CN109965238A - A kind of mould proof softening method of betel nut irradiation - Google Patents
A kind of mould proof softening method of betel nut irradiation Download PDFInfo
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- CN109965238A CN109965238A CN201910221838.6A CN201910221838A CN109965238A CN 109965238 A CN109965238 A CN 109965238A CN 201910221838 A CN201910221838 A CN 201910221838A CN 109965238 A CN109965238 A CN 109965238A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L19/00—Products from fruits or vegetables; Preparation or treatment thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/30—Physical treatment, e.g. electrical or magnetic means, wave energy or irradiation
- A23L5/36—Physical treatment, e.g. electrical or magnetic means, wave energy or irradiation using irradiation with frequencies of more than 10 MHz
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of betel nuts to irradiate mould proof softening method, comprising the following steps: betel nut is placed in packaging bag, carries out radiation treatment by gamma-rays；Irradiation dose is 3~19kGy, and dosage rate is 2~13Gy/min.Irradiation is applied to the mould proof softening of betel nut by the present invention, it can prevent dry betel nut fruit product from occurring to go mouldy in room temperature storage and then extend storage phase, and realize softening areca nut, improve the quality of betel nut, reduce harm of the betel quid chewing to oral cavity, deep processed product sensory evaluation is preferable, is loved by consumers.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of betel nuts to irradiate mould proof softening method, belongs to food processing technology field.
Background technique
80% or more the raw material of past edible areca-nut process deeply industry is black fruit, and existing betel nut deep processing industries change by green
After making, the raw material of deep processing is all betel nut gingko；The black fruit of betel nut can with normal temperature storage, even and if betel nut gingko according to NY/
The relevant criterions such as T487 and DB43/132 control water content 12~15% there is also mildew problem, and in actual production, betel nut is white
The water content of fruit is higher by this level, starts to go mouldy within normal temperature storage 7 days or so, mouldy time is shorter in hot and humid environment.
To reduce mildew, betel nut usually needs cryogenic freezing to store, this brings huge production cost problem to enterprise, therefore betel nut is normal
The solution of the mould proof preservation problem of temperature is extremely urgent；In addition, betel nut fiber is harder, mouthfeel, the harder Bin of long-term chewing fiber are influenced
It is bulky, there is great harm to oral cavity.Increase betel nut fiber softening technique in betel nut processing technology to promotion betel nut quality lifting
It acts on.Occur report of the part about softening areca nut method in recent years, main method has physics tenderizer, chemical tendering
Method, biometrics technology method and compound tenderizer, but at present related irradiation technique be applied to betel nut it is mould proof with fiber softening in terms of report
Road is less.
Summary of the invention
In consideration of it, the present invention, which provides a kind of mould proof softening method of betel nut irradiation, solves problem above.
The technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:
A kind of mould proof softening method of betel nut irradiation, comprising the following steps:
Radiation treatment is carried out to betel nut by radioactive source；Irradiation dose is 3~19kGy, and dosage rate is 2~13Gy/min.
Preferably, the radioactive source is gamma-rays.
The present invention specifically provides the mould proof technique of irradiation: irradiation dose is 3~12kGy, when dosage rate is 2~12Gy/min
Realize the mould proof of betel nut gingko, storage does not occur Signs of Mould in 1 month；It is aqueous according to packaging material, storage temperature and gingko
Rate selects suitable irradiation dose and dosage rate；The packaging material is common woven bag, vacuum aluminium foil bag, Pe/opp complex pocket
Or kraft paper bag.
Preferably, under same packaging material, 3~5kGy of irradiation dose, 2~7Gy/min of dosage rate, betel nut gingko moisture content
Less than 12%, anti-mold effect is best when storage temperature is less than 20 DEG C of <, and storage does not occur Signs of Mould in 6 months；Same storage temperature
Under degree, using ox-hide paper wrapper, betel nut gingko water content is less than 12%, 4~6kGy of irradiation dose, and 2~7Gy/min of dosage rate is anti-
Mould effect is best, and storage does not occur Signs of Mould in 6 months；With under dose, brown paper, water content is less than 12%, storage temperature
Best less than 20 DEG C of anti-mold effects of <, storage does not occur Signs of Mould in 6 months.
