CN112687755B - 一种N型TopCOn太阳能电池的背面金属电极及制备方法和电池 - Google Patents

一种N型TopCOn太阳能电池的背面金属电极及制备方法和电池 Download PDF

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CN112687755B
CN112687755B CN202011582094.XA CN202011582094A CN112687755B CN 112687755 B CN112687755 B CN 112687755B CN 202011582094 A CN202011582094 A CN 202011582094A CN 112687755 B CN112687755 B CN 112687755B
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丰明璋
杨金芳
何胜
徐伟智
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Chint New Energy Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及N型TopCOn太阳能电池技术领域,为解决N型TopCon电池背面使用银浆印刷电极带来的高成本问题,公开一种N型TopCOn太阳能电池的背面金属电极,包括基底、设于基底背面钝化膜上的若干根第一银细栅、叠加在第一银细栅上的第二铝细栅和垂直第一银细栅布置的第一银主栅,第一银主栅为分段式结构,背面金属电极还包括在第一银主栅的各段之间和各段周围印刷形成的第二铝主栅。通过铝浆在第一银细栅线上叠印得到第二细栅线,可以降低银浆的耗量,降低成本,同时增加载流子的传输通道,降低串联电阻,提升电池效率。主栅采用银‑铝搭接的方式制备得到,即满足电池背面的焊接要求,又降低主栅银浆的耗量,从而降低成本。

