CN112692223A - Reducing transition section, forming method, auxiliary tool and hydrogenation reactor - Google Patents
Reducing transition section, forming method, auxiliary tool and hydrogenation reactor Download PDFInfo
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- CN112692223A CN112692223A CN202011447418.9A CN202011447418A CN112692223A CN 112692223 A CN112692223 A CN 112692223A CN 202011447418 A CN202011447418 A CN 202011447418A CN 112692223 A CN112692223 A CN 112692223A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
- B21K1/00—Making machine elements
- B21K1/76—Making machine elements elements not mentioned in one of the preceding groups
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/0053—Details of the reactor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
- B21J1/02—Preliminary treatment of metal stock without particular shaping, e.g. salvaging segregated zones, forging or pressing in the rough
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/002—Hybrid process, e.g. forging following casting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
- B21J5/08—Upsetting
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
- B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
- B21J5/10—Piercing billets
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Abstract
The invention provides a reducing transition section, a forming method, an auxiliary tool and a hydrogenation reactor, and relates to the technical field of hot working forging. The method for forming the reducing transition section comprises the steps of pretreating a steel ingot to obtain a blank; sequentially carrying out upsetting punching, core rod drawing and pre-reaming treatment on the blank; carrying out flattening and preforming on the blank subjected to pre-reaming; and (5) using an auxiliary tool to match with forging to obtain transition sections with different inner diameters. Thus, for the scheme that two forgings are manufactured separately and then combined, the transition section with different inner diameters is formed by upsetting, drawing out the core rod, pre-reaming, flattening and reaming a finished product by using an auxiliary tool, namely, the reducing transition section is formed integrally instead of manufacturing the two forgings separately. The forging process is simplified by the integrated forming mode, the production time is saved, and the production efficiency is greatly improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of hot working forging, in particular to a reducing transition section, a forming method, an auxiliary tool and a hydrogenation reactor.
Background
The hydrogenation transition section is an indispensable part in each hydrogenation reactor and is positioned in a transition zone where the upper end socket and the lower end socket are connected with the shell ring.
The hydrogenation transition section is a forging with special shape, large diameter and high forming difficulty, and particularly, the hydrogenation transition section can only be forged into an overlay ring type piece for production at the transition section with thicker wall thickness. The existing manufacturing scheme of the transition section is that a shell ring and the transition section are manufactured separately and are forged into two annular forgings with different sizes, and then the two annular forgings are welded and formed, so that the forging process is multiple in working procedures and the subsequent processing time is long.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the problems that the existing transition section is forged into two forgings separately, the forging process has too many working procedures and the subsequent processing time is longer.
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a method for forming a reducing transition section, comprising:
pretreating a steel ingot to obtain a blank;
sequentially carrying out upsetting punching, core rod drawing and pre-reaming treatment on the blank;
carrying out flattening and preforming on the blank subjected to pre-reaming;
and (5) using an auxiliary tool to match with forging to obtain transition sections with different inner diameters.
Thus, compared with the scheme that the transition section is formed by independently manufacturing two forged pieces and then combining the two forged pieces, the transition section with different inner diameters is formed by integrally forming through upsetting, drawing out the core rod, pre-reaming, flattening and reaming a finished product by using an auxiliary tool. The forging process is simplified by the integrated forming mode, the production time is saved, and the production efficiency is greatly improved.
Optionally, the pre-treating the steel ingot to obtain a blank includes:
and cutting off a riser and a nozzle ingot body of the steel ingot in a gas cutting mode, wherein the residual steel ingot is the blank.
Therefore, the water riser is cut in the steel ingot in a gas cutting mode, only the part with excellent quality in the steel ingot is reserved, the stability of the material is improved, and the quality of the formed forging is ensured.
Optionally, the blank is sequentially subjected to upsetting, punching, mandrel lengthening and pre-reaming treatment, including:
pressing the blank downwards for upsetting and punching;
penetrating a core rod into a blank hole formed by punching, and drawing the length of the blank to a preset length;
and penetrating a bumper into the blank hole, and pre-reaming the blank with a preset length, wherein the aperture subjected to pre-reaming is larger than the aperture subjected to punching.
Therefore, the straight-tube blank with a certain length and a certain thickness is formed through upsetting and punching, core rod drawing and pre-reaming treatment, and the subsequent transition section is favorably machined and formed.
