CN112693032A - High-flux intelligent sorting method and system for recycling waste plastics - Google Patents

High-flux intelligent sorting method and system for recycling waste plastics Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112693032A
CN112693032A CN202011432322.5A CN202011432322A CN112693032A CN 112693032 A CN112693032 A CN 112693032A CN 202011432322 A CN202011432322 A CN 202011432322A CN 112693032 A CN112693032 A CN 112693032A
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infrared
plastic
fragments
waste plastic
screening
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Chinese (zh)
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丁鹏
张峰
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University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
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University of Shanghai for Science and Technology
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Priority to CN202011432322.5A priority Critical patent/CN112693032A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
    • B29B2017/0203—Separating plastics from plastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B17/00—Recovery of plastics or other constituents of waste material containing plastics
    • B29B17/02—Separating plastics from other materials
    • B29B2017/0213—Specific separating techniques
    • B29B2017/0279—Optical identification, e.g. cameras or spectroscopy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2023/04—Polymers of ethylene
    • B29K2023/06—PE, i.e. polyethylene
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2023/10—Polymers of propylene
    • B29K2023/12—PP, i.e. polypropylene
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2027/00—Use of polyvinylhalogenides or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B29K2027/06—PVC, i.e. polyvinylchloride
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2067/00—Use of polyesters or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
    • B29K2067/003—PET, i.e. poylethylene terephthalate
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2077/00—Use of PA, i.e. polyamides, e.g. polyesteramides or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/52—Mechanical processing of waste for the recovery of materials, e.g. crushing, shredding, separation or disassembly
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/62—Plastics recycling; Rubber recycling

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a high-flux intelligent sorting method for recycling waste plastics, which comprises the following steps: (1) arranging a high-flux intelligent sorting system, and arranging all the screening manipulators from top to bottom in sequence from a hopper in a layering manner to form a multilayer infrared screening production line; (2) conveying the recycled mixed waste plastic fragments to each infrared screening manipulator for spectral recognition sorting and sorting; (3) repeating the step (2), and sequentially feeding the recycled mixed waste plastic fragments into each infrared screening manipulator to finish a first sorting cycle; (4) carrying out subsequent sorting circulation on the remaining unidentified mixed waste plastics until all sorting is finished; (5) the waste plastics with single components are respectively used for subsequent regeneration processing. The invention also discloses a high-throughput intelligent sorting system for implementing the method. The invention can greatly reduce the equipment and labor investment for recycling and reproducing the waste plastics and meet the requirements of scale and low cost.

Description

High-flux intelligent sorting method and system for recycling waste plastics
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of spectrum identification and waste plastic recovery, in particular to a high-flux intelligent sorting method and system for recycling plastic.
Background
As a chemical product widely applied, the plastic brings convenience to daily life of human beings, and simultaneously brings great challenges to the global environment and environmental protection requirements due to the weakness that the plastic is difficult to degrade. If the waste plastics can not be reasonably arranged, the problems of serious environmental pollution and the like can be caused, and simultaneously, huge resource waste is caused. The recycling of the waste plastics is an important way for solving the problem of the waste plastics, and the sorting of the waste plastics is a crucial link in the recycling, and is the premise of realizing the high-efficiency and high-added-value utilization of the plastics. The quality of products can be improved after the waste plastics are sorted, purified and regenerated, and the emission of harmful gases in the incineration or cracking process is reduced, which are all contents to be considered in the recycling of plastics.
The sorting method of waste plastics with various mixed components mainly comprises sinking and floating sorting, wind sorting, electrostatic sorting, flotation method, manual sorting and the like at present. However, these methods have the disadvantages of high energy consumption, low automation degree, low efficiency, poor accuracy, secondary pollution and the like, and are difficult to adapt to the requirements of large-scale and low-cost development of the modern recycling industry.
