CN113851676B - Method for controlling time-series exhaust of fuel cell - Google Patents
Method for controlling time-series exhaust of fuel cell Download PDFInfo
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- CN113851676B CN113851676B CN202110563711.XA CN202110563711A CN113851676B CN 113851676 B CN113851676 B CN 113851676B CN 202110563711 A CN202110563711 A CN 202110563711A CN 113851676 B CN113851676 B CN 113851676B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04313—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by the detection or assessment of variables; characterised by the detection or assessment of failure or abnormal function
- H01M8/04537—Electric variables
- H01M8/04544—Voltage
- H01M8/04559—Voltage of fuel cell stacks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04089—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration of gaseous reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
- H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
- H01M8/04298—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems
- H01M8/04694—Processes for controlling fuel cells or fuel cell systems characterised by variables to be controlled
- H01M8/04746—Pressure; Flow
- H01M8/04753—Pressure; Flow of fuel cell reactants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The application discloses a time sequence exhaust control method of a fuel cell, which comprises the following steps: step 1) collecting the module voltage of each electric pile module in the fuel cell in a use state according to a preset time interval; step 2) judging whether each pile module reaches a preferential exhaust condition according to the measured module voltage, if at least one pile module reaches the preferential exhaust condition, calculating the exhaust sequence of each pile module, and controlling each pile module to exhaust according to the calculated exhaust sequence; and (3) returning to the step (1) if all the pile modules do not reach the preferential exhaust condition. The application realizes reasonable control of the exhaust sequence of each single cell (or the pile module formed by at least one single cell) in the fuel cell, is beneficial to improving the hydrogen utilization rate of the fuel cell, reducing the difference among the single cells, increasing the durability of the single cells and prolonging the service life of the fuel cell.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of fuel cells, in particular to a time-sequence exhaust control method of a fuel cell.
Background
The internal part of the fuel cell is provided with an air treatment system, a hydrogen treatment system and a hydrothermal circulation treatment system, the air treatment system provides proper air for the interior of the cell, the hydrogen treatment system improves the energy generated by the reaction of fuel, and the hydrothermal circulation treatment system keeps the reaction environment in the interior of the cell in proper conditions. In the operation process of the hydrogen treatment system, the control of the tail gas exhaust valve is mainly performed, wherein the control of the opening time and the interval time of the tail gas exhaust valve is included, if the opening time and the interval time of the tail gas exhaust valve are not properly set, various problems can occur, such as too high exhaust frequency or too long opening time of the tail gas exhaust valve, hydrogen waste can be caused, and potential safety risks can be brought. However, if the exhaust frequency is too low or the opening time of the tail exhaust valve is too short, water blocking or impurity gas accumulation of a part of the single-cell in the fuel cell is easily caused, and inconsistency (such as inconsistent voltage, inconsistent water saturation, inconsistent pressure and the like of the single cell) between the single cells is caused, so that the performance of the fuel cell is reduced.
Whether the exhaust control of the single battery (or a pile module formed by at least one single battery) is reasonably and directly related to the overall battery performance of the fuel battery or not, but how to ensure that the exhaust control of the single battery is reasonably and urgently solve the technical problem in the technical field of fuel batteries.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to reasonably control the exhaust sequence of single batteries in a fuel cell, improve the overall performance of the fuel cell and prolong the service life of the fuel cell, and provides a time-sequence exhaust control method of the fuel cell.