Optionally, during the leveling and preforming of the blank subjected to pre-reaming, the blank subjected to pre-reaming is subjected to single-side leveling to form blanks with different wall thicknesses.
Therefore, the blank subjected to pre-reaming is subjected to single-side flattening, so that blanks with different wall thicknesses are formed, the subsequent auxiliary tool is favorably matched with a finished product, the different wall thicknesses can be generated when the auxiliary tool is used for reaming, and the size of the finished product is controllable.
Optionally, the auxiliary tool is used for forging in a matched manner to obtain transition sections with different inner diameters, and the auxiliary tool with different outer diameters is used for reaming a finished product to obtain the transition sections with different inner diameters.
Like this, the tip blank adopts and levels preforming, and the blank size end is out of sync earlier when special platform cover reaming and is waited to meet the mode that synchronous deformation is again after the complete laminating of the assistive device that the external diameter is different, allowance in the wall thickness direction of can effectual control.
Optionally, the outer diameter of the accessory is complementary to the inner diameter of the transition section.
Therefore, as the outer diameter of the auxiliary tool is complementary with the inner diameter of the transition section, namely the difference between different outer diameters of the auxiliary tool is equal to the difference between different inner diameters of the transition section, the wall thickness of the auxiliary tool with different outer diameters is used for supplementing the wall thickness of the inner diameter of the forging, so that synchronous uniform deformation is realized, and the sizes of all parts are controlled more easily and accurately.
The invention further provides a reducing transition section, which comprises a first transition section and a second transition section, wherein the first transition section and the second transition section have different inner diameters, and are of an integral structure, and the first transition section and the second transition section are formed by using the forming method of the reducing transition section.
Thus, for the scheme that two forgings are manufactured separately and then combined, the transition section with different inner diameters is formed by upsetting, drawing out the core rod, pre-reaming, flattening and reaming a finished product by using an auxiliary tool, namely, the reducing transition section is formed integrally instead of manufacturing the two forgings separately. First changeover portion and second changeover portion integrated into one piece have practiced thrift the production time, have promoted production efficiency greatly.
Optionally, the first transition section has an inner diameter smaller than an inner diameter of the second transition section.
Thus, the inner diameter of the first transition section is smaller than that of the second transition section, so that the technological dimension requirement of the forging is met.
The invention further provides a transition section forming auxiliary tool, which is applied to the method for forming the different-diameter transition section.
Therefore, for the used auxiliary tool, the wall thickness of the inner diameter of the forged piece is supplemented by utilizing the difference of the outer diameters of the first sleeve body and the second sleeve body, so that synchronous uniform deformation is realized, and the sizes of all parts are easier to control accurately. In addition, the auxiliary tool is applied to the method for forming the reducing transition section, so that compared with the scheme that two forged pieces are manufactured separately and then combined to form the transition section, the transition section with different inner diameters is formed by upsetting, drawing out a core rod, pre-reaming, flattening and reaming a finished product by using the auxiliary tool, namely the reducing transition section is formed integrally instead of manufacturing the two forged pieces separately. The forging process is simplified by the integrated forming mode, the production time is saved, and the production efficiency is greatly improved.
The invention further provides a hydrogenation reactor, which comprises a shell ring and an end enclosure, wherein the shell ring and the end enclosure are connected to form a transition section, and the transition section is formed by using the reducing transition section forming method.
Thus, for the scheme that two forgings are manufactured separately and then combined, the transition section with different inner diameters is formed by upsetting, drawing out the core rod, pre-reaming, flattening and reaming a finished product by using an auxiliary tool, namely, the reducing transition section is formed integrally instead of manufacturing the two forgings separately. The forging process is simplified by the integrated forming mode, the production time is saved, and the production efficiency is greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a method for forming a reducing transition section according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart illustrating a method for forming a reducing transition section according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a structure of a reducing transition section according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an auxiliary device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a structure of a reducing transition section and an auxiliary tool according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1-a reducing transition section; 2-auxiliary tools; 11-a first transition section; 12-a second transition section; 21-a first sleeve body; 22-second sleeve body.