It is furthermore preferred that storage temperature, less than 20 DEG C, using ox-hide paper wrapper, betel nut gingko water content is less than 12%, irradiation
4~6kGy of dosage, dosage rate 2~7Gy/min anti-mold effect is fabulous, and storage does not occur Signs of Mould in 1 year.
The present invention also specifically provides the mould proof softening process of irradiation: irradiation dose is 13~19kGy, dosage rate is 3~
The mould proof of betel nut gingko and softening are realized when 12Gy/min.
Preferably, different water cut uses different irradiation techniques: when betel nut gingko moisture content is 12.0~19.0%, irradiation
14~19kGy of dosage, 3~8Gy/min of dosage rate；When betel nut gingko moisture content 19.1~25.0%, irradiation dose be 12~
17kGy, 4~12Gy/min of dosage rate.
It is furthermore preferred that also performing the following operation after radiation treatment: betel nut gingko rehydration to the weight after irradiation increases
1.0~1.5 times, then 100~125 DEG C of 100~120min of HIGH PRESSURE TREATMENT carry out microwave treatment, microwave treatment parameter are as follows: electric current
0.15A handles 60~70s or electric current 0.3A and handles 20~30s.
It is furthermore preferred that betel nut gingko is placed in packaging bag (common woven bag), sodium carbonate is housed, sodium carbonate is not in packaging bag
It is directly contacted with betel nut；The dosage of sodium carbonate is 50~100mg/100 betel nut.
Different disposal process softening areca nut and mould proof using different irradiation techniques:
The irradiation dose of narcotic incense burned to paralyze victims seed is 13.5~16.5kGy, 4~12Gy/min of dosage rate；The irradiation dose for sending out seed processed is 8
~11kGy, 3~8Gy/min of dosage rate；The irradiation dose of secondary roasting seed is 14.5~17.5kGy, 3~8Gy/min of dosage rate；
The irradiation dose for steeping seed is 13~16kGy, and dosage rate is 4~12Gy/min；The irradiation dose for steaming seed is 7.5~10.5kGy, agent
Dose rate is 4~12Gy/min.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
The present invention extends storage phase and then preventing betel nut product from occurring to go mouldy when room temperature is stored irradiation technique, and
And realize softening areca nut, improve the quality of betel nut, reduces harm of the betel quid chewing to oral cavity.
By the mould proof sofening treatment of the present invention, common woven bags packaging room temperature is stored 1 month, and total plate count is less than 10CFU/
G, without obvious Signs of Mould, storage temperature is less than 20 DEG C, and using ox-hide paper wrapper, betel nut gingko water content is less than 12%, irradiation
Anti-mold effect is fabulous when 4~6kGy of dosage, 2~7Gy/min of dosage rate, and storage does not occur Signs of Mould in 1 year.It is not softened mould proof
The betel nut gingko of processing, which stores 7 days or so, has there is obvious mildew phenomena.
By Texture instrument detection and sensory evaluation it is found that treated that betel nut gingko hardness drops to 60 through the method for the present invention~
108N, flavour and mouth feel score reach 9.0 points or more, and betel nut gingko bating effect of the present invention is good, best in quality.
Also sodium carbonate is added in betel nut gingko packaging bag in the present invention.Irradiation and microwave treatment can be such that sodium carbonate further divides
Solution, generates appropriate carbon dioxide, to play the role of further extruding, improves betel nut gingko pliability.
Specific embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, invention is further described in detail.
Pe/opp complex pocket described in the embodiment of the present invention is the composite film material of polyethylene and o-phenyl phenol, can be by city
Field obtains.
