CN112704696A - 一种治疗鼻炎的中药组合物 - Google Patents
一种治疗鼻炎的中药组合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种治疗鼻炎的中药组合物,包括下述重量份配比的原料:黄芪15‑25份、白术5‑15份、防风5‑15份、柴胡1‑11份、白芷5‑15份、辛夷1‑11份、鹅不食草1‑11份、广藿香1‑11份、丹皮5‑15份、乌梅1‑11份、党参5‑15份及苍耳子5‑10份。该组合物配方科学,诸药合用,效果明显,价格适中,使用方便,临床疗效显著。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及中药学技术领域,更具体地说是涉及一种治疗鼻炎的中药组合物。
背景技术
鼻炎即鼻腔炎性疾病,是病毒、细菌、变应原、各种理化因子以及某些全身性疾病引起的鼻腔黏膜的炎症。鼻炎的主要病理改变是鼻腔黏膜充血、肿胀、渗出、增生、萎缩或坏死等,鼻炎虽不直接危害人的生命,但鼻炎反复发作的特点及其漫长病程,常常严重影响人的生活、工作及交际,给鼻炎患者带来诸多不便;而且,鼻炎会并发肺气肿、肺心病、哮喘等病症,严重者还可能会导致鼻咽恶性肿瘤。
现阶段,鼻炎的治疗以西药为主,鼻内用糖皮质激素是慢性鼻炎首选用药,具有良好抗炎作用,并最终产生减充血效果,但是糖皮质激素只能暂时起到缓解症状的效果,而且,长期在鼻腔内使用糖皮质激素对肝、肾及心肺功能均有不同程度的损伤;盐酸羟甲唑啉喷雾剂,其作为一种鼻内用减充血剂也具备缓解鼻炎的效果,但是其连续应用不宜超过7天,否则会损害鼻黏膜纤毛结构。
中草药是我国传统治疗疾病的药物,与西药不同,其对人体的副作用小,且能从根本上调节人体的阴阳平衡,以达到根治疾病的效果。
因此,如何提供一种治疗鼻炎的中药组合物是本领域技术人员亟需解决的问题。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明提供了一种治疗鼻炎的中药组合物,配方科学,诸药合用,效果明显,价格适中,使用方便,临床疗效显著。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种治疗鼻炎的中药组合物,包括下述重量份配比的原料:
黄芪15-25份、白术5-15份、防风5-15份、柴胡1-11份、白芷5-15份、辛夷1-11份、鹅不食草1-11份、广藿香1-11份、丹皮5-15份、乌梅1-11份、党参5-15份及苍耳子5-10份。
作为本发明优选的技术方案,所述治疗鼻炎的中药组合物包括下述最优重量份配比的原料:
黄芪20份、白术10份、防风10份、柴胡6份、白芷10份、辛夷6份、鹅不食草6份、广藿香6份、丹皮10份、乌梅6份、党参10份及苍耳子6份。
各中药的药效为:
黄芪,为豆科植物蒙古黄芪或膜荚黄芪的干燥根。别名:箭芪,百本,王孙,锦芪,绵黄芪。【性味】甘,微温。归肺、脾经。【功能主治】补气升阳,固表止汗,利水消肿,生津养血,行滞通痹,托毒排脓,敛疮生肌。用于气虚乏力,食少便溏,中气下陷,久泻脱肛,便血崩漏,表虚自汗,气虚水肿,内热消渴,血虚萎黄,半身不遂,痹痛麻木,痈疽难溃,久溃不敛。