Description

一种N型TopCOn太阳能电池的背面金属电极及制备方法和 电池
技术领域
本发明涉及N型TopCOn太阳能电池技术领域,具体涉及一种N型TopCOn太阳能电池的背面金属电极、该背面技术电极的制备方法和使用该背面金属电极作为背面电极的N型TopCOn太阳能电池。
背景技术
随着太阳能电池的不断发展,研发和制造出高效、稳定、低成本的太阳能电池是当下行业关注的重心。相对P型晶硅电池,N型晶硅电池的少子寿命高、无光致衰减、弱光效应好、温度系数小,是晶硅太阳能电池迈向理论最高效率的希望。
N型TopCOn电池的基体为N型Si片,正面通过B扩散的方式得到P+掺杂层,并在正面通过ALD或是PECVD的方式沉积对应的钝化介质膜;在背面通过PECVD或是LPCVD 沉积得到对应的钝化介质膜和N+掺杂层。正背面通常采用丝网印刷的方式得到对应的金属电极,其中正面使用银铝浆、背面使用银浆。相比于P型PERC电池,N型TopCon电池背面采用银浆虽然能保证较高的双面率,但增加了电池的制造成本,为了同时满足N型TopCon 电池提效和降本的原则,背面应尽可能减少银浆的使用。
当下部分研究者为了降低N型TopCon电池背面银浆的使用成本,采用P型PERC电池背面金属化方式,即在背面通过激光消融的方式部分去除钝化介质膜,然后印刷铝浆,经过烧结形成具有欧姆接触的金属电极。该方式一方面需要增加激光消融的设备成本,另一方面会更大面积的损坏钝化介质膜,导致钝化效果降低,背面电极效率降低,影响电池的Voc,从而降低电池效率。另外,单一使用铝浆印刷得到金属栅线,较银栅线的线电阻高,影响电池的FF,引起电池效率降低。
发明内容
为解决N型TopCon电池背面使用银浆印刷电极带来的高成本问题,本发明的目的在于提供一种N型TopCOn太阳能电池的背面金属电极,减少背面银浆的使用,同时避免电极的性能受到影响。
本发明另一目的为提供上述N型TopCOn太阳能电池的背面金属电极的制备方法。
本发明再一目的为提供使用上述背面金属电极的N型TopCOn太阳能电池。
本发明提供如下的技术方案:
一种N型TopCOn太阳能电池的背面金属电极,包括基底,其特征在于,所述背面金属电极包括设于基底背面钝化膜上的若干根第一银细栅、叠加在第一银细栅上的第二铝细栅和垂直第一银细栅布置的第一银主栅,所述第一银主栅为分段式结构,所述背面金属电极还包括在第一银主栅的各段之间和各段周围印刷形成的第二铝主栅。
本发明的N型TopCOn太阳能电池的背面金属电极,在钝化膜上印刷第一银细栅和第一银主栅,并将第一银主栅设置为分段式结构,然后在第一银细栅上叠加印刷第二铝细栅,在第一银主栅的剩余部分即各段之间和给段周围印刷第二铝主栅,使第二铝主栅与第一银主栅形成部分接触通道,这样背面载流子先经过第一银细栅进行收集,然后传输至第二铝细栅,汇集至第二铝主栅,再由第一银主栅和第二铝主栅的部分接触,经过第一银主栅传输至外电路,既避免了银浆在背面金属电极上的大量使用,转而以铝浆部分替代,同时避免现有技术中完全以铝浆替代银浆印刷而需激光消融去除钝化介质膜带来的技术问题,降低载流子的传输损失,提升电池的FF,而且增加载流子的传输通道,降低串联电阻,提升电池效率。
作为本发明的优选,所述第一银细栅的根数为106~122,宽度为25~40um,高度为5~10um。
作为本发明的优选,第一银主栅的根数为5~12,每根主栅内的段数为4~12,每段长度为2~8mm,宽度为0.1~2mm,高度为4~8um。
作为本发明的优选,第二铝细栅的根数为106~122,宽度为35~45um,高度为10~20um。
作为本发明的优选,第二铝主栅的根数为5~12根,宽度为0.3~3.0mm,高度为10~ 30um。
上述N型TopCOn太阳能电池的背面金属电极的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)在基底由LPCVD的方式沉积SiOx/Poly-Si膜层,并在Poly-Si膜层上通过P扩散形成 N+掺杂层;再以LPCVD的方式沉积背面SiNxHy膜层;
(2)用银浆在背面SiNxHy膜层上印刷形成若干根相互垂直的第一银细栅和第一银主栅;
(3)用铝浆在第一银细栅上叠加印刷形成第二铝细栅,并在第一银主栅的各段间和各段的周围印刷形成第二铝主栅。
本发明的印刷方法中先印刷第一银细栅再叠加印刷第二铝细栅,提升金属电极细栅对载流子的传输效率,避免对钝化膜的部分去除处理,降低载流子的损失。同时本发明的印刷方法中,第一银细栅和第一银主栅同时印刷,既提高了印刷效率,而且形成了第一银细栅和第一银主栅存在接触的结构,相对完整的第一银细栅-第二铝细栅-第二铝主栅-第一银主栅的传统通道,在接触部位提供了由第一银细栅-第一银主栅的部分更短的传输通道,提高了载流子的传输效率。
作为本发明方法的优选,SiOx膜层厚度为1~8nm,Poly-Si膜层厚为100~200nm,背面SiNxHy膜层厚度50~100nm。
一种使用上述背面金属电极的N型TopCOn太阳能电池。
作为本发明的优选,基底的正面包括通过B扩散形成的P+层、由ALD或PECVD的方式沉积的AlOx膜层和PECVD的方式沉积的正面SiNxHy膜层组成的正面减反膜、在正面减反膜上印刷形成的金属栅线电极;
AlOx钝化膜厚为2~15nm,正面SiNxHy钝化膜厚为50~100nm。
作为本发明的优选,金属栅线电极由银/铝浆印刷烧结形成。
本发明的有益效果如下:
现有技术中N型TopCon电池的背面金属电极直接采用银浆印刷制的相较于P型PERC电池制作成本高,效率优势无法凸显,即无法显著降低太阳能电池每瓦的制造成本。本发明的方法中,背面先采用银浆印刷得到第一细栅线和分段式银主栅,然后在第一细栅线上采用铝浆叠印得到第二细栅线,同时在分段式银主栅上印刷得到剩余的铝主栅:
1)采用银浆印刷得到第一细栅线,避免直接采用铝线印刷时,激光开槽造成钝化介质膜大面积损伤,影响背表面的钝化效果;
2)采用铝浆在第一银细栅线上叠印得到第二细栅线,一方面可以降低银浆的耗量,降低成本;另一方面可以增加载流子的传输通道,降低串联电阻,提升电池效率;
3)背面金属电极的主栅采用银-铝搭接的方式制备得到,即满足电池背面的焊接要求,又降低主栅银浆的耗量,从而降低成本;
4)相对现有使用全铝浆的处理办法,该金属电极制作方法无需额外增加激光消融设备,从而大大降低电池的制作成本。
附图说明
图1是本发明方法制备的N型TopCon电池背面金属电极的电极分布结构视图;
其中,图1(a)表示第一银细栅和第一银主栅的位置关系;图1(b)表示第二铝细栅和第二铝主栅的位置关系;图1(c)表示第一银主栅和第二铝主栅的位置关系。
图2是本发明方法制备的N型TopCOn太阳能电池的横截面视图。
图中:1、基底,11-1、P+层,11-2、AlOx膜层,11-3、正面SiNxHy膜层,11-4、H 型金属栅线电极,12-1、SiOx膜层,12-2、Poly-Si膜层,12-3、背面SiNxHy膜层,12-4、银第一细栅,12-5、银第一主栅,12-6、铝第二细栅,12-7、铝第二主栅。
具体实施方式
下面就本发明的具体实施方式作进一步说明。
如无特别说明,本发明中所采用的原料均可从市场上购得或是本领域常用的,如无特别说明,下述实施例中的方法均为本领域的常规方法。
实施例1
一种N型TopCOn太阳能电池的背面金属电极,包括基底1,基底的背面设有经P扩散形成的N+层,在N+层上设置背面钝化膜,背面钝化膜由SiOx膜层12-1、Poly-Si膜层12-2和背面SiNxHy膜层12-3组成,在背面钝化膜上设置有第一银细栅12-4、第二铝细栅12-6、第二铝主栅12-7和第一银主栅12-5。第二铝细栅由铝浆在第一银细栅上叠加印刷制成,第一银主栅与第一银细栅垂直布置,且第一银主栅由断开的数段组成,第二铝主栅填充印刷在第一银主栅的各段之间和各段的周围,使得第一银主栅和第二铝主栅形成部分接触。
上述N型TopCOn太阳能电池的背面金属电极的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)基底背面经LPCVD的方式沉积SiOx/Poly-Si膜层,并经P扩散形成掺杂N+的Poly-Si 膜层,然后再以LPCVD的方式沉积背面SiNxHy膜层从而形成背面钝化膜,其中SiOx膜层厚度为1nm,Poly-Si膜层厚为100nm,背面SiNxHy膜层厚度50nm;
(2)如图1(a)所示,用银浆在背面SiNxHy钝化膜上同步印刷形成相互垂直的第一银细栅12-4 和第一银主栅12-5;其中,第一银细栅的根数为106,宽度为40um,高度为10um;第一银主栅的根数为5,每根主栅内的段数为4,每段长度为4mm,宽度为0.1mm,高度为4um;
(3)如图1(b)所示,用铝浆在第一银细栅上叠加印刷形成第二铝细栅12-6,并在第一银主栅的各段间和各段的周围印刷形成第二铝主栅12-7;其中,第二铝细栅的根数为106,宽度为 45um,高度为20um;第二铝主栅的根数为5根,宽度为0.3mm,高度为10um;这样通过上述金属丝栅印刷得到了第一银主栅和第二铝主栅部分接触的背面金属电极1(c)。
包括上述背面金属电极的N型TopCOn太阳能电池,如图2所示,电池的基底的正面经由B扩散形成的P+层11-1,并设置正面减反膜,包括由ALD方式沉积的AlOx膜层11-2、由PECVD的方式沉积正面SiNxHy膜层11-3,AlOx膜层厚为6nm,正面SiNxHy膜层厚为 70nm,然后在正面减反膜上使用银/铝浆印刷烧结制成H型金属栅线电极11-4,主栅为9BB,细栅106根、宽度35um、高度15um。
实施例2
一种N型TopCOn太阳能电池的背面金属电极,与实施例1的不同之处为,第一银细栅的根数为122,宽度为30um,高度为10um;第一银主栅的根数为8,每根主栅内的段数为8,每段长度为8mm,宽度为1mm,高度为6um;第二铝细栅的根数为122,宽度为35um,高度为15um;第二铝主栅的根数为8根,宽度为2.0mm,高度为15um。
实施例3
一种N型TopCOn太阳能电池的背面金属电极,与实施例1的不同之处为,第一银细栅的根数为110,宽度为25um,高度为5um;第一银主栅的根数为12,每根主栅内的段数为12,每段长度为2mm,宽度为2mm,高度为8um;第二铝细栅的根数为110,宽度为40um,高度为10um;第二铝主栅的根数为12根,宽度为3.0mm,高度为30um。
对比例1
N型TopCOn太阳能电池的背面金属电极完全使用银浆印刷制成,具体结构参数如下:银栅的根数116根,宽度40um,高度13um,其余与实施例1相同。
然后利用上述对比例1的背面金属电极制成N型TopCOn太阳能电池,其余结构和参数与实施例1中的N型TopCOn太阳能电池相同。
性能测试
对上述实施例1~3和对比例1所得N型TopCOn太阳能电池的性能进程测试,结果如下所示。
Figure BDA0002866121640000051
从上表中可以看出,与全银浆相比,采用本申请的技术方案可以提高N型TopCOn太阳能电池的转化效率、填充因子,并且明显的降低串联电阻的大小,而且与全银浆相比成本更低。

