CN112683930A - Detection device and method for metal cracks - Google Patents
Detection device and method for metal cracks Download PDFInfo
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- CN112683930A CN112683930A CN202011452896.9A CN202011452896A CN112683930A CN 112683930 A CN112683930 A CN 112683930A CN 202011452896 A CN202011452896 A CN 202011452896A CN 112683930 A CN112683930 A CN 112683930A
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Abstract
The application discloses a detection device and a method for metal cracks, wherein the device comprises: the system comprises a rectangular waveguide, a network analyzer and a computer terminal; two ends of the rectangular waveguide are respectively connected with the network analyzer through coaxial cables; the network analyzer is externally connected to the computer terminal; the bottom wall of the rectangular waveguide is in an open state, the rectangular waveguide is placed on the metal to be tested with cracks, and the traveling wave transmission direction of the rectangular waveguide is perpendicular to the cracks; the rectangular waveguide is used for: generating a traveling wave; the network analyzer is used for: collecting S21 parameters of the rectangular waveguide; the computer terminal is used for: calculating according to S21 parameters to obtain a notch frequency of the rectangular waveguide, and representing crack characteristics of the metal to be detected according to the notch frequency, thereby solving the technical problems that the existing antenna sensor detection technology is sensitive to metal crack positions, has low metal crack detection accuracy and is difficult to conform to the metal to be detected.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of sensing, in particular to a detection device and a detection method for metal cracks.
Background
The metal surfaces of infrastructures such as pipelines, bridges, dams and rails often have cracks or fractures, which can be traced to extreme weather effects such as storms or the like or to crack propagation caused by frequent stress. Therefore, routine maintenance and online structural health monitoring of these infrastructures is essential to avoid safety accidents. The traditional nondestructive detection technology is not suitable for long-term monitoring due to the reasons of heavy machine, high detection cost, low detection efficiency, low automation degree and the like.
Structural health monitoring based on resonant electromagnetic sensors (e.g., antennas, open waveguides) and sensing systems thereof has the advantages of small size, light weight, low manufacturing and detection costs, and the like. In practical application, most resonant electromagnetic sensors detect and characterize cracks by using characteristics such as frequency shift. The crack characterization of the resonant electromagnetic sensor is not only influenced by profile parameters such as the depth and the width of the crack, but also influenced by the relative position of the crack and the sensor, so that the problems of low reliability, small coverage area and the like exist.
Therefore, the method for detecting the metal cracks by utilizing the rectangular waveguide to generate the traveling wave with uniform field amplitude is a novel detection method capable of realizing overall sensitive and reliable online monitoring.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the application provides a detection device and a detection method for a metal crack, and is used for solving the technical problems that the existing antenna sensor detection technology is sensitive to the position of the metal crack, low in accuracy rate of metal crack characteristic detection and difficult to conform to metal to be detected.
In view of the above, the present application provides, in a first aspect, an apparatus for detecting metal cracks, the apparatus comprising:
the system comprises a rectangular waveguide, a network analyzer and a computer terminal;
two ends of the rectangular waveguide are respectively connected with the network analyzer through coaxial cables, and the network analyzer is externally connected to the computer terminal;
the bottom wall of the rectangular waveguide is in an open state, the rectangular waveguide is placed on the metal to be tested with cracks, and the traveling wave transmission direction of the rectangular waveguide is perpendicular to the cracks;
the rectangular waveguide is used for: generating a traveling wave;
the network analyzer is configured to: collecting S21 parameters of the rectangular waveguide;
the computer terminal is used for: calculating the notch frequency of the rectangular waveguide according to the S21 parameter, and representing the crack characteristics of the metal to be tested according to the notch frequency.
Optionally, the rectangular waveguide is internally filled with a ceramic dielectric.
Optionally, the dielectric constant of the ceramic dielectric is 15-30.
Optionally, the ceramic dielectric has a loss tangent of 0.001 to 0.003.
Optionally, the rectangular waveguide operates at TE10Mode(s).
