CN112690176A - Method for planting feed rapes in Huang-Huai region - Google Patents
Method for planting feed rapes in Huang-Huai region Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for planting feed rape in Huang-Huai region, which selects double-low high-quality rape hybrid seeds which are suitable for planting in Huang-Huai region and have high biological yield, and requires that the water content of the seeds is not higher than 9%, the purity is not lower than 97%, and the germination rate is more than 80%; sowing in the first ten days of 9 months to the middle of 10 months; a method for fertilizing common rape in Huang-Huai region; the application amount of the N fertilizer can be reduced by 23-27%; the planting density is per 667m260000-70000 thousands of plants, adopting drill seeding, and the line spacing is 20 cm; field management: planting in the same way as conventional; harvesting the rapes after the flowering phase of the rapes in the middle and last ten days of 4 months; effectively relieving the stubble linking contradiction with early-stubble crops such as tobacco leaves, spring peanuts, high-quality spring cereals and the like, forming a year-round high-yield and high-efficiency planting mode, reducing abandoned land, improving land output and improving planting income.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for planting feed rape in Huang-Huai region.
Background
Peanut, spring millet, tobacco leaf and rice are sowed in Huang-Huai area in spring (early) has higher economic benefit and need to be sowed before the bottom of 4 months, but because crops such as wheat and rape are harvested later in winter, part of farmers select winter to abandon the cultivation, so that a large amount of winter fallow fields are caused, the land productivity is reduced, and the income of farmers is reduced.
Through research, a special feed rape variety is bred by a institute of agricultural academy of Henan province, the feed rape is planted in Huang-Huai regions, the rape flowering phase is finished, and after about 4 months and 20 months, stubble linking contradictions with early-stubble crops such as tobacco leaves, spring peanuts, high-quality spring grains and the like can be effectively relieved, a year-round high-yield and high-efficiency planting mode is formed, the barren land is reduced, the land yield is improved, and the planting income is improved.
The rape can be used as feed crops. The whole straw harvested about 1 week after the rape flowers is a high-quality feed, the protein content is equivalent to that of leguminous forage, the yield can reach 3-5 tons, is 1-2 times higher than that of leguminous forage, the protein per mu yield is obviously higher than that of the leguminous forage, and the palatability is good. One mu of feed rape can be used as feed for 3-5 sheep, and the yield value is more than 2000 yuan. Each kilogram of feed is calculated according to 0.25-0.3 yuan/kg, and each mu is income about thousand yuan.
In combination, the feed rape developed in Huang-Huai region has the following advantages:
firstly, the rape for feeding has low planting cost, high nutritive value, good palatability and obvious yield advantage;
secondly, the method can be used for intercropping and interplanting with various crops, solves the linking contradiction of crops for rotation and is beneficial to the adjustment of the planting structure;
thirdly, meet meat egg milk consumption increase the demand to domestic green fodder, have fertile field, earthing, sightseeing etc. function simultaneously, the comprehensive benefit is showing.
At present, no relevant report about a feed rape planting and cultivating method in the yellow sea area appears.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for planting feed rape in Huanghuai region, which effectively relieves the stubble linking contradiction with early-stubble crops such as tobacco leaves, spring peanuts, high-quality spring cereals and the like, forms an annual high-yield and high-efficiency planting mode, reduces abandoned land, improves land yield and improves planting income.
The object of the invention is achieved in the following way: a method for planting feed rapes in Huang-Huai region comprises the following steps of (1) variety selection: selecting double-low high-quality rape hybrid seeds which are suitable for being planted in Huang-Huai region and have high biological yield, such as Fengyou No. 10. The water content of the seeds is required to be not higher than 9%, the purity is not lower than 97%, and the germination rate is more than 80%;
(2) sowing: sowing in the first ten days of 9 months to the middle of 10 months;
(3) fertilizing: the same general rape fertilization method; in order to improve the palatability and reduce the cost, the application amount of N fertilizer can be reduced by about 25 percent, 40kg of compound fertilizer (N: P: K =15:15: 15) is applied per mu, and all the fertilizer is applied at the bottom; 7-10kg of urea is applied in the green turning period.
