CN112708473B - Gasification device and gasification method for producing synthesis gas by co-gasification of multiple materials and coal - Google Patents
Gasification device and gasification method for producing synthesis gas by co-gasification of multiple materials and coal Download PDFInfo
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- CN112708473B CN112708473B CN201911026146.2A CN201911026146A CN112708473B CN 112708473 B CN112708473 B CN 112708473B CN 201911026146 A CN201911026146 A CN 201911026146A CN 112708473 B CN112708473 B CN 112708473B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/58—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels combined with pre-distillation of the fuel
- C10J3/60—Processes
- C10J3/64—Processes with decomposition of the distillation products
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/723—Controlling or regulating the gasification process
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
- C10J3/82—Gas withdrawal means
- C10J3/84—Gas withdrawal means with means for removing dust or tar from the gas
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0903—Feed preparation
- C10J2300/0909—Drying
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/0916—Biomass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/093—Coal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/0946—Waste, e.g. MSW, tires, glass, tar sand, peat, paper, lignite, oil shale
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/12—Heating the gasifier
- C10J2300/123—Heating the gasifier by electromagnetic waves, e.g. microwaves
- C10J2300/1238—Heating the gasifier by electromagnetic waves, e.g. microwaves by plasma
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/18—Details of the gasification process, e.g. loops, autothermal operation
- C10J2300/1807—Recycle loops, e.g. gas, solids, heating medium, water
Abstract
The invention discloses a gasification device and a gasification method for producing synthesis gas by co-gasification of multiple materials and coal, wherein the gasification device comprises: the gasification furnace, the hot cyclone separator, and a scrubber for washing gas and an electrostatic dust collector for removing dust which are arranged in sequence; the gasification furnace is provided with a raw material A inlet, a raw material B inlet and a gasification furnace outlet; high-temperature gas enters the hot cyclone separator through the outlet of the gasification furnace; the gasification device is also provided with a pyrolysis furnace and drying equipment, the raw material A is dehydrated by the drying equipment and then enters the gasification furnace through a raw material A inlet, and the raw material B is coked by the pyrolysis furnace and then enters the gasification furnace through a raw material B inlet; a heat exchanger is arranged between the hot cyclone separator and the scrubber; and a high-temperature plasma heating gun is arranged in the gasification furnace. The device and the method provided by the invention can quickly and fully gasify multi-material and coal, obtain high-quality synthesis gas, and have wide application value and prospect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of coal gasification, and particularly relates to a gasification device and a gasification method for producing synthesis gas by co-gasification of multiple materials and coal.
Background
Coal is an important energy source, and is used in a direct combustion mode, but the direct combustion mode causes low utilization rate of the coal and can pollute the environment. Therefore, a coal gasification technology has been developed to convert coal into coal gas to improve the utilization rate of coal and reduce environmental pollution. Conventionally, various coal gasification technologies and systems having a fixed bed, a fluidized bed, and an entrained flow have been studied in order to efficiently produce combustible gas by coal gasification.
Biomass, municipal waste and construction waste are also important energy sources, which are widely distributed and in large quantities. Meanwhile, the multi-material co-gasification technology has low energy density, is dispersive and is difficult to be intensively processed on a large scale, so that the multi-material co-gasification technology can realize higher utilization rate on a smaller scale and can provide a high-grade energy form, and the multi-material and coal co-gasification technology is an important development direction. Because China has wide regions and abundant resources and the traditional incineration has great influence on the environment, the co-gasification and high-efficiency gasification of a plurality of materials and coal has better living conditions and development space.
However, the existing gasification method has the problems of low gas quality caused by the overproof of metals and harmful gases such as dioxin in the synthesis gas, incomplete conversion of tar in the gasification process, poor fluidization state and the like. The solution of these problems is a challenge to the emergence of new approaches.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the defects of the conventional gasification of the synthesis gas produced by co-gasification of multi-material and coal, the invention provides a gasification device and a gasification method for co-gasification of multi-material and coal to produce the synthesis gas.