Detailed Description
The hydrogenation transition section is an indispensable part in each hydrogenation reactor and is positioned in a transition zone where the upper end socket and the lower end socket are connected with the shell ring. The hydrogenation transition section is a forging with special shape, large diameter and high forming difficulty, and particularly, the hydrogenation transition section can only be forged into an overlay ring type piece for production in the transition section with the wall thickness T more than or equal to 300mm, the outer diameter is the largest size, the inner diameter is the smallest size, the forging allowance is large, and the material utilization rate is low. The existing scheme for manufacturing the transition section is that a shell ring and the transition section are manufactured separately, and are forged into two annular forgings with different sizes, and then the two annular forgings are welded and formed. Because the forging is two forgings, the forging process has too many working procedures and the subsequent processing time is longer.
Transition section class forging in the hydrogenation ware, its shape is more special, and the production mode was forged into a ring class forging of an overlay type and is produced for it in the past, and the shaping scheme is fairly simple, but material utilization is very low and manufacturing cycle is too long, can't promote market competition.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
It is to be noted that the terms "first", "second", and the like in the description and claims of the present invention and in the above-described drawings are used for distinguishing similar objects and not necessarily for describing a particular order or sequence. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the invention described herein are capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or described herein.
As shown in fig. 1, fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for forming a reducing transition section according to an embodiment of the present invention. The application discloses a method for forming a reducing transition section, which comprises the following steps:
and S100, pretreating the steel ingot to obtain a blank.
The molten steel is poured into a casting mould through a ladle to be solidified into a steel ingot, and the steel ingot is pretreated firstly. The pretreatment comprises the steps of carrying out gas cutting on the steel ingot, cutting off the waste materials of the dead head and the water gap to obtain a blank, cutting off the water dead head from the steel ingot in a gas cutting mode, and only keeping the part with excellent quality in the steel ingot. Because the quality of the steel ingot plays an important role in the production of the forged piece, the steel ingot with good quality is selected through pretreatment, so that the stability of materials in the machining process is facilitated, and the quality of the finished product of the forged piece is ensured.
And S200, sequentially carrying out upsetting punching, core rod drawing and pre-reaming treatment on the blank.
And (3) pressing and upsetting the pretreated steel ingot downwards and punching to obtain a circular cylinder blank with smaller length and inner diameter and thicker thickness. The method comprises the steps of carrying out core rod drawing on a round barrel blank subjected to upsetting and punching, inserting the blank subjected to punching into a core rod with a proper size, so that the overall length of the blank is lengthened, carrying out pre-reaming treatment after core rod drawing, and forming a reaming hole with a larger inner diameter so as to facilitate the penetration of a subsequent auxiliary tool.
S300, performing flattening and preforming on the blank subjected to pre-reaming.
And (4) carrying out flattening operation on the blank subjected to pre-reaming to preliminarily form the circular cylinder blank with different wall thicknesses.
And S400, using an auxiliary tool to cooperate with forging to obtain transition sections with different inner diameters.
Through using the circular barrel blank that assists the utensil and the wall thickness of primary forming is different to go the cooperation, finished product size is accomplished in synchronous deformation, forms the changeover portion that the internal diameter is different.
Thus, compared with the scheme that the transition section is formed by independently manufacturing two forged pieces and then combining the two forged pieces, the transition section with different inner diameters is formed by integrally forming through upsetting, drawing out the core rod, pre-reaming, flattening and reaming a finished product by using an auxiliary tool. The forging process is simplified by the integrated forming mode, the production time is saved, and the production efficiency is greatly improved. In addition, the forging allowance is reduced to the greatest extent through integrated forging, a forging forming streamline is reserved, and near-net forming and green manufacturing of the forging are achieved while the mechanical property of the forging is guaranteed.
The traditional hydrogenation reactor is divided into three types of forgings, namely an upper end enclosure, a lower end enclosure, a cylinder body and a transition section between the end enclosures and the cylinder body, and because the hydrogenation reactor is large in size, ultra-large plate blanks cannot be manufactured according to the capacity of the existing hydraulic press equipment, the end enclosures and the transition section cannot be subjected to combined forging treatment. Because the diameters of the openings of the shell ring and the transition section are different, the shell ring and the transition section are generally forged by being separated into two forgings, if the two forgings with different diameters are to be integrally formed and produced, the forging difficulty is increased for large heavy-duty mechanical equipment such as a hydrogenation reactor, the process is complex, and the production cost is high. In addition, even if an integrally formed structure can be formed, for example, the integrally formed structure is formed by a process method of rotationally forging and closing the opening by a closing hammer head, because the closed end product needs multiple theoretical calculations to ensure that the size meets the requirement, and the actual size has deformation after being heated, which can cause obvious quality problems, the finished product of the forged piece produced by the method has low stability and low accuracy. And this application scheme is through using the utensil of assisting that the external diameter is different to assist the forging that the wall thickness is different can realize synchronous even deformation, makes off-the-shelf stability higher like this, and each part size is accurate control more easily.