To achieve the purpose, the application adopts the following technical scheme:
there is provided a fuel cell time-series exhaust control method including the steps of:
1) Collecting the module voltage of each electric pile module in the fuel cell in a use state according to a preset time interval;
2) Judging whether each pile module reaches a preferential exhaust condition according to the measured module voltage,
if at least one pile module reaches the preferential exhaust condition, calculating the exhaust sequence of each pile module, and controlling each pile module to exhaust according to the calculated exhaust sequence;
if all the pile modules do not reach the preferential exhaust condition, returning to the step 1);
in the step 2), the method for judging whether the pile module reaches the preferential exhaust condition is as follows:
the module voltage of the current pile module is recorded as V (i), the module voltages of the pile modules at the previous and the next of the current pile module are recorded as V (i-1) and V (i+1) respectively, then whether V (i) is smaller than V (i-1) and smaller than V (i+1) is judged, and whether the absolute value of differential pressure I V (i) -V (i-1) I and/or I V (i) -V (i+1) I is larger than a preset voltage difference threshold value,
if yes, judging that the current pile module reaches a preferential exhaust condition;
if not, judging that the current pile module does not reach the preferential exhaust condition.
As a preferable scheme of the application, the voltage difference threshold is 100mV, and when the absolute value of V (i) -V (i-1) and/or the absolute value of V (i) -V (i+1) is greater than 100mV, the impurity content in the bipolar plate flow channel in the current pile module is judged to be abnormal, and the prior exhaust is needed.
As a preferable scheme of the application, the voltage difference threshold is 200mV, and when the absolute value of V (i) -V (i-1) and/or the absolute value of V (i) -V (i+1) is greater than 200mV, the abnormal water content of the current pile module is judged, and the priority air discharge is needed.
As a preferable scheme of the application, the voltage difference threshold is 300mV, and when |v (i) -V (i-1) | and/or |v (i) -V (i+1) | is greater than 300mV, it is determined that the bipolar plate flow channel in the current pile module is blocked, and priority air discharge is required.
As a preferred embodiment of the present application, in step 2), the method step of calculating the exhaust sequence of each of the pile modules includes:
2.1 Calculating the average module voltage of each pile module measured at the same time;
2.2 Calculating the absolute value of the difference between the module voltage of each pile module and the average module voltage measured at the same moment, and sequencing the exhaust sequence of each pile module by taking the absolute value of each difference as a front-back sequencing sequence from large to small.
As a preferred scheme of the present application, step 2) further includes a queue ordering method, where the queue ordering method specifically includes the following steps:
step S1, judging whether the module voltage change range of the pile module N (i) to be inserted is within a reasonable change threshold value range in the two voltage acquisitions,
if yes, go to step S2;
if not, judging that the pile module N (i) does not need to be inserted;
step S2, calculating whether the absolute value of the voltage difference between the module voltage of the electric pile module N (i) and the module voltage of each other electric pile module N (x) in the fuel cell, which is measured at the same moment, is smaller than or equal to a preset voltage difference threshold value,
if so, sequencing the electric pile modules N (i) to the back of the corresponding electric pile modules N (x), and completing exhaust queue insertion of the electric pile modules N (i).
As a preferred solution of the present application, step 2) further includes an emergency queue ordering method, where the emergency queue ordering method is:
judging whether the change range of the module voltage of the electric pile module N (i) to be inserted is in a severe change threshold range or not in the two voltage acquisitions, if so, directly inserting and sequencing the exhaust sequence of the electric pile module N (i) to the first position of all the electric pile modules.
As a preferred solution of the present application, the method for controlling the time-series exhaust of a fuel cell further includes a method for judging whether a stack module has a fault, where the method specifically includes:
judging whether the module voltage change value of the pile module is larger than a fault threshold value in the two voltage acquisitions,
if yes, judging that the pile module fails;
if not, judging that the pile module is normal.
As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the reasonable variation threshold range is [10mV,50 mV).
As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the differential pressure threshold=3 mV.
As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the threshold value of the drastic change is in the range of [50mV,80mV ].
As a preferred embodiment of the present application, the fault threshold=80 mV.
As a preferable mode of the present application, in step 1), the preset time interval is 100ms;
in the step 2), the stack modules are subjected to exhaust sequencing again every 5 s;
each pile module comprises at least one single cell.
