuit current in the series structure and the voltage output by each electric pile unit, or the branch circuit voltage in the parallel structure and the current flowing through each electric pile unit.
And S320, predicting whether the main circuit current in the series structure or the branch circuit voltage in the parallel structure is in a third preset dangerous range. If the main current in the series structure or the branch voltage in the parallel structure is within the third preset danger range, go to step 330; if the main current in the series configuration and the branch voltage in the parallel configuration are not within the third predetermined hazard range, step 340 is performed.
S330, performing passive regulation, and preferentially regulating the load outside the system to recover the total voltage or the total current to a normal range; and after the passive adjustment, the step S310 is executed.
S340, respectively sequencing the voltage output by each electric pile unit in the series structure or the current flowing through each electric pile unit in the parallel structure, and detecting the maximum voltage and the minimum voltage or the maximum current and the minimum current; and determines the corresponding stack unit.
S350, predicting the maximum voltage and the minimum voltage, or the variation trend of the maximum current and the minimum current, and judging whether the prediction result is in a first preset danger range; if the predicted result is not within the first preset risk range, go to step 360; if the second predetermined risk range is within the second predetermined risk range, go to step 370.
S360, calculating the difference value delta U between the maximum voltage and the minimum voltage, or calculating the difference value delta A between the maximum current and the minimum current; judging whether the delta U or the delta A is in a second preset danger range, and if the delta U and the delta A are not in the second preset danger range, executing a step 370; if Δ U or Δ a is within the second predetermined risk range, step 380 is executed.
And S370, controlling the cell stack to work normally, and returning to execute the step 310.
S380, judging whether the valve of the corresponding galvanic pile unit has an adjusting room, and if so, executing a step 390; if there is no room for adjustment, then step 3100 is performed.
S390, respectively adjusting the switch combination of the fuel gas inlet pipeline valve of the galvanic pile unit corresponding to the maximum value and the minimum value of the electric signal to balance the discharge of the galvanic pile unit; wherein, each pile unit corresponds to there are at least three admission line valves.
And S3100, performing alarm prompt.
An embodiment of the present invention further provides a fuel cell system, referring to fig. 2 to fig. 3, including a terminal, and further including:
the system comprises an air supply unit 1, a fuel gas supply unit 2, at least three galvanic pile units 3 and an inspection module 6; the air supply unit 1 is respectively connected with each electric pile unit 3 through a pipeline; each electric pile unit is respectively connected with the fuel gas supply unit through at least three pipelines, and a valve 8 is arranged on each pipeline between the electric pile unit 3 and the fuel gas supply unit 2;
the inspection module 6 is connected with a terminal, the inspection module 6 is also connected with each electric pile unit 3, the inspection module 6 is used for collecting electric signals of each electric pile unit 3, and the terminal is used for controlling the conduction state of a valve 8 according to the electric signals or adjusting the size of a load 7 electrically connected with a fuel cell system according to the total electric signals of all the electric pile units.
Optionally, referring to fig. 2, at least three electric pile units 3 are connected in parallel, and a branch where each electric pile unit 3 is located is connected in series with an ammeter 4; a voltage meter 5 is connected to a trunk circuit in which at least three electric pile units 3 are connected in parallel;
referring to fig. 3, at least three stack units 3 are connected in series, and a voltmeter 5 is connected in parallel at both ends of each stack unit 3; at least three electric pile units 3 are connected with an ammeter 4 in series;
ammeter 4 and voltmeter 5 are connected with patrol and examine module 6 electricity, and module 6 is used for sending the signal of telecommunication to the terminal through the data of gathering ammeter 4 and voltmeter 5 to patrol and examine.
Optionally, each galvanic pile unit is connected with the fuel gas supply unit through three pipelines respectively; the three pipe section radiuses satisfy the following relations:
R1 4:R2 4:R3 4＝1:2:4。
specifically, every galvanic pile unit is connected with the gas supply unit through three pipelines respectively, and the gas inlet branch pipe all is equipped with the switch of valve control pipeline, can satisfy seven kinds of switch combinations this moment, is respectively: valve 1 (open), valves 2, 3 (closed); valve 2 (open), valves 1, 3 (closed); valves 1, 2 (on), valve 3 (off); valve 3 (open), valves 1, 2 (closed); valves 1, 3 (on), valve 2 (off); valves 2, 3 (on), valve 1 (off); valves 1, 2, 3 (on). When the pipe diameters of the three gas inlet branch pipelines corresponding to the galvanic pile unit meet the relationship, the seven switch combinations respectively correspond to seven gas inlet flow rates and meet the conditions that phi 1: phi 2: phi 3: phi 4: phi 5: phi 6: phi 7: 1:2:3:4:5:6: 7.
