CN112703948B - Cultivation method of ornamental tree with ultra-long support root system - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method of an ornamental tree with an ultra-long support root system, which comprises the following steps of 1: selecting a target tree with deep root and stronger plasticity, fully knowing the root growth characteristics of the tree, 2: selecting healthy seedlings of target trees, ridging and building high platforms in a target place in a layering manner for cultivating the target trees, layering and stacking the soil of the high platforms, planting the healthy seedlings of the target trees in the uppermost layer of soil, wherein the soil of different layers respectively corresponds to the positions of roots of different stages of the target trees; 3: gradually withdrawing part of the soil on the uppermost layer for multiple times, gradually exposing the root system on the upper part, and continuously and deeply growing the root system buried in the soil on the lower part; 4: after the ornamental effect and the initial design target are achieved, roots with smaller diameters can be selectively cut off, and roots with stronger ornamental value are reserved. The tree cultivated by the method can increase the interest and the ornamental property of the garden landscape and has double benefits of ecology and economy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of landscape gardens and relates to a cultivation method of an ornamental tree with an extra-long supporting root system.
Background
In the process of tree growth, due to the resource level change of the habitat, the biomass distribution relation between the overground part and the underground part and between different organs is often adjusted, and further plasticity of the tree form is changed. In the ornamental tree cultivation process, sometimes in order to meet the appreciation requirements of tourists or increase the interest and the ornamental property of the garden landscape, the tree shape needs to be directionally shaped. Therefore, the directional cultivation needs to be conducted with interest on the basis of deeply knowing and mastering the growth response rule of the tree.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a cultivation method of ornamental trees with a special long support root system in order to increase the interest and the ornamental property of garden landscape, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: the method comprises the steps of selecting a target tree with deep root, long, thick and strong plasticity (the strong plasticity of the root system means that the morphological structure of the root system can be changed, namely the root system can be changed along with the change of environmental conditions), and fully knowing the root growth characteristics of the target tree as far as possible, particularly the characteristics of the root growth characteristics of the target tree on the requirements of soil moisture, nutrients and illumination, and the growth response characteristics of the target tree under the conditions of different levels of soil moisture, nutrients and illumination. Under the condition of insufficient existing data, experimental research needs to be carried out to deeply obtain the demand characteristics of the target tree on soil moisture, nutrients and illumination and the data of the growth response characteristics of the target tree under the conditions of different levels of soil moisture, nutrients and illumination;
the steps and contents of the experiment comprise planting the target tree under the conditions of different levels of soil moisture, nutrients and illumination, and observing the growth characteristics and the change characteristics of the morphological structure of the root system of the target tree, particularly the branching capacity of the root system and the length and the thickness of the root system branch.
Step 2: on the basis of fully knowing the root growth characteristics of the target tree, the cultivation of ornamental trees with a super-long support root is started. Healthy seedlings of target trees are selected, and high platforms (1) are built up in a layered manner at a target place (not selected at an air port) for cultivating the target trees. The height of the high platform (1) is determined according to the cultivation target requirement of the ornamental tree with the ultra-long support root system and the biological and ecological characteristics of the target tree. The soil layer stacking of the high platform (1) (the soil layer number and the depth of each layer are determined according to the root growth characteristics of specific target trees measured by pre-experiments, the steps and contents of the pre-experiments comprise that soil treatment with different layer numbers and different depths of each layer is set, the target trees are planted in the soil with different treatment, the growth characteristics and the change characteristics of morphological structures of the root systems of the target trees in the soil treatment with different layer numbers and different depths of each layer are observed, particularly the branching capacity of the root systems, the length and the thickness of the root systems, the regularity and the stability of the root systems are tested, and the soil layer number of the ultra-long root systems with the highest ornamental value and the soil treatment setting scheme of different depths of each layer are selected.
