CN112708612A - 用于酶电催化还原的氧化还原酶电极及其制备方法和其酶电反应器 - Google Patents
用于酶电催化还原的氧化还原酶电极及其制备方法和其酶电反应器 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及用于酶电催化还原的氧化还原酶电极及其制备方法和其酶电反应器。与酶电极检测检测限低、灵敏度高的要求相比,酶电催化要求能耐受高浓度底物、酶稳定性好,催化效率高。本发明的辅酶与酶共固定化在电极上,可实现辅酶原位再生,提高反应效率,可实现手性化合物的酶电催化高效制备,具有良好的应用前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物催化技术领域,尤其涉及一种高效酶生物电催化反应器及其还原制备手性化合物的方法和应用。
背景技术
生物电催化合成无副产物、选择性高,以其高效和绿色环保等优势受到关注。酶通过与外界环境进行双向电子传递和能量代谢,可以实现多种电催化过程。目前生物电催化主要集中于微生物电合成系统,酶电催化还原较少且集中于多酶耦联电催化体系催化固定化CO2以及固氮酶等领域。而对高附加值的手性化合物,如非天然手性氨基酸、手性醇、手性醇等的不对称电还原研究较少。与酶电极检测检测限低灵敏度高的要求相比,酶电催化要求能耐受高浓度底物、酶稳定性好,催化效率高,侧重于催化制备,且要求辅酶能够高效再生。但目前辅依赖NAD(P)H的脱氢酶生物电催化不对称还原存在的瓶颈问题除了辅酶再生困难,还包括酶在电极表面稳定性差、酶负载量有限以及难以规模化放大等问题。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足之处,提供了氧化还原酶电反应器及其制备方法和应用。本发明构建得到一种新型的氧化还原酶电反应器,为生物分子的电化学反应提供了一个良好的微环境,酶电催化还原效率高、稳定性好,可用于生物电催化制备手性药物中间体。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案之一是:
一种用于酶电催化还原的氧化还原酶电极,包括基底电极、电子传导体、电子中介体、酶和辅酶;所述电子传导体包括氧化石墨烯(GO)、还原氧化石墨烯(rGO)、碳纳米管(MWNT)、聚多巴胺(PDA)、纳米金、MOF、聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)或仿生矿化TiO2材料中的至少两种的组合;所述辅酶包括离子型辅酶NADH-IL或PEI-Fc-NADH中的至少一种;所述辅酶与酶共同固定于所述酶电极。
其中,所述的酶为依赖NADH或依赖NADPH的脱氢酶,优选包括氨基酸脱氢酶、胺脱氢酶、醇脱氢酶或酮还原酶中的至少一种。
其中,所述基底电极包括碳纸电极(CP)、玻碳电极(GCE)、或石墨电极等,优选比表面积较大的基底电极,如碳纸电极和热解石墨电极。
其中,所述电子中介体包括5-甲基吩嗪硫酸甲酯、甲苯胺蓝、麦尔多拉蓝或亚甲基蓝中的至少一种。
其中,所述电子传导体可以是以下组合:所述电子传导体包括GO和MOF;或所述电子传导体包括碳纳米管、PDA和纳米金;或所述电子传导体包括rGO、PDA和纳米金;或所述电子传导体包括rGO、PEI和仿生矿化TiO2材料。
本发明的氧化还原酶电极中,辅酶与酶共固定化在电极上可实现辅酶原位再生,提高催化效率。离子液体可作传统玻碳电极的改性剂和粘合剂,添加ILs的石墨烯可解决其在电极表面难以直接修饰的问题,且IL较高的导电性加速了辅酶NAD(P)H与电极之间的电子转移。碳纸等具有大的比表面积的基底电极增加了酶在电极表面的负载量。氧化还原媒介有机小分子在电化学活性蛋白与无机材料电极之间的“分子桥梁”作用,加速了电子穿梭,改进了电极材料的生物相容性。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案之二是:
一种氧化还原酶电极的制备方法,将酶与电子传导体的固定化混合物与电子中介体、辅酶复合于所述基底电极表面,得到所述氧化还原酶电极。
具体地,所述酶与电子传导体的固定化混合物的制备方法包括:
所述电子传导体包括GO和MOF时,在氧化石墨烯溶液中加入MOF的金属离子,进而加入0.1~100mg/mL的所述酶,0~50℃下搅拌下加入MOF的配体,进行反应获得金属-有机框架(MOF)并原位固定化酶,得到所述酶与电子传导体的固定化混合物;进一步地,所述原位固定化酶的反应可在基底电极上进行;或,
所述电子传导体包括碳纳米管、PDA和纳米金时,在碳纳米管溶液中加入聚多巴胺,得到碳纳米管-聚多巴胺的溶液;将碳纳米管-聚多巴胺的溶液与纳米金前体反应制得含有纳米金的碳纳米管-聚多巴胺的溶液,另将所述酶与含有纳米金的碳纳米管-聚多巴胺的溶液混合,得到所述酶与电子传导体的固定化混合物;或,
所述电子传导体包括rGO、PDA和纳米金时,在rGO溶液中加入DA和所述酶,与纳米金前体反应并固定化酶,得到所述酶与电子传导体的固定化混合物;或,
所述电子传导体包括rGO、PEI和仿生矿化TiO2材料时,将所述酶配位固定在还原氧化石墨烯-聚乙烯亚胺(rGO-PEI)上,随后加入Ti-BALDH,通过PEI诱导TiO2仿生矿化以固定化酶,得到所述酶与电子传导体的固定化混合物。进一步地,将所述酶配位固定在rGO-PEI上,随后加入Ti-BALDH与电子中介体、辅酶,通过PEI诱导TiO2仿生矿化以同时固定化酶和辅酶。所述仿生矿化以固定化酶或者同时固定化酶和辅酶的过程可在基底电极上进行。
进一步地,所述金属-有机框架(MOF)的配体包括均苯三甲酸(H3BTC;benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylic acid),2,3,6,7,10,11-六氨基三苯六盐酸盐(HITP),2,3,6,7,10,11-六羟基三苯(HHTP),六氨基苯(3盐酸盐)(HAB),Nu-1006或Nu-1007中的一种;所述金属离子包括Co2+、Cu2+、Zn2+、Ni2+或Zr4+(CoCl2、CuCl2、ZnCl2、NiCl2、ZrCl4等)中的至少一种。形成的MOF包括Ni3(HITP)2,Co-HAB,Cu3(HHTP)2,Ni-CAT等。
进一步地,所述离子型辅酶NADH-IL或者高分子修饰的辅酶(PEI-Fc-NADH)辅酶与电子中介体形成凝胶,所述酶与电子传导体的固定化混合物与所述凝胶复合于所述基底电极表面,实现所述脱氢酶、辅酶和电子中介体在电极表面共固定,辅酶原位再生,提高催化效率。
进一步地,所述电子中介体、辅酶(NADH-IL或PEI-Fc-NADH)与离子液体(用于溶解NADH-IL或PEI-Fc-NADH)形成所述凝胶;所述离子液体包括1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐、或N,N'-(亚甲基)双(1-(3-乙烯基咪唑))溴中的至少一种。
进一步地,所述PEI-Fc-NADH(高分子共价连接的辅酶)的制备方法包括:分别配制0.1~0.7mmol/mL和0.05~0.2mmol/mL的聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)和二茂铁甲醛(Fc)的乙醇溶液,将Fc的乙醇溶液在1~3h内逐滴加到PEI的乙醇溶液中,继续搅拌反应1~3h。加入终浓度为0.1~1.0mmol/mL硼氢化钠,继续反应1~4h。向残留物中加入1~10mL蒸馏水,用蒸馏水透析12h,得到PEI-Fc。将10~100mmol丁二酸酐溶于6~30mL二甲亚砜,将0.0745~0.5g NAD+加入到丁二酸酐的DMSO溶液中,于室温下放置反应12h。向该混合溶液中加入10~30mL丙酮,离心后得到沉淀,加入含有1~3mmol EDC的2~5mL pH=4~6的磷酸缓冲溶液,EDC活化羟基1~4h。活化完毕后向上述溶液中加入5~10mL PEI-Fc(pH=4~6),调节pH=4.7,0~4℃反应12~24h。反应完毕,用蒸馏水透析12h,获得PEI-Fc-NADH。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案之三是:
一种用于酶电催化还原的酶电反应器,所述酶电反应器采用三电极体系,以上述的氧化还原酶电极为工作电极;参比电极选自饱和甘汞电极、氢电极、银|氯化银电极或汞|氧化汞电极;对电极为铂丝电极或碳电极。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案之四是:
一种利用酶电反应器进行催化还原反应的方法,以循环伏安法和/或计时电流法的方式进行反应;所述循环伏安法的电位扫描速率为1~500mV/s;在加入1~20mg辅酶NADH的缓冲液中进行,反应前通入N2,所述反应底物为氨基酸脱氢酶的底物酮酸、胺脱氢酶的底物酮以及醇脱氢酶的底物酮;所述底物的浓度范围为5mM~500mM;所述缓冲液为磷酸盐缓冲液、硼酸盐缓冲液、柠檬酸盐缓冲液、碳酸盐缓冲液、Tris-HCl缓冲液等的至少一种。