(4) Reasonably close planting: the planting density in Huang-Huai area is 667m2 60000-70000 strain can obtain larger biomass, the seeding method adopts drill seeding under the density, and the row spacing is reduced to 20 cm. The method is different from the conventional rape planting method in that: the planting density of the conventional rape is 667m220000-30000 plants, the row spacing is 33 cm;
(5) field management: the method is similar to conventional planting. Monopotassium phosphate with the concentration of 0.2% can be sprayed in the flowering phase to prevent premature senility; the prevention and treatment work of aphids and viral diseases is well grasped. The aphid control adopts the simple and efficient control technology of basal application of "Diaphiling". Each 667m for preventing and treating viral diseases2Can be sprayed with 300 times of solution of 0.5% mushroom proteoglycan or 1000 times of solution of 1.5% phytocide emulsifiable concentrate. The weed control is mainly chemical weeding, and intertillage weeding can also be carried out at the 4-6 leaf stage, before winter and after spring beginning;
(6) harvesting: and harvesting the rapes after the flowering phase of the rapes is finished in the middle and last ten days of 4 months, wherein the biological yield of the rapes is the maximum, and the quality of the rapes as feed is also the best. The conventional rape is planted, and the rapeseeds are generally harvested after being mature in the middle and last ten days of 5 months;
(7) the harvesting method comprises the following steps: manually harvesting, namely cutting from the height of the rape root close to the ground surface. Or mechanical combined harvesting and direct crushing can be adopted;
(8) ensiling: the water content of the rape straws is higher, is more than 80 percent, can not be directly ensiled, and can be reduced by adopting any one of the following two methods: firstly, cutting, pouring and airing for 2-3 days, and crushing and ensiling when the water content is reduced to 60-65%; secondly, combined harvest is carried out, and at least one of corn straws and wheat straws with the water content lower than 65 percent is added into the crushed rape straws, so that the water content is reduced to 60 to 65 percent; other ensiling techniques are the same as the general ensiling techniques.
The invention provides a method for planting feed rape in Huanghuai region, which effectively relieves the stubble linking contradiction with early-stubble crops such as tobacco leaves, spring peanuts, high-quality spring cereals and the like, forms an annual high-yield and high-efficiency planting mode, reduces abandoned land, improves land yield and improves planting income.
Drawings
Figure 1 is a graph of the effect of different planting densities on the yield of forage organisms.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments, it should be noted that the embodiments are only used for further illustration of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, and those skilled in the art can make modifications and adaptations of the present invention based on the above-mentioned disclosure.
At present, the Huang-Huai region is cold and dry in winter, and the lowest temperature is lower than 0 degree. The adopted variety Feng you No. 10 has good cold resistance and drought resistance, and can adapt to the climatic conditions of Huang-Huai regions.
Influence of different planting modes on biological yield and nutritional quality
Taking cabbage type rape variety Fengyou No. 10 as a material, and setting 7 different planting densities: 1 ten thousand plants/mu, 2 ten thousand plants/mu, 3 ten thousand plants/mu, 4 ten thousand plants/mu, 5 ten thousand plants/mu, 6 ten thousand plants/mu and 7 ten thousand plants/mu; and 3 different planting row spacing: 20cm, broadcast sowing, 33.3 cm. The differences of the feeding biological yield, the nutritional quality and the like of rape plants under different planting modes are analyzed, the cultivation technology of high yield, high quality and coordination of the feeding rape is determined, and a theoretical basis is provided for the cultivation technology which is suitable for the feeding rape in Huang-Huai-Hai region and is simplified.
(1) The effect of different row spacing on the biological yield at seedling stage and at the initial stage of silique is shown in table 1 below.
Note: in Table 1, different lower case letters indicate significant differences between treatments: (P <0.05）。
The rape biological yield under different row spacing is compared and analyzed at the seedling stage and the silique stage respectively. The biological yield at 33.3cm row spacing during the seedling stage was minimal, 32346.22kg/hm2The difference in biological yield from the other two rows at 20cm and broadcast reaches a significant level: (P< 0.05). The biological yield was maximal at a row spacing of 20cm, 43555.38kg/hm2. The initial stage of siliques showed the highest biological yield at a row spacing of 20cm, 71633.692kg/hm2The difference between the yield of the plants and the yield of the plants under 33.3cm row spacing is not significant, and the difference between the yield of the plants under broadcast sowing reaches a significant level (P< 0.05). It can be seen that the biological yield of the forage rapes is the highest at a row spacing of 20cm, which can be taken as the optimum planting row spacing.