The physicochemical properties of the soil should meet the needs of the target tree growth, and under the condition that the soil is not satisfied, such as the air permeability, water permeability, organic matter content and essential nutrient element lack condition, the components lacking in the original soil, such as coal cinder porous coarse particulate matters, gravel fine particulate matters, plant particulate matters and essential nutrient elements lacking in the soil, need to be added respectively, so as to achieve the purpose of increasing the air permeability, water permeability, organic matter content and essential nutrient elements of the soil respectively. Healthy seedlings of the target trees are initially planted in the uppermost soil. The different levels of soil respectively correspond to the positions of roots of the target trees in different stages of growth. The soil corresponding to the growth stage of the seedling is relatively fertile to promote rapid growth of the entire plant of the seedling. The soil layer corresponding to the sapling stage has lower nutrient fertility degree than the soil at the sapling stage, and gradually decreases from the fertility level to a moderate downward horizontal direction, and the root system tends to continuously root downwards in the soil (the optimal physicochemical property of each layer of soil needs to be determined according to the root system growth characteristic of a specific target tree measured by a pre-experiment);
the pre-experiment steps and contents comprise setting treatments with different physicochemical properties on each layer of soil, planting target trees in the soil with different treatments, observing the growth characteristics and morphological structure change characteristics of the root system of the target trees in the soil with different treatments, particularly the branching capacity of the root system, the length and thickness of the root system branches, and checking the regularity and stability of the root system growth. And selecting a soil treatment setting scheme capable of growing the longest ornamental root system. And step 3: after the target tree grows stably (the stable growth refers to the target tree in which the root system is thick and deep and firmly pricked into the soil, and can vertically and stably grow for a long time without any auxiliary support), and when the depth of the root system is continuously deepened, the partial uppermost soil is gradually withdrawn for multiple times (a small amount at each time), and the root system on the upper part is gradually exposed (the times of withdrawing the partial uppermost soil and the soil amount at each time need to be determined according to the root system growth characteristics of the specific target tree). The upper root system buried in the soil is lost, the absorption function of the root system is gradually lost, the epidermis of the root system is gradually changed into a bark form, and the lower root system buried in the soil is continuously grown deeply downwards to supplement and absorb the soil resource required by growth. Observing the growth condition of the trees, mastering the rhythm and continuously repeating the steps. The exposed root system of the tree needs to be ensured to grow robustly and have a strong enough supporting function. Because the growth speed of different trees is different, the time process needs to be controlled according to early experimental data and experience observation in the cultivation process.
And 4, step 4: when the exposed root system of the target tree is increased continuously, the tree with the ultra-long support root system is formed gradually, after the ornamental effect and the initial design target are achieved, the root with the smaller diameter can be cut off selectively, the root with the stronger ornamental value is reserved, and the wound is treated by adopting the tree disinfection method commonly used in gardens. Thereafter, the tree needs to be routinely patrolled, observed and maintained for growth, and the root system of the tree remaining in the soil needs to be ensured to absorb enough soil moisture and nutrient resources for the tree to grow, and has enough supporting capacity and stability to prevent the tree from being blown down by wind. In the strong wind period under the meteorological semantics, the trees with the extra-long support root need to be protected by adopting the auxiliary support method commonly used in gardens.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: by the technology, the trees with the ultra-long support root system are cultivated, the interestingness and appreciation of the garden landscape are increased, and the ecological and economic benefits are achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing a method of growing a tree having an extra long type of supporting root system.
In fig. 1: (1) a high platform; (2) a stratified soil.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described in detail with reference to the following specific examples and the accompanying drawings. The procedures, conditions, experimental methods and the like for carrying out the present invention are general knowledge and common general knowledge in the art except for the contents specifically mentioned below, and the present invention is not particularly limited.
Example 1
A suburb park a in a city, cultivating trees with a long support root system. Step 1: the root system of the target tree (oak) is long and thick, and has strong plasticity, so that the method is suitable for cultivating ornamental trees with the ultra-long supporting root system. The root growth characteristics of the target tree, particularly the characteristics of the demand on soil moisture, nutrients and illumination, and the growth response characteristics under different levels of soil moisture, nutrients and illumination are fully known as far as possible. Under the condition of insufficient existing data, experimental research needs to be carried out to deeply obtain the demand characteristics of the target tree on soil moisture, nutrients and illumination and the data of the growth response characteristics of the target tree under the conditions of different levels of soil moisture, nutrients and illumination;
the steps and contents of the experiment comprise planting the target tree under the conditions of different levels of soil moisture, nutrients and illumination, and observing the growth characteristics and the change characteristics of the morphological structure of the root system of the target tree, particularly the branching capacity of the root system and the length and the thickness of the root system branch.
