CN112704963A - 空气滤清器 - Google Patents

空气滤清器 Download PDF

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CN112704963A
CN112704963A CN202011131200.2A CN202011131200A CN112704963A CN 112704963 A CN112704963 A CN 112704963A CN 202011131200 A CN202011131200 A CN 202011131200A CN 112704963 A CN112704963 A CN 112704963A
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filter
cartridge
air cleaner
air
case
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市川哲也
增田浩一
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Abstract

本公开提供一种空气滤清器。在空气滤清器(70)中，在空气滤清器壳体(60)中以可拆装的方式而安装有盒(10)。在盒(10)中，收纳有使化学过滤器(32)和空气滤清器滤件(36)被层压而成的过滤器(40)。在进行过滤器(40)的更换或检查时，从空气滤清器壳体(60)中将盒(10)抽出，并且，从盒(10)中将过滤器(40)卸下。此外，在更换或检查结束后，将过滤器(40)收纳至盒(10)中，并将盒(10)安装到空气滤清器壳体(60)中。

Description

空气滤清器
技术领域
本公开涉及一种具备过滤器并对空气进行净化的空气滤清器。
背景技术
已知一种具备对空气中所包含的污染物质等进行捕获的化学过滤器的空气滤清器。
在日本特开2008-21500号公报中对一种燃料电池用的空气滤清器进行了记载，该空气滤清器将除尘器(相当于空气滤清器滤件)以及化学过滤器构成为单元，且该单元被收纳在使空气导入管和下游的配管于内部连通的容器内。
在日本特开2006-179332号公报中对一种被搭载用于燃料电池车的滤清器进行了记载。在该滤清器中，化学过滤器和除尘器(相当于空气滤清器滤件)被收入于同一个壳体中。
在日本特开2019-106306号公报中对如下技术进行了记载，即，在燃料电池车用的滤清器中，利用第一预过滤器和第二预过滤器而对化学过滤器进行夹持并将之放入壳体部件中，且进一步在该壳体部件中放入滤芯(相当于空气滤清器滤件)。
发明内容
一般情况下，在空气滤清器中，为了提高污染物质等的去除性能，使空气滤清器滤件以及化学过滤器被切实地固定在空气滤清器壳体中。而另一方面，在进行空气滤清器滤件或者化学过滤器的更换或检查的情况下，需要进行将空气滤清器壳体局部性地分解的作业，从而作业效率较低。在上述的三个专利文献(日本特开2008-21500号公报、日本特开2006-179332号公报、日本特开2019-106306号公报)中，也并没有对过滤器的更换作业以及检查作业进行研究。
本公开的目的在于，在空气滤清器中，使空气滤清器滤件或者化学过滤器的更换作业或检查作业效率化。
本公开所涉及的空气滤清器具备：盒，其对空气滤清器滤件以及化学过滤器进行收纳；空气滤清器壳体，其以可拆装的方式而安装有所述盒。
在本公开的一个方式中，所述盒的被安装于空气滤清器壳体中的情况下的空气流的上游侧和下游侧的各面之中，一个面被形成为具有可插入工作人员的手指的空隙的较粗的网格结构，另一个面以开口的方式而被形成。
根据本公开，过滤器被收纳在以可拆装的方式而被安装于空气滤清器壳体中的盒内，从而能够使过滤器的更换或检查容易化。
附图说明
图1为实施方式所涉及的空气滤清器的盒的示意性立体图。
图2为图1的AA面上的盒的剖视图。
图3为盒和过滤器的分解图。
图4为过滤器收纳完成后的盒和空气滤清器壳体的分解图。
具体实施方式
以下，在参照附图的同时对实施方式进行说明。虽然在说明中，为了易于理解而示出具体的方式，但这些只是对实施方式进行例示的内容，除此之外也可以采用各种各样的实施方式。
参照图1和图2来对构成实施方式所涉及的空气滤清器的盒10进行说明。图1为盒10的立体图。图2为图1的AA面上的盒10的剖视图。图1以及图2(还有图3以及图4)中的x-y-z坐标系是共通的。x轴方向表示将过滤器收纳至盒10中的方向，z轴方向表示将盒10从空气滤清器中取出的方向。
