CN112690489A - Method for prolonging alcoholization period of tobacco leaves - Google Patents
Method for prolonging alcoholization period of tobacco leaves Download PDFInfo
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- CN112690489A CN112690489A CN202110091649.9A CN202110091649A CN112690489A CN 112690489 A CN112690489 A CN 112690489A CN 202110091649 A CN202110091649 A CN 202110091649A CN 112690489 A CN112690489 A CN 112690489A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
- A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
- A24B15/20—Biochemical treatment
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
- A24B9/00—Control of the moisture content of tobacco products, e.g. cigars, cigarettes, pipe tobacco
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Abstract
A method for prolonging the alcoholization period of tobacco leaves is characterized in that the alcoholization time of the tobacco leaves is prolonged by irradiating the tobacco leaves with gamma rays or high-energy electron beams. The method comprises the following specific steps: (1) redrying and irradiating: after threshing the tobacco leaves, conveying the tobacco leaves to a redrying machine for redrying; conveying the redried tobacco flakes to irradiation equipment for irradiation treatment, and conveying the irradiated tobacco flakes to a prepressing packaging machine for prepressing and packaging; (2) alcoholization irradiation: and conveying the packaged smoke boxes to an alcoholization warehouse for alcoholization, periodically evaluating the quality change of the tobacco leaves, transferring the smoke boxes to a tobacco lamina alcoholization irradiation warehouse for secondary irradiation treatment after the lamina alcoholization reaches the optimal alcoholization period, and transferring the irradiated smoke boxes to the alcoholization warehouse for continuous alcoholization. The invention reduces the activity of microorganism and enzyme which are beneficial to tobacco mellowing through low-dose irradiation, weakens the action of the microorganism, the enzyme and the like in the tobacco mellowing, further prolongs the tobacco mellowing period, and has obvious effect. And the operation is simple and the cost is low.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cigarette processing, in particular to a method for prolonging the alcoholization period of tobacco leaves.
Background
The tobacco alcoholization belongs to the key process of cigarette processing, and the main process is to store the baked tobacco leaves in a proper temperature and humidity environment for a certain time and then process and utilize the tobacco leaves. Through the tobacco mellowing treatment, the miscellaneous gas of the baked tobacco can be reduced, the smoke irritation can be reduced, the smoke mellowness can be improved, the sensory quality of the tobacco can be improved, and the use value of the tobacco can be improved.
The quality of the tobacco leaves changes obviously along with the prolonging of the alcoholization time, and generally shows a trend of being improved firstly and then getting worse, so that the optimal alcoholization period exists in the tobacco leaf alcoholization process, namely the peak time of the quality of the tobacco leaves in the alcoholization process. Compared with tobacco leaves in different producing areas, the optimal alcoholization period of the tobacco leaves in Yunnan has obvious difference, and test results show that the optimal alcoholization period of the tobacco leaves in Henan is 10 months, the optimal alcoholization period of the tobacco leaves in Henan is 18 months, and the optimal alcoholization period of the tobacco leaves in Zimbabwe is 19 months in an alcoholization warehouse in North China. The difference of suitable alcoholization periods of tobacco leaves in different producing areas brings difficulty to the use of cigarette formulas, the purchase of tobacco leaf raw materials is formulated according to the requirements of the cigarette formulas, the tobacco leaf raw materials in different producing areas are put in storage and alcoholized in the same time period, if the tobacco leaves in each producing area are selected to form the cigarette formula in the same time period, the quality loss of the tobacco leaves in partial producing areas is inevitable, and therefore, the regulation and control of the alcoholization periods of the tobacco leaves in each producing area are key technical measures.
The existing method for prolonging the alcoholization period of the tobacco leaves comprises the following steps: the alcoholization time is prolonged by regulating the gas composition in the tobacco alcoholization environment, for example: opening the tobacco box, unfastening the lining bag, vacuumizing, and filling carbon dioxide (Chinese patent CN 105167171A); or transferring the smoke box to a special warehouse for stacking, then placing a gas regulator, sealing by using a plastic film and vacuumizing to regulate the oxygen or nitrogen content in the surrounding environment (tobacco industry standard YC/T322-2009; Chinese patent CN 103054175A; Chinese patent CN 103287739A); another approach is to reduce the temperature and humidity of the tobacco mellowing environment, for example: reducing the alcoholization environment temperature to 10-20 deg.C and the humidity to 45% -55%.