具体地,基于一次性塑料试管设计1.5~100mL设计生物电催化微反应器;设计反应器三电极体系,固定有酶和凝胶的碳纸(5×5mm~5×5cm)作为工作电极,对电极为铂丝电极,Ag/AgCl为参比电极。在加入NADH-IL(NADH-离子液体)的0.5~100mL磷酸缓冲液(1~500mM、pH 5~13)中进行反应,反应之前通入N2,测试过程中采用循环伏安法,其中空白对照未滴加底物。循环伏安测试的扫描速率为50mV/s,扫描范围-1V~1V,于pH为7.0的缓冲溶液中进行,计时安培电流测试的时间为30~1800s,每间隔30s进行一次底物加样。调控电流密度0.1~1.5mA/cm2计算辅酶再生的总转化数(TTN),并优化电化学再生条件。电压为1~200mV/s,扫描范围-1V~1V,于pH为6.0~12.0的缓冲溶液中进行,计时安培电流测试的时间为30~1800s,1200s,进行一次底物加样为1mM~500mM。调控电流密度0.1~1.5mA/cm2。
本发明所涉及的设备、试剂、工艺、参数等,除有特别说明外,均为常规设备、试剂、工艺、参数等,不再作实施例。
本发明所列举的所有范围包括该范围内的所有点值。
本发明所述“大约”、“约”或“左右”等指的是所述范围或数值的±20%范围内。
本发明中,除有特别说明或在领域内有通用含义外,%均为质量百分比,比例均为质量比。
本发明中,所述“室温”即常规环境温度,可以为10~30℃。
本发明的有益效果如下:
1.本发明选用碳纸、氧化石墨烯(GO)、还原氧化石墨烯(rGO)、碳纳米管(CNT)等碳纳米材料及导电高分子、离子液体等作为电子传递材料进行酶电极制备,以优越的电子性能、可化学修饰性能和良好的生物相容性等实现酶的稳定固定化以及高效电子传递。利用生物相容性良好的功能性电极材料定向固定化酶,实现辅酶原位再生、增加酶电极的负载量,提高酶的稳定性,具有制作方法简单、成本低廉,稳定性和重复性好的优点。
2.氨基酸脱氢酶(AaDH)、醇脱氢酶和胺脱氢酶等是生物代谢途径中的重要酶类。AaDH利用NH3作为氨基供体催化酮酸不对称还原胺化反应,可合成系列手性天然氨基酸、非天然氨基酸和手性胺等,作为医药等精细化学品的重要手性砌块。本发明的酶电反应器可成功催化多种脱氢酶不对称电还原,高效率地得到多种手性化合物,在手性药物中间体的制备等领域有良好的应用前景。
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
图1为本发明实施例1中的反应器结构示意图(左)与实际反应器照片(右)。
图2为本发明实施例1中碳纸固定酶的图片。
图3为本发明实施例1中得到的固定化酶CP/Cu3(BTC)2/GO-AaDH的电镜图。
图4为本发明实施例1中的辅酶再生曲线。
图5为本发明实施例3中的酶电催化反应器的照片。
图6为本发明实施例3中的MWNTs-PDA的SEM表征。
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例对本发明做详细说明。
实施例1
(1)氨基酸脱氢酶粗酶制备:根据如SEQ ID No.1所示的氨基酸脱氢酶(AaDH)原始序列,由商业化公司(上海生物工程有限公司)采用PCR法合成氨基酸脱氢酶的基因序列,用于与载体pET28a连接,构建质粒。
PCR产物(氨基酸脱氢酶的基因序列)与载体pET28a的连接:使用NdeI与XhoI将PCR产物及载体pET28a双酶切,经纯化后在T4 DNA Ligase作用下4℃过夜反应,得到转化用质粒。采用Competent Cel Preparation Kit试剂盒完成制备感受态细胞。向感受态细胞中加入10ng的转化用质粒,轻轻混匀后冰上放置30分钟,42℃水浴放置45秒,立即于冰上放置1~2分钟。加入37℃预温的LB培养基,37℃震荡培养1小时,取适量菌液涂带有卡那霉素抗性的LB固体平板,37℃过夜培养后挑去单菌落,即为重组大肠杆菌(E.coli BL21(DE3)/pET28a)。
重组大肠杆菌E.coli BL21(DE3)/pET28a的培养:以1%的接种量,将菌种接入200mL LB培养基中。LB培养基的组成为10.0g/L胰蛋白胨,5.0g/L酵母粉,10g/L NaCl。培养条件为:起始pH 7.0,装液量体积分数为10%,培养温度37℃,摇床转速200rpm,培养时间6小时。加入诱导剂IPTG,使其终浓度为10mg/mL,继续在30℃、200rpm条件下培养12h。
粗酶液的制备:培养结束获得的发酵液,在冷冻离心机中离心(4℃,8000rpm,15min)获得细胞,弃上清液,沉淀用Tris-HCl缓冲液(pH 7.5)重悬,充分洗涤后离心,重复操作3次获得细胞。利用超声破碎仪对细胞液进行处理,细胞破碎仪探头置于液面下1cm,破碎条件为超声2秒,间隔4秒,超声40次,功率200W。然后4℃、12,000rpm离心15min去除不溶性细胞碎片,上清即为氨基酸脱氢酶粗酶液。
(2)氨基酸脱氢酶纯酶制备:采用GE公司的His Trap镍柱对氨基酸脱氢酶粗酶液进行分离纯化,并用PALL公司的10K的超滤离心管进行超滤除盐。所述的纯化过程采用的纯化柱为能够特异性纯化带有His-tagged标签的蛋白质的HisTrap HP柱,其步骤包括平衡、上样、平衡、洗脱、柱子再生;收集洗脱的部分并利用超滤离心管进行除盐;除盐后获得的液体即为氨基酸脱氢酶纯酶(带有His-tag的AaDH)液。并向其中加入以Tris-HCl(0.05M,pH7.0)缓冲液,制备成含有氨基酸脱氢酶的水溶液,并根据需要调节其中的氨基酸脱氢酶浓度为0.05~50mg/mL备用。
(3)离子型辅酶NADH-IL的合成:设计合成了以烟酰胺辅酶NADH为阴离子、不同咪唑为阳离子的离子液体形式的离子型辅酶。加入N-甲基咪唑(33mL,0.31M)和氯代正丁烷(20mL,0.25M),其摩尔比大约为1.2:1,氮气保护、磁力搅拌条件下于90℃,回流24h制备氯化1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑,提纯。氯化1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑离子液体溶于水中,缓慢通过装有717型阴离子交换树脂的柱子(717型阴离子交换树脂使用前阴离子为Cl-),加入等体积等摩尔的NADH水溶液,室温搅拌48h,提纯真空干燥获得离子型辅酶NADH-IL。NADH-IL核磁表征:1H NMR(400Hz,D2O)δ=0.86(t,3H),1.27(m,2H),1.75(m,2H),3.84(s,3H),4.12(t,2H),4.21_4.71(m,15H),5.92(d,1H),5.97(d,1H),7.26(s,1H),7.31(s,1H),8.05(s,1H),8.12(m,1H),8.34(s,1H),8.55(s,1H),8.73(s,1H),8.76(s,1H),9.09(d,1H),9.24(s,1H)。
(4)碳布固定化酶:采用日本东丽公司燃料电池专用碳纸TGP-H-060作为载体。Hummer法制备氧化石墨烯,超声分散3h后得到分散均匀的GO溶液。分别配制50mM,15mM的Cu(NO3)2·3H2O水溶液和25mM,8mM的H3BTC乙醇溶液。混合GO溶液、Cu(NO3)2水溶液和H3BTC乙醇溶液并向其中加入步骤(2)得到的具有His-tag的AaDH溶液(具体例如为:在GO溶液中加入Cu(NO3)2水溶液,并向其中加入步骤(2)得到的具有His-tag的AaDH溶液,最后加入配体H3BTC乙醇溶液),将碳纸TGP-H-060浸入上述混合的溶液,利用静电作用和金属配位驱动原位组装获得CP/Cu3(BTC)2/GO-AaDH,如图3;取包含亚甲基绿、NADH-IL和[EMIM]BF4的凝胶滴在上述CP/Cu3(BTC)2/GO-AaDH,表面,4℃下晾干,得到工作修饰电极,如图2。Cu3(BTC)2颗粒吸附在GO片上具有优异的粘附性,进而固定在碳纸上制备三维电极材料。负载量为每1g复合材料负载20mg酶。
(5)生物电催化反应器设计与性能表征:基于一次性塑料试管设计50mL设计生物电催化微反应器。设计反应器三电极体系,步骤(4)制得的固定有酶和凝胶的碳纸(5×5cm)作为工作电极(WE),对电极(CE)为铂丝电极,Ag/AgCl为参比电极(RE),如图1。在加入NADH-IL的10mL磷酸缓冲液(0.02mM、pH 7.4)中进行反应,反应之前通入N2,测试过程中采用循环伏安法,其中空白对照未滴加底物。循环伏安测试的扫描速率为50mV/s,扫描范围-1V~1V,于pH为8.0的缓冲溶液中进行,底物苯丙酮酸加入浓度为100mM。调控电流密度0.8mA/cm2,反应8h,获得L-苯丙氨酸浓度为85mM。所得酶生物电反应器的辅酶再生性能测试如图4所示。
实施例2
(1)~(2)如实施例1。
(3)高分子共价连接的辅酶(PEI-Fc-NADH)的制备:分别配制0.7mmol/mL和0.2mmol/mL的聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)和二茂铁甲醛(Fc)的乙醇溶液,将Fc的乙醇溶液在3h内逐滴加到PEI的乙醇溶液中,继续搅拌反应3h。加入终浓度为1.0mmol/mL硼氢化钠,继续反应4h。固液分离,向残留物中加入10mL蒸馏水,用蒸馏水透析12h,得到PEI-Fc。将100mmol丁二酸酐溶于30mL二甲亚砜,将0.5g NAD+加入到丁二酸酐的DMSO溶液中,于室温下放置反应12h。向该混合溶液中加入30mL丙酮,离心后得到沉淀,加入含有3mmol EDC的5mL pH=6的磷酸缓冲溶液,EDC活化羟基4h。活化完毕后向上述溶液中加入10mL PEI-Fc(pH=6),调节pH=4.7,4℃反应24h。反应完毕,用蒸馏水透析12h,获得PEI-Fc-NADH。