盒10为对过滤器进行收纳的容器。如图1以及图2所示，盒10的上壁12、侧壁14、下壁16、斜壁18以及侧壁20围绕出对过滤器进行收纳的空间26。上壁12被形成为长方形形状的较薄的板状。上壁12与空间26相比而在x轴以及y轴的正以及负方向上延伸得较长。这是由于在将盒10安装至空气滤清器壳体中的情况下，上壁12成为封堵空气滤清器壳体的盖子的缘故。侧壁14、下壁16、斜壁18以及侧壁20也分别被形成为较薄的长方形形状，且在x轴方向上的长度与空间26的x轴方向的长度大致相同。
空间26中的x轴的正侧的端面被形成为由多个纵框架22a和多个横框架22b组成的格子形状，并且成为在纵框架22a和横框架22b之间形成有多个空隙22c的较粗的网格结构。网格结构是指，在面上分布有多个空隙22c的这种结构。在将过滤器收纳在空间26中的情况下，纵框架22a和横框架22b成为用于使过滤器不从该端面飞出的止动件。此外，空隙22不仅形成空气的流道，还能够用于将被收纳在空间26中的过滤器推出。因此，采用较粗的网格结构，以使得能够从空隙22c而将工作人员的手指插入。虽然工作人员的手指的粗细程度存在个体差异，但在此例如假定使用空气滤清器的国家或地区内的九成以上的成年男性的拇指可插入的程度的空隙22c。一般情况下，存在成年女性的拇指与成年男性的拇指相比而较细的倾向，从而被认为成年女性的拇指能够以更高的概率而插入至空隙22c中。
空间26中的x轴的负侧端并未在中心附近处设置部件，从而成为用于将过滤器取出放入的开口面24。在开口面24上，也可以在开口的边缘的一部分或全部处设置凸缘，从而对过滤器进行支承以使其不会脱落。
在侧壁14的外表面上设置有金属制的板簧28。板簧28具有作为将盒10安装在空气滤清器壳体中时的固定件的功能。
盒10例如通过对树脂进行模具成形并将金属制的板簧28安装在其上，从而被形成。或者，也可以不在盒10上设置板簧28，而是将板簧28安装在后述的空气滤清器壳体60上，并在盒10上设置相对应的嵌合结构来进行替代。此外，例如也可以采用设置树脂壁彼此嵌合的结构等的、其它的固定结构，来代替板簧28。
图3为表示在盒10中对过滤器40进行收纳的状况的分解图。过滤器40以从盒10的纵框架22a以及横框架22b侧起依次重叠有第一预过滤器30、化学过滤器32、第二预过滤器34、空气滤清器滤件36的方式而被形成。
第一预过滤器30和第二预过滤器34为，利用比较薄的网眼状的部件而制作成的过滤器。第一预过滤器30和第二预过滤器34以夹着化学过滤器32的方式而被设置，从而对化学过滤器32进行保护。即，在防止灰尘侵入到化学过滤器32中的情况的同时，防止被涂覆在化学过滤器32上的碱浸渍活性炭等飞散的情况。但是，也可以在不设置第一预过滤器30和第二预过滤器34中的一方或者双方的条件下，形成过滤器40。
化学过滤器32为，基于化学作用而将空气中所含有的污染物质等的化学物质去除的过滤器。化学过滤器32例如通过在成为基材的铝薄板蜂窝体上涂覆成为催化剂的二氧化锰颗粒和碱浸渍活性炭从而被形成。铝薄板蜂窝体为，被设置有直径1～2mm左右的多个贯穿小孔的部件。二氧化锰颗粒和碱浸渍活性炭被涂覆在该贯穿小孔的内壁整个面上，并对流过该贯穿小孔的空气中的污染物质等化学物质进行吸附、或者在化学性地进行分解。
空气滤清器滤件36为，也被称为空气滤清器过滤器或者空气过滤器的过滤器。空气滤清器滤件36例如利用纸、无纺布等的具有透气性的较细的网眼状的部件来制作，从而在物理上对外部气体中所含有的沙石以及灰尘等进行去除。在图示的示例中，在空气滤清器滤件36的x轴的负方向端处设置有凸缘36a，以防止从侧部的空气的漏出。另外，虽然在图3所示的示例中设为将空气滤清器滤件36设置在与化学过滤器32相比靠下游处，但是也可以将空气滤清器滤件36设置在与化学过滤器32相比靠上游处。
过滤器40从x轴的负方向朝向正方向而被收纳至盒10中。通过依次将第一预过滤器30、化学过滤器32、第二预过滤器34、空气滤清器滤件36层压进盒10中，从而能够将过滤器40收纳到盒10中。此外，也可以在预先将第一预过滤器30、化学过滤器32、第二预过滤器34、空气滤清器滤件36中的一部分或者全部进行层压之后，将它们收纳到盒10中。
通过将过滤器40安装至盒10中，从而形成了过滤器收纳完成后的盒50。
图4为，表示将过滤器收纳完成后的盒50安装至空气滤清器壳体60中的状况的分解图。空气滤清器壳体60例如通过对模具成形出的多个树脂进行组合而被形成。
在空气滤清器壳体60上设置有空气吸入口62和空气排出口64。空气吸入口62与引入外部空气的流道连结。此外，空气排出口64例如与通向燃料电池等的设备的流道连结。
