CN113851676A - Fuel cell time-series exhaust control method - Google Patents
Fuel cell time-series exhaust control method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113851676A CN113851676A CN202110563711.XA CN202110563711A CN113851676A CN 113851676 A CN113851676 A CN 113851676A CN 202110563711 A CN202110563711 A CN 202110563711A CN 113851676 A CN113851676 A CN 113851676A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04544—Voltage
- H01M8/04559—Voltage of fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fuel cell time-sequence exhaust control method, which comprises the following steps: step 1) collecting module voltage of each electric pile module in a fuel cell in a use state according to a preset time interval; step 2) judging whether each electric pile module reaches a preferential exhaust condition or not according to the measured module voltage, if at least one electric pile module reaches the preferential exhaust condition, calculating the exhaust sequence of each electric pile module, and controlling each electric pile module to exhaust according to the calculated exhaust sequence; and if all the pile modules do not reach the preferential exhaust condition, returning to the step 1). The invention realizes reasonable control of the exhaust sequence of each single battery (or the electric pile module formed by at least one single battery) in the fuel battery, is beneficial to improving the hydrogen utilization rate of the fuel battery, reducing the difference among the single batteries, increasing the durability of the single batteries and prolonging the service life of the fuel battery.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a fuel cell time-sequence exhaust control method.
Background
The fuel cell is internally divided into an air treatment system, a hydrogen treatment system and a hydrothermal circulation treatment system, the air treatment system provides proper air for the interior of the cell, the hydrogen treatment system improves the energy generated by the fuel generation reaction, and the hydrothermal circulation treatment system keeps the reaction environment in the cell in proper conditions. During the operation of the hydrogen treatment system, the control of the tail gas exhaust valve is the most important, including the control of the opening time and the interval time of the tail gas exhaust valve, if the opening time and the interval time of the tail gas exhaust valve are not properly set, a plurality of problems occur, for example, the exhaust frequency is too high or the opening time of the tail gas exhaust valve is too long, hydrogen waste is caused, and a potential safety risk is brought. However, if the exhaust frequency is too low or the opening time of the tail exhaust valve is too short, water blockage or impurity gas accumulation of a part of single cells in the fuel cell is easily caused, and inconsistency (such as voltage inconsistency, water saturation inconsistency, pressure inconsistency and the like of the single cells) between the single cells is caused, so that the performance of the fuel cell is reduced.
Whether the exhaust control of the single battery (or the stack module consisting of at least one single battery) is reasonable or not is directly related to the overall battery performance of the fuel battery, but how to ensure the reasonable exhaust control of the single battery becomes a technical problem to be solved urgently in the technical field of the fuel battery.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a fuel cell time-sequence exhaust control method, aiming at reasonably controlling the exhaust sequence of a single cell in a fuel cell, improving the overall performance of the fuel cell and prolonging the service life of the fuel cell.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
provided is a fuel cell time-series exhaust control method, including the steps of:
1) collecting module voltage of each electric pile module in the fuel cell in a use state according to a preset time interval;
2) judging whether each of the cell stack modules reaches a priority exhaust condition according to the measured module voltage,
if at least one of the electric pile modules reaches a preferential exhaust condition, calculating the exhaust sequence of each electric pile module, and controlling each electric pile module to exhaust according to the calculated exhaust sequence;
if all the electric pile modules do not reach the preferential exhaust condition, returning to the step 1);
in step 2), the method for judging whether the stack module reaches the priority exhaust condition comprises the following steps:
recording the module voltage of the current pile module as V (i), recording the module voltages of the pile modules of which the exhaust sequences are at the front position and the back position of the current pile module measured at the same time as V (i-1) and V (i +1) respectively, then judging whether V (i) is smaller than V (i-1) and smaller than V (i +1), and judging whether the absolute value | V (i) -V (i-1) | and/or | V (i) -V (i +1) | of the pressure difference is larger than a preset voltage difference threshold value or not,
if so, judging that the current pile module reaches a priority exhaust condition;
if not, judging that the current pile module does not reach the prior exhaust condition.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the voltage difference threshold is 100mV, and when | V (i) -V (i-1) | and/or | V (i) -V (i +1) | is greater than 100mV, it is determined that the content of impurities in the bipolar plate flow channel in the current stack module is abnormal, and it is necessary to preferentially purge.