(2) The effect of different row spacing on the quality behavior is shown in table 2 below.
Note: in Table 2, the difference between treatments is marked by different lower case letters (P <0.05）。
From the data in table 2, it was found that most of the quality indexes were significantly different at different row spacings of 20cm, 33.3cm and broadcast: (P< 0.05). Analysis of variance showed that: the crude ash, crude fat, crude protein content at 20cm row spacing were all significantly higher than the other two row spacings. The phosphorus content is highest under the condition of broadcast sowing, is 0.35 percent, and has no obvious difference with the row spacing of 20 cm; the calcium content was highest at 33.3cm row spacing, 1.30%, with no significant difference from 20cm row spacing. The neutral detergent fiber is not greatly influenced by the line spacing, and the difference between the line spacing is not obvious; the acid scoured fibres were highest at a 20cm row spacing of 39.08% and lowest at a 33.3cm row spacing of 37.06%. The content of nitrogen-free extract is the highest under the broadcasting condition and is 34.18 percent, the difference between the nitrogen-free extract and the extract is not significant under the line spacing of 33.3cm, and the difference between the nitrogen-free extract and the extract reaches the significant level, namely 29.78 percent under the line spacing of 20 cm. The total energy of the straws is not influenced by the row spacing, and the total energy of the straws is 15.80 kj/g under the three row spacings.
(3) The effect of different planting densities on the yield of the feeding organisms is shown in fig. 1, and notes: in FIG. 1, the difference between treatments is marked by different lower case letters (P <0.05）。
As can be seen from fig. 1, the bio-yield of the forage rape shows a gradually increasing trend as the planting density increases. When the planting density is 1 ten thousand plants/mu, the biological yield is the minimum, and is only 47789.13 kg/hm. When the planting density is increased from 2 ten thousand plants/mu to 5 ten thousand plants/mu, the biological yield difference from 1 ten thousand plants/mu is not significant. When the planting density is increased to 6 ten thousand plants/mu and 7 ten thousand plants/mu, the biological yield is the highest, namely 68600.34 kg/hm and 72433.70 kg/hm respectively, and the difference between the biological yield and the biological yield of 1 ten thousand plants/mu reaches a significant level (the difference is shown in the specification (the step of planting the seeds and the seeds in the same amount in different amountsP＜0.05）。
(4) The effect of different planting densities on the quality of the oilseed rape as a feed is shown in table 3 below.
Quality characteristics of crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, calcium, phosphorus, neutral detergent fiber, and acidic detergent fiber were measured for each of the oilseed rape plants sampled at 7 planting densities (see table 3). Analysis shows that with the increase of planting density, seven quality characters such as crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, calcium, phosphorus, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber do not show obvious variation trend.
Dampness-reducing silage
The water content of the rape straws is higher and is more than 80 percent, and the rape straws cannot be directly ensiled.
The water content of rape organism harvested in the final flowering phase of different planting methods is 82-85%, the rape organism is naturally aired in the field after being harvested, the water content can be reduced by about 5% in one day, and the rape organism can be crushed and ensiled after being aired for 3 days.
Conclusion
The biological yield of the forage rape shows a gradually rising trend along with the increase of planting density. When the planting density is increased to 6 ten thousand plants/mu and 7 ten thousand plants/mu, the biological yield is the highest, which is 68600.34 kg/hm and 72433.70 kg/hm respectively. The quality properties of crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, calcium, phosphorus, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and the like are not influenced by planting density. By comparing 3 different row spacings, it was found that the biological yield of forage rape was the highest at a row spacing of 20cm, which could be the optimum planting row spacing. Meanwhile, at the row spacing of 20cm, the feeding rape also shows higher nutritional quality such as higher crude fat, crude protein, crude ash, calcium and phosphorus content and the like.
