CN114002312B - Metal crack detection sensor and metal crack feature extraction method - Google Patents
Metal crack detection sensor and metal crack feature extraction method Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 77
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 17
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- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006247 magnetic powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003302 ferromagnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/72—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables
- G01N27/82—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws
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Abstract
Aiming at the limitations of the prior art, the application provides a metal crack detection sensor and a metal crack characteristic extraction method, which adopt a resonance unit to improve the crack detection sensitivity, use periodic interweaving to compensate the magnetic field of the resonance unit, generate concentrated and uniform magnetic field distribution around a transmission line, thereby realizing insensitivity to the crack detection position; meanwhile, the resonant units are distributed periodically and equidistantly, so that the length of the microstrip transmission line and the number of the resonant units can be changed according to actual application scenes, and the metal crack detection sensor has good adjustable characteristics, so that the metal crack detection sensor is easy to conform to metal to be detected; therefore, the technical problems that the existing antenna sensor detection technology is sensitive to the position of the metal crack, low in detection sensitivity to the section characteristics of the metal crack and difficult to conform to the metal to be detected are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of microwave radio frequency sensing, in particular to a metal crack detection sensor and a metal crack feature extraction method.
Background
Metallic materials are widely used in various infrastructures, such as: aircraft, rails, dams, oil pipes, etc., are subjected to extreme weather effects such as high temperature, hail, etc., or frequent operation, and metal is subjected to frequent stress, which can lead to cracking of the metal surface. If the existence of cracks cannot be timely monitored, serious safety accidents or huge economic losses can be caused. Therefore, to prevent the occurrence of security incidents, routine maintenance and online structural health monitoring of these infrastructures is very necessary.
The existing common nondestructive detection methods include ray detection, ultrasonic detection, magnetic powder detection, penetration detection, eddy current detection and the like. The X-ray equipment for ray detection is expensive, not easy to carry and unsafe; ultrasonic detection is a coupling sensor, the surface of the detected metal is required to be smooth, and tiny cracks are difficult to detect; the magnetic powder detection can only detect ferromagnetic materials, the detected object needs to be cleaned before and after the detection, and the fake display can be caused by too thick coating; the eddy current detection can only detect conductor materials, the penetration is shallow, and the sensitivity of the detection can be influenced by the shape of an object to be detected, so that the detection result is inaccurate.
In contrast, the structural health monitoring of the resonant electromagnetic sensor and the sensing system thereof has the advantages of small size, light weight, low manufacturing and detecting cost and the like, and is widely used, for example, the chinese application application with publication No. CN109828020a is published as 2019.05.31: a metal crack detection system and method is disclosed, wherein the detection principle is that when different crack depths or widths are detected, the resonance frequency of a resonant electromagnetic sensor is shifted, and the crack is characterized by the relation between the crack size change and the frequency shift. However, the detection technology based on the resonant antenna sensor still has the technical problems of being sensitive to the position of the metal crack and being difficult to conform to the metal to be detected.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the limitation of the prior art, the application provides a metal crack detection sensor and a metal crack detection method, and the technical scheme adopted by the application is as follows:
a metal crack detection sensor comprises a dielectric substrate, a microstrip transmission line and a resonance unit; wherein:
the microstrip transmission line is arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate and is used for exciting the resonance unit and generating a uniform field and a traveling wave; the resonance units are periodically distributed at the side positions of the microstrip transmission line at equal intervals and are connected with the microstripA transmission line connected to generate a passband and TM 01 Molding; the bottom of the dielectric substrate is provided with an open structure for coupling energy to the metal to be detected.
Compared with the prior art, the metal crack detection sensor provided by the application has the advantages that the scheme of the travelling wave electromagnetic sensor is provided, the resonance unit is adopted to improve the crack detection sensitivity, the periodic interweaving is used for compensating the magnetic field of the resonance unit, and the concentrated and uniform magnetic field distribution is generated around the transmission line, so that the insensitivity to the crack detection position is realized; meanwhile, the resonant units are distributed periodically and equidistantly, so that the length of the microstrip transmission line and the number of the resonant units can be changed according to actual application scenes, and the metal crack detection sensor has good adjustable characteristics, so that the metal crack detection sensor is easy to conform to metal to be detected; therefore, the technical problems that the existing antenna sensor detection technology is sensitive to the position of the metal crack, low in detection sensitivity to the section characteristics of the metal crack and difficult to conform to the metal to be detected are solved.
As an alternative, the resonance unit is composed of a transmission line branch and a patch, and the patch is connected with the microstrip transmission line through the transmission line branch.
As an alternative, the resonant unit may be provided on a single side of the microstrip transmission line.
As a preferable scheme, the resonance unit may be further disposed at two sides of the microstrip transmission line.
Further, the two side resonance units can be aligned and distributed with each other.
As a preferred solution, the two side resonant cells may also be distributed non-aligned with each other.