The prior art has the following defects: first, the operation process is complicated and the efficiency is low. The method for adjusting the composition of alcoholization environment gas needs to perform unpacking treatment on the tobacco lamina boxes or place a gas regulator and then perform film coating and sealing treatment after the tobacco lamina boxes are stacked, the whole process needs a large amount of manual operation, and the condition of gas leakage is easy to occur, so that the alcoholization regulation and control effect is influenced. Secondly, the energy consumption is high and the cost is high. The gas conditioning method requires purchasing higher purity gas, or consumes a large amount of sealing film and gas conditioning agent; on the other hand, if a method for reducing the temperature and the humidity of the environment is adopted, a large number of air conditioning devices are required to be installed in the alcoholization warehouse, and the energy consumption is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide the method for prolonging the alcoholization period of the tobacco leaves, which can obviously prolong the alcoholization period of the tobacco leaves and has the advantages of simple operation and lower cost.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following scheme:
a method for prolonging the alcoholization period of tobacco leaves is to realize the prolongation of the alcoholization time of the tobacco leaves by a mode of irradiating the tobacco leaves by gamma rays or high-energy electron beams, and comprises the following specific steps:
(1) redrying and irradiating: after threshing the tobacco leaves, conveying the tobacco leaves to a redrying machine for redrying, wherein the moisture content of the tobacco leaves at the outlet of the redrying machine is set to be 11.5-13.5%; conveying the redried tobacco flakes to irradiation equipment for irradiation treatment, wherein the irradiation dose is set to be 1.5-4 kGy; conveying the irradiated tobacco flakes to a prepressing packaging machine for prepressing and packaging;
(2) alcoholization irradiation: and conveying the packaged smoke boxes to an alcoholization library for alcoholization, periodically evaluating the quality change of the tobacco leaves, transferring the smoke boxes to a tobacco lamina alcoholization irradiation library for second irradiation treatment after the lamina alcoholization reaches the optimal alcoholization period, and transferring the irradiated smoke boxes to the alcoholization library for continuous alcoholization.
The irradiation equipment adopted by the redrying irradiation is arranged right above a tobacco flake conveying belt connected with the tobacco flake redrying machine and the pre-pressing packing machine.
The optimal tobacco mellowing period is an inflection point period in which the quality of the tobacco evaluated regularly changes from improvement to deterioration.
The tobacco flake alcoholization irradiation warehouse consists of a tobacco flake temporary storage chamber and an irradiation chamber. The temporary storage rack for placing the cigarette boxes is arranged in the temporary storage chamber for the tobacco flakes. The tobacco flake irradiation chamber consists of a tobacco box conveyor belt, irradiation equipment, an irradiation cavity, an exhaust fan and the like.
The second irradiation treatment of the smoke boxes in the irradiation warehouse is to place the smoke boxes placed in the temporary warehouse on a smoke box conveying belt one by one, convey the smoke boxes to the irradiation cavity through the conveying belt, irradiate the smoke boxes by the irradiation equipment when the smoke boxes pass through the irradiation equipment positioned in the irradiation cavity, and convey the irradiated smoke boxes to the smoke box temporary warehouse by the conveying belt for storage.
The plane plan view of the irradiation cavity is U-shaped, and the smoke box conveyor belt is arranged along the U-shaped channel (see figure 1).
The irradiation cavity is internally provided with three irradiation devices which are arranged on the left side, the right side and the bottom end of the irradiation cavity in a row mode, wherein the irradiation devices on the left side and the right side are arranged on the side wall of the irradiation cavity, and the irradiation devices on the bottom end are arranged on the top of the irradiation cavity and are positioned right above the smoke box conveyor belt. The three irradiation devices can be started simultaneously or used singly or in combination of two or more in the irradiation process of the smoke box according to the size of the irradiation smoke box.
The irradiation source of the irradiation equipment can adopt high-energy electron beams generated by an electron accelerator and also can adopt gamma rays generated by cobalt 60 or cesium 137.
The irradiation dose of the alcoholization irradiation is 1.0-2.0kGy, and the specific dose is set according to the producing area, the position and the quality of the irradiated tobacco leaves, the alcoholization time needing to be prolonged and the like.