In addition, compared with the scheme that the transition section is formed by separately manufacturing two forgings and then combining the two forgings, the integrally formed transition section effectively saves the molten steel by about 15 percent. For example, in selecting a slab weight, 200 tons of slab may be required if it is desired to form an integrally formed transition section. Whereas for the separate manufacture of two forgings, the two ingots do not necessarily add up to 200 tonnes, there is a spacing between the ingot shapes, there may be a difference of 5 tonnes between each ingot shape, theoretically when using these 200 tonnes for manufacture divided into two forgings, one 50 tonne and one 150 tonne. Because of the restrictions between ingot types, the ingot used to produce large diameter forgings can become 154 tons, and producing small diameter forgings can require more than 50 tons of ingot, with the weight of the ingot increasing virtually. Therefore, compared with the scheme of independently forming two forgings, the integrally formed transition section effectively saves the amount of molten steel, reduces the production and manufacturing cost, reduces the energy consumption and realizes green manufacturing. Secondly, for the scheme that two forgings are formed alone, the total forging time is reduced by nearly half, has promoted production efficiency greatly.
Generally, for manufacturing the transition section formed in the integrally formed transition section, the outer diameter and the inner diameter of the transition section are similar to a closed-up shape, the processes of blanking, upsetting, drawing out a mandrel, flattening the end face, pre-reaming, gas cutting and trimming the end face, a rotary table and a special auxiliary tool are generally adopted to widen a finished product, so that the integrally formed transition section has more processes and relatively more fire times, and compared with the integrally formed transition section scheme for forming the step with the inner diameter, the integrally formed transition section has six processes, the process number is reduced, and the relative fire times are reduced. The process flow is shorter, and the manufacturing is more green due to the reduction of the fire number.
Optionally, the pre-treating the steel ingot to obtain a blank includes:
and cutting off a riser and a nozzle ingot body of the steel ingot in a gas cutting mode, wherein the residual steel ingot is the blank.
The steel ingot is forged after heat preservation, demoulding and hot delivery, and the riser is firstly gas-cut to ensure that both ends of the steel ingot have a certain proportion of cutting amount. And (4) performing gas cutting on a dead head, cutting the ingot body of the water gap according to the technological requirements, and performing gas cutting on the water gap waste material by 150 mm. The minimum gas cutting requirement is that the surface temperature of the steel ingot is more than or equal to 350 ℃, if the surface temperature of the steel ingot is lower than 400 ℃, the steel ingot is returned to a low-temperature furnace for preheating, the furnace temperature of the low-temperature furnace is 600-750 ℃, then the steel ingot is preheated according to a preset conversion curve, after the preheating is finished, the gas cutting can be continued without completing the gas cutting, and the steel ingot can be transferred to a high-temperature furnace (the furnace temperature is 1250 +/-10 ℃). Wherein, it needs to be noticed that the gas cutting end face is ensured to be cut flat in the gas cutting process. Through gas cutting, the secondary shrinkage cavity and the serious segregation area of the water gap deposit pile and the riser end are effectively cut off, and the quality of the forged piece is ensured.
Therefore, the water riser is cut in the steel ingot in a gas cutting mode, only the part with excellent quality in the steel ingot is reserved, the stability of the material is improved, and the quality of the formed forging is ensured.
As shown in fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a method for forming a reducing transition section according to another embodiment of the present invention. Optionally, S200, sequentially performing upsetting, punching, mandrel lengthening, and pre-reaming on the blank includes:
s210, pressing and upsetting the blank downwards and punching;
after the waste materials at the two ends are cut off, the steel ingot is subjected to upsetting and punching after long-time heat preservation, and the homogenization of the components in the steel ingot is realized, the solidification dendritic crystal crushing is also ensured, and the transformation to an equiaxial state is realized by utilizing long-time high-temperature diffusion and matching with a certain upsetting ratio. The steel ingot punching further removes the loose area of the steel ingot core, and is also a requirement of the forming process. And (3) pressing and upsetting the blank downwards and punching to obtain a round tube blank with smaller length and diameter and thicker thickness. When punching is carried out, the punch is aligned with the center of the blank, namely the center line of the punch is superposed with the center line of the center of the blank. In addition, the material is upset to reduce the punching depth, so that the processing difficulty is reduced to a certain extent, and the production efficiency is improved.