The application also includes the following:
the metal crack characteristic extraction method based on the metal crack detection sensor comprises the following steps:
s01, placing the metal crack detection sensor on metal to be detected, enabling the microstrip transmission line 2 to generate a uniform field and a traveling wave to excite the resonance unit 3 at the same time, and enabling the resonance unit 3 to generate a passband and TM 01 Molding;
s02, acquiring forward transmission coefficients of different crack depths by using a network analyzer;
s03, calculating a corresponding attenuation coefficient according to the forward transmission coefficient;
s04, calculating an average value of attenuation constants in the selected frequency band, and acquiring the profile characteristics of the metal crack to be detected according to the average value of the attenuation constants.
As a preferred embodiment, in the step S03, the corresponding attenuation coefficient α is calculated by the following formula:
wherein ,for the forward transmission coefficient, m is the number of single-sided resonant units, and l is the length of the resonant units.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a top view of a metal crack detection sensor provided by an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a metal crack detection sensor according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic view of a portion of a metal crack detection sensor a according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the relationship between the average value of attenuation coefficient in the working frequency band and the variation of crack depth at different crack positions in the experimental example of the embodiment 3 of the present application;
fig. 5 is a flow chart of a metal crack detection method according to embodiment 4 of the present application.
Detailed Description
The drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the present patent;
it should be understood that the described embodiments are merely some, but not all embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden from the application, are intended to be within the scope of the embodiments of the present application.
The terminology used in the embodiments of the application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of embodiments of the application. As used in this application and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term "and/or" as used herein refers to and encompasses any or all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, the same numbers in different drawings refer to the same or similar elements, unless otherwise indicated. The implementations described in the following exemplary examples do not represent all implementations consistent with the application. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatus and methods consistent with certain aspects of the application as detailed in the accompanying claims. In the description of the present application, it should be understood that the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used merely to distinguish between similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a particular order or sequence, nor should they be construed to indicate or imply relative importance. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
Furthermore, in the description of the present application, unless otherwise indicated, "a plurality" means two or more. "and/or", describes an association relationship of an association object, and indicates that there may be three relationships, for example, a and/or B, and may indicate: a exists alone, A and B exist together, and B exists alone. The character "/" generally indicates that the context-dependent object is an "or" relationship. The application is further illustrated in the following figures and examples.
In order to solve the limitations of the prior art, the present embodiment provides a technical solution, and the technical solution of the present application is further described below with reference to the drawings and the embodiments.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a metal crack detection sensor includes a dielectric substrate 1, a microstrip transmission line 2, and a resonance unit 3; wherein:
the microstrip transmission line 2 is arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 1 and is used for exciting the resonance unit 3 and generating a uniform field and a traveling wave; the resonance units 3 are periodically and equidistantly distributed at the side of the microstrip transmission line 2 and connected with the microstrip transmission line 2 for generating a passband and TM 01 Molding; the bottom of the dielectric substrate 1 is provided with an open structure for coupling energy to the metal to be detected.
Compared with the prior art, the metal crack detection sensor provided by the application has the advantages that the scheme of the travelling wave electromagnetic sensor is provided, the resonance unit is adopted to improve the crack detection sensitivity, the periodic interweaving is used for compensating the magnetic field of the resonance unit, and the concentrated and uniform magnetic field distribution is generated around the transmission line, so that the insensitivity to the crack detection position is realized; meanwhile, the resonant units are distributed periodically and equidistantly, so that the length of the microstrip transmission line and the number of the resonant units can be changed according to actual application scenes, and the metal crack detection sensor has good adjustable characteristics, so that the metal crack detection sensor is easy to conform to metal to be detected; therefore, the technical problems that the existing antenna sensor detection technology is sensitive to the position of the metal crack, low in detection sensitivity to the section characteristics of the metal crack and difficult to conform to the metal to be detected are solved.
Structural component in this scheme all can adopt flexible material to realize, can obtain better ductility and stability from this, even buckle also can not influence detection performance, more can closely laminate with complex structure metal.
Specifically, the resonance unit 3 is composed of a transmission line branch and a patch, and the patch is connected with the microstrip transmission line 2 through the transmission line branch.
The resonance unit 3 can improve sensitivity of crack detection while TM generated by the patch in the resonance unit 3 01 The electric field in the transmission direction of the mode is mutually perpendicular to the transverse cracks on the metal, the periodic interweaving is used for compensating the magnetic field of the resonance unit, and the microstrip transmission line is formed by2, a concentrated and uniform magnetic field distribution is generated around the surface of the steel plate, thereby realizing insensitivity to the position of crack detection.
The resonant units 3 are distributed periodically and equidistantly, that is, a plurality of resonant units 3 are arranged equidistantly as one unit on a long microstrip transmission line 2, and the periodic distribution is shown.
As an alternative embodiment, the upper surface covering material of the dielectric substrate 1 may be copper.