The principle of the invention is that the activities of microorganisms and enzymes which are beneficial to tobacco alcoholization are reduced through low-dose gamma-ray or high-energy electron beam irradiation, and the effects of the microorganisms and the enzymes in tobacco alcoholization are weakened, so that the alcoholization time of the tobacco is prolonged.
Compared with the existing method for prolonging the alcoholization period of the tobacco leaves by adjusting the atmosphere, reducing the environmental temperature and humidity and the like, the method can obviously prolong the alcoholization period of the tobacco leaves by double irradiation treatments of redrying irradiation and alcoholization irradiation without unpacking the tobacco leaves and a large amount of manual operation, and has the advantages of simple process, low energy consumption and low material consumption.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a top view of a tobacco mellowing irradiation library of the present invention.
In the figure, 1, a tobacco flake temporary storage chamber, 2, a temporary storage rack, 3, a tobacco box, 4, an exhaust fan, 5, irradiation equipment, 6, a conveyor belt and 7, an irradiation cavity are arranged.
Detailed Description
The method for prolonging the alcoholization period of the tobacco leaves is further explained by combining the attached drawings, and comprises the following steps:
(1) redrying and irradiating: after threshing the tobacco leaves, conveying the tobacco leaves to a redrying machine for redrying, wherein the moisture content of the tobacco leaves at the outlet of the redrying machine is set to be 11.5-13.5%; conveying the redried tobacco flakes to irradiation equipment for irradiation treatment, wherein the irradiation dose is set to be 1.5-4.0 kGy; and conveying the irradiated tobacco flakes to a prepressing packaging machine for prepressing and packaging.
(2) Alcoholization irradiation: conveying the packaged smoke boxes to an alcoholization warehouse for alcoholization, periodically evaluating the quality change of tobacco leaves, transferring the smoke boxes from the alcoholization warehouse to a smoke piece alcoholization irradiation warehouse after the alcoholization of the tobacco pieces reaches the optimal alcoholization period, placing the smoke boxes on a smoke box conveying belt one by one, conveying the smoke boxes to an irradiation cavity through the conveying belt, irradiating the smoke boxes by the irradiation equipment when the smoke boxes pass through the irradiation equipment positioned in the irradiation cavity, wherein the irradiation dose of the irradiation equipment is 1.0-2.0kGy, and finally transferring the irradiated smoke boxes to the alcoholization warehouse for continuous alcoholization.
The tobacco flake alcoholization irradiation warehouse consists of a tobacco flake temporary storage chamber 1 and an irradiation chamber. The temporary storage rack for placing the cigarette boxes is arranged in the temporary storage chamber for the tobacco flakes. The tobacco flake irradiation chamber is U-shaped and comprises a tobacco box conveyor belt 6, irradiation equipment 5, an irradiation cavity 7, an exhaust fan 4 and the like, wherein the tobacco box conveyor belt 6 penetrates through a U-shaped channel of the irradiation chamber.
The irradiation cavity is internally provided with three irradiation devices 5 which are arranged on the left side, the right side and the bottom end of the irradiation cavity 7 in a row, wherein the irradiation devices on the left side and the right side are arranged on the side wall of the irradiation cavity, and the irradiation device on the bottom end is arranged on the top of the irradiation cavity and is positioned right above the smoke box conveyor belt. The three irradiation devices can be started simultaneously or used singly or in combination of two or more in the irradiation process of the smoke box according to the size of the irradiation smoke box.
Example 1
The Yunnan Kunming tobacco leaf purchased by a certain domestic cigarette industry enterprise in 2016 years is grade C3F, the early-stage measurement result shows that the optimal period of natural alcoholization in Shijiazhuang is 11 months, and in order to prolong the alcoholization period, the tobacco leaf in the producing area is treated by adopting the method, and the specific process is as follows:
(1) redrying and irradiating: threshing purchased Yunnan Kunming C3F tobacco leaves, and then conveying the tobacco leaves to a redrying machine for redrying, wherein the moisture content of the tobacco leaves at the outlet of redrying is set to be 12.5%; conveying the redried tobacco flakes to gamma-ray irradiation equipment for irradiation treatment, wherein the irradiation dose is set to 1.5 kGy; and conveying the irradiated tobacco flakes to a prepressing packaging machine for prepressing and packaging.