The near infrared spectrum sorting technology is a new technology appearing in recent years, but the near infrared spectrum sorting technology is applied to the technical field of waste plastic recovery, and has a lot of technical difficulties in achieving the aims of high efficiency and low cost.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a high-throughput intelligent sorting method and system for recycling waste plastics, which are used for rapidly and efficiently identifying, classifying, screening and automatically collecting the screened mixed plastics (PP, PET, PE, PA and PVC) according to different types of plastics through near-infrared sensor spectrum identification so as to meet the requirements of waste plastics recycling on scale and low cost.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a high-throughput intelligent sorting method for recycling waste plastics is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) the method comprises the steps that a high-throughput intelligent sorting system is arranged, the high-throughput intelligent sorting system comprises a main control computer and a plurality of infrared screening mechanical arms, each infrared screening mechanical arm is provided with an NIR spectrum recognition device and an air injection device, the NIR spectrum recognition devices sense a plurality of specific characteristic peaks of different waste plastic components, and each NIR spectrum recognition device is provided with an infrared probe; each screening mechanical arm is arranged from top to bottom in a layering manner from a hopper to form a multi-layer infrared screening production line;
(2) loading the recycled mixed waste plastic fragments into a hopper, sequentially conveying the recycled mixed waste plastic fragments to each infrared screening mechanical arm by a conveyor belt, sequentially sliding, performing spectrum identification and sorting by an infrared probe according to a plurality of detected specific characteristic peaks of different waste plastic components in the sliding process, and when the infrared probe detects that the mixed waste plastic contains a plurality of characteristic peaks of single-component plastic fragments, operating an air injection device of the infrared screening mechanical arm to inject air to the identified plastic fragments and blow off the mixed waste plastic, screening the single-component plastic fragments out to separate the single-component plastic fragments from the mixed waste plastic, and separately collecting the single-component plastic fragments; the air jet device operates on only one piece of plastic at a time;
(3) repeating the step (2), sequentially feeding the plastic fragments with various single components in the recycled mixed waste plastic fragments into each infrared screening manipulator, and completing a first sorting cycle after all the plastic fragments are screened and independently collected;
(4) after the first sorting cycle is screened, sending the rest unidentified mixed waste plastics into the hopper again, carrying out a second sorting cycle, separately collecting screened fragments, sending the fragments which are not screened into the hopper again, and so on until all sorting is finished;
(5) respectively conveying the single-component waste plastics which are sequentially sorted and respectively collected by the infrared screening mechanical arms out for subsequent classified regeneration processing.
The mixed waste plastic fragments comprise waste plastic components with a plurality of specific characteristic peaks, including PP, PET, PE, PA and PVC.
The infrared screening manipulator consists of five infrared screening manipulators for respectively screening PP, PET, PE, PA and PVC.
The step (2) specifically comprises the following steps:
when the mixed waste plastic is sent out from a hopper or a conveyor belt and passes through a PP infrared screening manipulator with sensing function, the PP infrared screening manipulator screens out PP plastic fragments to separate the PP plastic fragments from the mixed waste plastic, and the PP plastic fragments are separately collected;
the rest mixed waste plastic is sent out by a conveyor belt, and when the rest mixed waste plastic passes through a PET infrared screening manipulator, PET plastic fragments are screened out by the PET infrared screening manipulator to be separated from the mixed waste plastic and are separately collected;
the residual mixed waste plastic is sent out by a conveyor belt, and when the mixed waste plastic passes through a PE infrared screening mechanical arm, PE plastic fragments are screened out by the PE infrared screening mechanical arm and separated from the mixed waste plastic;
the residual mixed plastic is sent out by a conveyor belt, and when the residual mixed plastic passes through a PA infrared screening mechanical arm, PA plastic fragments are screened out by the PA infrared screening mechanical arm and separated from the mixed waste plastic;
the residual mixed plastic is sent out by a conveyor belt, and when the residual mixed plastic passes through the PVC infrared screening mechanical arm, the PVC infrared screening mechanical arm screens out the PVC and enables the PVC to be separated from the mixed waste plastic;
the screening steps are not in sequence, only plastic fragments with the same characteristics as the components detected by the infrared screening mechanical arm spectral recognition are screened and separated in each step, and fragments of other components are not screened and separated.
The high-flux intelligent sorting method for recycling the waste plastics is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the step (2) further comprises the following steps:
(1) cleaning, crushing and removing metal impurities from the sorted mixed waste plastic fragments, wherein the crushing size is proper, and the waste plastic forming the mixed waste plastic fragments is prepared from single components;
(2) the sorted mixed waste plastic is removed with black and dark plastics in advance, and the sorted plastics are all light colors, so that the sorting accuracy and efficiency are improved.
The detection area of the sensor of the infrared probe of the NIR spectrum identification device is a near-infrared short wave or long wave area, and the collection mode is a diffuse reflection mode to collect the spectrum.
When the infrared spectrum is collected, a plurality of specific characteristic peaks of different plastics are mainly compared and identified, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: the characteristic peak of the infrared spectrum of the PP is 2962-2920 cm-1，2872～2852cm-1，1465～1459cm-1，1378～1375cm-1，1162～1156cm-1，973～971cm-1(ii) a The characteristic peak of the infrared spectrum of PET is 1717-1725 cm-11263-1268 cm of the vibration peak of stretching and contracting carbonyl group-1Asymmetric stretching vibration peak of C-C-O of benzene ring carbon at position 1120cm-1And 1100cm-1Nearby O-CH2-CH2725cm of asymmetric stretching vibration peak of-1C-H rocking vibration peaks at; the characteristic peak of the infrared spectrum of PE is 2920cm-1And 2850cm-1At 1464cm of methylene stretching vibration peak-1And 719cm-1A methylene distortion vibration peak at (a); the characteristic peak of the infrared spectrum of PA is 3300cm-1，1635cm-1，1540cm-1，1282～1260cm-1Nearby, wherein the infrared spectrum of PA6 has a characteristic peak of 960cm-1，930cm-1The characteristic peak of infrared spectrum of PA66 is 935cm-1(ii) a The characteristic peak of the infrared spectrum of the PVC is 1426cm-1Of (C is a-CH)2Symmetric stretching vibration peak of-CHCl-, 1334cm-1And 1254cm-1In the region of-CHCl-stretching vibration peak, 693cm-1And 614cm-1C-Cl stretching vibration peak at (C-Cl).