In order to solve the above technical problem, a first aspect of the present invention provides a gasification apparatus for producing a synthesis gas by co-gasification of a plurality of materials and coal, wherein the gasification apparatus comprises: a gasification furnace 7 for gasifying materials, a thermal cyclone 13 for receiving high-temperature gas gasified by the gasification furnace 7, and a scrubber 15 for washing gas and an electrostatic precipitator 16 for removing dust, which are arranged in sequence; the gasification furnace 7 is provided with a raw material A inlet 6, a raw material B inlet 18 and a gasification furnace outlet 12; high-temperature gas enters a hot cyclone separator 13 through a gasification furnace outlet 12; the gasification device is also provided with a pyrolysis furnace 10 and a drying device 5, the raw material A is dehydrated by the drying device 5 and then enters a gasification furnace 7 through a raw material A inlet 6, and the raw material B is coked by the pyrolysis furnace 10 and then enters the gasification furnace 7 through a raw material B inlet 18; a heat exchanger 14 is arranged between the thermal cyclone 13 and the scrubber 15, and heat of the high-temperature gas passing through the thermal cyclone 13 after heat exchange through the heat exchanger 14 (heat B passing through the pyrolysis furnace is shown as a diagram 17, and heat A passing through the drying device is shown as a diagram 4) sequentially passes through the pyrolysis furnace 10 and the drying device 5 so that the raw material B is coked and the raw material A is dehydrated; and a high-temperature plasma heating gun 8 is arranged in the gasification furnace 7.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the internal portion of the gasifier 7 is divided into a gasifier upper free space region 19, a gasifier fluidization region 20, a gasifier moving bed region 21, a gasifier gasification region 22, and a gasifier slag region 23 in the gravity direction in this order from top to bottom, the gasifier slag region 23 of the gasifier 7 is communicated with the gasifier gasification region 22, the gasifier gasification region 22 is communicated with the gasifier moving bed region 21, and the gasifier moving bed region 21 is communicated with the gasifier upper free space region 19; the raw material A inlet 6 is arranged at a position that the raw material A1 enters a gasification furnace fluidization area 20; the raw material B inlet 18 is disposed at a position such that the raw material B9 enters the upper free space region 19 of the gasification furnace.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the gasifier gasification region 22 and the gasifier slag region 23 may be cylindrical independently; the gasifier moving bed zone 21 and the gasifier fluidization zone 20 can be independently conical, and preferably, the ratio of the area of the largest cross section to the area of the cross section of the gasifier slag zone 23 is not less than 4; the upper gasifier freeboard zone 19 can be dome-shaped.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the ratio of the height of the gasifier moving bed zone 21 to the height of the gasifier fluidization zone 20 may be (3-10): 1; the ratio of the heights of the gasifier upper freeboard zone 19 and the gasifier fluidizing zone 20 can be (5-10): 1.
In the embodiment of the invention, the gasification furnace 7 is provided with a circulating material inlet 11 at 1/4-3/4 of the gasification furnace moving bed area 21, and is used for receiving solid particles separated by the thermal cyclone separator 13; the location of the feedstock a inlet 6 is at the junction of the gasifier upper free space region 19 and the gasifier fluidization region 20; the raw material B inlet 18 is arranged at 1/4-1/2 of the arch shape of the free space zone 19 at the upper part of the gasification furnace.
In the embodiment of the invention, the high-temperature plasma heating gun 8 of the gasification furnace 7 is arranged at 1/2 of the gasification region 22 of the gasification furnace, is horizontally and coaxially arranged, has an included angle of 5-45 degrees with the horizontal direction, and has 2N numbers, wherein N is a natural number more than 0.