(4)碳布固定化酶:采用日本东丽公司燃料电池专用碳纸TGP-H-060作为载体。Hummer法制备氧化石墨烯,超声分散3h后得到分散均匀的GO溶液。分别配制50mM,15mM的Cu(NO3)2·3H2O水溶液和25mM,8mM的H3BTC乙醇溶液。在GO溶液中加入Cu(NO3)2水溶液并向其中加入步骤(2)得到的具有His-tag的AaDH溶液,最后加入配体H3BTC乙醇溶液;将碳纸TGP-H-060浸入上述混合的溶液,利用静电作用和金属配位驱动原位组装获得CP/Cu3(BTC)2/GO-AaDH;将包含亚甲基绿、PEI-Fc-NADH和[EMIM]BF4的凝胶滴在CP/Cu3(BTC)2/GO-AaDH表面,4℃下晾干,得到工作修饰电极。
(5)生物电催化反应器设计与性能表征:基于一次性塑料试管设计50mL设计生物电催化微反应器。设计反应器三电极体系,步骤(4)制得的固定有酶和PEI-Fc-NADH的碳纸(5×5cm)作为工作电极,对电极为铂丝电极,Ag/AgCl为参比电极。在加入NADH-IL的10mL磷酸缓冲液(0.02mM、pH 7.4)中进行反应,反应之前通入N2,测试过程中采用循环伏安法,其中空白对照未滴加底物。循环伏安测试的扫描速率为50mV/s,扫描范围-1V~1V,于pH为8.0的缓冲溶液中进行,底物苯丙酮酸加入浓度为100mM。调控电流密度0.8mA/cm2,反应8h,获得L-苯丙氨酸浓度为85mM。
实施例3
(1)胺脱氢酶粗酶制备:根据胺脱氢酶原始序列,由商业化公司(上海生物工程有限公司)采用PCR法合成如SEQ ID NO.2所示的胺脱氢酶的基因序列,用于与载体pET28a连接,构建质粒。
PCR产物(胺脱氢酶的基因序列)与载体pET28a的连接:使用NdeI与XhoI将PCR产物及载体pET28a双酶切,经纯化后在T4 DNA ligase作用下4℃过夜反应,得到转化用质粒。采用Competent Cell Preparation Kit试剂盒完成制备感受态细胞。向感受态细胞中加入10ng的转化用质粒,轻轻混匀后冰上放置30分钟,42℃水浴放置45秒,立即于冰上放置1~2分钟。加入37℃预温的LB培养基,37℃震荡培养1小时,取适量菌液涂带有卡那霉素抗性的LB固体平板,37℃过夜培养后挑去单菌落,即为重组大肠杆菌(E.coli BL21(DE3)/pET28a)。
重组大肠杆菌E.coli BL21(DE3)/pET28a的培养:以1%的接种量,将菌种接入200mL LB培养基中。LB培养基的组成为10.0g/L胰蛋白胨,5.0g/L酵母粉,10g/L NaCl。培养条件为:起始pH 7.0,装液量体积分数为10%,培养温度37℃,摇床转速200rpm,培养时间6小时。加入诱导剂IPTG,使其终浓度为10mg/mL,继续在30℃、200rpm条件下培养2小时。
粗酶液的制备:培养结束获得的发酵液,在冷冻离心机中离心(4℃,8000rpm,15min)获得细胞,弃上清液,沉淀用Tris-HCl缓冲液(pH 7.5)重悬,充分洗涤后离心,重复操作3次获得细胞。利用超声破碎仪对细胞液进行处理,细胞破碎仪探头置于液面下1cm,破碎条件为超声2秒,间隔4秒,超声40次,功率200W。然后4℃、12,000rpm离心15min去除不溶性细胞碎片,上清即为胺脱氢酶粗酶液。
(2)胺脱氢酶纯酶制备:采用GE公司的His Trap镍柱对胺脱氢酶粗酶液进行分离纯化,并用PALL公司的10K的超滤离心管进行超滤除盐。所述的纯化过程采用的纯化柱为能够特异性纯化带有His-tagged标签的蛋白质的HisTrap HP柱,其步骤包括平衡、上样、平衡、洗脱、柱子再生;收集洗脱的部分并利用超滤离心管进行除盐;除盐后获得的液体即为胺脱氢酶纯酶液体。并向其中加入以Tris-HCl(0.05M,pH 7.0)缓冲液,制备成含有胺脱氢酶的胺脱氢酶溶液,并根据需要调节其中的胺脱氢酶浓度为0.05~50mg/mL备用。
(3)固定化酶材料的制备:将20mg多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)(南京吉仓纳米科技有限公司,多壁碳纳米管JCMT-95-11-10)加入20mL水超声分散3h后得到分散均匀的1mg/mLMWNTs溶液,在搅拌下,加入40mg PDA,室温下搅拌12h经过离心、重悬,制备成1mg/mL的MWNTs-PDA溶液,MWNTs-PDA的SEM图如图6。MWNTs-PDA溶液与NaAuCl4溶液混合反应得到含有AuNPs的MWNTs-PDA溶液。
(4)MWNTs-PDA-AuNPs-AmDH制备:将步骤(2)中得到的酶浓度为5mg/mL的胺脱氢酶溶液在4℃下以2:1:1的比例与含有AuNPs的MWNTs-PDA溶液混合,8000rpm离心弃上清液,沉淀为胺脱氢酶固定化混合物MWNTs-PDA-AuNPs-AmDH;然后将混合物以8000rpm下离心15分钟,冲洗,重悬于0.05M的pH 9.0的氯化铵-氨水缓冲液中,制备含1mg/mL氨基酸脱氢酶的MWNTs-PDA-AuNPs-AmDH分散液。
(5)取步骤(4)中获得的10μL MWNTs-PDA-AuNPs-AmDH分散液和包含亚甲基绿、NADH-IL和[BMIM]Cl的凝胶滴在碳纸表面,4℃下晾干,得到工作电极,记作MWNTs-PDA-AuNPs-AmDH-CP。酶的负载量为每1g复合材料负载10mg酶。
(6)生物电催化反应器设计与性能表征:步骤(5)得到的胺脱氢酶电极MWNTs-PDA-AuNPs-AmDH-CP为工作电极,铂电极为对电极,甘汞电极为参比电极,室温下进行电化学实验。修饰电极MWNTs-PDA-AuNPs-AmDH-CP的测试均在加入电子中介体甲苯胺蓝、20mg辅酶NADH的10mL磷酸缓冲液(0.02M、pH 7.0)中进行,测试之前通入N2,测试过程中采用循环伏安法,其中空白对照未滴加底物氨基酸。循环伏安测试的扫描速率为100mV/s,扫描范围-1.0V~1.0V,在pH为7.0的缓冲溶液中进行,底物α-酮戊二酸加入浓度为200mM,调控电流密度1.2mA/cm2,反应20h,获得L-谷氨酸浓度为185mM。
实施例4
(1)芳香醇脱氢酶制备:根据如SEQ ID NO.3所示的芳香醇脱氢酶原始序列,由商业化公司(上海生物工程有限公司)采用PCR法合成芳香醇脱氢酶的基因序列,用于与载体pET28a连接,构建质粒。PCR产物与载体pET28a的连接:使用NdeI与XhoI将PCR产物及载体pET28a双酶切,经纯化后在T4 DNA Ligase作用下4℃过夜反应,得到转化用质粒。采用Competent Cel Preparation Kit试剂盒完成制备感受态细胞。向感受态细胞中加入10ng的转化用质粒,轻轻混匀后冰上放置30分钟,42℃水浴放置45秒,立即于冰上放置1~2分钟。加入37℃预温的LB培养基,37℃震荡培养1小时,取适量菌液涂带有卡那霉素抗性的LB固体平板,37℃过夜培养后挑去单菌落,即为重组大肠杆菌(E.coli BL21(DE3)/pET28a)。
重组大肠杆菌E.coli BL21(DE3)/pET28a的培养:以1%的接种量,将菌种接入200mL LB培养基中。LB培养基的组成为10.0g/L胰蛋白胨,5.0g/L酵母粉,10g/L NaCl。培养条件为:起始pH 7.0,装液量体积分数为10%,培养温度37℃,摇床转速200rpm,培养时间6小时。加入诱导剂IPTG,使其终浓度为10mg/mL,继续在30℃、200rpm条件下培养12h。
粗酶液的制备:培养结束获得的发酵液,在冷冻离心机中离心(4℃,8000rpm,15min)获得细胞,弃上清液,沉淀用Tris-HCl缓冲液(pH 7.5)重悬,充分洗涤后离心,重复操作3次获得细胞。利用超声破碎仪对细胞液进行处理,细胞破碎仪探头置于液面下1cm,破碎条件为超声2秒,间隔4秒,超声40次,功率200W。然后4℃、12,000rpm离心15min去除不溶性细胞碎片,上清即为芳香醇脱氢酶粗酶液。
(2)芳香醇脱氢酶纯酶制备:采用GE公司的His Trap镍柱对芳香醇脱氢酶进行分离纯化,并用PALL公司的10K的超滤离心管进行超滤除盐。所述的纯化过程采用的纯化柱为能够特异性纯化带有His-tagged标签的蛋白质的HisTrap HP柱,其步骤包括平衡、上样、平衡、洗脱、柱子再生;收集洗脱的部分并利用超滤离心管进行除盐;除盐后获得的液体即为芳香醇脱氢酶纯(带有His-tag的ArylDH)酶液。并向其中加入以Tris-HCl(0.05M,pH 7.0)缓冲液,制备成含有芳香醇脱氢酶的水溶液,并根据需要调节其中的芳香醇脱氢酶浓度为0.05~50mg/mL备用。
(3)离子型辅酶NADH-IL的合成:如实施例1的步骤(3)。