The high-flux intelligent sorting system for recycling the waste plastics is characterized by comprising a main control machine, a plurality of infrared screening mechanical arms, a hopper, a plurality of conveyor belts and a collecting box, wherein the main control machine is connected with the plurality of infrared screening mechanical arms; wherein the screening manipulators are sequentially arranged from top to bottom in a layered manner from the hopper to form a multi-layer infrared screening production line; each infrared screening manipulator is provided with an NIR spectrum recognition device and an air injection device, wherein the NIR spectrum recognition device and the air injection device are provided with a plurality of specific characteristic peaks for sensing different waste plastic components, and each NIR spectrum recognition device is provided with an infrared probe; mixed waste plastic fragments to be recovered are loaded in a hopper, a conveyor belt is sequentially arranged below each infrared screening manipulator, the mixed waste plastic fragments are conveyed below each infrared screening manipulator, and each infrared probe performs spectrum identification and sorting according to a plurality of specific characteristic peaks of different detected waste plastic components; the air injection device is arranged obliquely above the intersection of the two conveyor belts, aligns to the plastic fragments sliding between the two conveyor belts, injects air to the identified plastic fragments, blows off the mixed waste plastic, enables the mixed waste plastic to be separated from the mixed waste plastic, and enters the corresponding collection box.
The high-flux intelligent sorting system for recycling the waste plastics is characterized by further comprising a plurality of sorting partition plates, wherein the sorting partition plates are arranged at the intersection of the two conveyor belts and work in cooperation with the air injection device, so that the identified plastic fragments are blown away from the mixed waste plastics and enter the corresponding collecting boxes.
The infrared screening mechanical arm is 5, do respectively: PP infrared screening manipulator, PET infrared screening manipulator, PE infrared screening manipulator, PA infrared screening manipulator, PVC infrared screening manipulator.
The invention has the technical effects that:
(1) according to the high-flux intelligent sorting method and system for recycling the waste plastics, provided by the invention, the high-flux intelligent sorting method and system for recycling the waste plastics can realize the separation and the respective collection of different component plastics from mixed waste plastics in a large scale with high efficiency, accuracy and low cost through the spectrum recognition and air injection screening technologies, have high automation degree, low energy consumption and no secondary pollution, and can meet the development requirements of the waste plastics recycling industry.
(2) The high-throughput intelligent sorting method and the system for recycling the waste plastics can intelligently distinguish PP, PET, PE, PA and PVC from the mixed waste plastics and carry out synchronous sorting so as to realize high-throughput sorting operation. The pre-treated mixed waste plastic is intelligently identified through a near infrared sensor, and is screened according to different component types of plastics, so that PP, PET, PE, PA, PVC and the like in the screened mixed plastic are quickly and efficiently identified, classified and sorted.
(3) The high-flux intelligent sorting method and the system for recycling the waste plastics, provided by the invention, apply the theoretical technologies such as near infrared spectrum sorting technology and chemometrics to the material sorting technology during waste plastics recycling, and achieve the effects of large flux, automation, high efficiency and environmental protection through the synchronous design of the process and the system.
(4) According to the high-flux intelligent sorting method and system for recycling the waste plastics, provided by the invention, through the combination of the near-infrared probe and the main control computer, plastic materials with different components in the mixed waste plastics can be intelligently, accurately and quickly identified, so that the waste plastics are recycled to the greatest extent, resources are repeatedly utilized, the manufacturing cost and labor investment required by reproduction are reduced, the labor cost is reduced, the profitability of waste plastics reproduction industry is turned, and meanwhile, the pollution and damage to the natural environment caused by burying the waste plastics underground and direct burning can be effectively reduced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the high-throughput intelligent sorting method for recycling waste plastics according to the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the high-throughput intelligent sorting system for recycling waste plastics according to the invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a portion of the sorting system of fig. 2.
In the figure:
1. a main control machine; 2. a manipulator; 3. a hopper; 4. recycling the plastic fragments; 5. a conveyor belt; 6. an NIR spectral identification device; 7. an infrared probe; 8. an air injection device; 9. a sorting partition plate; 10. a collection box; 21. PP infrared screening mechanical arm; 22. PET infrared screening manipulator; 23. PE infrared screening mechanical arm; 24. PA infrared screening mechanical arm; 25. PVC infrared screening manipulator.