(2) Alcoholization irradiation: and conveying the packaged tobacco boxes to an alcoholization library for alcoholization, sampling every month to evaluate the quality change of the tobacco leaves, wherein the evaluation result shows that the quality of the tobacco leaves in the production area reaches the peak value in 14 months, transferring the tobacco boxes from the alcoholization library to an alcoholization irradiation library for further prolonging the alcoholization period of the tobacco leaves, performing secondary irradiation treatment by adopting gamma-ray irradiation equipment, starting three gamma-ray irradiation equipment, setting the irradiation dose to be 2.0kGy, and transferring the tobacco boxes to the alcoholization library for continuous alcoholization after the irradiation treatment is finished.
The monthly sampling evaluation result shows that the alcoholization period of the Yunnan Kunming tobacco leaves after alcoholization irradiation is further prolonged, the quality begins to be poor after 19 months of alcoholization, the fragrance amount is reduced, the irritation is increased, and the offensive odor tends to be obvious, so that the suitable alcoholization period of the Kunming tobacco leaves is prolonged from 11 months to 19 months after redrying irradiation and alcoholization irradiation treatment.
Example 2
The method is characterized in that Fujian Yongding tobacco leaves purchased by a certain cigarette industry enterprise in 2017 in China are rated B2F, and early-stage measurement results show that the optimal period of natural alcoholization in Zhengzhou is 13 months, the tobacco leaves in the production place are treated by the method disclosed by the invention so as to prolong the alcoholization period, and the specific process is as follows:
(1) redrying and irradiating: after the purchased Fujian Yongding tobacco leaves are threshed, the leaves are conveyed to a redrying machine for redrying, and the moisture content of the tobacco leaves at the outlet of the redrying machine is set to be 13.0 percent; conveying the redried tobacco flakes to high-energy electron beam irradiation equipment for irradiation treatment, wherein the irradiation dose is set to be 2.0 kGy; and conveying the irradiated tobacco flakes to a prepressing packaging machine for prepressing and packaging.
(2) Alcoholization irradiation: and (3) conveying the packaged tobacco boxes to an alcoholization warehouse for alcoholization, sampling every month to evaluate the quality change of the tobacco leaves, transferring the tobacco boxes from the alcoholization warehouse to a tobacco lamina alcoholization irradiation warehouse when the quality of the tobacco leaves in the production area reaches a peak value in 16 months, performing secondary irradiation treatment by adopting a high-energy electron beam irradiation device, setting the irradiation dose to be 1.5kGy, and finally transferring the tobacco boxes after the irradiation treatment to the alcoholization warehouse for continuous alcoholization.
The regular sampling evaluation result shows that the Fujian Yongding tobacco leaves after redrying irradiation and alcoholization irradiation begin to become poor in quality after 21 months, the aroma quality becomes poor, the aroma amount is reduced, the fineness of smoke is reduced, and the dry feeling tends to be obvious, so that the suitable alcoholization period of the Yongding tobacco leaves is prolonged from 13 months to 21 months after redrying irradiation and alcoholization irradiation treatment.
Example 3
The Yunnan Dali tobacco leaf purchased by a certain domestic cigarette industry enterprise in 2017 years is rated X2F, and the early-stage measurement result shows that the optimal time for naturally alcoholizing Changsha is 7 months, the tobacco leaf in the producing area is treated by the method of the invention to prolong the alcoholizing time, and the specific process is as follows:
(1) redrying and irradiating: threshing Yunnan Dali tobacco leaves, and re-drying in a re-drying machine with water content of 11.5%; conveying the redried tobacco flakes to gamma-ray irradiation equipment for irradiation treatment, wherein the irradiation dose is set to 1.0 kGy; and conveying the irradiated tobacco flakes to a prepressing packaging machine for prepressing and packaging.
(2) Alcoholization irradiation: and (3) conveying the packaged tobacco boxes to an alcoholization warehouse for alcoholization, sampling every month to evaluate the quality change of the tobacco leaves, transferring the tobacco boxes from the alcoholization warehouse to a tobacco lamina alcoholization irradiation warehouse when the quality of the tobacco leaves in the production area reaches a peak value in 11 months, performing secondary irradiation treatment by adopting a gamma ray irradiation device positioned at the bottom end of an irradiation cavity, wherein the irradiation dose is 1.0kGy, and finally transferring the tobacco boxes after irradiation treatment to the alcoholization warehouse for continuous alcoholization.