(4)碳布固定化酶:采用日本东丽公司燃料电池专用碳纸碳布TGP-H-060作为载体。Hummer法制备氧化石墨烯,超声分散3h后得到分散均匀的GO溶液。分别配制50mM,15mM的Zn(NO3)2·3H2O水溶液和25mM,8mM的H3BTC乙醇溶液。在GO溶液中加入Zn(NO3)2水溶液并向其中加入步骤(2)得到的具有His-tag的芳香醇脱氢酶(ArylDH)溶液,最后加入配体H3BTC乙醇溶液;将碳纸TGP-H-060浸入上述混合的溶液,利用静电作用和金属配位驱动原位组装获得CP/Zn3(BTC)2/GO-ArylDH,取10μL包含亚甲基绿、NADH-IL和[EMIM]BF4的凝胶滴在CP/Zn3(BTC)2/GO-ArylDH表面,4℃下晾干,得到工作修饰电极。Zn3(BTC)2颗粒吸附在GO片上具有优异的粘附性,进而固定在碳纸上制备三维电极材料。负载量为每1g复合材料负载30mg酶。
(5)生物电催化反应:基于一次性塑料试管设计容量为100mL的生物电催化微反应器。设计反应器三电极体系,步骤(4)制得的固定有酶和凝胶的碳纸(3×3cm)做为工作电极,对电极为石墨电极,Ag/AgCl为参比电极。在加入NADH-IL的10mL磷酸缓冲液(0.02mM、pH7.4)中进行反应,反应之前通入N2,测试过程中采用循环伏安法,其中空白对照未滴加底物。循环伏安测试的扫描速率为50mV/s,扫描范围-0.8V~0.8V,于pH为7.5的缓冲溶液中进行,计时安培电流测试的时间为1200s,苯乙酮加入浓度为500mM。调控电流密度2.5mA/cm2,40度反应20h,获得产物苯乙醇为450mM。
实施例5
(1)苹果酸脱氢酶粗酶制备:根据如SEQ ID NO.4的苹果酸脱氢酶原始序列,由商业化公司(上海生物工程有限公司)采用PCR法合成苹果酸脱氢酶的基因序列,用于与载体pET28a连接,构建质粒。
PCR产物(苹果酸脱氢酶的基因序列)与载体pET28a的连接:使用NdeI与XhoI将PCR产物及载体pET28a双酶切,经纯化后在T4 DNA ligase作用下4℃过夜反应,得到转化用质粒。采用Competent Cell Preparation Kit试剂盒完成制备感受态细胞。向感受态细胞中加入10ng的转化用质粒,轻轻混匀后冰上放置30分钟,42℃水浴放置45秒,立即于冰上放置1~2分钟。加入37℃预温的LB培养基,37℃震荡培养1小时,取适量菌液涂带有卡那霉素抗性的LB固体平板,37℃过夜培养后挑去单菌落,即为重组大肠杆菌(E.coli BL21(DE3)/pET28a)。
重组大肠杆菌E.coli BL21(DE3)/pET28a的培养:以1%的接种量,将菌种接入200mL LB培养基中。LB培养基的组成为10.0g/L胰蛋白胨,5.0g/L酵母粉,10g/L NaCl。培养条件为:起始pH 7.0,装液量体积分数为10%,培养温度37℃,摇床转速200rpm,培养时间6小时。加入诱导剂IPTG,使其终浓度为10mg/mL,继续在30℃、200rpm条件下培养2小时。
粗酶液的制备:培养结束获得的发酵液,在冷冻离心机中离心(4℃,8000rpm,15min)获得细胞,弃上清液,沉淀用Tris-HCl缓冲液(pH 7.5)重悬,充分洗涤后离心,重复操作3次获得细胞。利用超声破碎仪对细胞液进行处理,细胞破碎仪探头置于液面下1cm,破碎条件为超声2秒,间隔4秒,超声40次,功率200W。然后4℃、12,000rpm离心15min去除不溶性细胞碎片,上清即为苹果酸脱氢酶粗酶液。
(2)苹果酸脱氢酶纯酶制备:采用GE公司的His Trap镍柱对苹果酸脱氢酶粗酶液进行分离纯化,并用PALL公司的10K的超滤离心管进行超滤除盐。所述的纯化过程采用的纯化柱为能够特异性纯化带有His-tagged标签的蛋白质的HisTrap HP柱,其步骤包括平衡、上样、平衡、洗脱、柱子再生;收集洗脱的部分并利用超滤离心管进行除盐;除盐后获得的液体即为苹果酸脱氢酶纯酶液体。并向其中加入以Tris-HCl(0.05M,pH 7.0)缓冲液,制备成含有苹果酸脱氢酶的苹果酸脱氢酶溶液,并根据需要调节其中的苹果酸脱氢酶浓度为0.05~50mg/mL备用。
(3)酶电极修饰材料碳纳米管MWNTs-PDA的制备:30mg多壁碳纳米管(MWNTs)(南京吉仓纳米科技有限公司,多壁碳纳米管JCMT-95-11-10)加入30mL水超声分散3h后得到分散均匀的1mg/mL MWNTs溶液,在搅拌下,加入40mg PDA,室温下搅拌12h经过离心、重悬,制备成1mg/mL的MWNTs-PDA溶液,MWNTs-PDA的SEM图参照图6。MWNTs-PDA溶液与NaAuCl4溶液混合反应得到含有AuNPs的MWNTs-PDA溶液。
(4)MWNTs-PDA-AuNPs-MDH制备:将步骤(2)中得到的酶浓度为5mg/mL的苹果酸脱氢酶溶液在4℃下以2:1:1的比例与含有AuNPs的MWNTs-PDA溶液混合,8000rpm离心弃上清液,沉淀为苹果酸脱氢酶固定化混合物MWNTs-PDA-AuNPs-MDH;然后将混合物以8000rpm下离心15分钟,冲洗,重悬于0.08M的pH 9.0的氨水-氯化铵缓冲液中,制备含1mg/mL苹果酸脱氢酶的MWNTs-PDA-AuNPs-MDH分散液。
(5)取步骤(4)中获得的10μL MWNTs-PDA-AuNPs-MDH分散液和包含亚甲基绿、NADH-IL和[BMIM]Cl的凝胶滴在玻碳电极(GCE)表面,4℃下晾干,得到修饰电极,记作MWNTs-PDA-AuNPs-MDH-GCE。作为对照,用滴涂法制备MWNTs修饰电极,记作MWNTs-GCE。
(6)生物电催化反应:基于玻璃生物电催化微反应器,设计反应器三电极体系,步骤(5)得到的固定有酶的GCE作为工作电极,对电极为石墨电极,Ag/AgCl为参比电极。在加入NADH-IL的10mL磷酸缓冲液(0.02mM、pH 7.4)中进行反应,反应之前通入N2,测试过程中采用循环伏安法,其中空白对照未滴加底物。循环伏安测试的扫描速率为50mV/s,扫描范围-0.8V~0.8V,于pH为9.0的缓冲溶液中进行,计时安培电流测试的时间为1200s,草酰乙酸加入浓度为250mM。调控电流密度1.5mA/cm2,10摄氏度反应5h,L-苹果酸的浓度为220mM。
实施例6
(1)~(2)如实施例5。
(3)固定化酶CP-rGO-PDA-AuNPs-MDH的制备:Hummer法制备氧化石墨烯,超声分散3h后得到分散均匀的GO溶液。在1mg/mL GO加入抗坏血酸0.5g还原12h,12000rpm离心,除去上清液,加入10mL超纯水洗涤一次,再离心,再加10mL的0.1M柠檬酸缓冲溶液(pH 7.0)制备成1mg/mL的rGO溶液。在含10mL 1mg/mL的rGO溶液中加入20mg多巴胺(DA)和5mL 2mg/mLMDH,室温下缓慢搅拌下加入3.0mM NaAuCl4进行化学氧化聚合并固定化苹果酸脱氢酶,反应5小时后,得到的分散液进行10000rpm离心处理,弃上清液,将沉淀物(即苹果酸脱氢酶固定化混合物rGO-PDA-AuNPs-MDH)分散到10mL PBS中。
(4)取步骤(3)中获得的10μL rGO-PDA-AuNPs-MDH分散液和包含亚甲基绿、NADH-IL和[BMIM]Cl的凝胶滴在碳纸表面,4℃下晾干,得到修饰电极,记作CP-rGO-PDA-AuNPs-MDH。
(5)酶电反应器催化反应:基于玻璃生物电催化微反应器,设计反应器三电极体系,步骤(4)得到的固定有酶和多功能凝胶的碳纸CP-rGO-PDA-AuNPs-MDH(2×2cm)作为工作电极,对电极为石墨电极,Ag/AgCl为参比电极。在加入NADH-IL的10mL磷酸缓冲液(0.02mM、pH 7.4)中进行反应,反应之前通入N2,测试过程中采用循环伏安法,其中空白对照未滴加底物。循环伏安测试的扫描速率为40mV/s,扫描范围-0.8V~0.8V,于pH为9.5的缓冲溶液中进行,计时安培电流测试的时间为1200s,草酰乙酸加入浓度为250mM。调控电流密度1.5mA/cm2,10摄氏度反应5h,L-苹果酸的浓度为120mM。
实施例7
(1)香叶醇脱氢酶粗酶制备:根据如SEQ ID NO.5所示的香叶醇脱氢酶原始序列,由商业化公司(上海生物工程有限公司)采用PCR法合成香叶醇脱氢酶的基因序列,用于与载体pET28a连接,构建质粒。
PCR产物(香叶醇脱氢酶的基因序列)与载体pET28a的连接:使用NdeI与XhoI将PCR产物及载体pET28a双酶切,经纯化后在T4 DNA ligase作用下4℃过夜反应,得到转化用质粒。采用Competent Cell Preparation Kit试剂盒完成制备感受态细胞。向感受态细胞中加入10ng的转化用质粒,轻轻混匀后冰上放置30分钟,42℃水浴放置45秒,立即于冰上放置1~2分钟。加入37℃预温的LB培养基,37℃震荡培养1小时,取适量菌液涂带有卡那霉素抗性的LB固体平板,37℃过夜培养后挑去单菌落,即为重组大肠杆菌(E.coli BL21(DE3)/pET28a)。
重组大肠杆菌E.coli BL21(DE3)/pET28a的培养:以1%的接种量,将菌种接入200mL LB培养基中。LB培养基的组成为10.0g/L胰蛋白胨,5.0g/L酵母粉,10g/L NaCl。培养条件为:起始pH 7.0,装液量体积分数为10%,培养温度37℃,摇床转速200rpm,培养时间6小时。加入诱导剂IPTG,使其终浓度为10mg/mL,继续在30℃、200rpm条件下培养2小时。