Example 1
A method for planting feed rapes in Huang-Huai region comprises the following steps of (1) variety selection: selecting a double-low high-quality rape hybrid Feng you No. 10 which is suitable for planting in Huang-Huai region and has high biological yield. The water content of the seeds is required to be not higher than 9%, the purity is not lower than 97%, and the germination rate is more than 80%;
(2) sowing: seeding in 2018, 9 months and 10 days;
(3) fertilizing: the same general rape fertilization method; in order to improve the palatability and reduce the cost, the application amount of N fertilizer can be reduced by about 25 percent, 40kg of compound fertilizer (N: P: K =15:15: 15) is applied per mu, and all the fertilizer is applied at the bottom; 8kg of urea is applied in the green turning period. (ii) a
(4) Reasonably close planting: the planting density in Huang-Huai area is 667m 2 60000 plants can obtain larger biomass, the seeding method adopts drill seeding under the density, and the row spacing is reduced to 20 cm. The method is different from the conventional rape planting method in that: the planting density of the conventional rape is 667m220000-30000 strain with a line spacing of 33 cm;
(5) field management: the method is similar to conventional planting. Selecting land blocks with convenient irrigation and drainage, flat land blocks, moderate soil fertility and the like, and adopting mechanized sowing. The prevention and treatment work of aphids and viral diseases is well grasped. The aphid control adopts the simple and efficient control technology of basal application of "Diaphiling". Each 667m for preventing and treating viral diseases2Can be sprayed with 300 times of solution of 0.5% mushroom proteoglycan or 1000 times of solution of 1.5% phytocide emulsifiable concentrate. The weed control is mainly chemical weeding, and intertillage weeding can also be carried out at the 4-6 leaf stage, before winter and after spring beginning;
(6) harvesting: and harvesting the rapes after the flowering phase is finished.
The rape is harvested in 2019, 4, month, 15 and 22 days, the biological yield of the rape is the maximum, and the quality of the rape as the feed is also the best. The conventional rape is planted, and the rapeseeds are generally harvested after being mature in the middle and last ten days of 5 months;
(7) the harvesting method comprises the following steps: manually harvesting, namely cutting from the height of the rape root close to the ground surface. Or mechanical combined harvesting and direct crushing can be adopted;
(8) ensiling: the water content of the rape straws is higher, is more than 80 percent, and can not be directly ensiled, and the water content is reduced by adopting any one of the following two methods: firstly, cutting, pouring, airing for 2-3 days, and crushing and ensiling when the water content is reduced to 65%; secondly, combined harvesting is carried out, and corn straws with the water content lower than 65 percent are added into the crushed rape straws, so that the water content is reduced to 65 percent; other ensiling techniques are the same as the general ensiling techniques.
And (3) final harvesting: the biological yield of the rape for feeding is 70363.76 kg/hm, the quality characters of crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, calcium, phosphorus, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and the like are also higher, wherein the content of the crude protein is 12.56 percent, the content of the crude fat is 4.1 percent, the content of the crude ash is 8.6 percent, the content of the calcium is 1.20g/kg, the content of the phosphorus is 0.31 percent, the content of the neutral detergent fiber is 46.2 percent, and the content of the acid detergent fiber is 38.4 percent.
Example 2
A method for planting feed rapes in Huang-Huai region comprises the following steps of (1) variety selection: selecting a double-low high-quality rape hybrid Feng you No. 10 which is suitable for planting in Huang-Huai region and has high biological yield. The water content of the seeds is required to be not higher than 9%, the purity is not lower than 97%, and the germination rate is more than 80%;
(2) sowing: seeding in 2018, 10 months and 15 days;
(3) fertilizing: the same general rape fertilization method; in order to improve the palatability and reduce the cost, the application amount of N fertilizer can be reduced by about 25 percent, 40kg of compound fertilizer (N: P: K =15:15: 15) is applied per mu, and all the fertilizer is applied at the bottom; 10kg of urea is applied in the green turning period.
