CN112696212B - Compressible tunnel bottom structure for inhibiting tunnel bottom bulging and construction method - Google Patents
Compressible tunnel bottom structure for inhibiting tunnel bottom bulging and construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112696212B CN112696212B CN202011642573.6A CN202011642573A CN112696212B CN 112696212 B CN112696212 B CN 112696212B CN 202011642573 A CN202011642573 A CN 202011642573A CN 112696212 B CN112696212 B CN 112696212B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a compressible tunnel bottom structure for inhibiting tunnel bottom bulging and a construction method. This structure makes the invert have certain vertical deformability, can absorb the part and act on the stress of invert cooperates porous member, can release the ability step-down under the country rock extrusion, can also suitably undertake the load of upper portion loading board transmission, guarantees the stability of track board and railway roadbed, effectively avoids the invert to bear too high ground stress and the condition that the tunnel pucking appears, is favorable to guaranteeing the displacement of train track board in the allowed range, the tunnel adopts this application the substructure better wholeness, stability and security have, the basic bearing capacity is strong, is favorable to avoiding inhomogeneous the settlement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tunnels and underground engineering, in particular to a compressible tunnel bottom structure for inhibiting tunnel bottom bulging and a construction method.
Background
With the further advance of the infrastructure and western major development in China, the tunnel and the underground engineering are suddenly and violently advanced, and the scale and the length of the tunnel are greatly increased, so that the tunnel engineering is more and more across weak strata and high-stress zones with severe geology (the ratio of the saturated uniaxial compressive strength of rock to the maximum initial stress of rock is less than 7). The tunnel bottom drum is one of common defects of railway tunnels, and most of the defects of the tunnel are in a slowly inclined layered rock stratum under high ground stress. Once the tunnel bottom drum is formed, the tunnel bottom drum is difficult to stabilize, so that the tunnel lining is cracked and damaged, and the tunnel operation and driving safety are seriously influenced.
In order to effectively control the tunnel bottom heave, the commonly adopted control means at home and abroad comprise a support reinforcing method such as a bottom plate anchor rod, bottom plate grouting, a closed bracket and the like; pressure relief methods such as cutting seams, drilling holes, loosening blasting and the like and various combined supporting methods. However, these methods have their own limitations and applicable conditions. For example, the inverted arch support method is generally effective only when the tunnel is fully closed; the anchor rod reinforcing method fails to guarantee the construction quality of the anchor rod due to the fact that a bottom plate is broken and holes are difficult to form in a deformed tunnel, and therefore reasonable supporting methods and supporting parameters need to be selected according to actual conditions such as geological conditions of surrounding rocks in the tunnel construction and repair process.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects that a tunnel inverted arch often has bottom bulging in the prior art, the inverted arch is seriously damaged and cracks to float upwards, and the future operation and driving safety of a tunnel are seriously influenced, and provides a compressible tunnel bottom structure for inhibiting the tunnel bottom bulging and a construction method.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a restrain compressible formula tunnel bottom structure of tunnel pucking, contains the loading board, the loading board is located between the side wall and the invert in tunnel, it has porous member to fill between loading board and the invert, the invert is equipped with the energy-absorbing member, the energy-absorbing member can be followed the flexible deformation of invert arc length direction, the ballast bed is laid to the loading board top.
The number and the positions of the energy-absorbing members are set according to design requirements, and the energy-absorbing members can adopt damping devices in the prior art to realize the energy-absorbing effect.
According to the compressible tunnel bottom structure for inhibiting the tunnel bottom bulge, the energy absorption member capable of stretching and deforming along the arc length direction of the inverted arch is arranged, so that the inverted arch has certain vertical deformation capacity and can absorb part of stress acting on the inverted arch, the porous member in the inverted arch is matched, the porous member has certain compressibility, the porous member can release energy and reduce pressure under the extrusion action of surrounding rocks, the energy of the ground stress is further released, in addition, under the condition of self compression deformation, the load transmitted by the upper bearing plate can be properly born, the bearing plate cannot be too large in deflection, the stability of the track plate and the track bed is ensured, the structural matching also enables the too high ground stress to act on the track structure after the energy of part of the ground stress is released, the condition that the tunnel bottom bulge occurs due to the too high ground stress of the inverted arch is effectively avoided, the displacement of the train track plate is favorably ensured in an allowable range, and the tunnel bottom structure has better integrity, stability and safety, the foundation bearing capacity is strong, and the non-uniform settlement is favorably avoided.
Preferably, the inverted arch is divided into three sections along the arc length direction, the energy-absorbing member is connected between two adjacent sections of end faces, and the longitudinal ribs at two ends of the inverted arch extend into the bearing plate.