In another aspect, the present invention provides a gasification method for producing a synthesis gas by co-gasification of a plurality of materials and coal, wherein the gasification method uses the gasification apparatus for producing a synthesis gas by co-gasification of a plurality of materials and coal, and the gasification method includes the following steps:
(a) The raw material A1 is dehydrated by a drying device 5 and then enters a gasification furnace fluidization region 20 through a raw material A inlet 6; the raw material B9 is coked by the pyrolysis furnace 10, enters a free space zone 19 at the upper part of the gasification furnace through a raw material B inlet 18, and then enters a fluidization zone 20 of the gasification furnace;
(b) The high-temperature gas heated by the high-temperature plasma heating gun 8 and the material from the moving bed area 21 of the gasification furnace are subjected to gasification reaction, the gasified gas moves to the upper space, the high-temperature slag flows downwards, enters the slag area 23 of the gasification furnace and is discharged with liquid slag through a slag discharge port;
(c) The gasified high-temperature gas sequentially passes through a gasification furnace moving bed area 21, a gasification furnace fluidization area 20 and a free space area 19 at the upper part of the gasification furnace, enters a thermal cyclone separator 13 through a gasification furnace outlet 12, is separated, solid particles enter the gasification furnace moving bed area 21 through a circulating material inlet 11, and the gas enters a heat exchanger 14; the high temperature gas (heat B shown in fig. 17) after passing through heat exchanger 14 first pyrolyzes feedstock B9; the heat of the second lowest temperature after pyrolysis (heat a is shown in diagram 4) dehydrates feedstock A1;
(d) And the gas after heat exchange sequentially passes through a scrubber 15 and an electrostatic precipitator 16 to obtain synthesis gas.
In the invention, in order to strengthen the reaction, improve the reaction efficiency and make full use of heat, the operating pressure of the gasification furnace 7 is 0-5 MPa, and the temperature range of the pyrolysis furnace 10 is 600-900 ℃; the temperature range of the drying device 5 is 200-300 ℃.
In the embodiment of the present invention, in the step (a), the materials a and B enter the space of the moving bed zone 21 of the gasification furnace due to gravity and furnace shape after entering the fluidization zone 20 of the gasification furnace, and then react with the high-temperature gas heated by the high-temperature plasma heating gun 8 in the step (B).
In the embodiment of the invention, the high-temperature plasma heating gun 8 can heat the gasifying agent to 3000-6000 ℃, and the gasifying agent can be CO 2 Water vapor or mixed gas thereof, and the linear velocity of the gasifying agent can be 100-350 m/s.
In the embodiment of the invention, the raw material A1 can be one or more of biomass, lignite, household garbage or construction waste, and the particle size range is 100-1000 μm; the raw material B9 can be bituminous coal or anthracite, the particle size range is 100-1000 mu m, and the feeding mass ratio of the raw material inlet 6 to the raw material inlet 18 is 0.1-0.5.
In the embodiment of the present invention, in order to rapidly co-gasify the multi-materials and the coal, it is preferable that the temperature of the gasifier slag zone 23 is 1300 to 1500 ℃, the solid content is 0.8 to 0.95, the core temperature of the gasifier gasification zone 22 is 1500 to 2000 ℃, the solid content is 0.1 to 0.25, the temperature of the gasifier moving bed zone 21 is 800 to 900 ℃, the solid content is 0.6 to 0.75, the temperature of the gasifier fluidization zone 20 is 800 to 850 ℃, the solid content is 0.3 to 0.6, the temperature of the gasifier upper free space zone 19 is 700 to 800 ℃, and the solid content is 0.1 to 0.3.
In the embodiment of the invention, after the multi-material and coal are fully gasified and reacted, the residue in the slag zone 23 of the gasification furnace is vitreous body, the chemical property is stable, the environment is friendly, the gasification zone 22 of the gasification furnace is gasified and pyrolyzed at high temperature, macromolecules are all pyrolyzed, only small molecular compounds are contained, and the content of dioxin in tail gas is lower than 0.3ng/Nm 3 。
According to the gasification device and the gasification method for producing the synthesis gas by co-gasification of the multiple materials and the coal, the combined devices such as layered distribution, multiple reaction zones and plasma heating are adopted, the technical scheme that the reaction can be enhanced, the heat is fully utilized, the zone temperature is better controlled, and the reaction efficiency is improved is adopted.