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples and accompanying drawings.
Detailed Description
Referring to the attached drawings 1-3, the high-throughput intelligent sorting method for recycling waste plastics provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) the method comprises the steps that a high-throughput intelligent sorting system is arranged, the high-throughput intelligent sorting system comprises a main control computer and a plurality of infrared screening mechanical arms, each infrared screening mechanical arm is provided with an NIR spectrum recognition device and an air injection device, the NIR spectrum recognition devices sense a plurality of specific characteristic peaks of different waste plastic components, and each NIR spectrum recognition device is provided with an infrared probe; each screening mechanical arm is arranged from top to bottom in a layering manner from a hopper to form a multi-layer infrared screening production line;
(2) loading the recycled mixed waste plastic fragments into a hopper, sequentially conveying the recycled mixed waste plastic fragments to each infrared screening mechanical arm by a conveyor belt, sequentially sliding, performing spectrum identification and sorting by an infrared probe according to a plurality of detected specific characteristic peaks of different waste plastic components in the sliding process, and when the infrared probe detects that the mixed waste plastic contains a plurality of characteristic peaks of single-component plastic fragments, operating an air injection device of the infrared screening mechanical arm to inject air to the identified plastic fragments and blow off the mixed waste plastic, screening the single-component plastic fragments out to separate the single-component plastic fragments from the mixed waste plastic, and separately collecting the single-component plastic fragments; the air jet device operates on only one piece of plastic at a time;
(3) repeating the step (2), sequentially feeding the plastic fragments with various single components in the recycled mixed waste plastic fragments into each infrared screening manipulator, and completing a first sorting cycle after all the plastic fragments are screened and independently collected;
(4) after the first sorting cycle is screened, sending the rest unidentified mixed waste plastics into the hopper again, carrying out a second sorting cycle, separately collecting screened fragments, sending the fragments which are not screened into the hopper again, and so on until all sorting is finished;
(5) respectively conveying the single-component waste plastics which are sequentially sorted and respectively collected by the infrared screening mechanical arms out for subsequent classified regeneration processing.
Specifically, the mixed waste plastic fragments comprise waste plastic components with specific several characteristic peaks, including but not limited to PP, PET, PE, PA, PVC, etc.
The infrared screening mechanical arm is composed of five infrared screening mechanical arms used for respectively screening PP, PET, PE, PA and PVC, and respectively and correspondingly identifies and sorts plastic fragments of corresponding materials.
The step (2) specifically comprises the following steps:
when the mixed waste plastic is sent out from a hopper or a conveyor belt and passes through a PP infrared screening manipulator with sensing function, the PP infrared screening manipulator screens out PP plastic fragments to separate the PP plastic fragments from the mixed waste plastic, and the PP plastic fragments are separately collected;
the rest mixed waste plastic is sent out by a conveyor belt, and when the rest mixed waste plastic passes through a PET infrared screening manipulator, PET plastic fragments are screened out by the PET infrared screening manipulator to be separated from the mixed waste plastic and are separately collected;
the residual mixed waste plastic is sent out by a conveyor belt, and when the mixed waste plastic passes through a PE infrared screening mechanical arm, PE plastic fragments are screened out by the PE infrared screening mechanical arm and separated from the mixed waste plastic;
the residual mixed plastic is sent out by a conveyor belt, and when the residual mixed plastic passes through a PA infrared screening mechanical arm, PA plastic fragments are screened out by the PA infrared screening mechanical arm and separated from the mixed waste plastic;
the residual mixed plastic is sent out by a conveyor belt, and when the residual mixed plastic passes through the PVC infrared screening mechanical arm, the PVC infrared screening mechanical arm screens out the PVC and enables the PVC to be separated from the mixed waste plastic;
the screening steps are not in sequence, only plastic fragments with the same characteristics as the components detected by the infrared screening mechanical arm spectral recognition are screened and separated in each step, and fragments of other components are not screened and separated.
The step (2) further comprises the following steps:
(1) cleaning, crushing and removing metal impurities from the sorted mixed waste plastic fragments, wherein the crushing size is proper, and the waste plastic forming the mixed waste plastic fragments is prepared from single components;
(2) the sorted mixed waste plastic is removed with black and dark plastics in advance, and the sorted plastics are all light colors, so that the sorting accuracy and efficiency are improved.
The detection area of the sensor of the infrared probe of the NIR spectrum identification device is a near-infrared short wave or long wave area, and the collection mode is a diffuse reflection mode to collect the spectrum.