S220, penetrating the core rod into a blank hole formed by punching, and drawing out the length of the blank to a preset length;
and inserting a core rod with proper size into the punched blank at the core part, and drawing out the whole blank, wherein the purpose is to trim the drum shape formed on the outer surface of the blank after upsetting and ensure that the total length of the blank meets the length of a finished product. The method comprises the steps of penetrating a core rod into a blank hole, locking the root of a flange, and then stretching the flange in sequence from the end part of the core rod to the flange until the obtained blank length meets the preset length. And (3) carrying out gas cutting cleaning on burrs formed at the end of the water gap after the drawing of the core rod is finished, thus avoiding the inner surface fracture caused by rolling into the inner hole during the subsequent forging.
And S230, penetrating the bumper into the blank hole, and pre-reaming the blank with the preset length, wherein the aperture subjected to pre-reaming is larger than the aperture subjected to punching.
And after the core rod is drawn out and pre-reamed, the preparation of the straight cylindrical blank before rolling by the cylindrical shell section forming machine is finished. Wherein, when carrying out the reaming in advance, the reaming in advance will expand the assistive device that uses at the back and can penetrate into can, reduced the machining precision requirement to the reaming like this, the fault-tolerant rate is high.
Therefore, the straight-tube blank with a certain length and a certain thickness is formed through upsetting and punching, core rod drawing and pre-reaming treatment, and the subsequent transition section is favorably machined and formed.
Optionally, during the leveling and preforming of the blank subjected to pre-reaming, the blank subjected to pre-reaming is subjected to single-side leveling to form blanks with different wall thicknesses.
Because the blank has certain length limitation, the blank comprises an upper part and a lower part when being vertically placed through single-side pressurization, the inner diameter of the finished product is different, and the inner diameter of the upper part is required to be smaller than that of the lower part when the finished product is produced. The process of increasing the wall thickness of the blank on the upper side is faster than that of the lower side through the unilateral flattening, so that the wall thickness of the part on the upper side is larger than that of the lower side. The required size is ensured by increasing the wall thickness in advance in the middle process through the form of one-sided flattening.
Therefore, the blank subjected to pre-reaming is subjected to single-side flattening, so that blanks with different wall thicknesses are formed, the subsequent auxiliary tool is favorably matched with a finished product, the different wall thicknesses can be generated when the auxiliary tool is used for reaming, and the size of the finished product is controllable.
Optionally, for single-sided flattening, the height of the blank is controlled to ensure that the height is the same size as the final process requirements. Because the length of the end face of the last section is not controlled, the length of the end face is deviated, and the height of the end face is controlled to the size required by the process by using an auxiliary tool to increase the constraint; the single side is flattened, which is equivalent to the position where the lower part does not participate in deformation, the wall thickness of the upper part is properly increased, and different wall thicknesses can be generated when the step sleeve is used for reaming the rear part.
Optionally, the auxiliary tool is used for forging in a matched manner to obtain transition sections with different inner diameters, and the auxiliary tool with different outer diameters is used for reaming a finished product to obtain the transition sections with different inner diameters.
When pre-reaming is carried out, because the wall thickness heat control is not absolutely accurate, asynchronous deformation is just started, and then the auxiliary tool is used for being matched with the reaming to obtain a finished product, namely the auxiliary tool with different outer diameters and a fall is used for making up the wall thickness to be uniform. At the beginning, the wall thickness does not meet the requirement of the auxiliary tool, and the wall thickness of the forging is supplemented by the wall thickness of the auxiliary tool with different outer diameters, so that the wall thicknesses are the same, and the synchronous deformation is controlled.
Like this, the tip blank adopts and levels preforming, and the blank size end is out of sync earlier when special platform cover reaming and is waited to meet the mode that synchronous deformation is again after the complete laminating of the assistive device that the external diameter is different, allowance in the wall thickness direction of can effectual control.