Betel nut anti-mold effect under 1 Different Package material of embodiment, different water cut, different temperatures
Radiation treatment is carried out to betel nut gingko by gamma-rays；It is (common woven bags packaging, true to design different packaging materials
Empty aluminium foil, Pe/opp complex pocket, brown paper), moisture content and storage temperature verifying betel nut gingko irradiate anti-mold effect.
The results show that irradiation dose is 3~19kGy, dosage rate is Different Package material, no in 2~13Gy/min condition
Under same moisture content, different storage temperature, betel nut gingko stores all > 30d, and mould, bacterium colony≤10CFU/g do not occur mouldy existing
As.
In addition, 3~5kGy of dosage, for water content less than 12%, temperature is less than 20 DEG C of anti-mold effects of < under same packaging material
Preferably, do not occur Signs of Mould after storing 6 months；
Under same temperature, brown paper, water content is less than 12%, 4~6kGy of dosage, dosage rate 2~7Gy/min anti-mold effect
Preferably, do not occur Signs of Mould after storing 6 months；
With under dose, brown paper, for water content less than 12%, temperature is best less than 20 DEG C of anti-mold effects of <, stores 6 months
Do not occur Signs of Mould afterwards；
Storage temperature is less than 20 DEG C, using ox-hide paper wrapper, betel nut gingko water content less than 12%, irradiation dose 4~
6kGy, dosage rate 2~7Gy/min anti-mold effect is fabulous, and storage does not occur Signs of Mould in 1 year.
Test result is shown, when irradiation dose is 3~12kGy, and dosage rate is 2~12Gy/min condition, it can be achieved that good
Good betel nut gingko anti-mold effect, but it is not able to achieve emollescence, the present invention, which separately furthers investigate, determines softening areca nut technique.
The mould proof bating effect of betel nut under 2 normal moisture content of embodiment (15~25%) difference irradiation dose, different processes
It in the art, is 15~25% as the normal moisture content requirement of the betel nut gingko of betel nut deep processing raw material, this reality
Applying each process sample in example is that routinely process is process for the betel nut gingko of normal moisture content (15~25%).Betel nut gingko
The narcotic incense burned to paralyze victims seed moisture content about 20~25% being processed into sends out the moisture content about 40~45% of seed processed, and the moisture content of secondary roasting seed is about
13%~18%, the moisture content about 25~30% of seed is steeped, the moisture content about 35%~45% of seed is steamed.
1) empirical factor and group
Irradiation dose: D0 (control group), D1 (7.5kGy), D2 (12kGy), D3 (16kGy), D4 (19kGy), D5
(22kGy), dosage rate are 3~13Gy/min.
Process: G1 (gingko), G2 (narcotic incense burned to paralyze victims seed), G3 (hair seed), G4 (secondary roasting seed), G5 (bubble seed), G6 (steaming seed).
Packaging: common woven bags packaging.
Betel nut irradiates mould proof softening method: betel nut being placed in packaging bag, carries out γ radiation treatment by radioactive source；With spoke
It is empirical factor contrived experiment group according to dosage and process, is shown in Table 2.It will be found after each group sample room temperature storage, control sample storage
There is Signs of Mould in 7 days or so, hiding, other each experimental groups do not occur Signs of Mould after storing 6 months.It is surveyed using Texture instrument
Determine hardness, the hardness of control sample is between 142~165N as the result is shown, other each group hardness are between 87~108N.It presses
After finished product is made in conventional method, every group is selected 10 betel nut fans to carry out sense organ (flavour and mouthfeel) scoring, the results show that control
Less than 7.5, other each groups are all larger than 8.5 for group scoring.