粗酶液的制备:培养结束获得的发酵液,在冷冻离心机中离心(4℃,8000rpm,15min)获得细胞,弃上清液,沉淀用Tris-HCl缓冲液(pH 7.5)重悬,充分洗涤后离心,重复操作3次获得细胞。利用超声破碎仪对细胞液进行处理,细胞破碎仪探头置于液面下1cm,破碎条件为超声2秒,间隔4秒,超声40次,功率200W。然后4℃、12,000rpm离心15min去除不溶性细胞碎片,上清即为香叶醇脱氢酶粗酶液。
(2)香叶醇脱氢酶纯酶制备:采用GE公司的His Trap镍柱对香叶醇脱氢酶粗酶液进行分离纯化,并用PALL公司的10K的超滤离心管进行超滤除盐。所述的纯化过程采用的纯化柱为能够特异性纯化带有His-tagged标签的蛋白质的HisTrap HP柱,其步骤包括平衡、上样、平衡、洗脱、柱子再生;收集洗脱的部分并利用超滤离心管进行除盐;除盐后获得的液体即为香叶醇脱氢酶纯酶液体。并向其中加入以Tris-HCl(0.1M,pH 6.5)缓冲液,制备成含有香叶醇脱氢酶的香叶醇脱氢酶溶液,并根据需要调节其中的香叶醇脱氢酶浓度为0.05~50mg/mL备用。
(3)碳布固定化酶:采用日本东丽公司燃料电池专用碳纸TGP-H-060作为载体。Hummer法制备氧化石墨烯,超声分散3h后得到分散均匀的GO溶液。分别配制50mM,15mM的NiCl2水溶液和25mM,8mM的HITP溶液。在GO溶液中加入NiCl2水溶液并向其中加入步骤(2)得到的具有His-tag的香叶醇脱氢酶(GerDH)溶液,将碳纸TGP-H-060浸入上述混合的溶液,最后加入配体HITP溶液;利用静电作用和金属配位驱动组装获得CP/Ni3(HITP)2/GO-GerDH,取包含亚甲基绿、NADH-IL和[EMIM]BF4的凝胶滴在CP/Ni3(HITP)2/GO-GerDH表面,4℃下晾干,得到工作修饰电极。Ni3(HITP)2颗粒吸附在GO片上具有优异的粘附性,进而固定在碳纸上制备三维电极材料。酶的负载量为每1g复合材料负载40mg酶。
(4)电生物催化反应:
基于一次性塑料试管设计容量为100mL的生物电催化微反应器。设计反应器三电极体系,步骤(3)得到的固定有酶和凝胶的碳纸(3×3cm)作为工作电极,对电极为石墨电极,Ag/AgCl为参比电极。在加入NADH-IL的10mL磷酸缓冲液(0.02mM、pH 7.4)中进行反应,反应之前通入N2,测试过程中采用循环伏安法,其中空白对照未滴加底物。循环伏安测试的扫描速率为50mV/s,扫描范围-0.8V~0.8V,于pH为7.0的缓冲溶液中进行,计时安培电流测试的时间为1200s,L-苯丙酮酸加入浓度为300mM。调控电流密度1.5mA/cm2,50℃反应12h,获得香叶醇的浓度为263mM。
实施例8
(1)高苯丙氨酸脱氢酶粗酶液制备:根据如SEQ ID No.6所示的高苯丙氨酸脱氢酶序列,由商业化公司(上海生物工程有限公司)采用PCR法全基因合成基因序列;扩增基因序列,并将其连接至pET28a载体,之后将该质粒导入至大肠杆菌E.coliBL21 DE3;重组大肠杆菌E.coli BL21(DE3)/pET28a的培养:以1%的接种量,将菌种接入200mL LB培养基中。LB培养基的组成为10.0g/L胰蛋白胨,5.0g/L酵母浸膏,10g/L NaCl。培养条件为:起始pH 7.0,装液量体积分数为10%,培养温度37℃,摇床转速200rpm,培养时间6小时。加入诱导剂IPTG,使其终浓度为10mg/mL,继续在25℃、200rpm条件下培养12小时。培养结束获得的发酵液,在冷冻离心机中离心(4℃,8000rpm,15min)获得细胞,弃上清液,沉淀用磷酸缓冲液(pH=7~7.4)重悬,充分洗涤后离心,重复操作3次,用磷酸缓冲液(pH 7~7.4)配制成浓度为50~150g/L的细胞悬液。将制备的细胞悬液置于冰浴中,利用超声破碎仪对细胞液进行处理,细胞破碎仪探头置于液面下1cm,破碎条件为超声3秒,间隔6秒,超声60次,功率200W。然后4℃、12,000rpm离心15min去除不溶性细胞碎片,上清即为含有带His-tag标签的高苯丙氨酸脱氢酶的粗酶液。
(2)高苯丙氨酸脱氢酶纯酶制备:采用GE公司的His Trap镍柱(HistrapTM HP,5mL)对步骤(1)得到的粗酶液进行分离纯化,并用PALL公司的10K的超滤离心管进行超滤除盐。所述的纯化过程采用的纯化柱为能够特异性纯化带有His-tagged标签的蛋白质的HisTrapHP柱,其步骤包括平衡、上样、平衡、洗脱、柱子再生;收集洗脱的部分并利用超滤离心管进行除盐;除盐后获得的液体即为纯化的如图2所示的带His-tag标签的高苯丙氨酸脱氢酶的纯酶溶液。
(3)酶活力检测:催化反应体系包含40mM NADH、0.2mol/L甘氨酸-氢氧化钠缓冲溶液(pH 9.5),助溶剂为20%的异丙醇,40mM的2-氧代-4-苯基丁酸乙酯和20mg/mL酶,37℃下反应,340nm波长下测定酶活。酶活力定义为在上述条件下,每分钟氧化消耗(或生成)1μmolNAD+所需要的酶量为一个酶活力单位。测定酶活为0.192U/mg。
(4)酶活力检测:催化反应体系包含200mM NADH、0.5mol/L甘氨酸-氢氧化钠缓冲溶液(pH 11),助溶剂为10%的乙腈,80mM的L-2-羰基-5-苯基戊酮酸和60mg/mL酶,40℃下反应,340nm波长下测定酶活。酶活力定义为在上述条件下,每分钟氧化消耗(或生成)1μmolNAD+所需要的酶量为一个酶活力单位。测定酶活为0.223U/mg。
(5)多孔复合碳材料原位矿化固定化酶
在多孔碳纸上固定化酶和凝胶,仿生矿化构建电极/电子中介体/辅酶/酶一体复合体系。首先配制100mg/mL 500kDa支链聚乙烯亚胺溶液,制备氧化石墨烯-聚乙烯亚胺(GO-PEI)复合材料,水热法还原获得rGO-PEI。其次,高苯丙氨酸脱氢酶加入Mn2+金属盐溶液并使得终浓度为50mmol/L,通过MnCl2金属配位固定化在rGO-PEI载体上,在rGO-PEI中加入2mg/mL高苯丙氨酸脱氢酶溶液,利用PEI与Mn2+离子配位作用力固定化酶。加入配制浓度为0.5mol/L,pH范围在10.0的钛的前驱体二-(2-羟基丙酸)二氢氧化二铵合钛溶液(Ti-BALDH)和包含亚甲基绿、NADH-IL和[EMIM]BF4的多功能导电凝胶,PEI诱导TiO2仿生矿化实现酶和辅酶在多孔碳纸上的原位固定化。
(6)电催化反应:酶活力检测:催化反应体系包含100mM NADH、0.6mol/L甘氨酸-氢氧化钠缓冲溶液(pH 11),助溶剂为30%的丙醇,40mM的L-2-羰基-3-苯基丁酮酸和80mg/ml酶,35℃下反应,340nm波长下测定酶活。酶活力定义为在上述条件下,每分钟氧化消耗(或生成)1μmol NAD+所需要的酶量为一个酶活力单位。测定酶活为0.22U/mg。基于一次性塑料试管设计容量为50mL的生物电催化微反应器。设计反应器三电极体系,固定有酶和凝胶的碳纸(5×5cm)作为工作电极,对电极为石墨电极,Ag/AgCl为参比电极。在加入NADH-IL的10mL磷酸缓冲液(0.02mM、pH 7.4)中进行反应,反应之前通入N2,测试过程中采用循环伏安法,其中空白对照未滴加底物。循环伏安测试的扫描速率为50mV/s,扫描范围-0.8V~0.8V,于pH为9.5的缓冲溶液中进行,计时安培电流测试的时间为1200s,加入浓度为40mM的L-2-羰基-3-苯基丁酮酸。调控电流密度1.5mA/cm2,20度反应10h,获得33.7mM的L-2-氨基-3-苯基丁酸。利用NMR进行产物分析,获得NMR图谱1H NMR:δ1.26(3H,d,J=6.7Hz),3.18(1H,dq,J=7.1,6.7Hz),3.64(1H,d,J=7.1Hz),7.21(2H,dddd,J=7.8,1.3,1.2,0.5Hz),7.28-7.40(3H,7.35(dddd,J=7.8,7.7,1.9,0.5Hz),7.31(tt,J=7.7,1.3Hz)).符合产物L-2-氨基-3-苯基丁酸的特征。
以上所述,仅为本发明较佳实施例而已,故不能依此限定本发明实施的范围,即依本发明专利范围及说明书内容所作的等效变化与修饰,皆应仍属本发明涵盖的范围内。
序列表
<110> 厦门大学
<120> 用于酶电催化还原的氧化还原酶电极及其制备方法和其酶电反应器
<160> 6
<170> SIPOSequenceListing 1.0
<210> 1
<211> 354
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 1
Met Lys Ile Leu Glu Thr Met Lys Ala Ser Asp Tyr Glu Gln Leu Val
1 5 10 15
Phe Cys Gln Asp Glu Lys Thr Gly Leu Lys Gly Ile Ile Ala Ile His
20 25 30
Asp Thr Thr Leu Gly Pro Ala Leu Gly Gly Thr Arg Met Trp Thr Tyr
35 40 45
Asp Asn Glu Glu Glu Ala Ile Glu Asp Val Leu Arg Leu Ala Arg Gly
50 55 60