A second aspect of the present application provides a method for detecting metal cracks, the method comprising: the rectangular waveguide generates traveling waves;
collecting an S21 parameter of the traveling wave by a network analyzer;
the computer terminal calculates the notch frequency of the rectangular waveguide according to the S21 parameter;
and the computer terminal represents the crack characteristics of the metal to be detected according to the trap frequency.
According to the technical scheme, the embodiment of the application has the following advantages:
in an embodiment of the present application, there is provided a detection apparatus for metal cracks, including: the system comprises a rectangular waveguide, a network analyzer and a computer terminal; two ends of the rectangular waveguide are respectively connected with a network analyzer through coaxial cables, and the network analyzer is externally connected to the computer terminal; the bottom wall of the rectangular waveguide is in an open state, the rectangular waveguide is placed on the metal to be tested with cracks, and the traveling wave transmission direction of the rectangular waveguide is perpendicular to the cracks; the rectangular waveguide is used for: generating a traveling wave; the network analyzer is used for: collecting S21 parameters of the traveling wave; the computer terminal is used for: and calculating the notch frequency of the rectangular waveguide according to the S21 parameters, and representing the crack characteristics of the metal to be measured according to the notch frequency.
According to the detection device for the metal crack, the rectangular waveguide with the open bottom wall is placed on the metal to be detected with the crack, the rectangular waveguide is used for generating traveling waves, the transmission coefficient of the traveling waves is calculated through a network analyzer, the trapped wave frequency of the rectangular waveguide is determined according to the transmission coefficient, and therefore the characteristic of the crack is determined according to the trapped wave frequency; the notch frequency has high crack detection sensitivity and cannot be influenced by the relative position change of the rectangular waveguide and the crack, so that the characteristic detection of the rectangular waveguide on the metal crack is accurate; meanwhile, the characteristic of the telescopic property of the rectangular waveguide is utilized, so that the rectangular waveguide and the metal to be detected are easy to conform; therefore, the technical problems that the existing antenna sensor detection technology is sensitive to the position of the metal crack, low in accuracy rate of metal crack characteristic detection and difficult to conform to the metal to be detected are solved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a detection apparatus for metal cracks provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 2 is a perspective view of a rectangular waveguide and a metal to be detected of the device for detecting metal cracks provided in the embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a first case of a variation curve of the S21 parameter with crack depth and deviation amount of the center of the rectangular waveguide from the crack position for a detection apparatus for metal cracks provided in the embodiments of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a second case of the variation curve of the S21 parameter with the crack depth and the deviation amount of the rectangular waveguide center from the crack position of the detection device for metal cracks provided in the embodiments of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between dip wave frequency and crack depth in the first case and the second case of the variation curve;
FIG. 6 is a graph of the S21 parameter as a function of crack depth and the length of a rectangular waveguide for a metal crack detection apparatus provided in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 7 is a graph of electric field strength of the rectangular waveguide at different frequencies in the x-axis direction of FIG. 2 as a function of the amount of center deviation of the rectangular waveguide;
fig. 8 is a schematic flow chart of a detection method for metal cracks provided in an embodiment of the present application.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present application better understood, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present application, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.
Referring to fig. 1, an apparatus for detecting a metal crack according to an embodiment of the present application includes: the system comprises a rectangular waveguide, a network analyzer and a computer terminal; two ends of the rectangular waveguide are respectively connected with a network analyzer through coaxial cables, and the network analyzer is externally connected to a computer terminal; the bottom wall of the rectangular waveguide is in an open state, the rectangular waveguide is placed on the metal to be tested with cracks, and the traveling wave transmission direction of the rectangular waveguide is perpendicular to the cracks.
The rectangular waveguide is used for: generating a traveling wave; the network analyzer is used for: collecting S21 parameters of the rectangular waveguide; the computer terminal is used for: and calculating the notch frequency of the rectangular waveguide according to the S21 parameters, and representing the crack characteristics of the metal to be measured according to the notch frequency.