(4) Reasonably close planting: the planting density in Huang-Huai area is 667m 270000 plants can obtain larger biomass, the seeding method adopts drill seeding under the density, and the row spacing is reduced to 20 cm. The method is different from the conventional rape planting method in that: the planting density of the conventional rape is 667m220000-30000 strain with a line spacing of 33 cm;
(5) field management: the method is similar to conventional planting. Selecting land blocks with convenient irrigation and drainage, flat land blocks, moderate soil fertility and the like, and adopting mechanized sowing. The prevention and treatment work of aphids and viral diseases is well grasped. The aphid control adopts the simple and efficient control technology of basal application of "Diaphiling". Each 667m for preventing and treating viral diseases2Can be sprayed with 300 times of solution of 0.5% mushroom proteoglycan or 1000 times of solution of 1.5% phytocide emulsifiable concentrate. The weed control is mainly chemical weeding, and intertillage weeding can also be carried out at the 4-6 leaf stage, before winter and after spring beginning;
(6) harvesting: harvesting after the flowering phase of the rape is finished.
The rape is harvested in 2019, 4, month, 18 to 28 days, the biological yield of the rape is the maximum, and the quality of the rape as the feed is also the best. The conventional rape is planted, and the rapeseeds are generally harvested after being mature in the middle and last ten days of 5 months;
(7) the harvesting method comprises the following steps: manually harvesting, namely cutting from the height of the rape root close to the ground surface. Or mechanical combined harvesting and direct crushing can be adopted;
(8) ensiling: the water content of the rape straws is higher, is more than 80 percent, can not be directly ensiled, and can be reduced by adopting any one of the following two methods: firstly, cutting, pouring, airing for 2-3 days, and crushing and ensiling when the water content is reduced to 65%; secondly, combined harvest is carried out, and at least one of corn straws and wheat straws with the water content lower than 60 percent is added into the crushed rape straws, so that the water content is reduced to 65 percent; other ensiling techniques are the same as the general ensiling techniques.
And (3) final harvesting: the biological yield of the rape for feeding is 68760.54 kg/hm, the quality characters of crude protein, crude fat, crude ash, calcium, phosphorus, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber and the like are also higher, wherein the content of the crude protein is 12.76 percent, the content of the crude fat is 4.2 percent, the content of the crude ash is 8.2 percent, the content of the calcium is 1.20g/kg, the content of the phosphorus is 0.30 percent, the content of the neutral detergent fiber is 43.9 percent, and the content of the acid detergent fiber is 36.0 percent.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (2)
1. A method for planting feed rapes in Huang-Huai region is characterized by comprising the following steps: comprises the following steps of (a) carrying out,
(1) variety selection: selecting double-low high-quality rape hybrid seeds which are suitable for being planted in Huang-Huai region and have high biological yield, wherein the water content of the seeds is not higher than 9%, the purity is not lower than 97%, and the germination rate is more than 80%;
(2) sowing: sowing in the first ten days of 9 months to the middle of 10 months;
(3) fertilizing: a method for fertilizing common rape in Huang-Huai region; the application amount of the N fertilizer can be reduced by 23-27%;
(4) reasonably close planting: the planting density is per 667m2 60000-70000 thousands of plants, adopting drill seeding, and the line spacing is 20 cm;
(5) field management: planting in the same way as conventional;
(6) harvesting: harvesting the rapes after the flowering phase of the rapes in the middle and last ten days of 4 months;
(7) ensiling: the water content of the rape straws is higher, is more than 80 percent, can not be directly ensiled, and can be reduced by adopting any one of the following two methods: firstly, cutting, pouring and airing for 2-3 days, and crushing and ensiling when the water content is reduced to 60-65%; and secondly, combined harvesting, namely adding at least one of corn straws and wheat straws with the water content of less than 65% into the crushed rape straws to reduce the water content to 60% -65%.
2. The method for planting the feed rape in Huang-Huai region according to claim 1, which comprises the following steps: the feed rape seeds in the step (1) are Fengyou No. 10.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114982570A (en) * | 2022-06-07 | 2022-09-02 | 甘肃省农业科学院作物研究所 | Fine-quantity rope sowing method for northern spring oilseed rapes |
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| CN114982570A (en) * | 2022-06-07 | 2022-09-02 | 甘肃省农业科学院作物研究所 | Fine-quantity rope sowing method for northern spring oilseed rapes |
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