Table 2
On this basis, further condition optimizing, acquisition hardness are 75~85N, the preferably following technology ginseng of bating effect
Number: in the case of normal moisture content, the irradiation dose of betel nut gingko is 12~19kGy, and dosage rate is 3~13Gy/min；Narcotic incense burned to paralyze victims seed
Irradiation dose be 13.5~16.5kGy, 4~12Gy/min of dosage rate；The irradiation dose for sending out seed processed is 8~11kGy, dosage rate
For 3~8Gy/min；The irradiation dose of secondary roasting seed is 14.5~17.5kGy, and dosage rate is 3~8Gy/min；Steep the irradiation of seed
Dosage is 13~16kGy, and dosage rate is 4~12Gy/min；Steam seed irradiation dose be 7.5~10.5kGy, dosage rate be 4~
12Gy/min。
The mould proof bating effect of irradiation of 3 different water cut betel nut gingko of embodiment
The present embodiment carries out irradiation sofening treatment to betel nut gingko by gamma-rays；It is white to design different water cut verifying betel nut
Fruit irradiates bating effect.
The results show that irradiation dose is 12~19kGy, and when dosage rate is 3~13Gy/min, the Bin of 12~25% moisture content
The bulky mould proof bating effect of gingko is good, and room temperature Signs of Mould does not occur after storing 6 months yet；
Wherein, betel nut gingko moisture content is 12.0~19.0%, 14~19kGy of irradiation dose, 3~8Gy/min of dosage rate
When or betel nut gingko moisture content 19.1~25.0%, irradiation dose is 12~17kGy, when 4~12Gy/min of dosage rate,
Good mould proof bating effect can be achieved, sensory evaluation scores reach 9.0 points or more after finished product is made, and normal temperature storage does not go out yet after 1 year
Existing Signs of Mould, total plate count are less than 10CFU/g.
Embodiment 4
A kind of mould proof softening method of betel nut irradiation: betel nut gingko (moisture content 19.1~25.0%) is placed in common woven bag
In, it is handled by gamma-ray irradiation, irradiation dose 13kGy, dosage rate 8Gy/min；Betel nut gingko rehydration after irradiation is to again
Amount increases by 1.0~1.5 times, then 100~125 DEG C of 100~120min of HIGH PRESSURE TREATMENT carry out microwave treatment, microwave treatment parameter
Are as follows: electric current 0.15A handles 60~70s or electric current 0.3A and handles 20~30s.
The results show that handling through the present embodiment method, betel nut gingko hardness is 70~75N, and finished product deutostoma is made in deep processing
It is fabulous to feel pliability, selected 10 chewing betel nut persons of liking score to the mouthfeel and flavour of product, and result is 9.0~9.4
/.
Embodiment 5
A kind of mould proof softening method of betel nut irradiation: betel nut gingko (moisture content is 15.0~19.0%) is placed in woven bag
In, a pouch sodium carbonate (pouch open-ended) is housed in bag, sodium carbonate does not contact directly with betel nut surface, and the dosage of sodium carbonate is
50~100mg/100 betel nut, is handled by gamma-ray irradiation, irradiation dose 16kGy, dosage rate 5Gy/min；Bin after irradiation
Bulky gingko rehydration to weight increases by 1.0~1.5 times, then 125 DEG C of HIGH PRESSURE TREATMENT 120min carry out microwave treatment, microwave treatment
Parameter are as follows: electric current 0.3A handles 30s.
The results show that handling through the present embodiment method, betel nut gingko hardness is 60~65N, and deep processing has after finished product is made
There is the taste that product is intrinsic, there is astringent taste, free from extraneous odour and bitter taste, soft taste degree is fabulous, selectes 10 chewing betel nut persons of liking couple
The mouthfeel and flavour of product score, result be 9.5~9.7/.
Comparative example (blank control): without the betel nut gingko of mould proof sofening treatment, between 142~165N of hardness.It is deep to add
Work carries out mouthfeel and flavour scoring to it after finished product is made, and result is less than 7.5, and sensory evaluation is poor.Normal temperature storage 7 days or so
Go mouldy.
The above content is specific embodiment is combined, further detailed description of the invention, and it cannot be said that this hair
Bright specific implementation is only limited to these instructions.For those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs, it is not taking off
Under the premise of from present inventive concept, a number of simple deductions or replacements can also be made.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of betel nut irradiates mould proof softening method, which comprises the following steps:
Radiation treatment is carried out to betel nut by radioactive source；Irradiation dose is 3~19kGy, and dosage rate is 2~13Gy/min.