Drawings
The invention will be explained below with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a gasification apparatus and a gasification process for producing synthetic gas by co-gasification of multiple materials and coal according to an embodiment of the present invention (arrows indicate the flow direction of materials or heat);
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a gasifier in the gasification apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention;
wherein 1 is a raw material A;2 is slag; 3 is synthesis gas; 4 is heat A;5, drying equipment; 6. is an inlet of a raw material A; 7 is a gasification furnace; 8 is a high-temperature plasma heating gun; 9 is a raw material B;10 is a pyrolysis furnace; 11 is a circulating material inlet; 12 is the outlet of the gasification furnace; 13 is a hot cyclone separator; 14 is a heat exchanger; 15 is a washer; 16 is an electrostatic precipitator; 17 is heat B;18 is an inlet of a raw material B; 19 is the upper free space zone of the gasification furnace; 20 is a gasification furnace fluidization area; 21 is a moving bed area of the gasification furnace; 22 is a gasification area of a gasification furnace; and 23 is a slag zone of the gasification furnace.
Detailed Description
In order that the invention may be readily understood, a more particular description of the invention will be rendered by reference to specific embodiments thereof which are illustrated in the appended drawings. However, before the invention is described in detail, it is to be understood that this invention is not limited to particular embodiments described. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting.
In the present invention, the raw materials or components used may be commercially or conventionally prepared unless otherwise specified.
In the present invention, the gas composition can be analyzed by an on-line gas analyzer, and the carbon conversion x can be expressedComprises the following steps: x =12 (V) CO +V CO2 +V CH4 )/(22.4*m*w c ) In the formula V CO2 、V CO 、V CH4 Respectively CO produced in the reaction time t 2 、CO、CH 4 M is the mass of the material at that time, w c Is the mass fraction of carbon element in the raw material.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, a gasification apparatus for co-gasification of a multi-material and coal to produce a synthesis gas, includes:
a gasification furnace 7 for gasifying materials, a hot cyclone 13 for receiving high-temperature gas gasified by the gasification furnace 7, and a scrubber 15 for scrubbing gas and an electrostatic precipitator 16 for removing dust, which are arranged in sequence; the gasification furnace 7 is provided with a raw material A inlet 6, a raw material B inlet 18 and a gasification furnace outlet 12; high-temperature gas enters a hot cyclone separator 13 through a gasification furnace outlet 12; the gasification device is also provided with a pyrolysis furnace 10 and a drying device 5, the raw material A is dehydrated by the drying device 5 and then enters a gasification furnace 7 through a raw material A inlet 6, and the raw material B is coked by the pyrolysis furnace 10 and then enters the gasification furnace 7 through a raw material B inlet 18; a heat exchanger 14 is arranged between the thermal cyclone separator 13 and the scrubber 15, and the heat of the high-temperature gas passing through the thermal cyclone separator 13 after heat exchange through the heat exchanger 14 sequentially passes through the pyrolysis furnace 10 and the drying equipment 5 to coke the raw material B and dehydrate the raw material A; and a high-temperature plasma heating gun 8 is arranged in the gasification furnace 7.
In the gravity direction, the inner part of the gasification furnace 7 is divided into a gasification furnace upper free space zone 19, a gasification furnace fluidization zone 20, a gasification furnace moving bed zone 21, a gasification furnace gasification zone 22 and a gasification furnace slag zone 23 in sequence from top to bottom, the gasification furnace slag zone 23 of the gasification furnace 7 is communicated with the gasification furnace gasification zone 22, the gasification furnace gasification zone 22 is communicated with the gasification furnace moving bed zone 21, and the gasification furnace moving bed zone 21 is communicated with the gasification furnace upper free space zone 19; the raw material A inlet 6 is arranged at a position that the raw material A1 enters the fluidization area 20 of the gasification furnace; the raw material B inlet 18 is disposed at a position such that the raw material B9 enters the upper free space region 19 of the gasification furnace;
the gasification furnace gasification region 22 and the gasification furnace slag region 23 are respectively and independently cylindrical; the gasifier moving bed region 21 and the gasifier fluidization region 20 are respectively and independently conical, and the ratio of the area of the maximum cross section to the area of the cross section of the gasifier slag region 23 is 4; the upper free space zone 19 of the gasification furnace is in a vault shape; the ratio of the height of the gasifier moving bed region 21 to the height of the gasifier fluidization region 20 is 3:1; the ratio of the height of the gasifier upper freeboard zone 19 to the height of the gasifier fluidizing zone 20 is 5:1.