The application realizes reasonable control of the exhaust sequence of each single cell (or the pile module formed by at least one single cell) in the fuel cell, is beneficial to improving the hydrogen utilization rate of the fuel cell, reducing the difference among the single cells, increasing the durability of the single cells and prolonging the service life of the fuel cell.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments of the present application will be briefly described below. It is evident that the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application and that other drawings may be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort for a person of ordinary skill in the art.
FIG. 1 is a diagram showing steps for implementing a fuel cell time-series exhaust control method according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a method step diagram of calculating an exhaust sequence for each stack module;
fig. 3 is a diagram illustrating steps for implementing a queue ordering method according to an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the application is further described below by the specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Wherein the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are shown in schematic, non-physical, and not intended to be limiting of the present patent; for the purpose of better illustrating embodiments of the application, certain elements of the drawings may be omitted, enlarged or reduced and do not represent the size of the actual product; it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that certain well-known structures in the drawings and descriptions thereof may be omitted.
The same or similar reference numbers in the drawings of embodiments of the application correspond to the same or similar components; in the description of the present application, it should be understood that, if the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, only for convenience in describing the present application and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the apparatus or elements being referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, so that the terms describing the positional relationships in the drawings are merely for exemplary illustration and should not be construed as limiting the present patent, and that the specific meaning of the terms described above may be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to specific circumstances.
In the description of the present application, unless explicitly stated and limited otherwise, the term "coupled" or the like should be interpreted broadly, as it may be fixedly coupled, detachably coupled, or integrally formed, as indicating the relationship of components; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communication between the two parts or interaction relationship between the two parts. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
The method for controlling the time-series exhaust of the fuel cell provided by the embodiment of the application, as shown in fig. 1, comprises the following steps:
step 1) collecting the module voltage of each electric pile module (at least one single battery) in the fuel cell in a use state according to a preset time interval (preferably collecting the electric pile module voltage every 100 ms), wherein the module voltages are respectively marked as V (1), V (2), V (3), … …, V (i), … … and V (n), V (i) represents the module voltage of the ith electric pile module in the fuel cell, and n represents the number of the electric pile modules in the fuel cell;
step 2) judging whether each pile module reaches the preferential exhaust condition according to the measured module voltage,
if at least one pile module reaches the preferential exhaust condition, calculating the exhaust sequence of each pile module, and controlling each pile module to exhaust according to the calculated exhaust sequence;
if all the pile modules do not reach the preferential exhaust condition, returning to the step 1);
in this embodiment, the method for determining whether the stack module reaches the preferential exhaust condition includes:
the module voltage of the current pile module is recorded as V (i), the module voltages of the pile modules at the previous and the next of the current pile module are recorded as V (i-1) and V (i+1) respectively, then whether V (i) is smaller than V (i-1) and smaller than V (i+1) is judged, and whether the absolute value of the differential pressure I V (i) -V (i-1) I and/or I V (i) -V (i+1) I is larger than a preset voltage difference threshold value,
if yes, judging that the current pile module reaches a preferential exhaust condition;
if not, judging that the current pile module does not reach the preferential exhaust condition.
According to the application, the abnormal types existing in the pile module (or single battery) are judged by setting three different voltage difference threshold values, and whether the corresponding pile module needs to exhaust preferentially is judged according to the different abnormal types.
The three voltage difference thresholds set by the application are respectively 100mV, 200mV and 300mV, and when |V (i) -V (i-1) | and/or |V (i) -V (i+1) | are greater than 100mV, the impurity content in the bipolar plate flow channel in the galvanic pile module is judged to be more, the hydrogen gas is possibly influenced to be introduced, the hydrogen gas concentration is insufficient, the anode stoichiometry is insufficient, and the preferential exhaust is needed.
When the I V (i) -V (i-1) I and/or the I V (i) -V (i+1) I is larger than 200mV, the situation that water saturation is too high in the current galvanic pile module, water content in a proton exchange membrane is too high, flooding possibly occurs in the continuous state battery, and priority exhaust is needed is judged.