Met Thr Tyr Lys Ser Ala Ala Ala Gly Leu Asn Leu Gly Gly Gly Lys
65 70 75 80
Gly Val Ile Ile Gly Asp Pro Lys Lys Asp Lys Ser Glu Glu Met Trp
85 90 95
Arg Ala Phe Gly Arg Phe Val Gln Ser Leu Asn Gly Arg Tyr Ile Thr
100 105 110
Ala Glu Asp Val Gly Val Arg Glu Thr Asp Leu Glu Ile Val Asn Thr
115 120 125
Glu Thr Asp Phe Ala Val Gly Leu Pro Gly Lys Ser Gly Asn Pro Ser
130 135 140
Pro Ala Thr Ala Tyr Gly Val Tyr Ser Gly Ile Lys Ala Val Ala Asp
145 150 155 160
Glu Ile Trp Gly Ser Ala Asp Leu Asn Gly Lys Thr Ile Ala Ile Gln
165 170 175
Gly Ala Gly Ser Val Gly Tyr Tyr Leu Ser Glu Leu Leu His Lys Asp
180 185 190
Gly Ala Lys Leu Ile Val Thr Asp Ile Asp Lys Glu Ala Val Asp Lys
195 200 205
Leu Val Ser Asp Phe Gly Ala Thr Ala Val Glu Thr Asp Glu Ile Tyr
210 215 220
Glu Gln Glu Ala Asp Ile Phe Ala Pro Cys Ala Leu Gly Ala Ile Leu
225 230 235 240
Asn Asp Glu Thr Ile Pro Lys Leu Lys Val Lys Ala Val Ala Gly Ala
245 250 255
Ala Asn Asn Gln Leu Glu Asp Glu Lys Arg His Ala Glu Glu Leu Lys
260 265 270
Lys Arg Gly Ile Val Tyr Ala Pro Asp Tyr Val Ile Asn Ala Gly Gly
275 280 285
Val Ile Asn Val Ser Phe Glu Leu Thr Gly Tyr Asp Glu Glu Arg Ala
290 295 300
Tyr Arg Lys Ile Ser Thr Ile Tyr Asp Asn Ile Lys Lys Ile Phe Asn
305 310 315 320
Ile Ala Asn Arg Asp Asp Ile Thr Ser His Glu Ala Ala Asn Arg Met
325 330 335
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340 345 350
Asn Lys
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acaaactgca ttgttggggt gccggaagct tacggcggcg gcggagattc ctctattcca 480
actgccatgg gtgtcctgta cggcattaaa gcaaccaaca aaatgttgtt tggcaaggac 540
gatcttggcg gcgtcactta tgccattcaa ggacttggca aagtaggcta caaagtagcg 600
gaagggctgc tcgaagaagg tgctcattta tttgtaacgg atattaacga gcaaacgttg 660
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cttacggagg atcacggcag acaccttgca gacaaaggca ttctgtatgc tccggattat 900
attgttaact ctggcggtct gatccaagta gccgacgaat tgtatgaggt gaacaaagaa 960
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<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
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20 25 30
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35 40 45
Gln His Tyr Pro Val Pro Leu Pro Met Val Phe Gly His Glu Gly Ala
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65 70 75 80
Asp His Val Val Leu Thr Phe Tyr Thr Cys Gly Ser Cys Asp Ala Cys
85 90 95
Leu Ser Gly Asp Pro Thr Ser Cys Ala Asn Ser Phe Gly Pro Asn Phe
100 105 110
Met Gly Arg Ser Val Thr Gly Glu Cys Thr Ile His Asp His Gln Gly
115 120 125
Ala Glu Val Gly Ala Ser Phe Phe Gly Gln Ser Ser Phe Ala Thr Tyr
130 135 140
Ala Leu Ser Tyr Glu Arg Asn Thr Val Lys Val Thr Lys Asp Val Pro
145 150 155 160
Leu Glu Leu Leu Gly Pro Leu Gly Cys Gly Ile Gln Thr Gly Ala Gly
165 170 175
Ser Val Leu Asn Ala Leu Asn Pro Pro Ala Gly Ser Ala Ile Ala Ile
180 185 190
Phe Gly Ala Gly Ala Val Gly Leu Ser Ala Val Met Ala Ala Val Val
195 200 205
Ala Gly Cys Thr Thr Ile Ile Ala Val Asp Val Lys Glu Asn Arg Leu
210 215 220
Glu Leu Ala Ser Glu Leu Gly Ala Thr His Ile Ile Asn Pro Ala Ala
225 230 235 240
Asn Asp Pro Ile Glu Ala Ile Lys Glu Ile Phe Ala Asp Gly Val Pro
245 250 255
Tyr Val Leu Glu Thr Ser Gly Leu Pro Ala Val Leu Thr Gln Ala Ile
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Leu Ser Ser Ala Ile Gly Gly Glu Ile Gly Ile Val Gly Ala Pro Pro
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Met Gly Ala Thr Val Pro Val Asp Ile Asn Phe Leu Leu Phe Asn Arg
290 295 300
Lys Leu Arg Gly Ile Val Glu Gly Gln Ser Ile Ser Asp Ile Phe Ile
305 310 315 320
Pro Arg Leu Val Glu Leu Tyr Arg Gln Gly Lys Phe Pro Phe Asp Lys
325 330 335
Leu Ile Lys Phe Tyr Pro Phe Asp Glu Ile Asn Arg Ala Ala Glu Asp
340 345 350
Ser Glu Lys Gly Val Thr Leu Lys Pro Val Leu Arg Ile Gly
355 360 365
<210> 4
<211> 305
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 4
Thr Lys Val Ser Val Val Gly Ala Ala Gly Thr Val Gly Ala Ala Ala
1 5 10 15
Gly Tyr Asn Ile Ala Leu Arg Asp Ile Ala Asp Glu Val Val Phe Val
20 25 30
Asp Ile Pro Asp Lys Glu Asp Asp Thr Val Gly Gln Ala Ala Asp Thr