As a preferable aspect of the present invention, the voltage difference threshold is 200mV, and when | V (i) -V (i-1) | and/or | V (i) -V (i +1) | is greater than 200mV, it is determined that the water content of the current cell stack module is abnormal, and it is necessary to preferentially purge.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the voltage difference threshold is 300mV, and when | V (i) -V (i-1) | and/or | V (i) -V (i +1) | is greater than 300mV, it is determined that the bipolar plate flow channel in the current stack module is blocked and preferential venting is required.
As a preferable mode of the present invention, in the step 2), the method for calculating the exhaust sequence of each stack module includes:
2.1) calculating the average module voltage of each electric pile module measured at the same moment;
2.2) calculating the absolute value of the difference between the module voltage of each electric pile module and the average module voltage measured at the same moment, and sequencing the exhaust sequence of each electric pile module by taking the absolute value of each difference from large to small as a front and back sequencing sequence.
As a preferable scheme of the present invention, step 2) further includes a queue-insertion ordering method, and the queue-insertion ordering method specifically includes the following steps:
step S1, judging whether the module voltage variation range of the pile module N (i) to be inserted is in the reasonable variation threshold range in the two voltage acquisition,
if yes, go to step S2;
if not, judging that the galvanic pile module N (i) does not need queue insertion;
step S2, calculating whether the absolute value of the voltage difference between the module voltage of the stack module n (i) and the module voltage of each of the other stack modules n (x) in the fuel cell measured at the same time is less than or equal to a preset voltage difference threshold,
if yes, sequencing the stack modules N (i) to the back of the corresponding stack modules N (x), and finishing the exhaust queue insertion of the stack modules N (i).
As a preferable scheme of the present invention, step 2) further includes an emergency queue-insertion ordering method, where the emergency queue-insertion ordering method includes:
judging whether the module voltage variation range of the electric pile modules N (i) to be inserted in the two voltage acquisition processes is in the range of the violent variation threshold value, if so, directly inserting and sequencing the exhaust sequence of the electric pile modules N (i) to the first position of all the electric pile modules.
As a preferable aspect of the present invention, the fuel cell time-series exhaust control method further includes a method for determining whether a stack module has a fault, where the method for determining the fault specifically includes:
judging whether the module voltage variation value of the galvanic pile module is larger than the fault threshold value in the two voltage acquisition,
if so, judging that the electric pile module has a fault;
if not, judging that the electric pile module is normal.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the reasonable variation threshold range is [10mV,50mV ").
As a preferable embodiment of the present invention, the differential pressure threshold is 3 mV.
As a preferable mode of the present invention, the drastic change threshold range is [50mV,80mV ].
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the failure threshold is 80 mV.
As a preferable scheme of the present invention, in step 1), the preset time interval is 100 ms;
in the step 2), the stack modules are exhausted again and sequenced every 5 seconds;
each electric pile module at least comprises one single battery.
The invention realizes reasonable control of the exhaust sequence of each single battery (or the electric pile module formed by at least one single battery) in the fuel battery, is beneficial to improving the hydrogen utilization rate of the fuel battery, reducing the difference among the single batteries, increasing the durability of the single batteries and prolonging the service life of the fuel battery.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required to be used in the embodiments of the present invention will be briefly described below. It is obvious that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the invention, and that for a person skilled in the art, other drawings can be derived from them without inventive effort.
FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating steps for implementing a fuel cell timing exhaust control method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of method steps for calculating a purge sequence for each stack module;
fig. 3 is a diagram of implementation steps of a queue-insertion ordering method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by the specific implementation mode in combination with the attached drawings.