When the infrared probe collects infrared spectra, the infrared probe mainly compares and identifies a plurality of specific characteristic peaks of different plastics, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: the characteristic peak of the infrared spectrum of the PP is 2962-2920 cm-1，2872～2852cm-1，1465～1459cm-1，1378～1375cm-1，1162～1156cm-1，973～971cm-1(ii) a The characteristic peak of the infrared spectrum of PET is 1717-1725 cm-11263-1268 cm of the vibration peak of stretching and contracting carbonyl group-1Asymmetric stretching vibration peak of C-C-O of benzene ring carbon at position 1120cm-1And 1100cm-1Nearby O-CH2-CH2725cm of asymmetric stretching vibration peak of-1C-H rocking vibration peaks at; the characteristic peak of the infrared spectrum of PE is 2920cm-1And 2850cm-1At 1464cm of methylene stretching vibration peak-1And 719cm-1A methylene distortion vibration peak at (a); the characteristic peak of the infrared spectrum of PA is 3300cm-1，1635cm-1，1540cm-1，1282～1260cm-1Nearby, wherein the infrared spectrum of PA6 has a characteristic peak of 960cm-1，930cm-1The characteristic peak of infrared spectrum of PA66 is 935cm-1(ii) a The characteristic peak of the infrared spectrum of the PVC is 1426cm-1Of (C is a-CH)2Symmetric stretching vibration peak of-CHCl-, 1334cm-1And 1254cm-1In the region of-CHCl-stretching vibration peak, 693cm-1And 614cm-1C-Cl stretching vibration peak at (C-Cl).
A high-flux intelligent sorting system for recycling waste plastics, which implements the method, comprises a main control machine 1, a plurality of infrared screening mechanical arms 2, a hopper 3, a plurality of conveyor belts 5 and a collection box 10; wherein the screening manipulators are sequentially arranged from top to bottom in a layered manner from the hopper to form a multi-layer infrared screening production line; each infrared screening manipulator 2 is provided with an NIR spectrum recognition device 6 and an air injection device 8 which are provided with a plurality of specific characteristic peaks for sensing different waste plastic components, and each NIR spectrum recognition device 6 is provided with an infrared probe 7; mixed waste plastic fragments 4 to be recovered are loaded in a hopper 3, a conveyor belt 5 is sequentially arranged below each infrared screening mechanical arm 2 in sequence, the mixed waste plastic fragments 4 are conveyed below each infrared screening mechanical arm 2, and each infrared probe 7 carries out spectrum identification and sorting according to a plurality of specific characteristic peaks of different detected waste plastic components; the air injection device 8 is arranged obliquely above the intersection of the two conveyor belts 5, is aligned with the plastic chips sliding down between the two conveyor belts, and injects air to the identified plastic chips, blows off the mixed waste plastic to separate the mixed waste plastic from the plastic chips and enters the corresponding collection box 10.
The high-flux intelligent sorting system for recycling the waste plastics further comprises a plurality of sorting partition plates 9, wherein the sorting partition plates 9 are arranged at the intersection of the two conveyor belts 5 and work in cooperation with the air injection device 8, so that the identified plastic fragments are blown away from the mixed waste plastics and enter the corresponding collection boxes 10.
In this embodiment, the number of the infrared screening manipulators 2 is 5, which are respectively: PP infrared screening manipulator 21, PET infrared screening manipulator 22, PE infrared screening manipulator 23, PA infrared screening manipulator 24, PVC infrared screening manipulator 25, the plastics piece that the discernment that corresponds the material that corresponds respectively with the letter sorting.
The method for recycling the plastic with reduced cost comprises 5 main screening steps of crushing, conveying, identifying, sorting, collecting and the like. The pretreated mixed waste plastic fragments fall from the hopper and are conveyed to the infrared screening manipulators by the conveying belts to be sequentially subjected to spectrum identification and sorting. The mixed waste plastic fragments are only screened when passing through an infrared screening manipulator of an infrared sensor for sensing PP; only fragments of PET materials are screened when passing through an infrared screening manipulator with an infrared sensor for sensing PET; only fragments of PE materials are screened when the PE materials pass through an infrared screening manipulator with an infrared sensor for sensing PE; only fragments of PA materials are screened when the PA materials pass through an infrared screening manipulator with an infrared sensor for sensing PA; only fragments of PVC materials are screened when the PVC materials pass through an infrared screening manipulator with an infrared sensor for sensing PVC; and carrying out secondary sorting circulation, tertiary sorting circulation and the like on the residual unidentified waste plastics until the mixed fragments are completely sorted.
In order to improve the treatment efficiency, the fragments of the mixed waste plastic materials sorted by the invention are subjected to a series of steps of cleaning, crushing, removing impurities such as metal and the like, the crushing size is proper, and the components of the plastic fragments are in a set identifiable plastic component range.