The gasification furnace 7 is provided with a circulating material inlet 11 at 1/4 of the moving bed area 21 of the gasification furnace, and is used for receiving solid particles separated by the thermal cyclone separator 13; the raw material A inlet 6 is positioned at the junction of the gasifier upper free space zone 19 and the gasifier fluidization region 20; the raw material B inlet 18 is formed in the dome shape 1/4 of the upper free space region 19 of the gasification furnace.
The high-temperature plasma heating gun 8 of the gasification furnace 7 is arranged at 1/2 of the gasification region 22 of the gasification furnace, the horizontal coaxial arrangement and the included angle with the horizontal direction are 5 degrees, and the number of the high-temperature plasma heating guns is 4.
A gasification method for producing synthesis gas by co-gasification of multiple materials and coal comprises the following steps:
(a) The raw material A1 is dehydrated by a drying device 5 and then enters a gasification furnace fluidization area 20 through a raw material A inlet 6; the raw material B9 is coked by the pyrolysis furnace 10, enters a free space zone 19 at the upper part of the gasification furnace through a raw material B inlet 18, and then enters a fluidization zone 20 of the gasification furnace;
(b) The high-temperature gas heated by the high-temperature plasma heating gun 8 and the material from the moving bed area 21 of the gasification furnace perform gasification reaction, the gasified gas moves to the upper space, the high-temperature molten slag flows downwards, enters the slag area 23 of the gasification furnace and is discharged with liquid slag through a slag discharge port;
(c) The gasified high-temperature gas sequentially passes through a gasification furnace moving bed area 21, a gasification furnace fluidization area 20 and a gasification furnace upper free space area 19, enters a thermal cyclone separator 13 through a gasification furnace outlet 12, is separated, solid particles enter the gasification furnace moving bed area 21 through a circulating material inlet 11, and the gas enters a heat exchanger 14; the high-temperature gas passing through the heat exchanger 14 firstly pyrolyzes the raw material B9; dehydrating the raw material A1 by the heat of the second lowest temperature after pyrolysis;
(d) And the gas after heat exchange sequentially passes through a scrubber 15 and an electrostatic precipitator 16 to obtain synthesis gas.
The operating pressure of the gasification furnace 7 is 5MPa, and the temperature interval of the pyrolysis furnace 10 is 900 ℃; the temperature interval of the drying device 5 is 300 ℃. The high-temperature plasma heating gun 8 heats the gasifying agent to 6000 ℃, and the gasifying agent is CO 2 Steam or mixed gas thereof, and the linear velocity of the gasifying agent is 350m/s. The raw material A1 is biomass (straws), and the average particle size range is 800 mu m; the raw material B9 is bituminous coal, the average particle size range is 800 mu m, and the feeding mass ratio of the raw material A inlet 6 to the raw material B inlet (18) is 0.5. The temperature of a slag zone 23 of the gasification furnace is 1500 ℃, the solid content rate is 0.95, the core temperature of a gasification zone 22 of the gasification furnace is 2000 ℃, the solid content rate is 0.25, the temperature of a moving bed zone (21) of the gasification furnace is 900 ℃, the solid content rate is 0.75, the temperature of a fluidization zone 20 of the gasification furnace is 850 ℃, the solid content rate is 0.3, the temperature of a free space zone 19 at the upper part of the gasification furnace is 800 ℃, and the solid content rate is 0.1.
Through detection, the dust content is 3 percent, the carbon conversion rate is 97 percent, the effective gas component of the synthetic gas of the gasification furnace is 75 percent, and the dioxin content is 0.2ng/Nm 3 The operation stability is greatly improved, and the residue is vitreous body, has stable chemical property and is environment-friendly.
Example 2
Example 2 the same gasification apparatus as in example 1, except that:
the gasification furnace gasification region 22 and the gasification furnace slag region 23 are respectively and independently cylindrical; the gasifier moving bed area 21 and the gasifier fluidization area 20 are respectively and independently conical, and the ratio of the maximum cross section to the cross section area of the gasifier slag area 23 is 6; the upper free space zone 19 of the gasification furnace is in a vault shape;
the height ratio of the gasifier moving bed area 21 to the gasifier fluidization area 20 is 5:1; the ratio of the height of the gasifier upper free space region 19 to the height of the gasifier fluidized zone 20 is 6:1.