Wherein the showings are for the purpose of illustration only and are shown by way of illustration only and not in actual form, and are not to be construed as limiting the present patent; to better illustrate the embodiments of the present invention, some parts of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced, and do not represent the size of an actual product; it will be understood by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
The same or similar reference numerals in the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present invention, it should be understood that if the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", etc. are used for indicating the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, it is only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but it is not indicated or implied that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation and be operated, and therefore, the terms describing the positional relationship in the drawings are only used for illustrative purposes and are not to be construed as limitations of the present patent, and the specific meanings of the terms may be understood by those skilled in the art according to specific situations.
In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the term "connected" or the like, if appearing to indicate a connection relationship between the components, is to be understood broadly, for example, as being fixed or detachable or integral; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be directly connected or indirectly connected through intervening media, or may be connected through one or more other components or may be in an interactive relationship with one another. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
The method for controlling the time-series exhaust of the fuel cell according to the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, includes the following steps:
step 1) acquiring module voltage of each electric pile module (at least comprising one single battery) in a fuel cell in a use state at preset time intervals (preferably, the electric pile module voltage is acquired every 100 ms), and respectively recording the module voltage as V (1), V (2), V (3), … …, V (i), … … and V (n), wherein V (i) represents the module voltage of the ith electric pile module in the fuel cell, and n represents the number of the electric pile modules in the fuel cell;
step 2) judging whether each electric pile module reaches a preferential exhaust condition according to the measured module voltage,
if at least one electric pile module reaches the prior exhaust condition, calculating the exhaust sequence of each electric pile module, and controlling each electric pile module to exhaust according to the calculated exhaust sequence;
if all the electric pile modules do not reach the preferential exhaust condition, returning to the step 1);
in this embodiment, the method for determining whether the stack module meets the priority exhaust condition includes:
recording the module voltage of the current electric pile module as V (i), recording the module voltages of the electric pile modules of which the exhaust sequences are at the front position and the back position of the current electric pile module measured at the same time as V (i-1) and V (i +1) respectively, then judging whether V (i) is smaller than V (i-1) and smaller than V (i +1), and judging whether the absolute value | V (i) | and/or | V (i) | of pressure difference is larger than a preset voltage difference value threshold value or not,
if so, judging that the current pile module reaches a priority exhaust condition;
if not, judging that the current pile module does not reach the prior exhaust condition.
The invention judges the abnormal type in the electric pile module (or single battery) by setting three different voltage difference value thresholds, and judges whether the corresponding electric pile module needs to exhaust preferentially according to different abnormal types.
Three voltage difference threshold values set by the invention are respectively 100mV, 200mV and 300mV, when | V (i) -V (i-1) | and/or | V (i) -V (i +1) | are more than 100mV, the impurity content in a bipolar plate flow channel in the galvanic pile module is judged to be more, which may influence the introduction of hydrogen, cause insufficient hydrogen concentration, insufficient anode stoichiometry and need preferential exhaust.
When the absolute value of V (i) -V (i-1) I and/or the absolute value of V (i) -V (i +1) I is larger than 200mV, the current state that the water saturation in the pile module is too high and the water content in the proton exchange membrane is too much is judged, the water flooding possibly occurs in the battery when the state continues, and the prior exhaust is needed.
When the absolute value of V (i) -V (i-1) and/or the absolute value of V (i) -V (i +1) is larger than 300mV, the liquid water possibly appears in the bipolar plate flow channel in the current stack module, the hydrogen gas is blocked to pass through the flow channel, and the preferential exhaust is needed.
The method for calculating the exhaust sequence of each stack module is shown in FIG. 2, and comprises the following steps:
step 2.1) calculating the average module voltage of each galvanic pile module measured at the same moment;
and 2.2) calculating the absolute value of the difference between the module voltage of each electric pile module and the average module voltage measured at the same moment, and sequencing the exhaust sequence of each electric pile module by taking the absolute value of each difference from large to small as a front-back sequencing sequence. The larger the absolute value of the difference between the module voltage of the stack module and the average module voltage is, the more the exhaust sequence is.