It should be noted that, in general, a regular metal waveguide made of a metal material (copper, aluminum, or the like) and having a rectangular cross section and filled with air or a medium inside is called a rectangular waveguide. The bottom wall of the application is in an open state, and it can be understood that one surface of the rectangular waveguide, which is in contact with the metal to be measured, is open, and the traveling wave transmission direction of the rectangular waveguide is perpendicular to the direction of the crack.
According to the detection device for the metal crack, the rectangular waveguide with the open bottom wall is placed on the metal to be detected with the crack, the rectangular waveguide is used for generating traveling waves, the transmission coefficient of the traveling waves is calculated through a network analyzer, the trapped wave frequency of the rectangular waveguide is determined according to the transmission coefficient, and therefore the characteristic of the crack is determined according to the trapped wave frequency; the notch frequency has high crack detection sensitivity and cannot be influenced by the relative position change of the rectangular waveguide and the crack, so that the characteristic detection of the rectangular waveguide on the metal crack is accurate; meanwhile, the characteristic of the telescopic property of the rectangular waveguide is utilized, so that the rectangular waveguide and the metal to be detected are easy to conform; therefore, the technical problems that the existing antenna sensor detection technology is sensitive to the position of the metal crack, low in accuracy rate of metal crack characteristic detection and difficult to conform to the metal to be detected are solved.
Further, on the basis of the above embodiment, the interior of the rectangular waveguide is filled with a ceramic dielectric.
In order to further improve the detection accuracy of the crack characteristics, the ceramic medium is filled in the rectangular waveguide, and the ceramic medium can be set by a person skilled in the art according to actual needs, which is not described herein.
Further, in the above embodiment, the dielectric constant of the ceramic dielectric is 15 to 30.
Further, in the above examples, the tangent of the loss angle of the ceramic dielectric is 0.001 to 0.003.
Because the dielectric constants and the loss angles of different ceramic dielectrics are different, the ceramic dielectric constant of the embodiment is selected to be 15-30, and the tangent of the loss angle is 0.001-0.003.
Further, on the basis of the above embodiments, the present embodiment sets the rectangular waveguide to operate in the TE10 mode.
It should be noted that the fundamental mode in the rectangular waveguide is TE10Mode with longest cutoff wavelength λC2a, a is the waveguide broadside. Therefore, it is possible to realize single-mode transmission in the waveguide; TE10The mode, also known as the principal mode in a rectangular waveguide, is the most important mode in a rectangular waveguide.
The above embodiments of the detection apparatus for metal cracks provided in the embodiments of the present application are specific application examples and experimental analyses of the detection apparatus for metal cracks provided in the present application.
Referring to fig. 2-7, fig. 2 is a perspective view of the rectangular waveguide and the metal to be tested shown in fig. 1.
In the specific application example of the application, the length (x-axis direction) of the rectangular waveguide is set to be 102mm, the width (y-axis direction) of the rectangular waveguide is 6mm, the lengths of the left port and the right port are both 1mm, the main part of the rectangular waveguide is loaded by a medium, the length of the main part of the rectangular waveguide is 100mm, the loaded material is ceramic with a dielectric constant of 20, the tangent of the loss angle of the ceramic is 0.001, and the bottom of the rectangular waveguide is open. The size of the metal to be measured is set to be 150mm multiplied by 60mm multiplied by 5mm (x-axis direction/y-axis direction/z-axis direction), the crack is arranged on the surface of the metal to be measured, d represents the depth of the crack, w represents the width of the crack, and p represents the deviation amount of the center of the rectangular waveguide and the position of the crack.
The crack width w was set to 0.6mm, and fig. 3 shows the first case of the curve of the variation of the S21 parameter (forward transmission coefficient) with the crack depth, and the deviation of the center of the rectangular waveguide from the crack position, i.e., the case where the deviation of the center of the rectangular waveguide from the crack position is small. The crack depth d was varied from 0.7mm to 1.1mm in steps of 0.2mm, and the deviation p of the center of the rectangular waveguide from the crack position was varied from 0 to 5mm in steps of 1 mm.