The regular sampling evaluation result shows that the quality of the Yunnan Dali tobacco leaves after being subjected to redrying irradiation and alcoholization irradiation begins to be obviously deteriorated after being alcoholized for 13 months, the miscellaneous gas is obviously increased, the residues are left in the oral cavity, the irritation and the dry sensation tend to be obvious, and therefore, after being subjected to redrying irradiation and alcoholization irradiation, the suitable alcoholization period of the Dali X2F tobacco leaves is prolonged from 7 months to 13 months.
Claims (10)
1. A method for prolonging the alcoholization period of tobacco leaves is characterized in that the alcoholization time of the tobacco leaves is prolonged by irradiating the tobacco leaves with gamma rays or high-energy electron beams.
2. The method for prolonging the alcoholization period of tobacco leaves according to claim 1, characterized by comprising the following concrete steps:
(1) redrying and irradiating: after threshing the tobacco leaves, conveying the tobacco leaves to a redrying machine for redrying, wherein the moisture content of the tobacco leaves at the outlet of the redrying machine is set to be 11.5-13.5%; conveying the redried tobacco flakes to irradiation equipment for irradiation treatment, wherein the irradiation dose is set to be 1.5-4 kGy; conveying the irradiated tobacco flakes to a prepressing packaging machine for prepressing and packaging;
(2) alcoholization irradiation: and conveying the packaged smoke boxes to an alcoholization library for alcoholization, periodically evaluating the quality change of the tobacco leaves, transferring the smoke boxes to a tobacco lamina alcoholization irradiation library for second irradiation treatment after the lamina alcoholization reaches the optimal alcoholization period, and transferring the irradiated smoke boxes to the alcoholization library for continuous alcoholization.
3. The method for prolonging the alcoholization period of tobacco leaves according to claim 2, wherein the irradiation equipment used in the redrying irradiation is installed right above the tobacco leaf conveying belt connected with the pre-pressing packer and the tobacco leaf redrying machine.
4. The method for prolonging the alcoholization period of tobacco leaves according to claim 2, wherein the irradiation chamber for alcoholizing the tobacco leaves in the irradiation process comprises a temporary storage chamber for tobacco leaves and a radiation chamber for tobacco leaves, a temporary storage rack for placing a tobacco box is arranged in the temporary storage chamber for tobacco leaves, and the radiation chamber for tobacco leaves comprises an irradiation cavity, an irradiation device arranged in the irradiation cavity, a tobacco box conveyor belt arranged along the irradiation cavity and an exhaust fan.
5. The method for prolonging the alcoholization period of tobacco leaves according to claim 2 or 4, wherein the second irradiation treatment of the tobacco boxes in the irradiation warehouse is to place the tobacco boxes in the temporary warehouse on the tobacco box conveyor belt one by one, convey the tobacco boxes to the irradiation cavity through the conveyor belt, irradiate the tobacco boxes by the irradiation equipment when the tobacco boxes pass through the irradiation equipment positioned in the irradiation cavity, and convey the irradiated tobacco boxes to the tobacco box temporary warehouse by the conveyor belt for storage.
6. The method of claim 4, wherein the irradiation chamber is U-shaped in plan view and the smoke box conveyor is arranged along a U-shaped path.
7. The method for prolonging the alcoholization period of tobacco leaves according to claim 4 or 6, wherein there are three irradiation devices in the irradiation cavity, and the irradiation devices are arranged at the left side, the right side and the bottom end of the irradiation cavity in a row, wherein the irradiation devices at the left side and the right side are arranged at the side wall of the irradiation cavity, and the irradiation device at the bottom end is arranged at the top of the irradiation cavity and is positioned right above the tobacco box conveyor belt.
8. The method for prolonging the alcoholization period of tobacco according to claim 7, wherein three irradiation equipments are used during the irradiation process of the smoke box, according to the size of the irradiation smoke box, or simultaneously activated, or singly or in combination.
9. The method for prolonging the alcoholization period of tobacco leaves according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the irradiation source of said irradiation equipment is high energy electron beam generated by electron accelerator or gamma ray generated by cobalt 60 or cesium 137.
10. The method for prolonging the alcoholization period of tobacco leaves according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the irradiation dose of alcoholization irradiation is 1.0-2.0kGy, and the specific dose is set according to the producing area, position and quality of irradiated tobacco leaves and the alcoholization time required to be prolonged.
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