Black and dark plastics are removed in advance from the sorted mixed waste plastics, and the sorted plastics are light in color.
The sensor detection area of each infrared probe used in plastic sorting is a near-infrared short wave area, and the collection mode is a diffuse reflection mode to collect spectrum.
The infrared probe or near infrared probe (sensor) adopted by the invention can sense and identify one variety of plastic PP, PET, PE, PA, PVC and other components, for example, only the fragments of the PP component are identified when the fragments of the mixed material pass through the sensor for sensing PP. In the same manner, only the fragments of the PET component are identified when passing through the PET-sensing sensor, only the fragments of the PE component when passing through the PE-sensing sensor, only the fragments of the PA component when passing through the PA-sensing sensor, and only the fragments of the PVC component when passing through the PVC-sensing sensor. When the plastics are identified, the main control computer directs the air ejector to jet air to the identified plastic fragments, separates the plastic fragments into mixed fragments and enters the corresponding material collecting box.
When the infrared probe collects infrared spectra, the infrared probe mainly aims at comparing and identifying a plurality of specific characteristic peaks of different plastics. In the embodiment, the characteristic peak of the infrared spectrum of the PP is 2962-2920 cm-1，2872～2852cm-1，1465～1459cm-1，1378～1375cm-1，1162～1156cm-1，973～971cm-1(ii) a The characteristic peak of the infrared spectrum of PET is 1717-1725 cm-11263-1268 cm of the vibration peak of stretching and contracting carbonyl group-1Asymmetric stretching vibration peak of C-C-O of benzene ring carbon at position 1120cm-1And 1100cm-1Nearby O-CH2-CH2725cm of asymmetric stretching vibration peak of-1C-H rocking vibration peaks at; the characteristic peak of the infrared spectrum of PE is 2920cm-1And 2850cm-1At 1464cm of methylene stretching vibration peak-1And 719cm-1A methylene distortion vibration peak at (a); the characteristic peak of the infrared spectrum of PA is 3300cm-1，1635cm-1，1540cm-1，1282～1260cm-1Nearby, wherein the infrared spectrum of PA6 has a characteristic peak of 960cm-1，930cm-1The characteristic peak of infrared spectrum of PA66 is 935cm-1(ii) a The characteristic peak of the infrared spectrum of the PVC is 1426cm-1Of (C is a-CH)2Symmetric stretching vibration peak of-CHCl-, 1334cm-1And 1254cm-1(ii) at-CHCl-stretching vibration peak.
In the embodiment of the invention, when the main control computer controls the air ejector to jet air, only one plastic fragment is aligned to operate at a time, so that the plastic fragments are accurately separated.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, when PP chips in the mixed chips are passed through a near infrared sensor and a robot provided to sense only PP, each PP chip is sensed and recognized by the sensor, and air ejected from the air ejector is directed to the each PP chip to separate it and sent to the PP collecting box through the conveyor belt.
As mentioned above, when the mixed waste plastic fragments are identified and sorted by each manipulator and near infrared probe, the single fragments identified by each near infrared probe are respectively aligned, the air injector is started to inject air to the single fragments so as to separate the single fragments from the mixed fragments, the fragments with single components such as PET, PE, PA, PVC and the like are sequentially and respectively screened out, and the fragments are sent into the corresponding collection boxes through the conveyor belts.
According to the invention, non-contact identification screening is carried out through the near infrared probe (sensor), and then air separation is sprayed by the air sprayer, so that secondary pollution to the environment is reduced while high-efficiency recovery of waste plastics is ensured, a clean screening working environment can be ensured, and the health of workers is not influenced. The invention can greatly reduce the manufacturing cost and labor investment required by recycling and reproducing the waste plastics, and can effectively reduce the pollution and damage to the natural environment caused by burying the waste plastics underground and directly burning the waste plastics.