Considering that there may be a situation that a certain stack module in a fuel cell needs to be discharged in queue due to a sudden voltage change in a short time, for example, the present invention also provides a queue-insertion ordering method, as shown in fig. 3, the queue-insertion ordering method includes the following specific steps:
step S1, determining whether the module voltage variation range of the pile module n (i) to be inserted is within the reasonable variation threshold range (the reasonable variation threshold range is set to [10mV,50mV ] in this embodiment after experimental summary) in the two voltage acquisitions,
if yes, go to step S2;
if not, judging that the galvanic pile module N (i) does not need to be inserted;
step S2, calculating whether the absolute value of the differential pressure between the module voltage of the stack module n (i) and the module voltage of each of the other stack modules n (x) in the fuel cell measured at the same time is less than or equal to a preset differential pressure threshold (in this embodiment, the differential pressure threshold is set to be 3mV),
if yes, sequencing the stack modules N (i) to the back of the corresponding stack modules N (x), and finishing the exhaust queue insertion of the stack modules N (i).
Considering that there may be a case where an exclusive emergency queue is required, for example, a certain pile module has a serious abnormality and needs to be arranged to the first position for exhausting, the invention further provides another emergency queue ordering method, which comprises the following specific steps:
in the two voltage acquisition, whether the module voltage variation range of the pile module N (i) to be inserted is in the violent variation threshold range (through repeated experiment summary, the violent variation threshold range is set to be [50mV,80mV) or not is judged, and if so, the exhaust sequence of the pile modules N (i) is directly inserted and sequenced to the first position of all the pile modules.
In another case, when a failure occurs in a stack module, the failed stack module is not taken as the priority exhaust control target. The method for judging whether the electric pile module has the fault or not in the embodiment comprises the following steps:
judging whether the module voltage variation value of the pile module is larger than the fault threshold value (the embodiment is set to be 80mV) in the two voltage acquisition,
if yes, judging that the electric pile module has a fault;
if not, the electric pile module is judged to be normal.
In addition, in order to strictly control the number of times of the stack module priority sequencing so as to avoid influencing the original normal exhaust control process of the fuel cell, the invention carries out exhaust sequencing on each stack module again every 5 s.
It should be understood that the above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the invention and the technical principles applied thereto. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications, equivalents, changes, and the like can be made to the present invention. However, such variations are within the scope of the invention as long as they do not depart from the spirit of the invention. In addition, certain terms used in the specification and claims of the present application are not limiting, but are used merely for convenience of description.
Claims (13)
1. A fuel cell time-series purge control method, comprising:
1) collecting module voltage of each electric pile module in the fuel cell in a use state according to a preset time interval;
2) judging whether each of the cell stack modules reaches a priority exhaust condition according to the measured module voltage,
if at least one of the electric pile modules reaches a preferential exhaust condition, calculating the exhaust sequence of each electric pile module, and controlling each electric pile module to exhaust according to the calculated exhaust sequence;
if all the electric pile modules do not reach the preferential exhaust condition, returning to the step 1);
in step 2), the method for judging whether the stack module reaches the priority exhaust condition comprises the following steps:
recording the module voltage of the current pile module as V (i), recording the module voltages of the pile modules of which the exhaust sequences are at the front position and the back position of the current pile module measured at the same time as V (i-1) and V (i +1) respectively, then judging whether V (i) is smaller than V (i-1) and smaller than V (i +1), and judging whether the absolute value | V (i) -V (i-1) | and/or | V (i) -V (i +1) | of the pressure difference is larger than a preset voltage difference threshold value or not,
if so, judging that the current pile module reaches a priority exhaust condition;
if not, judging that the current pile module does not reach the prior exhaust condition.
2. The fuel cell timing degassing control method according to claim 1, wherein the voltage difference threshold is 100mV, and when | V (i) -V (i-1) | and/or | V (i) -V (i +1) | is greater than 100mV, it is determined that the content of impurities in the bipolar plate flow channel in the current stack module is abnormal, and degassing is required preferentially.