35 40 45
Asn His Gly Ile Ala Tyr Asp Ser Asn Thr Arg Val Arg Gln Gly Gly
50 55 60
Tyr Glu Asp Thr Ala Gly Ser Asp Val Val Val Ile Thr Ala Gly Ile
65 70 75 80
Pro Arg Gln Pro Gly Gln Thr Arg Ile Asp Leu Ala Gly Asp Asn Ala
85 90 95
Pro Ile Met Glu Asp Ile Gln Ser Ser Leu Asp Glu His Asn Asp Asp
100 105 110
Tyr Ile Ser Leu Thr Thr Ser Asn Pro Val Asp Leu Leu Asn Arg His
115 120 125
Leu Tyr Glu Ala Gly Asp Arg Ser Arg Glu Gln Val Ile Gly Phe Gly
130 135 140
Gly Arg Leu Asp His Asn Arg Ala Lys Ala Gln Leu Ala Lys Lys Thr
145 150 155 160
Gly Thr Gly Val Asp Arg Ile Arg Arg Met Thr Val Ile Leu Gly Glu
165 170 175
His Gly Asp Ala Gln Val Pro Val Phe Ser Lys Val Ser Val Asp Gly
180 185 190
Thr Asp Pro Glu Phe Ser Gly Asp Glu Lys Glu Gln Leu Leu Gly Asp
195 200 205
Leu Gln Glu Ser Ala Met Asp Val Ile Glu Arg Lys Gly Ala Thr Glu
210 215 220
Trp Gly Pro Ala Arg Gly Val Ala His Met Val Glu Ala Ile Leu His
225 230 235 240
Asp Thr Gly Glu Val Leu Pro Ala Ser Val Lys Leu Glu Gly Glu Phe
245 250 255
Gly His Glu Asp Thr Ala Phe Gly Val Pro Val Ser Leu Gly Ser Asn
260 265 270
Gly Val Glu Glu Ile Val Glu Trp Asp Leu Asp Asp Tyr Glu Gln Asp
275 280 285
Leu Met Ala Asp Ala Ala Glu Lys Leu Ser Asp Gln Tyr Asp Lys Ile
290 295 300
Ser
305
<210> 5
<211> 373
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 5
Met Asn Asp Thr Gln Asp Phe Ile Ser Ala Gln Ala Ala Val Leu Arg
1 5 10 15
Gln Val Gly Gly Pro Leu Ala Val Glu Pro Val Arg Ile Ser Met Pro
20 25 30
Lys Gly Asp Glu Val Leu Ile Arg Ile Ala Gly Val Gly Val Cys His
35 40 45
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50 55 60
Leu Gly His Glu Gly Ser Gly Thr Val Glu Ala Val Gly Glu Gln Val
65 70 75 80
Arg Thr Leu Lys Pro Gly Asp Arg Val Val Leu Ser Phe Asn Ser Cys
85 90 95
Gly His Cys Gly Asn Cys His Asp Gly His Pro Ser Asn Cys Leu Gln
100 105 110
Met Leu Pro Leu Asn Phe Gly Gly Ala Gln Arg Val Asp Gly Gly Gln
115 120 125
Val Leu Asp Gly Ala Gly His Pro Val Gln Ser Met Phe Phe Gly Gln
130 135 140
Ser Ser Phe Gly Thr His Ala Val Ala Arg Glu Ile Asn Ala Val Lys
145 150 155 160
Val Gly Asp Asp Leu Pro Leu Glu Leu Leu Gly Pro Leu Gly Cys Gly
165 170 175
Ile Gln Thr Gly Ala Gly Ala Ala Ile Asn Ser Leu Gly Ile Gly Pro
180 185 190
Gly Gln Ser Leu Ala Ile Phe Gly Gly Gly Gly Val Gly Leu Ser Ala
195 200 205
Leu Leu Gly Ala Arg Ala Val Gly Ala Asp Arg Val Val Val Ile Glu
210 215 220
Pro Asn Ala Ala Arg Arg Ala Leu Ala Leu Glu Leu Gly Ala Ser His
225 230 235 240
Ala Leu Asp Pro His Ala Glu Gly Asp Leu Val Ala Ala Ile Lys Ala
245 250 255
Ala Thr Gly Gly Gly Ala Thr His Ser Leu Asp Thr Thr Gly Leu Pro
260 265 270
Pro Val Ile Gly Ser Ala Ile Ala Cys Thr Leu Pro Gly Gly Thr Val
275 280 285
Gly Met Val Gly Leu Pro Ala Pro Asp Ala Pro Val Pro Ala Thr Leu
290 295 300
Leu Asp Leu Leu Ser Lys Ser Val Thr Leu Arg Pro Ile Thr Glu Gly
305 310 315 320
Asp Ala Asp Pro Gln Arg Phe Ile Pro Arg Met Leu Asp Phe His Arg
325 330 335
Ala Gly Lys Phe Pro Phe Asp Arg Leu Ile Thr Arg Tyr Arg Phe Asp
340 345 350
Gln Ile Asn Glu Ala Leu His Ala Thr Glu Lys Gly Glu Ala Ile Lys
355 360 365
Pro Val Leu Val Phe
370
<210> 6
<211> 354
<212> PRT
<213> 人工序列(Artificial Sequence)
<400> 6
Met Phe Glu Lys Ile Ser Gln His Glu Gln Val Val Phe Cys Asn Asp
1 5 10 15
Pro Ser Thr Gly Leu Lys Ala Ile Ile Ala Ile His Asn Thr Thr Leu
20 25 30
Gly Pro Ala Leu Gly Gly Cys Arg Met Arg Pro Tyr Gly Ser Val Asp
35 40 45
Glu Ala Leu Glu Asp Val Leu Arg Leu Ser Lys Gly Met Thr Tyr Lys
50 55 60
Cys Ala Gly Ala Asp Val Asp Phe Gly Gly Gly Lys Ser Val Ile Ile
65 70 75 80
Gly Asp Pro Met Thr Asp Arg Thr Pro Glu Leu Phe Arg Ala Phe Gly
85 90 95
Gln Phe Val Asp Ser Leu Asn Gly Arg Phe Tyr Thr Gly Thr Asp Met
100 105 110
Gly Thr Thr Pro Asp Asp Phe Met His Ala Leu Lys Glu Thr Asn Cys
115 120 125
Ile Val Gly Val Pro Glu Glu Tyr Gly Gly Ser Gly Asp Ser Ser Val
130 135 140
Pro Thr Ala Gln Gly Val Ile Tyr Gly Leu Gln Ala Thr Ile Gln Thr
145 150 155 160
Leu Glu Gly Thr Asp Glu Leu Ser Gly Lys Ser Tyr Ser Ile Gln Gly
165 170 175