The above embodiments are preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present invention should be construed as equivalents thereof, and all such changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications are intended to be included in the scope of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. A high-throughput intelligent sorting method for recycling waste plastics is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) the method comprises the steps that a high-throughput intelligent sorting system is arranged, the high-throughput intelligent sorting system comprises a main control computer and a plurality of infrared screening mechanical arms, each infrared screening mechanical arm is provided with an NIR spectrum recognition device and an air injection device, the NIR spectrum recognition devices sense a plurality of specific characteristic peaks of different waste plastic components, and each NIR spectrum recognition device is provided with an infrared probe; each screening mechanical arm is arranged from top to bottom in a layering manner from a hopper to form a multi-layer infrared screening production line;
(2) loading the recycled mixed waste plastic fragments into a hopper, sequentially conveying the recycled mixed waste plastic fragments to each infrared screening mechanical arm by a conveyor belt, sequentially sliding, performing spectrum identification and sorting by an infrared probe according to a plurality of detected specific characteristic peaks of different waste plastic components in the sliding process, starting an air injection device of the infrared screening mechanical arm when the infrared probe detects that the mixed waste plastic has the plurality of characteristic peaks of the single-component plastic fragments, injecting air to the identified plastic fragments, blowing off the mixed waste plastic, screening the single-component plastic fragments out to separate the single-component plastic fragments from the mixed waste plastic, and separately collecting; the air jet device operates on only one piece of plastic at a time;
(3) repeating the step (2), sequentially feeding the plastic fragments with various single components in the recycled mixed waste plastic fragments into each infrared screening manipulator, and completing a first sorting cycle after all the plastic fragments are screened and independently collected;
(4) after the first sorting cycle is screened, sending the rest unidentified mixed waste plastics into the hopper again, carrying out a second sorting cycle, separately collecting screened fragments, sending the fragments which are not screened into the hopper again, and so on until all sorting is finished;
(5) respectively conveying the single-component waste plastics which are sequentially sorted and respectively collected by the infrared screening mechanical arms out for subsequent classified regeneration processing.
2. The high-throughput intelligent sorting method for recycling waste plastics according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following steps:
the mixed waste plastic fragments comprise waste plastic components with a plurality of specific characteristic peaks, including PP, PET, PE, PA and PVC.
3. The high-throughput intelligent sorting method for recycling waste plastics according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the infrared screening manipulator consists of five infrared screening manipulators for respectively screening PP, PET, PE, PA and PVC;
the step (2) specifically comprises the following steps:
when the mixed waste plastic is sent out from a hopper or a conveyor belt and passes through a PP infrared screening manipulator with sensing function, the PP infrared screening manipulator screens out PP plastic fragments to separate the PP plastic fragments from the mixed waste plastic, and the PP plastic fragments are separately collected;
the rest mixed waste plastic is sent out by a conveyor belt, and when the rest mixed waste plastic passes through a PET infrared screening manipulator, PET plastic fragments are screened out by the PET infrared screening manipulator to be separated from the mixed waste plastic and are separately collected;
the residual mixed waste plastic is sent out by a conveyor belt, and when the mixed waste plastic passes through a PE infrared screening mechanical arm, PE plastic fragments are screened out by the PE infrared screening mechanical arm and separated from the mixed waste plastic;
the residual mixed plastic is sent out by a conveyor belt, and when the residual mixed plastic passes through a PA infrared screening mechanical arm, PA plastic fragments are screened out by the PA infrared screening mechanical arm and separated from the mixed waste plastic;
the residual mixed plastic is sent out by a conveyor belt, and when the residual mixed plastic passes through the PVC infrared screening mechanical arm, the PVC infrared screening mechanical arm screens out the PVC and enables the PVC to be separated from the mixed waste plastic;
the screening steps are not in sequence, only plastic fragments with the same characteristics as the components detected by the infrared screening mechanical arm spectral recognition are screened and separated in each step, and fragments of other components are not screened and separated.
4. The high-throughput intelligent sorting method for recycling waste plastics according to claim 1, characterized in that: the step (2) further comprises the following steps:
(1) cleaning, crushing and removing metal impurities from the sorted mixed waste plastic fragments, wherein the crushing size is proper, and the waste plastic forming the mixed waste plastic fragments is prepared from single components;
(2) the sorted mixed waste plastic is removed with black and dark plastics in advance, and the sorted plastics are all light colors, so that the sorting accuracy and efficiency are improved.
5. The high-throughput intelligent sorting method for recycling waste plastics according to claim 1, characterized in that the steps of:
the detection area of the sensor of the infrared probe of the NIR spectrum identification device is a near-infrared short wave or long wave area, and the collection mode is a diffuse reflection mode to collect the spectrum.
6. The high-throughput intelligent sorting method for recycling waste plastics according to claim 5, characterized in that: when the infrared spectrum is collected, a plurality of specific characteristic peaks of different plastics are mainly compared and identified, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: the characteristic peak of the infrared spectrum of the PP is 2962-2920 cm-1，2872～2852cm-1，1465～1459cm-1，1378～1375cm-1，1162～1156cm-1，973～971cm-1(ii) a The characteristic peak of the infrared spectrum of PET is 1717-1725 cm-11263-1268 cm of the vibration peak of stretching and contracting carbonyl group-1Asymmetric stretching vibration peak of C-C-O of benzene ring carbon at position 1120cm-1And 1100cm-1Nearby O-CH2-CH2725cm of asymmetric stretching vibration peak of-1C-H rocking vibration peaks at; the characteristic peak of the infrared spectrum of PE is 2920cm-1And 2850cm-1At 1464cm of methylene stretching vibration peak-1And 719cm-1A methylene distortion vibration peak at (a); the characteristic peak of the infrared spectrum of PA is 3300cm-1，1635cm-1，1540cm-1，1282～1260cm-1Nearby, wherein the infrared spectrum of PA6 has a characteristic peak of 960cm-1，930cm-1The characteristic peak of infrared spectrum of PA66 is 935cm-1(ii) a The characteristic peak of the infrared spectrum of the PVC is 1426cm-1Of (C is a-CH)2Symmetric stretching vibration peak of-CHCl-, 1334cm-1And 1254cm-1In the region of-CHCl-stretching vibration peak, 693cm-1And 614cm-1C-Cl stretching vibration peak at (C-Cl).