白术,为菊科植物白术的干燥根茎。【性味】苦、甘,温。归脾、胃经。【功能主治】健脾益气,燥湿利水,止汗,安胎。用于脾虚食少,腹胀泄泻,痰饮眩悸,水肿,自汗,胎动不安。
防风,为伞形科植物防风的干燥根。【性味】辛、甘,微温。归膀胱、肝、脾经。【功能主治】祛风解表,胜湿止痛,止痉。用于感冒头痛,风湿痹痛,风珍瘙痒,破伤风。
柴胡,伞形科植物柴胡或狭叶柴胡干燥根。按性状不同,分别习称“北柴胡”及“南柴胡”。【性味】苦,微寒。归肝、胆经。【功能主治】和解表里,疏肝,升阳。用于感冒发热,寒热往来,胸胁胀痛,月经不调,子宫脱垂,脱肛。
白芷,为伞形科植物白芷或杭白芷的干燥根。【性味】辛,温。归胃、大肠、肺经。【功能主治】解表散寒,祛风止痛,宣通鼻窍,燥湿止带,消肿排脓。用于感冒头痛,眉棱骨痛,鼻塞流涕,鼻鼽,鼻渊,牙痛,带下,疮疡肿痛。
辛夷,为木兰科植物望春花玉兰或武当玉兰的干燥花蕾。冬术春初花未开放时采收,除去枝梗,阴干。【性味】苦,微寒。归肝、胆经。【功能主治】和解表里,疏肝,升阳。用于感冒发热,寒热往来,胸胁胀痛,月经不调,子宫脱垂,脱肛。
鹅不食草,为菊科植物鹅不食草的干燥全草。【性味】辛,温。归肺、肝经。【功能主治】通鼻窍,止咳。用于风寒头痛,咳嗽痰多,鼻塞不通,鼻渊流涕。
广藿香,为唇形科植物广藿香的干燥地上部分。枝叶茂盛时采割,日晒夜闷,反复至干。【性味】辛,微温。归脾、胃、肺经。【功能主治】芳香化浊,和中止呕,发表解暑。用于湿浊中阻,脘痞呕吐,暑湿表证,湿温初起,发热倦怠,胸闷不舒,寒湿闭暑,腹痛吐泻,鼻渊头痛。
丹皮,为毛莨科植物牡丹的干燥根皮。秋季采挖根部,除去细根和泥沙,剥取根皮,晒干或刮去粗皮,除去木心,晒干。前者习称连丹皮,后者习称刮丹皮。【性味】苦、辛,微寒。归心、肝、肾经。【功能主治】清热凉血,活血化瘀。用于热入营血,温毒发斑,吐血衄血,夜热早凉,无汗骨蒸,经闭痛经,跌扑伤痛,痈肿疮毒。
乌梅,为蔷薇科植物梅的干燥近成熟果实。夏季果实近成熟时采收,低温烘干后闷至色变黑。【性味】酸、涩,平。归肝、脾、肺、大肠经。【功能主治】敛肺,涩肠,生津,安蛔。用于肺虚久咳,久泻久痢,虚热消渴,蛔厥、呕吐腹痛。
党参,桔梗科党参属,多年生草本植物。【性味】甘,平。【功能主治】补中益气,和胃生津,祛痰止咳。用于脾虚食少便溏,四肢无力,心悸,气短,口干,自汗,脱肛,阴挺。
苍耳子,为菊科植物苍耳的干燥成熟带总苞的果实。【性味】味辛、苦,性温,有毒,归肺经。【功能主治】具有散风除湿、通窍止痛的功能。生苍耳子以消风止痒力强。常用于皮肤痒疹及其他皮肤病。
本发明中各成分的药理功能是:
中医认为,鼻炎属“鼻鼽”范畴,历代医家认为本病的发作与体质因素和外界因素有密切关系。纵观诸家学说认为鼻鼽的病因多为“风、寒、热”,病位在“肺、脾、肾”,病证多分为肺虚感寒型、火热犯肺型、脾肺气虚型和元阳虚弱型等,治疗原则为益气固表、祛风散寒、温阳固表、温脾补肾等之法。其中以肺虚感寒型和脾肺气虚型为多,其发病机理主要是脾土虚不能培金、肺卫不固,外邪犯鼻所致。方中鹅不食草、黄芪、白术、党参益气固表、通鼻止喘为君药;防风、柴胡、白芷、辛夷、苍耳子祛风散寒、通鼻窍为臣药;广藿香、丹皮、乌梅活血祛瘀、凉血止痒、收敛止涕为佐药,诸药合用,共奏培土固表、益气疏风、利窍通鼻之功效,用于脾肺气虚,外感风寒之鼻鼽病。