此外，在空气滤清器壳体60上设置有盒安装口66。盒安装口66供过滤器收纳完成后的盒50进行安装，所述过滤器收纳完成后的盒50为，被安装了过滤器40后的盒10。在将过滤器收纳完成后的盒50安装到盒安装口66中的过程中，盒10的板簧28会发生弹性变形，从而使得向盒安装口66的推入成为可能。而且，在进行了安装之后，板簧28在防止过滤器收纳完成后的盒50从盒安装口66上脱离的情况的同时，提高盒10与空气滤清器壳体60之间的密闭程度以防止空气的漏出。
在过滤器收纳完成后的盒50被安装至空气滤清器壳体60中的情况下，盒10的较大的上壁12成为封堵盒安装口66的盖。由此，防止了从盒安装口66的空气的漏出。在盒安装口66与上壁12相接的部位处，也可以根据需要而设置防止空气的漏出的弹性树脂等。
在进行过滤器收纳完成后的盒50的卸下时，过滤器收纳完成后的盒50以一定程度上较强的力而被拉起。通过该力，从而板簧28发生弹性变形，以使得过滤器收纳完成后的盒50能够卸下。
空气滤清器70例如被设置在燃料电池车的前部处。而且，在燃料电池的运转过程中，外部空气从空气滤清器壳体60的空气吸入口62被引入。被吸入至空气吸入口62的空气会从盒10内的过滤器40通过。即，空气会依次通过第一预过滤器30、化学过滤器32、第二预过滤器34以及空气滤清器滤件36。在该过程中，化学过滤器32将微小的化学物质去除。此外，空气滤清器滤件36将沙石、灰尘去除。在被去除的灰尘中，还包含有所谓的PM2.5等的微小颗粒状物质。以这样的方式被净化后的空气从空气排出口64被排出，并被输送至燃料电池处。
在燃料电池车跨较长期间而被运转的情况下，会使得过滤器40逐渐降低其净化性能。即，化学过滤器32除了由于化学反应而发生劣化之外，还会由于污物而使其净化性能降低。此外，空气滤清器滤件36会附着沙石、灰尘从而引起堵塞，以使得净化性能降低。因此，对过滤器40进行更换的作业成为必需。
因此，在燃料电池车中，在定期检查等的时机，过滤器收纳完成后的盒50会从空气滤清器壳体60上被卸下。然后，通过用手指等从盒10的空隙22c将过滤器40推出，从而使过滤器40被卸下。被卸下的过滤器40通过目视等而被实施状态确认，以对更换必要性进行判断。此外，例如还通过行驶距离、或者检测劣化的试纸等的状态，来对过滤器40的更换必要性进行判断。作为状态确认的结果，会根据需要而实施化学过滤器32和空气滤清器滤件36中的一方或双方的更换。此外，还会根据需要而实施第一预过滤器30和第二预过滤器34的更换。
无论有无进行过滤器40的更换，过滤器40均再次被收纳到盒10中。然后，过滤器收纳完成后的盒50被安装到空气滤清器壳体60中。
在空气滤清器70中，由于过滤器收纳完成后的盒50成为盒式结构，因此其能够以任意次数而在空气滤清器壳体60上进行拆装。此外，由于能够通过将过滤器收纳完成后的盒50推入来进行安装，并通过将之拉起而使取出成为可能，因此能够很容易地在短时间内实施拆装。由此，使得过滤器40的更换或检查的作业也被效率化。
在以上的说明中设为，在空气滤清器70中，将盒10中的纵框架22a以及横框架22b侧设为上游而使空气流通。因此，过滤器40会通过空气压力而朝向盒10的开口面24被推压。然而，在实施方式中，假定了过滤器40以某种程度的压力被压入至盒10中从而被收纳，且过滤器40并不会向开口面24侧被推出的情况。在假设过滤器40具有通过空气压力而进行移动的可能性的情况下，只需以使纵框架22a以及横框架22b位于空气流的下游的方式来对盒10的朝向进行设计即可。
另外，在进行空气滤清器70的更换时，也可以安装新的过滤器收纳完成后的盒50来代替被卸下的过滤器收纳完成后的盒50。也就是说，也能够采用盒10和过滤器40全部被进行替换的过滤芯筒方式。
在以上的说明中，假定了空气滤清器70被用于燃料电池车。然而，实施方式所涉及的空气滤清器70也能够应用于使用燃料电池的其它的移动体以及设备，还能够应用于并不使用燃料电池的移动体(包括车辆在内)以及设备中。

Claims (2)

1.一种空气滤清器，其特征在于，具备：
盒，其对空气滤清器滤件以及化学过滤器进行收纳；
空气滤清器壳体，其以可拆装的方式而安装有所述盒。
2.如权利要求1所述的空气滤清器，其特征在于，
所述盒的被安装于空气滤清器壳体中的情况下的空气流的上游侧和下游侧的各面之中，一个面被形成为具有可插入工作人员的手指的空隙的较粗的网格结构，另一个面以开口的方式而被形成。
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