Compared with the scheme of using the closing-in hammer head, the closed-in finished product can meet the requirement of the size only by multiple theoretical calculations, but the actual size is deformed after being heated in the actual processing process, so that the obvious quality problem is caused. In the application, synchronous and uniform deformation can be realized by using the auxiliary tools with different outer diameters to assist the wall thickness, so that the sizes of all parts can be controlled more easily and accurately.
Optionally, the outer diameter of the accessory is complementary to the inner diameter of the transition section.
The fact that the outer diameters of the auxiliary tools are complementary to the inner diameter of the transition section means that the difference between different outer diameters of the auxiliary tools is equal to the difference between different inner diameters of the transition section.
Therefore, as the outer diameter of the auxiliary tool is complementary with the inner diameter of the transition section, namely the difference between different outer diameters of the auxiliary tool is equal to the difference between different inner diameters of the transition section, the wall thickness of the auxiliary tool with different outer diameters is used for supplementing the wall thickness of the inner diameter of the forging, so that synchronous uniform deformation is realized, and the sizes of all parts are controlled more easily and accurately.
In addition, as for the auxiliary tool, as long as the difference of the inner diameter of the manufactured product is equal to the difference of the outer diameter of the auxiliary tool, the auxiliary tool can be applied to the production process, synchronous deformation can be realized through the auxiliary tool, and therefore the size of each formed part can be controlled more easily and accurately. Therefore, the auxiliary tool is high in universality and not limited by the diameter of the forged piece, and the auxiliary tool can be realized as long as the wall thickness drop meets the requirement. But for the scheme of using the closing-up hammer, because of using the rotatory mode, angle and segmentation all have certain requirements, have the relation with the diameter of forging moreover, and the commonality is not high, is unfavorable for promoting.
As shown in fig. 3, fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a reducing transition section structure according to an embodiment of the invention. The invention provides a reducing transition section 1, which comprises a first transition section 11 and a second transition section 12, wherein the inner diameters of the first transition section 11 and the second transition section 12 are different, the first transition section 11 and the second transition section 12 are of an integral structure, and the first transition section 11 and the second transition section 12 are formed by using the forming method of the reducing transition section.
Thus, for the scheme that two forgings are manufactured separately and then combined, the transition section with different inner diameters is formed by upsetting, drawing out the core rod, pre-reaming, flattening and reaming a finished product by using an auxiliary tool, namely, the reducing transition section is formed integrally instead of manufacturing the two forgings separately. The forging process is simplified by the integrated forming mode, the production time is saved, and the production efficiency is greatly improved. The integrally formed reducing transition section formed by the reducing transition section forming method greatly reduces the use of materials and improves the utilization rate of the materials. First changeover portion and second changeover portion integrated into one piece have practiced thrift the production time promptly, have promoted production efficiency greatly.
For the reducing transition section formed by the forming method of the reducing transition section, the outer surface is flat and has no conical surface, namely the outer diameters of the first transition section and the second transition section are equal, but the formed inner diameters are different. Optionally, the inner diameter of the first transition section 11 is smaller than the inner diameter of the second transition section 12.
Wherein, the inner diameters of the first transition section and the second transition section in the formed transition sections are in a step fall, the length of the first transition section is less than that of the second transition section,
thus, the inner diameter of the first transition section is smaller than that of the second transition section, so that the technological dimension requirement of the forging is met.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an auxiliary device structure according to an embodiment of the present invention, and fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a matching structure of a reducing transition section and an auxiliary device according to an embodiment of the present invention. The invention provides a transition section forming auxiliary tool which is applied to the reducing transition section forming method, wherein the auxiliary tool 2 comprises a first sleeve body 21 and a second sleeve body 22, and the outer diameter of the first sleeve body 21 is smaller than that of the second sleeve body 22.
The first sleeve body 21 and the second sleeve body 22 are cylindrical, the outer diameter of the first sleeve body 21 is smaller than that of the second sleeve body 22, and the inner diameter of the first sleeve body 21 is the same as that of the second sleeve body 22.
Therefore, for the used auxiliary tool, the wall thickness of the inner diameter of the forged piece is supplemented by utilizing the difference of the outer diameters of the first sleeve body and the second sleeve body, so that synchronous uniform deformation is realized, and the sizes of all parts are easier to control accurately. In addition, the auxiliary tool is applied to the method for forming the reducing transition section, so that compared with the scheme that two forged pieces are manufactured separately and then combined to form the transition section, the transition section with different inner diameters is formed by upsetting, drawing out a core rod, pre-reaming, flattening and reaming a finished product by using the auxiliary tool, namely the reducing transition section is formed integrally instead of manufacturing the two forged pieces separately. The forging process is simplified by the integrated forming mode, the production time is saved, and the production efficiency is greatly improved.