本发明的有益效果:
本发明经临床实践证明,中药配方科学,诸药合用,效果明显,价格适中,使用方便,临床疗效显著。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
一种治疗鼻炎的中药组合物,包括黄芪15份、白术5份、防风5份、柴胡1份、白芷5份、辛夷1份、鹅不食草1份、广藿香1份、丹皮5份、乌梅1份、党参5份及苍耳子5份;
制备方法为:
按比例称取上述党参、苍耳子、鹅不食草、白术、防风、柴胡、白芷、辛夷、广藿香、丹皮等八味中药先加水蒸馏提取挥发油,取挥发油以用β-CD(β-环糊精)包合,备用;药渣及水煎液经过滤,水煎液备用,另取药渣再加水二次煎煮,过滤,合并两次水煎液,浓缩成稠膏,加入95%乙醇沉淀,回收乙醇并浓缩干燥成浸膏,粉碎,备用。另将黄芪、乌梅两味中药用乙醇回流提取,提取液回收乙醇并浓缩干燥成浸膏,粉碎,再与环糊精包结物混匀,加入适量辅料混匀,制成颗粒剂。
实施例2
一种治疗鼻炎的中药组合物,包括黄芪25份、白术15份、防风15份、柴胡11份、白芷15份、辛夷11份、鹅不食草11份、广藿香11份、丹皮15份、乌梅11份、党参15份及苍耳子10份;
制备方法为:
按比例称取上述党参、苍耳子、鹅不食草、白术、防风、柴胡、白芷、辛夷、广藿香、丹皮等八味中药先加水蒸馏提取挥发油,取挥发油以用β-CD(β-环糊精)包合,备用;药渣及水煎液经过滤,水煎液备用,另取药渣再加水二次煎煮,过滤,合并两次水煎液,浓缩成稠膏,加入95%乙醇沉淀,回收乙醇并浓缩干燥成浸膏,粉碎,备用。另将黄芪、乌梅两味中药用乙醇回流提取,提取液回收乙醇并浓缩干燥成浸膏,粉碎,再与环糊精包结物混匀,加入适量辅料混匀,制成颗粒剂。
实施例3
一种治疗鼻炎的中药组合物,包括黄芪20份、白术10份、防风10份、柴胡6份、白芷10份、辛夷6份、鹅不食草6份、广藿香6份、丹皮10份、乌梅6份、党参10份及苍耳子6份;
制备方法为:
按比例称取上述党参、苍耳子、鹅不食草、白术、防风、柴胡、白芷、辛夷、广藿香、丹皮等八味中药先加水蒸馏提取挥发油,取挥发油以用β-CD(β-环糊精)包合,备用;药渣及水煎液经过滤,水煎液备用,另取药渣再加水二次煎煮,过滤,合并两次水煎液,浓缩成稠膏,加入95%乙醇沉淀,回收乙醇并浓缩干燥成浸膏,粉碎,备用。另将黄芪、乌梅两味中药用乙醇回流提取,提取液回收乙醇并浓缩干燥成浸膏,粉碎,再与环糊精包结物混匀,加入适量辅料混匀,制成颗粒剂。
选取患有不同程度鼻炎的志愿者60名(均伴随有鼻塞、头疼、呼吸不畅及鼻腔干燥的症状,内镜检查,均显示鼻腔不同程度地充血)分为3组,分别为:试验组1、试验组2和试验组3;每组对应服用实施例1、2、3中制备而成的中药颗粒,每天2-3次,每次2-3克,三十天一疗程;6个月后,记录60名患者的治疗情况,结果见表1;
其中,3个月内症状减轻或消失,即为有效;
3个月内症状无明显改变,即为无效;
3个月内症状消失,且3个月后不复发即为治愈;
总有效人数=有效人数+治愈人数。
试验组1:服用实施例1中制备而成的中药颗粒3个月;
试验组2:服用实施例2中制备而成的中药颗粒3个月;
试验组3:服用实施例3中制备而成的中药颗粒3个月;
表1
有效 | 治愈 | 总有效 | 无效 | |