The gasification furnace 7 is provided with a circulating material inlet 11 at 1/2 of the gasification furnace moving bed area 21 and is used for receiving solid particles separated by the thermal cyclone separator 13; the raw material A inlet 6 is positioned at the junction of the gasifier upper free space zone 19 and the gasifier fluidization region 20; the raw material B inlet 18 is formed in the dome shape 7/20 of the upper free space region 19 of the gasification furnace.
The high-temperature plasma heating gun 8 of the gasification furnace 7 is arranged at 1/2 of the gasification region 22 of the gasification furnace, is horizontally and coaxially arranged, and has an included angle of 12 degrees with the horizontal direction, and the number of the high-temperature plasma heating guns is 6.
The operating pressure of the gasification furnace 7 is 4MPa, and the temperature range of the pyrolysis furnace 10 is 850 ℃; the temperature interval of the drying device 5 is 250 ℃. The high-temperature plasma heating gun 8 heats the gasifying agent to 5500 ℃, and the gasifying agent is CO 2 Steam or mixed gas thereof, and the linear velocity of the gasifying agent is 300m/s. The raw material A1 is domestic garbage, and the average particle size range is 500 mu m; the raw material B9 is anthracite, the average particle size range is 500 mu m, and the feeding mass ratio of the raw material A inlet 6 to the raw material B inlet 18 is 0.3. The temperature of a slag zone 23 of the gasification furnace is 1450 ℃, the solid content rate is 0.9, the core temperature of a gasification zone 22 of the gasification furnace is 1800 ℃, the solid content rate is 0.2, the temperature of a moving bed zone 21 of the gasification furnace is 850 ℃, the solid content rate is 0.65, the temperature of a fluidization zone 20 of the gasification furnace is 825 ℃, the solid content rate is 0.4, the temperature of a free space zone 19 at the upper part of the gasification furnace is 760 ℃, and the solid content rate is 0.15.
Through detection, the dust content is 3.2%, the carbon conversion rate is 96.5%, the effective gas component of the gasifier synthetic gas is 73.5%, and the dioxin content is 0.22ng/Nm 3 The operation stability is greatly improved, and the residue is vitreous body, has stable chemical property and is environment-friendly.
Example 3
Example 3 the same gasification apparatus as in example 1, except that:
the gasification furnace gasification region 22 and the gasification furnace slag region 23 are respectively and independently cylindrical; the gasifier moving bed area 21 and the gasifier fluidization area 20 are respectively and independently conical, and the ratio of the maximum cross section to the cross section area of the gasifier slag area 23 is 9; the upper free space zone 19 of the gasification furnace is in a vault shape;
the ratio of the height of the gasifier moving bed region 21 to the height of the gasifier fluidization region 20 is 8:1; the ratio of the height of the gasifier upper freeboard zone 19 to the height of the gasifier fluidizing zone 20 is 8:1.
The gasifier 7 is provided with a circulating material inlet 11 at 3/4 of the moving bed area 21 of the gasifier, and is used for receiving solid particles separated by the thermal cyclone separator 13; the raw material A inlet 6 is positioned at the junction of the gasifier upper free space zone 19 and the gasifier fluidization region 20; the raw material B inlet 18 is formed in the dome shape 3/20 of the upper free space region 19 of the gasification furnace.
The high-temperature plasma heating gun 8 of the gasification furnace 7 is arranged at 1/2 of the gasification region 22 of the gasification furnace, the horizontal coaxial arrangement and the included angle with the horizontal direction are 25 degrees, and the number of the high-temperature plasma heating guns is 8.