It is to be noted that the foregoing is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and the technical principles employed. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described herein, but is capable of various obvious changes, rearrangements and substitutions as will now become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, although the present invention has been described in greater detail by the above embodiments, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and may include other equivalent embodiments without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is determined by the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A control method of a fuel cell system, characterized by comprising:
acquiring an electric signal of each electric stack unit in the fuel cell stack;
judging whether the maximum value and the minimum value in the electric signal are within a first preset danger range or not; if it is located, then
And respectively adjusting the gas supply amount of the galvanic pile units corresponding to the maximum value and the minimum value of the electric signals so as to balance the discharge of the galvanic pile units.
2. The control method of a fuel cell system according to claim 1,
if the stack units in the fuel cell stack are connected in parallel, the acquiring the electrical signal of each stack unit in the fuel cell stack includes:
acquiring a current signal of each electric pile unit in the fuel cell pile;
if the stack units in the fuel cell stack are connected in series, the acquiring the electrical signal of each stack unit in the fuel cell stack includes:
a voltage signal is acquired for each stack element in the fuel cell stack.
3. The control method of a fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein the determining whether the maximum value and the minimum value in the electric signal are within a first preset risk range includes:
judging whether the currently obtained electric signal is located in a first preset danger range;
or predicting the change trend of the electric signal according to the currently obtained electric signal, and judging whether the prediction result is in a first preset danger range.
4. The control method of a fuel cell system according to claim 1, wherein the determining whether the maximum value and the minimum value in the electric signal are located after the first preset risk range further includes:
judging whether the gas supply quantity of the electric pile unit corresponding to the maximum value and the minimum value of the electric signal has an adjusting room or not;
if not, alarm prompt is carried out.
5. The control method of a fuel cell system according to claim 1, further comprising, if the maximum value and the minimum value in the electric signal are smaller than a first preset danger range:
calculating the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value in the electric signal;
judging whether the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value in the electric signal is within a second preset danger range or not; if not, controlling the fuel cell stack to work normally and entering the next cycle detection.
6. The control method of a fuel cell system according to claim 5, wherein if a difference between a maximum value and a minimum value in the electric signal is within a second preset risk range, further comprising:
judging whether the gas supply quantity of the electric pile unit corresponding to the maximum value and the minimum value of the electric signal has an adjusting room;
if so, adjusting the gas supply quantity of the galvanic pile unit corresponding to the maximum value and the minimum value of the electric signal so as to balance the discharge of the galvanic pile unit;
if not, alarm prompt is carried out.
7. The control method of a fuel cell system according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising:
acquiring total electric signals of all electric stack units in the fuel cell stack;
judging whether the total electric signal or a prediction result obtained according to the variation trend of the total electric signal is in a third preset danger range;
if so, passive regulation is performed to regulate the load outside the system.
8. A fuel cell system, comprising a terminal, and further comprising:
the device comprises an air supply unit, a fuel gas supply unit, at least three galvanic pile units and an inspection module; the air supply unit is respectively connected with each electric pile unit through a pipeline; each electric pile unit is respectively connected with a fuel gas supply unit through at least three pipelines, and a valve is arranged on each pipeline between the electric pile unit and the fuel gas supply unit;
the inspection module is connected with the terminal, the inspection module is further connected with each electric pile unit, the inspection module is used for collecting electric signals of each electric pile unit, and the terminal is used for controlling the conduction state of the valve according to the electric signals or adjusting the size of a load electrically connected with the fuel cell system according to the total electric signals of all the electric pile units.
9. The fuel cell system according to claim 8,
the at least three electric pile units are connected in parallel, and a branch on which each electric pile unit is located is connected with an ammeter in series; a voltage meter is connected to a trunk circuit in which the at least three electric pile units are connected in parallel;
the at least three electric pile units are connected in series, and two ends of each electric pile unit are connected with a voltmeter in parallel; the at least three electric pile units are connected with an ammeter in series;
the ammeter with the voltmeter with patrol and examine the module electricity and be connected, patrol and examine the module and be used for through gathering the ammeter with the data of voltmeter send to the terminal the signal of telecommunication.
10. The fuel cell system according to claim 9, wherein each of the stack units is connected to a fuel gas supply unit through three pipes, respectively; the three pipe section radiuses satisfy the following relations:
R1 4:R2 4:R3 4＝1:2:4。
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