The deformation of the inverted arch and the deformation of the bearing plate cannot interfere with each other, and the inverted arch and the bearing plate can independently deform and can cooperatively bear force.
Further preferably, the energy absorbing member is located at 1/4-1/5 of the half width of the inverted arch from the loading plate.
And one end of the bearing plate is closer to the bearing plate, so that the energy-absorbing member can be deformed sufficiently and is not influenced by the connection and the restraint of the end part.
Preferably, the energy absorbing member comprises a protruding end and a groove end, the groove of the groove end is filled with a porous material, and the protruding end and the groove end are connected in an adaptive mode.
The energy-absorbing members are produced in batches by a factory before construction, and are assembled in a tunnel on site, so that the processing quality and the deformability are effectively guaranteed, and the rapid on-site installation is facilitated.
Preferably, the porous material comprises at least one of porous aluminum, geopolymer porous material, or foamed concrete. The porous material can be selected from the same materials as the porous member, so that the cost is low and the installation is convenient.
Preferably, the end face is provided with a connecting steel plate, and the protruding end and the groove end are respectively in bolted connection with the corresponding connecting steel plate.
Preferably, the porous member comprises at least one of porous aluminum, geopolymer porous material, or foamed concrete.
Preferably, a cushion layer is arranged below the inverted arch.
Preferably, the bearing plate is of a reinforced concrete structure.
A method of constructing a compressible tunnel floor structure for inhibiting a tunnel floor heave as defined in any one of the preceding claims, comprising the steps of:
a. excavating a tunnel section, and constructing a cushion layer of an inverted arch;
b. constructing a steel bar of the inverted arch and reserving the position of an energy-absorbing member, and respectively installing connecting steel plates on two sides of the preset position of the energy-absorbing member;
c. mounting the energy absorbing member;
d. pouring the inverted arch, reserving stubble-connecting reinforcing steel bars connected with the template of the bearing plate at the end parts of the two sides of the inverted arch, and filling a porous member in the inverted arch;
e. and performing chiseling and cleaning on the end part of the inverted arch, erecting a mold and pouring the bearing plate to enable the bearing plate and the end parts on two sides of the inverted arch to form a whole, and constructing a secondary lining structure and paving a ballast bed above the bearing plate.
The construction method of the compressible tunnel bottom structure for inhibiting the tunnel bottom bulging is simple and convenient in construction steps, scientific in steps, convenient for installation of the energy-absorbing member, and capable of effectively ensuring stable installation of the energy-absorbing member, the bearing plate and the end parts of the two sides of the inverted arch can be effectively connected into a whole, the whole formed by the two sides of the inverted arch and the bearing plate is connected with the middle section of the inverted arch through the telescopic energy-absorbing member, deformation of the inverted arch and the bearing plate cannot be interfered with each other, the inverted arch and the bearing plate can independently deform and can be stressed cooperatively, so that the inverted arch and the bearing plate have a good coordinated deformation effect, deformation of the porous member is combined, energy absorption and pressure reduction are achieved sufficiently, and the inverted arch bottom bulging phenomenon frequently occurring in the current tunnel engineering is effectively solved.
Preferably, in step b, the connection steel plate is welded to the steel bar of the inverted arch.
In summary, compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the energy-absorbing member capable of stretching and deforming along the arc length direction of the inverted arch can absorb part of stress acting on the inverted arch and is matched with the porous member in the inverted arch, and the porous member has certain compressibility, so that energy can be released and pressure can be reduced under the extrusion action of surrounding rocks, and under the condition of self compressive deformation, the load transmitted by an upper bearing plate can be properly borne, the bearing plate cannot be too large in deflection, the stability of a track plate and a track bed is ensured, the structural matching also enables too high ground stress to act on the track structure after the energy of the released part, the condition that the inverted arch bears too high ground stress to cause tunnel bottom bulging is effectively avoided, the displacement of the train track plate is favorably ensured within an allowable range, and the bottom structure has better integrity, stability and safety, is strong in basic bearing capacity, and is favorable for avoiding uneven settlement.
2. The construction method of the compressible tunnel bottom structure for inhibiting the tunnel bottom bulge has the advantages of simple and convenient construction steps, scientific steps, convenience in installation of the energy-absorbing member, capability of effectively ensuring stable installation of the energy-absorbing member and the coordinated deformation effect of the inverted arch and the bearing plate, and better solving the inverted arch bottom bulge phenomenon frequently occurring in the current tunnel engineering.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a compressible tunnel floor structure for suppressing a tunnel floor drum according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a compressible tunnel floor construction for suppressing a tunnel floor heave in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the energy absorbing member of example 1;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the connection of the groove end and the inverted arch in example 1;
fig. 5 is a schematic view showing the connection of the protruding end and the inverted arch in example 1.