The operating pressure of the gasification furnace 7 is 4MPa, and the temperature interval of the pyrolysis furnace 10 is 800 ℃; the temperature interval of the drying device 5 is 250 ℃. The high-temperature plasma heating gun 8 heats the gasifying agent to 4500 ℃, and the gasifying agent is CO 2 Steam or mixed gas thereof, and the linear velocity of the gasifying agent is 150m/s. The raw material A1 is biomass, and the average particle size range is 300 mu m; the raw material B9 is anthracite, the average particle size range is 800 mu m, and the feeding mass ratio of the raw material A inlet 6 to the raw material B inlet 18 is 0.2. The temperature of the gasifier slag zone 23 is 1350 ℃, the solid holdup is 0.85, the core temperature of the gasifier gasification zone 22 is 1600 ℃, the solid holdup is 0.15, the temperature of the gasifier moving bed zone 21 is 825 ℃, the solid holdup is 0.62, the temperature of the gasifier fluidization zone 20 is 815 ℃, the solid holdup is 0.35, the temperature of the gasifier upper free space zone 19 is 720 ℃, and the solid holdup is 0.12.
Through detection, the dust content is 4.5%, the carbon conversion rate is 94.5%, the effective gas component of the gasifier synthetic gas is 70.5%, and the dioxin content is 0.27ng/Nm 3 The operation stability is greatly improved, and the residue is vitreous body, has stable chemical property and is environment-friendly.
It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only for explaining the present invention, and do not constitute any limitation to the present invention. The present invention has been described with reference to exemplary embodiments, but the words which have been used herein are words of description and illustration, rather than words of limitation. Modifications may be made to the invention as defined within the scope of the claims and modifications may be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. Although the invention has been described herein with reference to particular means, materials and embodiments, the invention is not intended to be limited to the particulars disclosed herein, but rather extends to all other methods and applications having the same functionality.
Claims (8)
1. A gasification method for producing synthesis gas by multi-material and coal co-gasification is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(a) The raw material A (1) is dehydrated by a drying device (5) and then enters a gasification furnace fluidization area (20) through a raw material A inlet (6); the raw material B (9) is coked by a pyrolysis furnace (10), enters a free space area (19) at the upper part of the gasification furnace through a raw material B inlet (18), and then enters a fluidization area (20) of the gasification furnace;
(b) The high-temperature gasifying agent heated by the high-temperature plasma heating gun (8) and the materials from the moving bed area (21) of the gasification furnace are subjected to gasification reaction, the gasified gas moves to the upper space, the high-temperature slag flows downwards, enters the slag area (23) of the gasification furnace and is discharged with liquid slag through a slag discharge port;
(c) The gasified high-temperature gas sequentially passes through a gasification furnace moving bed area (21), a gasification furnace fluidization area (20) and a gasification furnace upper free space area (19), enters a thermal cyclone separator (13) through a gasification furnace outlet (12), is separated, solid particles enter the gasification furnace moving bed area (21) through a circulating material inlet (11), and the gas enters a heat exchanger (14); the high-temperature gas passing through the heat exchanger (14) firstly pyrolyzes the raw material B (9); dehydrating the raw material A (1) by the heat of the second low temperature after pyrolysis;
(d) The gas after heat exchange sequentially passes through a scrubber (15) and an electrostatic dust collector (16) to obtain synthesis gas;
the raw material A (1) is one or more of biomass, lignite, household garbage or construction waste, and the raw material B (9) is bituminous coal or anthracite;
the high-temperature plasma heating gun (8) heats the gasifying agent to 3000-6000 ℃;
the gasification device used in the gasification method comprises: a gasification furnace (7) for gasifying materials, a hot cyclone separator (13) for receiving high-temperature gas gasified by the gasification furnace (7), and a scrubber (15) for washing gas and an electrostatic dust collector (16) for removing dust which are arranged in sequence; the gasification furnace (7) is provided with a raw material A inlet (6), a raw material B inlet (18) and a gasification furnace outlet (12); high-temperature gas enters a hot cyclone separator (13) through a gasification furnace outlet (12); the gasification device is also provided with a pyrolysis furnace (10) and a drying device (5), the raw material A is dehydrated by the drying device (5) and then enters the gasification furnace (7) through a raw material A inlet (6), and the raw material B is coked by the pyrolysis furnace (10) and then enters the gasification furnace (7) through a raw material B inlet (18); a heat exchanger (14) is arranged between the thermal cyclone separator (13) and the scrubber (15), and the heat of the high-temperature gas passing through the thermal cyclone separator (13) after heat exchange of the heat exchanger (14) sequentially passes through the pyrolysis furnace (10) and the drying equipment (5) to coke the raw material B and dehydrate the raw material A; a high-temperature plasma heating gun (8) is arranged in the gasification furnace (7);