Claims (3)

1.一种N型TopCOn太阳能电池,其特征在于,所述N型TopCOn太阳能电池采用如下方法制备的背面金属电极:
(1)在基底的背面由LPCVD的方式沉积SiOx/Poly-Si膜层,并在Poly-Si膜层上通过P扩散形成N+掺杂层,再以LPCVD的方式沉积背面SiNxHy膜层;
(2)用银浆在背面SiNxHy膜层上印刷形成若干根相互垂直的第一银细栅和第一银主栅;
(3)用铝浆在第一银细栅上叠加印刷形成第二铝细栅,并在第一银主栅的各段间和各段的周围印刷形成第二铝主栅;
所述第一银细栅的根数为106~122,宽度为25~40um,高度为5~10um;
第一银主栅的根数为5~12,每根主栅内的段数为4~12,每段长度为2~8mm,宽度为0.1~2mm,高度为4~8um;
第二铝细栅的根数为106~122,宽度为35~45um,高度为10~20um;
第二铝主栅的根数为5~12根,宽度为0.3~3.0mm,高度10~30um;
背面SiOx膜层厚度为1~8nm,Poly-Si膜层厚为100~200nm,背面SiNxHy膜层厚度50~100nm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的N型TopCOn太阳能电池,其特征在于,基底的正面包括通过B扩散形成的P+层、由ALD或PECVD的方式沉积的AlOx膜层和PECVD的方式沉积的正面SiNxHy膜层组成的正面减反膜、在正面减反膜上印刷形成的金属栅线电极;
AlOx膜层厚为2~15nm,正面SiNxHy膜层厚为50~100nm。
3.根据权利要求2所述的太阳能电池,其特征在于,金属栅线电极由银/铝浆印刷烧结形成。
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