Leu Gly Lys Val Gly Phe Lys Val Ala Glu Gln Leu Leu Ala Ala Gly
180 185 190
Ala Gln Ile Tyr Val Thr Asp Ile Asn Glu Lys Ala Leu Lys Met Ile
195 200 205
Gln Glu Arg Ala Glu Leu Leu Pro Gly Asn Val Glu Val Val Glu Gly
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Ser Asp Ile Tyr Gly Val Asp Ala Asp Ile Phe Ile Pro Cys Ala Leu
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Gly Gly Ile Ile His Asp Glu Thr Ile Glu Gln Leu Lys Val Lys Ala
245 250 255
Ile Val Gly Ser Ala Asn Asn Gln Leu Leu Glu Asp Lys His Gly Leu
260 265 270
Tyr Leu Gln Gln Lys Gly Ile Leu Tyr Gly Pro Asp Tyr Ile Val Asn
275 280 285
Ala Gly Gly Leu Ile Gln Val Ala Asp Glu Leu Tyr Gly Pro Asn Lys
290 295 300
Ala Arg Val Leu Thr Lys Thr Arg Ala Ile Tyr Asp Ser Leu Ile Gln
305 310 315 320
Ile Tyr Ser Glu Ser Thr Lys Asn Gln Ile Ser Thr Met Glu Ala Ala
325 330 335
Asn Leu Phe Cys Glu Glu Lys Leu Leu Ala Arg Ser Lys Arg Asn Ser
340 345 350
Phe Phe
Claims (13)
1.一种用于酶电催化还原的氧化还原酶电极,其特征在于:包括基底电极、电子传导体、电子中介体、酶和辅酶;所述电子传导体包括氧化石墨烯、还原氧化石墨烯、碳纳米管、聚多巴胺、纳米金、MOF、聚乙烯亚胺或仿生矿化TiO2材料中的至少两种的组合;所述辅酶包括NADH-IL或PEI-Fc-NADH中的至少一种;所述辅酶与酶共同固定于所述酶电极。
2.根据权利要求1所述的氧化还原酶电极,其特征在于:所述的酶为依赖NADH或依赖NADPH的脱氢酶。
3.根据权利要求1所述的氧化还原酶电极,其特征在于:所述基底电极包括碳纸电极、玻碳电极或石墨电极。
4.根据权利要求1所述的氧化还原酶电极,其特征在于:所述电子中介体包括5-甲基吩嗪硫酸甲酯、甲苯胺蓝、麦尔多拉蓝或亚甲基蓝中的至少一种。
5.一种权利要求1至4中任一项所述的氧化还原酶电极的制备方法,其特征在于:将酶与电子传导体的固定化混合物与电子中介体、辅酶复合于所述基底电极表面,得到所述氧化还原酶电极。
6.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述酶与电子传导体的固定化混合物的制备方法包括:
所述电子传导体包括氧化石墨烯和MOF,在氧化石墨烯溶液中加入MOF的金属离子,进而加入0.1~100mg/mL的所述酶,0~50℃下搅拌下加入MOF的配体,进行反应获得MOF并原位固定化酶,得到所述酶与电子传导体的固定化混合物;或,
所述电子传导体包括碳纳米管、聚多巴胺和纳米金,在碳纳米管溶液中加入聚多巴胺,得到碳纳米管-聚多巴胺的溶液;将碳纳米管-聚多巴胺的溶液与纳米金前体反应制得含有纳米金的碳纳米管-聚多巴胺的溶液,另将所述酶与含有纳米金的碳纳米管-聚多巴胺的溶液混合,得到所述酶与电子传导体的固定化混合物;或,
所述电子传导体包括还原氧化石墨烯、聚多巴胺和纳米金,在还原氧化石墨烯溶液中加入多巴胺和所述酶,与纳米金前体反应并固定化酶,得到所述酶与电子传导体的固定化混合物;或,
所述电子传导体包括还原氧化石墨烯、聚乙烯亚胺和仿生矿化TiO2材料,将所述酶配位固定在还原氧化石墨烯-聚乙烯亚胺上,随后加入Ti-BALDH,通过聚乙烯亚胺诱导TiO2仿生矿化以固定化酶,得到所述酶与电子传导体的固定化混合物。
7.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述MOF的配体包括均苯三甲酸,2,3,6,7,10,11-六氨基三苯六盐酸盐,2,3,6,7,10,11-六羟基三苯,六氨基苯(3盐酸盐),Nu-1006或Nu-1007中的一种;所述MOF的金属离子包括Co2+、Cu2+、Zn2+、Ni2+或Zr4+中的至少一种。
8.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述NADH-IL或PEI-Fc-NADH与电子中介体形成凝胶,所述酶与电子传导体的固定化混合物与所述凝胶复合于所述基底电极表面。
9.根据权利要求8所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述电子中介体、NADH-IL或PEI-Fc-NADH与离子液体形成所述凝胶;所述离子液体包括1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐、1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑氯盐、或N,N'-(亚甲基)双(1-(3-乙烯基咪唑))溴中的至少一种。
10.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于:所述PEI-Fc-NADH的制备方法包括:分别配制0.1~0.7mmol/mL和0.05~0.2mmol/mL的聚乙烯亚胺PEI和二茂铁甲醛Fc的乙醇溶液,将Fc的乙醇溶液在1~3h内逐滴加到PEI的乙醇溶液中,继续搅拌反应1~3h;加入终浓度为0.1~1.0mmol/mL硼氢化钠,继续反应1~4h;向残留物中加入1~10mL水,用水透析10~14h,得到PEI-Fc;将10~100mmol丁二酸酐溶于6~30mL二甲亚砜,将0.0745~0.5gNAD+加入到丁二酸酐溶液中,于室温下放置反应10~14h;向该混合溶液中加入10~30mL丙酮,离心后得到沉淀,加入含有1~3mmol EDC的2~5mL的pH为4~6的磷酸缓冲溶液,EDC活化羟基1~4h;活化完毕后向上述溶液中加入5~10mL的pH为4~6的PEI-Fc,调节pH为4.6~4.8,0~4℃反应12~24h;反应完毕,用水透析10~14h,获得PEI-Fc-NADH。
11.一种用于酶电催化还原的酶电反应器,其特征在于:所述酶电反应器采用三电极体系,以权利要求1至4中任一项所述的氧化还原酶电极为工作电极;参比电极选自饱和甘汞电极、氢电极、银|氯化银电极或汞|氧化汞电极;对电极为铂丝电极或碳电极。
12.一种利用权利要求11所述的酶电反应器进行催化还原反应的方法,其特征在于:以循环伏安法和/或计时电流法的方式进行反应;所述循环伏安法的电位扫描速率为1~500mV/s;在加入1~20mg辅酶NADH的缓冲液中进行,反应前通入N2,所述反应底物为氨基酸脱氢酶的底物酮酸、胺脱氢酶的底物酮以及醇脱氢酶的底物酮;所述底物的浓度范围为5mM~500mM;所述缓冲液为磷酸盐缓冲液、硼酸盐缓冲液、柠檬酸盐缓冲液、碳酸盐缓冲液、Tris-HCl缓冲液等的至少一种。
13.根据权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于:采用1.5~100mL的三电极体系,固定有酶和凝胶的碳纸作为工作电极,对电极为铂丝电极,Ag/AgCl为参比电极;在加入NADH-IL的0.5~100mL磷酸缓冲液中进行反应,反应之前通入N2,测试过程中采用循环伏安法,其中空白对照未滴加底物;循环伏安测试的扫描速率为40~60mV/s,扫描范围-1V~1V,于pH为6.8~7.2的缓冲溶液中进行,计时安培电流测试的时间为30~1800s,每间隔25~35s进行一次底物加样;调控电流密度0.1~1.5mA/cm2计算辅酶再生的总转化数,并优化电化学再生条件;电压为1~200mV/s,扫描范围-1V~1V,于pH为6.0~12.0的缓冲溶液中进行,计时安培电流测试的时间为30~1800s,1140~1260s,进行一次底物加样为1mM~500mM。调控电流密度0.1~1.5mA/cm2。
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CN114199968A (zh) * | 2021-11-23 | 2022-03-18 | 江苏大学 | 一种协同催化电化学传感器的制备方法及其应用 |
CN116732122A (zh) * | 2023-06-16 | 2023-09-12 | 深圳津合生物有限公司 | 一种电促固定化酶催化合成nadph的方法 |
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