Fig. 4 shows the second case of the curve of the S21 parameter with the crack depth and the deviation of the center of the rectangular waveguide from the crack position, i.e. the case of the center of the rectangular waveguide deviating from the crack position by a large amount. The crack depth d was varied from 0.7mm to 1.1mm in steps of 0.2mm, and the deviation p of the center of the rectangular waveguide from the crack position was varied from 0 to 40mm in steps of 10 mm.
In FIG. 5, (p is 0-5 mm) is the relationship between the notch frequency and the crack depth in the case of FIG. 3. It can be seen from the figure that the notch frequency of the rectangular waveguide is limited to a certain range at a certain crack width. When the crack depth d is 0.7mm, the resonance frequency is 16.731-16.773 GHz; when the crack depth d is 0.9mm, the resonance frequency range is 16.226-16.231 GHz; when the crack depths d are respectively 1.1mm, the resonant frequencyThe ratio range is 15.738-15.750 GHz, and the resonant frequency ranges of the annular dielectric resonators do not overlap under different crack depths. The crack profile was varied from 0.42mm during the crack depth2Change to 0.66mm2The detection sensitivity reaches 4.200GHz/mm2。
In FIG. 5, (p is 0-40 mm) is the relationship between the notch frequency and the crack depth in the case of FIG. 4. It can be seen from the figure that the notch frequency of the rectangular waveguide is limited to a certain range at a certain crack width. When the crack depth d is 0.7mm, the resonance frequency is 16.699-16.780 GHz; when the crack depth d is 0.9mm, the resonance frequency range is 16.227-16.234 GHz; when the crack depth d is 1.1mm, the resonance frequency ranges are 15.738-15.748 GHz, and it can be seen that the resonance frequency ranges of the annular dielectric resonators do not overlap under different crack depths. The crack profile was varied from 0.42mm during the crack depth2Change to 0.66mm2The detection sensitivity reaches 4.152GHz/mm2。
The two situations show that the traveling wave-based crack detection device provided by the application can realize high detection sensitivity of the notch frequency to the crack, is not influenced by the change of the distance between the rectangular waveguide and the crack position, and has the average detection sensitivity of 4.176GHz/mm 2.
Fig. 6 is a graph of the variation of the S21 parameter with the crack depth and the rectangular waveguide length, and it can be seen that the rectangular waveguide length has little effect on the notch frequency, i.e. the rectangular waveguide is scalable and easy to conform.
FIG. 7 is a graph of electric field strength of the rectangular waveguide of FIG. 2 at different frequencies along the x-axis as a function of the deviation of the center of the rectangular waveguide, wherein the crack width w is 0.6mm, the crack depth d is 0.9mm, the deviation p of the center of the rectangular waveguide from the crack position is 2mm, the electric field distribution has a distinct traveling wave characteristic at frequencies of 12GHz and 16.227GHz, and a distinct notch characteristic at 16.227 GHz. It can be seen that the detection device for metal cracks of the present application is a crack detection device based on traveling waves.
The above is a specific application example and experimental analysis of the detection apparatus for metal cracks provided in the present application, and the following is an embodiment of a detection method for metal cracks provided in the present application.
Referring to fig. 8, an embodiment of a method for detecting a metal crack provided by the present application includes:
And step 102, collecting the S21 parameter of the traveling wave by the network analyzer.
And 103, calculating the notch frequency of the rectangular waveguide by the computer terminal according to the S21 parameter.
And step 104, the computer terminal represents the crack characteristics of the metal to be detected according to the trap frequency.
Further, the embodiment of the present application also provides a detection apparatus for metal cracks, which is characterized in that the apparatus includes a processor and a memory:
the memory is used for storing program codes and transmitting the program codes to the processor;
the processor is configured to execute the method for detecting metal cracks according to the method embodiments according to instructions in the program code.
Further, the present application provides a computer-readable storage medium, wherein the computer-readable storage medium is configured to store program codes, and the program codes are configured to execute the method for detecting metal cracks according to the above method embodiments.