2. betel nut according to claim 1 irradiates mould proof softening method, which is characterized in that the radioactive source is gamma-rays.
3. betel nut according to claim 1 or 2 irradiates mould proof softening method, which is characterized in that irradiation dose is 3~
12kGy, realizes the mould proof of betel nut gingko when dosage rate is 2~12Gy/min, storage does not occur Signs of Mould in 1 month；According to
Packaging material, storage temperature and gingko moisture content select suitable irradiation dose and dosage rate；The packaging material is common compiles
Knit bag, vacuum aluminium foil bag, Pe/opp complex pocket or kraft paper bag.
4. betel nut according to claim 3 irradiates mould proof softening method, which is characterized in that under same packaging material, irradiation
3~5kGy of dosage, 2~7Gy/min of dosage rate, less than 12%, storage temperature is less than mould proof at 20 DEG C of < betel nut gingko moisture content
Effect is best, and storage does not occur Signs of Mould in 6 months；Under same storage temperature, using ox-hide paper wrapper, betel nut gingko water content
Less than 12%, 4~6kGy of irradiation dose, dosage rate 2~7Gy/min anti-mold effect is best, and storage does not occur mouldy existing for 6 months
As；With under dose, ox-hide paper wrapper, for water content less than 12%, storage temperature is best less than 20 DEG C of anti-mold effects of <, storage 6
Do not occur Signs of Mould within a month.
5. betel nut according to claim 4 irradiates mould proof softening method, which is characterized in that storage temperature is adopted less than 20 DEG C
With ox-hide paper wrapper, betel nut gingko water content is less than 12%, 4~6kGy of irradiation dose, dosage rate 2~7Gy/min anti-mold effect
Fabulous, storage does not occur Signs of Mould in 1 year.
6. betel nut according to claim 1 or 2 irradiates mould proof softening method, which is characterized in that irradiation dose is 12~
19kGy realizes the mould proof of betel nut gingko and softening when dosage rate is 3~13Gy/min.
7. betel nut according to claim 1 or 2 irradiates mould proof softening method, which is characterized in that different disposal process betel nut
Softening and mould proof required irradiation technique are as follows:
The irradiation dose of narcotic incense burned to paralyze victims seed is 13.5~16.5kGy, 4~12Gy/min of dosage rate；The irradiation dose for sending out seed processed is 8~
11kGy, 3~8Gy/min of dosage rate；The irradiation dose of secondary roasting seed is 14.5~17.5kGy, 3~8Gy/min of dosage rate；Bubble
The irradiation dose of seed is 13~16kGy, and dosage rate is 4~12Gy/min；The irradiation dose for steaming seed is 7.5~10.5kGy, dosage
Rate is 4~12Gy/min.
8. betel nut according to claim 6 irradiates mould proof softening method, which is characterized in that betel nut gingko moisture content is 12.0
When~19.0%, 14~19kGy of irradiation dose, 3~8Gy/min of dosage rate；When betel nut gingko moisture content 19.1~25.0%, spoke
It is 12~17kGy, 4~12Gy/min of dosage rate according to dosage.
9. betel nut according to claim 7 irradiates mould proof softening method, which is characterized in that also carried out after radiation treatment
Operate below: betel nut gingko rehydration after irradiation to weight increases by 1.0~1.5 times, and 100~125 DEG C of HIGH PRESSURE TREATMENTs 100~
Then 120min carries out microwave treatment, microwave treatment parameter are as follows: and electric current 0.15A 60~70s of processing or electric current 0.3A processing 20~
30s。
10. betel nut gingko according to claim 9 irradiates the mould proof softening method of microwave, which is characterized in that filled in packaging bag
There is sodium carbonate, sodium carbonate does not contact directly with betel nut；The dosage of sodium carbonate is 50~100mg/100 betel nut.
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