试验组1 | 17 | 1 | 18 | 2 |
试验组2 | 18 | 1 | 19 | 1 |
试验组3 | 16 | 4 | 20 | 0 |
药效试验
受试药品:实施例3中的方法制备成的浸膏,每克浸膏含生药2.25g。
试验动物:昆明种小鼠,雌雄各半,体重180-220g,购自广西医科大学实验动物中心,生产许可证:SCXK桂2014-0002。
BALB/c小鼠,雄性,体重140-160g,SPF级,购自广东省医学实验动物中心,生产许可证号:SCXK(粤)2013-0002。
试验仪器和试剂:
鸡卵清蛋白,购自SIGMA公司,批号:036M4018V;
氢氧化铝,购自天津市大茂化学试剂厂,批号:20170308;
2,4-二硝基氯苯,购自山东西亚化学股份有限公司,批号:W5656;
二甲苯:购自国药集团化学试剂有限公司,批号:20100507;
依文思蓝:购自国药集团化学试剂有限公司,批号:WC20070607;
地塞米松片,购自天津力生制药股份有限公司,批号:1605020;
小鼠OVA-IgE ELISA试剂盒,购自天津安诺瑞康生物技术有限公司;
SQP电子天平,购自赛多利斯科学仪器(北京)有限公司;
Multiskan Go全波长全自动多功能酶标仪,购自Thermo Fisher Scientific公司;
722可见光分光光度计,购自上海精密科学仪器有限公司;
TDL-5-A离心机,购自上海安亭科学仪器厂。
实施例4组合物浸膏对过敏性鼻炎的干预作用
试验过程:
选取140-160gSPF级雄性Balb/c小鼠60只,适应性饲养一周后,随机分为空白组、模型组、地塞米松组、组合物浸膏高、中、低剂量组。除空白组外,其余各组小鼠均使用卵清蛋白致敏,将100μg鸡卵清蛋白+2mg氢氧化铝粉末溶于0.1ml0..9%氯化钠溶液中,分别于造模的第0、2、4、6、8、10、12、14天对小鼠进行腹腔注射,第15-25天每日分别用500μg鸡卵清蛋白溶于10μl0.9%氯化钠溶液中,对小鼠进行滴鼻,每个鼻孔10μl,连续激发11d。
空白组小鼠均同期使用等量的0.9%氯化钠溶液进行相同处理。
各组小鼠于实验开始即灌胃给药,每日1次,给药体积20ml/kg,组合物浸膏高、中、低剂量组分别为30、15、7.5g生药/kg体重;地塞米松组给药量为0.002g/kg体重;空白组给予等量蒸馏水,共灌胃25d,模型组不给药。各组末次激发后观察30min,观察小鼠鼻痒、打喷嚏及流涕情况,通过记分总分进行行为学评价,记分标准:①鼻痒:轻摩擦鼻为1分,对鼻面部抓挠不止为2分,到处摩擦为3分;②打喷嚏:1-3个为1分,4-10个为2分,11个及以上为3分;③清水样涕:流到鼻前孔为1分,超过前鼻孔为2分,涕流满面为3分。以叠加法记录总分,总分超过5分即为造模成功。各组记分结束后,于末次激发后2h取外周血离心,取血清,ELISA法检测IgE抗体水平变化。试验数据用SPSS22.0软件进行统计学分析。结果显示:与空白组相比,模型组小鼠行为学总评分及血清IgE含量显著升高,具有显著性差异(p<0.05);与模型组比较,组合物浸膏高、中剂量组及地塞米松组均能明显降低小鼠行为学总评分及血清IgE含量,差异具有统计学意义(p<0.05),提示实施例3中公开的中药组合物能显著改善过敏性鼻炎的过敏症状,且能够调节血清IgE水平发挥作用,结果见表1;