in the gravity direction, the inner part of the gasification furnace (7) is sequentially divided into a gasification furnace upper free space region (19), a gasification furnace fluidization region (20), a gasification furnace moving bed region (21), a gasification furnace gasification region (22) and a gasification furnace slag region (23) from top to bottom, the gasification furnace slag region (23) of the gasification furnace (7) is communicated with the gasification furnace gasification region (22), the gasification furnace gasification region (22) is communicated with the gasification furnace moving bed region (21), and the gasification furnace moving bed region (21) is communicated with the gasification furnace upper free space region (19); the raw material A inlet (6) is arranged at a position that the raw material A (1) enters a gasification furnace fluidization area (20); the raw material B inlet (18) is arranged at a position that the raw material B (9) enters the free space zone (19) at the upper part of the gasification furnace; the high-temperature plasma heating gun (8) of the gasification furnace (7) is arranged at 1/2 of the gasification region (22) of the gasification furnace, the high-temperature plasma heating gun is horizontally and coaxially arranged, the included angle between the high-temperature plasma heating gun and the horizontal direction is 5-45 degrees, the number of the high-temperature plasma heating guns is 2N, and N is a natural number larger than 0.
2. A gasification process according to claim 1 wherein the gasifier gasification zone (22) and gasifier slag zone (23) are each independently cylindrical; the gasifier moving bed area (21) and the gasifier fluidization area (20) are respectively and independently conical, and the ratio of the maximum cross section to the cross section area of the gasifier slag area (23) is not less than 4; the upper free space zone (19) of the gasification furnace is in a vault shape.
3. A gasification process according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the ratio of the height of the gasifier moving bed zone (21) and the gasifier fluidization zone (20) is (3-10): 1; the ratio of the height of the free space zone (19) at the upper part of the gasification furnace and the height of the fluidization zone (20) of the gasification furnace is (5-10): 1.
4. A gasification process according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the gasifier (7) is provided with a recycle inlet (11) at 1/4-3/4 of the gasifier moving bed zone (21) for receiving solid particles separated by the thermal cyclone (13); the position of the raw material A inlet (6) is at the joint of the free space zone (19) at the upper part of the gasification furnace and the fluidization zone (20) of the gasification furnace; the raw material B inlet (18) is arranged at 1/4-1/2 of the arch shape of the upper free space zone (19) of the gasification furnace; the raw material A inlet (6) and the raw material B inlet (18) are respectively provided with 2 inlets and are symmetrically arranged.
5. A gasification process according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the gasifying agent is CO 2 Steam or its mixed gas, and gasifying agent linear speed is 100-350 m/s.
6. A gasification process according to claim 5, wherein the gasifier (7) is operated at a pressure of 0 to 5MPa and the pyrolysis furnace (10) is operated at a temperature of 600 to 900 ℃; the temperature range of the drying equipment (5) is 200-300 ℃.
7. The gasification process according to claim 6, wherein the particle size of the feedstock A (1) is in the range of 100 to 1000 μm;
the particle size range of the raw material B (9) is 100-1000 mu m, and the feeding mass ratio of the raw material A inlet (6) to the raw material B inlet (18) is (0.1-0.5): 1.
8. A gasification process according to claim 6 or 7 wherein the gasifier slag zone (23) temperature is 1300-1500 ℃, the solids holdup is 0.8-0.95; the core temperature of the gasification area (22) of the gasification furnace is 1500-2000 ℃, and the solid content is 0.1-0.25; the temperature of the moving bed area (21) of the gasification furnace is 800-900 ℃, and the solid content is 0.6-0.75; the temperature of a fluidized area (20) of the gasification furnace is 800-850 ℃, and the solid content is 0.3-0.6; the temperature of the free space zone (19) at the upper part of the gasification furnace is 700-800 ℃, and the solid content is 0.1-0.3.
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