3. The fuel cell time-series purge control method according to claim 1, wherein the voltage difference threshold is 200mV, and when | V (i) -V (i-1) | and/or | V (i) -V (i +1) | is greater than 200mV, it is determined that the water content of the current stack module is abnormal and priority purge is required.
4. The fuel cell timing vent control method according to claim 1, wherein the voltage difference threshold is 300mV, and when | V (i) -V (i-1) | and/or | V (i) -V (i +1) | is greater than 300mV, it is determined that bipolar plate flow channels within the current stack module are blocked and preferential venting is required.
5. The fuel cell time-series purge control method according to claim 1, wherein the method of calculating the purge order of each of the stack modules in step 2) includes:
2.1) calculating the average module voltage of each electric pile module measured at the same moment;
2.2) calculating the absolute value of the difference between the module voltage of each electric pile module and the average module voltage measured at the same moment, and sequencing the exhaust sequence of each electric pile module by taking the absolute value of each difference from large to small as a front and back sequencing sequence.
6. The fuel cell time-series exhaust gas control method according to claim 1 or 5, characterized in that step 2) further includes a queue-insertion ordering method, which specifically includes the steps of:
step S1, judging whether the module voltage variation range of the pile module N (i) to be inserted is in the reasonable variation threshold range in the two voltage acquisition,
if yes, go to step S2;
if not, judging that the galvanic pile module N (i) does not need queue insertion;
step S2, calculating whether the absolute value of the voltage difference between the module voltage of the stack module n (i) and the module voltage of each of the other stack modules n (x) in the fuel cell measured at the same time is less than or equal to a preset voltage difference threshold,
if yes, sequencing the stack modules N (i) to the back of the corresponding stack modules N (x), and finishing the exhaust queue insertion of the stack modules N (i).
7. The fuel cell time-series exhaust gas control method according to claim 1 or 5, further comprising an emergency queue ordering method in step 2), wherein the emergency queue ordering method comprises:
judging whether the module voltage variation range of the electric pile modules N (i) to be inserted in the two voltage acquisition processes is in the range of the violent variation threshold value, if so, directly inserting and sequencing the exhaust sequence of the electric pile modules N (i) to the first position of all the electric pile modules.
8. The fuel cell time-series exhaust gas control method according to claim 1 or 5, further comprising a method for determining whether a stack module has failed, the method specifically comprising:
judging whether the module voltage variation value of the galvanic pile module is larger than the fault threshold value in the two voltage acquisition,
if so, judging that the electric pile module has a fault;
if not, judging that the electric pile module is normal.
9. The fuel cell time-series purge control method according to claim 6, wherein the reasonable variation threshold range is [10mV,50mV ].
10. The fuel cell time-series purge control method according to claim 6, wherein the differential pressure threshold is 3 mV.
11. The fuel cell time-series purge control method according to claim 7, wherein the drastic change threshold range is [50mV,80mV ").
12. The fuel cell time-series purge control method according to claim 8, wherein the failure threshold is 80 mV.
13. The fuel cell time-series exhaust gas control method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step 1), the preset time interval is 100 ms;
in the step 2), the stack modules are exhausted again and sequenced every 5 seconds;
each electric pile module at least comprises one single battery.
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| CN114883614A (en) * | 2022-07-11 | 2022-08-09 | 佛山市清极能源科技有限公司 | Self-adaptive exhaust method of fuel cell system |
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| CN212230538U (en) * | 2020-08-05 | 2020-12-25 | 北京亿华通科技股份有限公司 | Water management system for hydrogen fuel cell |
| CN112713291A (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2021-04-27 | 北京科技大学 | Fuel cell system and control method thereof |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114883614A (en) * | 2022-07-11 | 2022-08-09 | 佛山市清极能源科技有限公司 | Self-adaptive exhaust method of fuel cell system |
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