7. A high-throughput intelligent sorting system for recycling waste plastics, which implements the method of any one of claims 1 to 6, is characterized by comprising a main control machine (1), a plurality of infrared screening mechanical arms (2), a hopper (3), a plurality of conveyor belts (5) and a collection box (10); wherein the screening manipulators are sequentially arranged from top to bottom in a layered manner from the hopper to form a multi-layer infrared screening production line; wherein each infrared screening mechanical arm (2) is provided with an NIR spectrum recognition device (6) and an air injection device (8) which are provided with a plurality of specific characteristic peaks for sensing different waste plastic components, and each NIR spectrum recognition device (6) is provided with an infrared probe (7); mixed waste plastic fragments (4) to be recovered are loaded in a hopper (3), a conveyor belt (5) is sequentially arranged below each infrared screening mechanical arm (2), the mixed waste plastic fragments (4) are conveyed below each infrared screening mechanical arm (2), and each infrared probe (7) performs spectrum identification and sorting according to a plurality of specific characteristic peaks of different detected waste plastic components; the air injection device (8) is arranged obliquely above the intersection of the two conveyor belts (5), is aligned with the plastic fragments sliding between the two conveyor belts, and injects air to the identified plastic fragments, blows off the mixed waste plastic to separate the mixed waste plastic from the plastic fragments and enters the corresponding collection box (10).
8. The high throughput intelligent sorting system for recycled waste plastics according to claim 7, characterized in that it further comprises a plurality of sorting partitions (9), which sorting partitions (9) are arranged at the junction of the two conveyor belts (5) and cooperate with the air injection means (8) to blow the identified plastic fragments away from the mixed waste plastics into the corresponding collection boxes (10).
9. The high-throughput intelligent sorting system for recycling waste plastics according to claim 7, characterized in that the number of said infrared screening manipulators (2) is 5, respectively: the device comprises a PP infrared screening manipulator (21), a PET infrared screening manipulator (22), a PE infrared screening manipulator (23), a PA infrared screening manipulator (24) and a PVC infrared screening manipulator (25).
CN202011432322.5A 2020-12-10 2020-12-10 High-flux intelligent sorting method and system for recycling waste plastics Pending CN112693032A (en)

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Cited By (4)

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CN113560198A (en) * 2021-05-20 2021-10-29 光大环境科技（中国）有限公司 Category sorting method and category sorting system
CN113715191A (en) * 2021-08-30 2021-11-30 厦门陆海环保股份有限公司 Preparation method of special material for recycled plastic particles of non-woven fabric
CN115139432A (en) * 2022-08-22 2022-10-04 苏州普力姆塑料材料有限公司 Method for detecting infrared master batch by using infrared detection equipment to recover plastics
WO2023061977A1 (en) 2021-10-12 2023-04-20 Trinamix Gmbh A system and a method for classifying a sample into one of at least two types of polyamide

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CN106426642A (en) * 2016-08-29 2017-02-22 上海交通大学 Near-infrared sorting device for waste household appliance dismantled and broken plastic

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EP1023945A1 (en) * 1999-01-27 2000-08-02 U.T.G. Gesellschaft für Umwelttechnik Method and device for sorting a waste mixture
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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113560198A (en) * 2021-05-20 2021-10-29 光大环境科技（中国）有限公司 Category sorting method and category sorting system
CN113560198B (en) * 2021-05-20 2023-03-03 光大环境科技（中国）有限公司 Category sorting method and category sorting system
CN113715191A (en) * 2021-08-30 2021-11-30 厦门陆海环保股份有限公司 Preparation method of special material for recycled plastic particles of non-woven fabric
WO2023061977A1 (en) 2021-10-12 2023-04-20 Trinamix Gmbh A system and a method for classifying a sample into one of at least two types of polyamide
CN115139432A (en) * 2022-08-22 2022-10-04 苏州普力姆塑料材料有限公司 Method for detecting infrared master batch by using infrared detection equipment to recover plastics
CN115139432B (en) * 2022-08-22 2023-08-29 苏州普力姆塑料材料有限公司 Method for detecting infrared master batch by utilizing infrared detection equipment to recycle plastics

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