注:与空白组比较,*p<0.05,与模型组比较,Δp<0.05。
实施例5二硝基氯苯外敷致小鼠迟发型超敏反应
取180-220g健康成年昆明种小鼠50只,雌雄各半,随机分为5组,即对照组、地塞米松组、组合物浸膏高、中、低剂量组,每组10只。各组给予相对应的药物进行灌胃,对照组给予等量蒸馏水。每天一次,连续8天,给药后第2天、第5天于小鼠背部皮下注射7%DNCB丙酮溶液(0.02ml/只)且致敏当天给药2次。末次给药前15h以1%DNCB丙酮溶液0.03ml/只滴于小鼠右耳前后两面进行攻击。末次给药后1h处死动物,以8mm打孔器取两耳同一部位耳片,称重,计算肿胀度,采用SPSS22.0软件统计学分析。结果显示:与对照组相比,组合物高剂量组及地塞米松组均能减轻小鼠耳片的肿胀度,有显著性差异(p<0.05),提示实施例3中的组合物能够有效抑制小鼠迟发型超敏反应,见表2;
注:与对照组比较,*p<0.05。
实施例5小鼠毛细血管通透性试验
选取健康昆明种小鼠50只,雌雄各半,体重180-220g,随机分为5组,对照组、地塞米松组、组合物浸膏高、中、低剂量组,每组10只。各组每天灌胃给药1次,给药体积20ml/kg,组合物高中低剂量分别为30、15、7.5g生药/kg体重,地塞米松为0.002g/kg体重,对照组给予等量蒸馏水,连续7天。末次给药后30min,各组尾静脉注射1%伊文思蓝溶液0.1ml/10g体重,然后立即腹腔注射0.6%醋酸0.2ml/只,20min后,处死小鼠,剪开腹部表皮,用5ml生理盐水冲洗腹腔数次,收集洗涤液,1000rpm离心5min,取上清液,采用分光光度计在590nm处测定OD值,采用SPSS22.0软件进行统计学分析。结果显示:与对照组比较,组合物浸膏高、低剂量组及地塞米松组均能显著降低光密度OD值,具有统计学意义(p<0.05),提示组合物浸膏能够显著拮抗醋酸引起的毛细血管通透性增加,见表3;
注:与对照组比较,*p<0.05。
实施例6小鼠耳廓肿胀试验
选取昆明小鼠50只,雌雄各半,体质量180-220g,随机分为5组,对照组、地塞米松组、合物浸膏高、中、低剂量组,每组10只。各组每天灌胃给药1次,给药体积20ml/kg,组合物浸膏高、中、低剂量组分别为30、15、7.5g生药/kg体重,地塞米松为0.002g/kg体重,对照组给予等量蒸馏水,连续7天。末次给药后30min,将二甲苯以0.03ml/只涂抹于小鼠右耳廓两面,左耳作为对照。0.5h后处死小鼠,剪下两只耳壳,使其两耳重叠,用直径为8mm冲凿取耳片,称重,以右耳片重量-左耳片重量来计算各组肿胀度,采用SPSS22.0软件进行统计学分析,计算肿胀抑制率=(对照组平均肿胀度-给药组平均肿胀度)/对照组平均肿胀度*100%。结果显示,与对照组比较,组合物浸膏高剂量组及地塞米松片组均能减轻小鼠耳廓肿胀度,有显著性差异(p<0.05),提示组合物浸膏能够有效减轻小鼠耳廓肿胀,见表4;
注:与对照组比较,*p<0.05。
实施例7小鼠棉球肉芽肿试验