The invention further provides a hydrogenation reactor, which comprises a shell ring and an end enclosure, wherein the shell ring and the end enclosure are connected to form a transition section, and the transition section is formed by using the reducing transition section forming method.
Thus, for the scheme that two forgings are manufactured separately and then combined, the transition section with different inner diameters is formed by upsetting, drawing out the core rod, pre-reaming, flattening and reaming a finished product by using an auxiliary tool, namely, the reducing transition section is formed integrally instead of manufacturing the two forgings separately. The forging process is simplified by the integrated forming mode, the production time is saved, and the production efficiency is greatly improved. The integrally formed reducing transition section is applied to the hydrogenation reactor, so that the stability of the hydrogenation reactor is higher.
The transition section and the adjacent shell ring are combined into a reducing cylindrical accompanying forging, so that the original 2 forgings are optimized into 1 forging, the total forging time is reduced by 50%, the molten steel amount is effectively saved by about 15%, a surfacing circumferential weld is reduced, and the material utilization rate is improved to about 40% from 32.8%. The production and manufacturing cost is reduced, the energy consumption is reduced, and the green manufacturing is realized.
Although the present disclosure has been described above, the scope of the present disclosure is not limited thereto. Various changes and modifications may be effected therein by one of ordinary skill in the pertinent art without departing from the spirit and scope of the present disclosure, and these changes and modifications are intended to be within the scope of the present disclosure.
Claims (10)
1. A method for forming a reducing transition section is characterized by comprising the following steps:
pretreating a steel ingot to obtain a blank;
sequentially carrying out upsetting punching, core rod drawing and pre-reaming treatment on the blank;
carrying out flattening and preforming on the blank subjected to pre-reaming;
and (5) using an auxiliary tool to match with forging to obtain transition sections with different inner diameters.
2. The method for forming the reducing transition section according to claim 1, wherein the pre-treating the steel ingot to obtain a blank comprises:
and cutting off a riser and a nozzle ingot body of the steel ingot in a gas cutting mode, wherein the residual steel ingot is the blank.
3. The method for forming the reducing transition section according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the steps of sequentially performing upsetting and punching, mandrel drawing and pre-reaming on the blank comprise:
pressing the blank downwards for upsetting and punching;
penetrating a core rod into a blank hole formed by punching, and drawing the length of the blank to a preset length;
and penetrating a bumper into the blank hole, and pre-reaming the blank with a preset length, wherein the aperture subjected to pre-reaming is larger than the aperture subjected to punching.
4. The method as claimed in claim 3, wherein during the pre-reaming of the blank, the pre-reamed blank is flattened on one side to form a blank with a different wall thickness.
5. The method for forming a reducing transition section according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the transition sections with different inner diameters are obtained by using auxiliary tools to perform matched forging, and finished products are reamed by using auxiliary tools with different outer diameters to obtain the transition sections with different inner diameters.
6. A method of forming a reducer transition piece according to claim 5, wherein the auxiliary tool has an outer diameter complementary to the inner diameter of the transition piece.
7. A reducing transition section, characterized by comprising a first transition section (11) and a second transition section (12), wherein the inner diameters of the first transition section (11) and the second transition section (12) are different, and the first transition section (11) and the second transition section (12) are in an integral structure, wherein the first transition section (11) and the second transition section (12) are formed by using the reducing transition section forming method according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
8. The reducing transition according to claim 7, characterized in that the inner diameter of the first transition (11) is smaller than the inner diameter of the second transition (12).
9. A forming aid for a transition section, which is applied to the forming method of a different-diameter transition section according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the aid (2) comprises a first sleeve body (21) and a second sleeve body (22), and the outer diameter of the first sleeve body (21) is smaller than that of the second sleeve body (22).
10. A hydrogenation reactor, characterized by comprising a shell section and a head, wherein the shell section and the head are connected to form a transition section, and the transition section is formed by using the reducing transition section forming method of any one of claims 1 to 6.
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| CN202011447418.9A CN112692223A (en) | 2020-12-09 | 2020-12-09 | Reducing transition section, forming method, auxiliary tool and hydrogenation reactor |
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