The labels in the figure are: 1-bearing plate, 2-tunnel, 3-inverted arch, 4-porous member, 5-energy-absorbing member, 51-convex end, 52-groove end, 53-porous material, 54-connecting steel plate, 6-ballast bed and 7-cushion layer.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the embodiments. It should be understood that the scope of the above-described subject matter is not limited to the following examples, and any techniques implemented based on the disclosure of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-2, the compressible tunnel bottom structure for suppressing tunnel bottom bulging according to the present invention comprises a bearing plate 1, wherein the bearing plate 1 is located between a side wall of a tunnel 2 and an inverted arch 3, a porous member 4 is filled between the bearing plate 1 and the inverted arch 3, the inverted arch 3 is provided with an energy absorbing member 5, the energy absorbing member 5 can be deformed in an extending and contracting manner along an arc length direction of the inverted arch 3, and a track bed 6 is laid above the bearing plate 1.
Specifically, the bearing plate 1 is of a reinforced concrete structure, a ballast bed 6 is laid above the bearing plate 1, the ballast bed 6 can be a ballast bed or a ballastless ballast bed and is used for bearing the train load on the upper portion, the inverted arch 3 is arranged below the bearing plate 1, and a cushion layer 7 is arranged below the inverted arch 3. The porous member 4 is filled between the bearing plate 1 and the inverted arch 3, for example, the porous member 4 comprises at least one of porous aluminum, geopolymer porous material or foam concrete, and the porous member 4 has certain compressibility, so that the porous member can release energy and reduce pressure under the extrusion action of surrounding rocks, and can properly bear the load transmitted by the upper bearing plate under the condition of self compression deformation, so that the bearing plate is not over-deflected, and the stability of the track plate and the track bed is ensured. The inverted arch 3 is provided with an energy-absorbing member 5, the energy-absorbing member 5 is followed the 3 arc length directions of inverted arch are flexible and are out of shape to make inverted arch 3 have certain vertical deformability, quantity, position (along the inverted arch transversely) and arrangement range (along the inverted arch vertically) of energy-absorbing member 5 set up according to the design requirement, the energy-absorbing member 5 can adopt damping device among the prior art, in order to realize the energy-absorbing effect.
If the energy absorbing member 5 comprises a convex end 51 and a concave end 52, the convex end 51 and the concave end 52 are both made of steel structures, a porous material 53 is filled in a groove of the concave end 52, and the convex end 51 and the concave end 52 are connected in a matching manner, as shown in fig. 3. The porous material 53 may be selected from the same material members as the porous member 4, for example, the porous material 53 may comprise at least one of porous aluminum, geopolymer porous material or foamed concrete, although different material members may be used. In this embodiment, the inverted arch 3 is divided into three sections along the arc length direction, the energy absorbing member 5 is disposed between two adjacent sections, longitudinal ribs at two ends of the inverted arch 3 extend into the bearing plate 1, so that the two sections of the inverted arch 3 located at two sides and the bearing plate 1 form a whole, which is beneficial to deformation and common stress of the inverted arch 3 and the bearing plate 1, if the energy absorbing member 5 is preferably disposed at a position 1/4-1/5 of the half width of the inverted arch 3 from the bearing plate 1, two adjacent sections of end surfaces are provided with connecting steel plates 54, the protruding end 51 and the groove end 52 are respectively bolted to the corresponding connecting steel plates 54, the groove end 52 is located at the lower side and is disposed in the above area to be beneficial to filling of the porous material 53, as shown in fig. 4-5.
The construction method of the compressible tunnel bottom structure for inhibiting the tunnel bottom bulge comprises the following steps:
a. excavating the section of the tunnel 2, and constructing a cushion layer 7 of the inverted arch 3;
b. constructing the steel bars of the inverted arch 3 and reserving the position of the energy-absorbing member 5, and respectively installing connecting steel plates 54 on two sides of the preset position of the energy-absorbing member 5;
c. mounting the energy absorbing member 5;
d. pouring the inverted arch 3, reserving stubbled steel bars connected with the template of the bearing plate 1 at the end parts of two sides of the inverted arch 3, and filling a porous member 4 in the inverted arch 3;
e. and (3) chiseling and cleaning the end part of the inverted arch 3, erecting a mold and pouring the bearing plate 1 to enable the bearing plate 1 and the end parts on two sides of the inverted arch 3 to form a whole, and constructing a secondary lining structure and paving a ballast bed 6 above the bearing plate 1.