选取昆明种小鼠50只,雌雄各半,随机分为5组,对照组、地塞米松组、组合物浸膏高、中、低剂量组,每组10只。试验时将小鼠用乙醚麻醉,常规消毒后在小鼠右侧腹部切口,将已称重好的灭菌棉球(每个10mg),置入小鼠对侧腋下,缝合伤口。各组于手术当日开始每天灌胃给药1次,给药体积20ml/kg,组合物浸膏高、中、低剂量组分别为30、15.7.5g生药/kg体重,地塞米松为0.002g/kg体重,对照组给予等量的蒸馏水,连续10天。末次药后1h,将小鼠处死,剥离并取出棉球肉芽组织,在60℃烘箱内干燥4h称重棉球肉芽肿重量,采用SPSS22.0软件进行统计学分析。结果显示,与对照组比较,地塞米松组能显著减轻棉球肉芽肿重量,有显著性差异(p<0.05)。提示组合物浸膏对小鼠棉球肉芽肿的增生未见明显影响。见表5;
注:与对照组相比,*p<0.05。
结论:实施例3中公开的组合物,可以显著改善过敏性鼻炎、鼻腔充血等症状,但是对鼻腔内息肉等病变无显著治疗效果。
实施例8
按照实施例4中的方法对试验组1-3的中药组合物进行试验;
试验组1:实施例3中的中药组合物;
试验组2:去除实施例3中党参和苍耳子的中药组合物;
试验组3:去除实施例3中防风和白芷的中药组合物;
实验结果表明:与空白组相比,模型组小鼠行为学总评分及血清IgE含量显著升高,具有显著性差异(p<0.05);与模型组比较,试验组1浸膏高、中剂量组及地塞米松组均能明显降低小鼠行为学总评分及血清IgE含量,差异具有统计学意义(p<0.05),提示试验组1(实施例3中公开的中药组合物)能显著改善过敏性鼻炎的过敏症状,且能够调节血清IgE水平发挥作用。试验组2(去除实施例3中党参和苍耳子的中药组合物)及试验组3(去除实施例3中防风和白芷的中药组合物)高、中、低剂量组均能不同程度地降低小鼠行为学总评分及血清IgE含量,但差异不具有统计学意义。以上试验提示,试验组1,即实施例3中的中药组合物,与试验组2,试验组3比较,试验效果最好。
结果见表6;
表6
注:与空白组比较,*p<0.05,与模型组比较,Δp<0.05。
本说明书中各个实施例采用递进的方式描述,每个实施例重点说明的都是与其他实施例的不同之处,各个实施例之间相同相似部分互相参见即可。
对所公开的实施例的上述说明,使本领域专业技术人员能够实现或使用本发明。对这些实施例的多种修改对本领域的专业技术人员来说将是显而易见的,本文中所定义的一般原理可以在不脱离本发明的精神或范围的情况下,在其它实施例中实现。因此,本发明将不会被限制于本文所示的这些实施例,而是要符合与本文所公开的原理和新颖特点相一致的最宽的范围。
Claims (2)
1.一种治疗鼻炎的中药组合物,其特征在于,包括下述重量份配比的原料:
黄芪15-25份、白术5-15份、防风5-15份、柴胡1-11份、白芷5-15份、辛夷1-11份、鹅不食草1-11份、广藿香1-11份、丹皮5-15份、乌梅1-11份、党参5-15份及苍耳子5-10份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种治疗鼻炎的中药组合物,其特征在于,包括下述最优重量份配比的原料:
黄芪20份、白术10份、防风10份、柴胡6份、白芷10份、辛夷6份、鹅不食草6份、广藿香6份、丹皮10份、乌梅6份、党参10份及苍耳子6份。
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