It can be clearly understood by those skilled in the art that, for convenience and brevity of description, the specific working processes of the method and the apparatus described above may refer to the corresponding processes in the foregoing device embodiments, and are not described herein again.
The terms "first," "second," "third," "fourth," and the like in the description of the present application and in the above-described drawings are used for distinguishing between similar elements and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. It is to be understood that the data so used is interchangeable under appropriate circumstances such that the embodiments of the application described herein are, for example, capable of operation in sequences other than those illustrated or otherwise described herein. Furthermore, the terms "comprises," "comprising," and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements expressly listed, but may include other steps or elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
It should be understood that in the present application, "at least one" means one or more, "a plurality" means two or more. "and/or" for describing an association relationship of associated objects, indicating that there may be three relationships, e.g., "a and/or B" may indicate: only A, only B and both A and B are present, wherein A and B may be singular or plural. The character "/" generally indicates that the former and latter associated objects are in an "or" relationship. "at least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single item(s) or plural items. For example, at least one (one) of a, b, or c, may represent: a, b, c, "a and b", "a and c", "b and c", or "a and b and c", wherein a, b, c may be single or plural.
In the several embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed system, apparatus and method may be implemented in other manners. For example, the above-described apparatus embodiments are merely illustrative, and for example, the division of the units is only one logical division, and other divisions may be realized in practice, for example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not executed. In addition, the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interfaces, devices or units, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form.
The units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and parts displayed as units may or may not be physical units, may be located in one place, or may be distributed on a plurality of network units. Some or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution of the embodiment.
In addition, functional units in the embodiments of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist alone physically, or two or more units are integrated into one unit. The integrated unit can be realized in a form of hardware, and can also be realized in a form of a software functional unit.
The integrated unit, if implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as a stand-alone product, may be stored in a computer readable storage medium. Based on such understanding, the technical solution of the present application may be substantially implemented or contributed to by the prior art, or all or part of the technical solution may be embodied in a software product, which is stored in a storage medium and includes instructions for causing a computer device (which may be a personal computer, a server, or a network device) to execute all or part of the steps of the method according to the embodiments of the present application. And the aforementioned storage medium includes: a U disk, a removable hard disk, a Read-Only Memory (ROM), a Random Access Memory (RAM), a magnetic disk or an optical disk, and other various media capable of storing program codes.
The above embodiments are only used for illustrating the technical solutions of the present application, and not for limiting the same; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application.
Claims (6)
1. A detection apparatus for metal cracks, comprising: the system comprises a rectangular waveguide, a network analyzer and a computer terminal;
two ends of the rectangular waveguide are respectively connected with the network analyzer through coaxial cables, and the network analyzer is externally connected to the computer terminal;
the bottom wall of the rectangular waveguide is in an open state, the rectangular waveguide is placed on the metal to be tested with cracks, and the traveling wave transmission direction of the rectangular waveguide is perpendicular to the cracks;
the rectangular waveguide is used for: generating a traveling wave;
the network analyzer is configured to: collecting S21 parameters of the rectangular waveguide;
the computer terminal is used for: calculating the notch frequency of the rectangular waveguide according to the S21 parameter, and representing the crack characteristics of the metal to be tested according to the notch frequency.
2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the rectangular waveguide is filled with a ceramic dielectric.
3. The apparatus of claim 2, wherein the ceramic dielectric has a dielectric constant of 15 to 30.
4. The apparatus according to claim 2, wherein the ceramic dielectric has a loss tangent of 0.001 to 0.003.
5. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the rectangular waveguide operates at TE10Mode(s).
6. A method for detecting a metal crack, applied to the apparatus for detecting a metal crack according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising:
the rectangular waveguide generates traveling waves;
collecting an S21 parameter of the traveling wave by a network analyzer;
the computer terminal calculates the notch frequency of the rectangular waveguide according to the S21 parameter;
and the computer terminal represents the crack characteristics of the metal to be detected according to the trap frequency.
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| CN114002312A (en) * | 2021-09-13 | 2022-02-01 | 广东工业大学 | Metal crack detection sensor and metal crack feature extraction method |
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