Firstly, before the construction of the inverted arch 3, the section of the tunnel 2 is excavated, then the cushion layer 7 is constructed, the cushion layer 7 can adopt sprayed concrete or cement mortar, a working surface is provided for the construction of the inverted arch 3, and meanwhile, the construction of the inverted arch 3 can be prevented from being influenced by underground water.
After the cushion layer 7 is prepared, the inverted arch 3 is constructed, the position of the energy-absorbing member 5 is reserved when the reinforcing steel bars of the inverted arch 3 are bound, connecting steel plates 54 are respectively installed on two sides of the corresponding installation position, the connecting steel plates 54 are welded with the reinforcing steel bars, then the protruding end 51 and the groove end 52 are respectively connected through bolts, and the porous material 53 needs to be filled before the protruding end 51 and the groove end 52 are connected.
And then, concrete pouring of the inverted arch 3 is carried out, the inverted arch 3 is poured longitudinally and sectionally, when the inverted arch 3 is poured, the middle section and the end sections at the two sides are simultaneously carried out so as to ensure that the creep amount of each section of the inverted arch 3 is consistent, so that the dislocation amount of two adjacent sections of inverted arches 3 is reduced when the inverted arches 3 are connected with an energy-absorbing member 5, connecting reinforcing steel bars connected with a template of the bearing plate 1 are reserved at the ends of the inverted arch 3, and porous members 4 are filled in the finished inverted arch 3.
And then, erecting steel bars and installing templates above the inverted arches 3, and pouring the bearing plate 1.
Wait after loading board 1 reaches preset intensity, carry out tunnel 2's upper portion preliminary bracing and secondary lining's construction, later lay railway roadbed 6, during the construction of railway roadbed 6 will reserve escape canal, both sides in the middle of the tunnel and reserve escape canal and cable pit.
The above description is intended to be illustrative of the preferred embodiment of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the invention, but rather, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The utility model provides a compressible formula tunnel bottom structure of suppression tunnel pucking, its characterized in that contains loading board (1), loading board (1) is located between side wall and inverted arch (3) of tunnel (2), it has porous member (4) to fill between loading board (1) and inverted arch (3), inverted arch (3) are equipped with energy-absorbing member (5), energy-absorbing member (5) can be followed inverted arch (3) arc length direction flexible deformation, ballast bed (6) are laid to loading board (1) top, inverted arch (3) divide into the three-section along the arc length direction, connect between adjacent two sections's terminal surface energy-absorbing member (5), the vertical muscle at inverted arch (3) both ends all stretches into in loading board (1).
2. The tunnel bottom structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the energy absorbing member (5) is located at 1/4-1/5 of the half width of the inverted arch (3) from the loading floor (1).
3. The tunnel bottom structure according to claim 2, wherein the energy absorbing member (5) comprises a protruding end (51) and a recessed end (52), the recesses of the recessed end (52) being filled with a porous material (53), the protruding end (51) and the recessed end (52) being adapted to be connected.
4. The tunnel bottom structure according to claim 3, wherein the end faces are provided with connection steel plates (54), and the male ends (51) and the female ends (52) are respectively bolted to the corresponding connection steel plates (54).
5. The tunnel bottom structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the porous member (4) comprises at least one of porous aluminum, geopolymer porous material or foamed concrete.
6. The tunnel bottom structure according to any of claims 1-4, characterized in that a cushion layer (7) is provided under the inverted arch (3).
7. The tunnel bottom structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the carrying floor (1) is a reinforced concrete structure.
8. A method of constructing a compressible tunnel floor structure for suppressing a tunnel floor heave as claimed in any of claims 1 to 7 comprising the steps of:
a. excavating the section of the tunnel (2), and constructing a cushion layer (7) of the inverted arch (3);
b. constructing a steel bar of the inverted arch (3), reserving the position of an energy-absorbing member (5), and respectively installing connecting steel plates (54) on two sides of the preset position of the energy-absorbing member (5);
c. -mounting the energy absorbing member (5);
d. pouring the inverted arch (3), reserving stubbled steel bars connected with a template of the bearing plate (1) at the end parts of two sides of the inverted arch (3), and filling a porous member (4) in the inverted arch (3);
e. and (3) chiseling and cleaning the end part of the inverted arch (3), erecting a mold and pouring the bearing plate (1), so that the bearing plate (1) and the end parts of the two sides of the inverted arch (3) form a whole, and constructing a secondary lining structure and paving a ballast bed (6) above the bearing plate (1).
9. Construction method according to claim 8, wherein in step b, the connecting steel plate (54) is welded to the reinforcement of the inverted arch (3).
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| CN115961972A (en) * | 2022-12-12 | 2023-04-14 | 中铁西北科学研究院有限公司 | Prefabricated inverted arch structure suitable for expansive rock tunnel and implementation method |
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