And 2, step: on the basis of fully knowing the root growth characteristics of a target tree (oak), cultivation of ornamental trees with a super-long supporting root system is started. Selecting healthy seedlings of target trees (oak), and building a high platform (1) in a layered banking manner at a target place (not selecting an air port) to cultivate the target trees (oak); the height of the high platform (1) is determined according to the cultivation target requirement of the target tree (oak) and the biological and ecological characteristics of the target tree (oak); the soil of the high platform (1) is layered and stacked, wherein the number of the soil layers and the depth of each layer are determined according to the root growth characteristics of a specific target tree measured by a pre-experiment;
the pre-experiment steps and contents comprise the steps of setting different layers and the soil treatment of different depths of each layer, planting the target tree in the soil treated in different layers, observing the growth characteristics and the change characteristics of the morphological structure of the root system of the target tree in the soil treatment with different layers and different depths of each layer, particularly the capability of root system branching, the length and the thickness of the root system branching, and checking the regularity and the stability of the root system growth. And selecting the soil layer number capable of growing the longest ornamental root system and the soil treatment setting scheme of different depths of each layer.
The physicochemical properties of the soil should meet the growth requirements of target trees, and under the condition that the soil is not satisfied, such as the air permeability, the water permeability, the organic matter content and the lack of essential nutrient elements of the soil, components which are lacked in the original soil, such as coal cinder porous coarse particles, gravel fine particles, plant particles and essential nutrient elements which are lacked in the soil, need to be added respectively, so as to achieve the purposes of increasing the air permeability, the water permeability, the organic matter content, the essential nutrient elements and the like of the soil respectively. Healthy seedlings of a target tree (oak) are planted in the uppermost layer of soil initially; the soils of different levels respectively correspond to the positions of roots of target trees (oak) at different stages of growth; the soil corresponding to the growth stage of the seedling is relatively fertile to promote the rapid growth of the whole seedling plant; the soil layer corresponding to the sapling stage has the nutrients with the fertility lower than that of the seedling stage, and the nutrients gradually decrease from the fertility level to the middle level, so that the root system tends to be continuously rooted downwards in the soil, and the optimal physical and chemical properties of each soil layer are determined according to the root system growth characteristics of specific target trees measured by pre-experiments;
the pre-experiment steps and contents comprise setting treatments with different physicochemical properties on each layer of soil, planting target trees in the soil with different treatments, observing the growth characteristics and morphological structure change characteristics of the root system of the target trees in the soil with different treatments, particularly the branching capacity of the root system, the length and thickness of the root system branches, and checking the regularity and stability of the root system growth. And selecting a soil treatment setting scheme capable of growing the longest ornamental root system.
And step 3: after the target tree (oak) grows stably, namely the root system in the living environment of the target tree is thick, deep and firmly pricked into soil, and can vertically and stably grow for a long time without any auxiliary support), and the root system depth is continuously deepened, gradually withdrawing part of the topmost soil for multiple times (a small amount of soil for each time), and gradually exposing the upper root system (the times of withdrawing part of the topmost soil and the soil amount for each time need to be determined according to the root system growth characteristics of the specific target tree); the absorption function of the root system is gradually lost when the upper root system buried in the soil is lost, the epidermis of the root system is gradually changed into a bark form, and the lower root system buried in the soil is continuously grown deeply downwards to supplement and absorb the soil resource required by growth; observing the growth condition of the tree, mastering the rhythm and continuously repeating the steps;
and 4, step 4: after a plurality of years, the root system of the target tree (oak) is continuously increased, the tree with the ultra-long supporting root system is gradually formed, after the ornamental effect and the initial design target are achieved, the root with the smaller diameter can be selectively cut off, the root with the stronger ornamental value is reserved, and the wound is treated by adopting a tree disinfection method commonly used in gardens. Afterwards, the tree growth needs to be regularly inspected, observed and maintained, and the root system of the tree remained in the soil needs to be ensured to absorb enough soil moisture and nutrient resources for the tree growth, and has enough supporting capacity and stability to prevent the occurrence of the wind fall phenomenon. In the strong wind period under the meteorological semantics, the trees with the extra-long support root need to be protected by adopting the auxiliary support method commonly used in gardens. In areas with large wind power, the cultivation operation needs to be carried out after careful evaluation.
The protection of the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Variations and advantages that may occur to those skilled in the art may be incorporated into the invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the inventive concept, and the scope of the appended claims is intended to be protected.