When |V (i) -V (i-1) | and/or |V (i) -V (i+1) | is greater than 300mV, it is determined that liquid water may occur in bipolar plate channels in the current pile module, the hydrogen is blocked from passing through the channels, and priority air discharge is required.
The method for calculating the exhaust sequence of each pile module according to the application is shown in fig. 2, and comprises the following steps:
step 2.1) calculating the average module voltage of each pile module measured at the same time;
and 2.2) calculating the absolute value of the difference between the module voltage of each pile module and the average module voltage measured at the same moment, and sequencing the exhaust sequence of each pile module by taking the absolute value of each difference as the front-back sequencing sequence. The greater the absolute value of the difference between the module voltage of the stack module and the average module voltage, the more forward the exhaust sequence.
In consideration of the situation that a certain stack module in a fuel cell needs to be subjected to queue exhaust due to a sudden voltage change in a short time, the application also provides a queue ordering method, as shown in fig. 3, which comprises the following specific steps:
step S1, judging whether the module voltage change range of the pile module N (i) to be inserted is within a reasonable change threshold range (the reasonable change threshold range is set to be 10mV and 50mV through experimental summary in the embodiment) in the two voltage acquisitions,
if yes, go to step S2;
if not, judging that the pile module N (i) does not need to be inserted;
step S2, calculating whether the absolute value of the voltage difference between the module voltage of the pile module N (i) measured at the same time and the module voltage of each pile module N (x) in the fuel cell is smaller than or equal to a preset voltage difference threshold (the voltage difference threshold is set to be 3mV in the embodiment),
if so, sequencing the electric pile modules N (i) to the back of the corresponding electric pile modules N (x), and completing the exhaust queue-insertion of the electric pile modules N (i).
Considering that an exclusive situation that an emergency queue needs to be inserted may exist, for example, a certain pile module is seriously abnormal and needs to be exhausted to the first place in an emergency mode, the application further provides another emergency queue sorting method aiming at the situation that the emergency queue needs to be inserted, which specifically comprises the following steps:
judging whether the change range of the module voltage of the electric pile module N (i) to be inserted is in a severe change threshold range (repeated experiments summarize that the severe change threshold range is set to be 50mV and 80 mV) in the two voltage acquisitions, if so, directly inserting the exhaust sequence of the electric pile module N (i) to the first position of all the electric pile modules.
In another case, when a cell stack module fails, the failed cell stack module is not taken as a priority exhaust control target. The method for judging whether the pile module fails according to the embodiment comprises the following steps:
judging whether the module voltage change value of the pile module is larger than the fault threshold value (80 mV in the embodiment) in the two voltage acquisitions,
if yes, judging that the pile module fails;
if not, the pile module is judged to be normal.
In addition, in order to strictly control the priority order of the pile modules so as not to influence the original normal exhaust control process of the fuel cell, the application carries out exhaust ordering on each pile module every 5 s.
It should be understood that the above description is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present application and the technical principles employed. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications, equivalents, variations, and the like can be made to the present application. However, such modifications are intended to fall within the scope of the present application without departing from the spirit of the present application. In addition, some terms used in the description and claims of the present application are not limiting, but are merely for convenience of description.