Claims (5)
1. A method for cultivating ornamental trees having an extra-long support root system, comprising the steps of:
step 1: selecting a target tree, and fully knowing the root growth characteristics of the target tree, including the characteristics of the requirements of the target tree on soil moisture, nutrients and illumination, and the growth response characteristics of the target tree under the conditions of different levels of soil moisture, nutrients and illumination;
and 2, step: selecting healthy seedlings of target trees, and building a high platform (1) on a target site by means of layered hilling for cultivating the target trees; the height of the high platform (1) is determined according to the cultivation target requirement of the ornamental tree with the ultra-long support root system and the biological and ecological characteristics of the target tree; the soil of the high platform (1) is layered and stacked, and the number of the soil layers and the depth of each layer are determined according to the root growth characteristics of a specific target tree measured by a pre-experiment;
the physicochemical property of the soil is required to meet the growth requirement of a target tree, and under the condition of being not met, the air permeability, the water permeability, the organic matter content and necessary nutrients of the soil are increased by doping the components which are lacked in the original soil; healthy seedlings of the target trees are planted in the uppermost layer of soil initially; the soils of different levels respectively correspond to the positions of roots of the target trees in different stages of growth; the soil corresponding to the growth stage of the seedling is fertile to promote the rapid growth of the whole seedling plant; the soil layer corresponding to the sapling stage has lower nutrient fertility than the soil at the sapling stage, and the nutrients are gradually reduced from the fertility level to the moderate lower level, and the root system in the soil tends to be continuously rooted downwards; the optimal physicochemical property of each layer of soil is determined according to the root growth characteristics of a specific target tree measured by a pre-experiment;
and step 3: when the root system in the habitat of the target tree is thick, deep and firmly pricked into the soil, the tree can stand upright and stably grow for a long time without any auxiliary support and the depth of the root system is continuously deepened, the soil at the uppermost layer is gradually withdrawn for a plurality of times, and a small amount of soil is gradually withdrawn every time, so that the root system at the upper part is gradually exposed;
the times of withdrawing part of the uppermost layer of soil and the soil amount of each time are determined according to the root growth characteristics of a specific target tree; the absorption function of the root system is gradually lost when the upper root system buried in the soil is lost, the epidermis of the root system is gradually changed into a bark form, and the lower root system buried in the soil is continuously grown deeply downwards to supplement and absorb the soil resource required by growth; observing the growth condition of the tree, mastering the rhythm and continuously repeating the steps; the exposed root system of the tree needs to be ensured to grow robustly and has a strong enough supporting function; because the growth speeds of different trees are different, the time process needs to be controlled according to early experimental data and experience observation in the cultivation process;
and 4, step 4: when the exposed root system of the target tree is continuously increased, the tree with the ultra-long support root system is gradually formed, after the ornamental effect and the initial design target are achieved, the root with small diameter is cut off, the root with strong ornamental property is reserved, and the wound is treated by adopting a tree disinfection method commonly used in gardens; afterwards, the tree growth condition needs to be observed and maintained in a conventional way, and the root system of the tree reserved in the soil needs to be ensured to absorb enough soil moisture and nutrient resources for the tree growth, and has enough supporting capacity and stability to prevent the occurrence of the wind fall phenomenon; in the strong wind period under the meteorological semantics, the trees with the extra-long support root need to be protected by adopting the auxiliary support method commonly used in gardens.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the root system of the tree is selected to be long and thick and the morphological structure of the root system is changeable.
3. A method of growing ornamental trees with extra long supporting root systems according to claim 1, wherein said target site is removed from the draught.
4. The method for cultivating an ornamental tree having an ultra-long supporting root system according to claim 1, wherein the pre-experiment comprises the steps and contents of setting different numbers of layers and different depths of soil treatment for each layer, planting the target tree in the different treated soils, observing the growth characteristics and morphological structure change characteristics of the root system of the target tree in the different numbers of layers and different depths of soil treatment for each layer, examining the regularity and stability of root system growth, and selecting the setting scheme of the number of soil layers and different depths of soil treatment for each layer which can grow the most ornamental ultra-long root system.
5. The method for cultivating an ornamental tree having an ultra-long supporting root system according to claim 1, wherein the pre-experiment comprises the steps and contents of setting treatments having different physicochemical properties for each layer of soil, planting the target tree in the differently treated soil, observing the growth characteristics and morphological structure variation characteristics of the root system of the target tree in the differently treated soil, examining the regularity and stability of root system growth, and selecting a soil treatment setting scheme capable of growing the most ornamental ultra-long root system.
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