Claims (12)
1. A time-series exhaust control method of a fuel cell, characterized by comprising the steps of:
1) Collecting the module voltage of each electric pile module in the fuel cell in a use state according to a preset time interval;
2) Judging whether each pile module reaches a preferential exhaust condition according to the measured module voltage,
if at least one pile module reaches the preferential exhaust condition, calculating the exhaust sequence of each pile module, and controlling each pile module to exhaust according to the calculated exhaust sequence;
if all the pile modules do not reach the preferential exhaust condition, returning to the step 1);
in the step 2), the method for judging whether the pile module reaches the preferential exhaust condition is as follows:
the module voltage of the current pile module is recorded as V (i), the module voltages of the pile modules at the previous and the next of the current pile module are recorded as V (i-1) and V (i+1) respectively, then whether V (i) is smaller than V (i-1) and smaller than V (i+1) is judged, and whether the absolute value of differential pressure I V (i) -V (i-1) I and/or I V (i) -V (i+1) I is larger than a preset voltage difference threshold value,
if yes, judging that the current pile module reaches a preferential exhaust condition;
if not, judging that the current pile module does not reach the preferential exhaust condition;
in step 2), the method for calculating the exhaust sequence of each pile module comprises the following steps:
2.1 Calculating the average module voltage of each pile module measured at the same time;
2.2 Calculating the absolute value of the difference between the module voltage of each pile module and the average module voltage measured at the same moment, and sequencing the exhaust sequence of each pile module by taking the absolute value of each difference as a front-back sequencing sequence from large to small.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the voltage difference threshold is 100mV, and when |v (i) -V (i-1) | and/or |v (i) -V (i+1) | is greater than 100mV, it is determined that the impurity content in the bipolar plate flow channel in the current stack module is abnormal, and priority exhaust is required.
3. The fuel cell time-series exhaust control method according to claim 1, wherein the voltage difference threshold is 200mV, and when |v (i) -V (i-1) | and/or |v (i) -V (i+1) | is greater than 200mV, it is determined that the water content of the current stack module is abnormal, and priority exhaust is required.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the voltage difference threshold is 300mV, and when |v (i) -V (i-1) | and/or |v (i) -V (i+1) | is greater than 300mV, it is determined that bipolar plate flow channels within the current stack module are blocked and priority venting is required.
5. The fuel cell time-series exhaust control method according to claim 1, characterized by further comprising a queue ordering method in step 2), the queue ordering method specifically comprising the steps of:
step S1, judging whether the module voltage change range of the pile module N (i) to be inserted is within a reasonable change threshold value range in the two voltage acquisitions,
if yes, go to step S2;
if not, judging that the pile module N (i) does not need to be inserted;
step S2, calculating whether the absolute value of the voltage difference between the module voltage of the electric pile module N (i) and the module voltage of each other electric pile module N (x) in the fuel cell, which is measured at the same moment, is smaller than or equal to a preset voltage difference threshold value,
if so, sequencing the electric pile modules N (i) to the back of the corresponding electric pile modules N (x), and completing exhaust queue insertion of the electric pile modules N (i).
6. The method of claim 1, further comprising an emergency queue ordering method in step 2), wherein the emergency queue ordering method is:
judging whether the change range of the module voltage of the electric pile module N (i) to be inserted is in a severe change threshold range or not in the two voltage acquisitions, if so, directly inserting and sequencing the exhaust sequence of the electric pile module N (i) to the first position of all the electric pile modules.
7. The method for controlling the time-series exhaust of a fuel cell according to claim 1, further comprising a stack module failure determination method, the failure determination method specifically comprising:
judging whether the module voltage change value of the pile module is larger than a fault threshold value in the two voltage acquisitions,
if yes, judging that the pile module fails;
if not, judging that the pile module is normal.
8. The fuel cell time-series exhaust control method according to claim 5, wherein the reasonable variation threshold range is [10mv,50 mv).
9. The fuel cell timing exhaust control method according to claim 5, characterized in that the pressure difference threshold = 3mV.
10. The fuel cell time-series exhaust control method according to claim 6, wherein the drastic change threshold range is [50mv,80 mv).
11. The fuel cell time-series exhaust control method according to claim 7, characterized in that the failure threshold value = 80mV.
12. The fuel cell time-series exhaust control method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step 1), the preset time interval is 100ms;
in the step 2), the stack modules are subjected to exhaust sequencing again every 5 s;
each pile module comprises at least one single cell.
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| CN113851676A (en) | 2021-12-28 |
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