Example 2
The present embodiment can be regarded as an improvement or extension scheme obtained on the basis of embodiment 1, specifically, a metal crack detection sensor, which includes a dielectric substrate 1, a microstrip transmission line 2, and a resonance unit 3; wherein:
the microstrip transmission line 2 is arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 1 and is used for exciting the resonance unit 3 and generating a uniform field and a traveling wave; the resonance units 3 are periodically and equidistantly distributed at the side of the microstrip transmission line 2 and connected with the microstrip transmission line 2 for generating a passband and TM 01 Molding; the bottom of the dielectric substrate 1 is provided with an opening for radiating energy to the metal to be detected.
The resonance unit 3 is arranged on one side of the microstrip transmission line 2.
Example 3
The present embodiment can be regarded as an improvement or extension scheme obtained on the basis of embodiment 1, specifically, a metal crack detection sensor, which includes a dielectric substrate 1, a microstrip transmission line 2, and a resonance unit 3; wherein:
the microstrip transmission line 2 is arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 1 and is used for exciting the resonance unit 3 and generating a uniform field and a traveling wave; the resonance units 3 are periodically and equidistantly distributed at the side of the microstrip transmission line 2 and connected with the microstrip transmission line 2 for generating a passband and TM 01 Molding; the bottom of the dielectric substrate 1 is provided with an opening for radiating energy to the metal to be detected.
The resonance units 3 are arranged on two sides of the microstrip transmission line 2.
Specifically, a pair of the resonance units 3 on both sides of the microstrip transmission line 2 may be regarded as one unit.
As an alternative embodiment, the two side resonant cells 3 may be aligned with each other.
As a preferred embodiment, the two side resonant cells 3 are not aligned.
Specifically, by performing the non-aligned distribution arrangement, i.e., the interweaving distribution, between the resonance units 3 on both sides, the sensitivity to crack detection can be improved to the maximum extent.
The following is a specific experimental example of the metal crack detection sensor provided in this embodiment and corresponding experimental result analysis:
in this experimental example, the dielectric substrate has a length (y-axis direction) of L and a width (x-axis direction) of W; the width of the microstrip transmission line 2 is fw; the length of the patch in the resonance unit 3 is Ra, the width is Rb, and the width of the branch is gap. The size of the metal to be detected is set to be 40mm multiplied by 120mm multiplied by 5mm (x-axis direction/y-axis direction/z-axis direction), cracks are distributed on the surface of the metal to be detected, cd represents the crack depth, cw represents the crack width, and p represents the deviation amount of the center of the periodic loading transmission line from the crack position.
Fig. 4 shows the relationship between crack depth and attenuation values at different crack positions (p= -5-0 mm). It can be seen from the graph that at a certain crack width, for different crack positions, when the crack depth cd=1.0 mm, the average value of attenuation values in the operating frequency band is 2.0-2.15; when the crack depth cd=2.0 mm, the average value of attenuation values in the working frequency band is 3.5-4; when the crack depth cd=3.0 mm, the average value of attenuation values in the working frequency band is 7.7-10, and it is seen that the attenuation value ranges of the periodically loaded transmission line are not overlapped at different crack positions and different crack depths.
Example 4
Referring to fig. 5, a method for extracting metal crack characteristics based on the metal crack detection sensor of embodiments 1 to 4 includes the following steps:
s01, placing the metal crack detection sensor on the metal to be detectedThe microstrip transmission line 2 generates a uniform field and a traveling wave to excite the resonance unit, and the resonance unit 3 generates a passband and TM 01 Molding;
s02, acquiring forward transmission coefficients of different crack depths by using a network analyzer;
s03, calculating a corresponding attenuation coefficient according to the forward transmission coefficient;
s04, calculating an average value of attenuation constants in the selected frequency band, and acquiring the profile characteristics of the metal crack to be detected according to the average value of the attenuation constants.
Specifically, the network analyzer is an instrument for measuring network parameters, can directly measure complex scattering parameters of active or passive, reversible or irreversible double-port and single-port networks, and gives out amplitude and phase frequency characteristics of each scattering parameter in a sweep frequency mode.
As a preferred embodiment, in the step S03, the corresponding attenuation coefficient α is calculated by the following formula:
wherein ,for the forward transmission coefficient, m is the number of single-sided resonant units, and l is the length of the resonant units.
It is to be understood that the above examples of the present application are provided by way of illustration only and not by way of limitation of the embodiments of the present application. Other variations or modifications of the above teachings will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art. It is not necessary here nor is it exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. which come within the spirit and principles of the application are desired to be protected by the following claims.
Claims (5)
1. A metal crack characteristic extraction method realized by a metal crack detection sensor comprises a dielectric substrate (1), a microstrip transmission line (2) and a resonance unit (3); wherein:
the microstrip transmission line (2) is arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate (1) and is used for exciting the resonance unit (3) and generating a uniform field and a traveling wave; the resonance units (3) are periodically and equidistantly distributed on the side of the microstrip transmission line (2) and are connected with the microstrip transmission line (2) for generating a passband and TM 01 Molding; an open structure for coupling energy to the metal to be detected is arranged at the bottom of the medium substrate (1); the resonance unit (3) is composed of a transmission line branch joint and a patch, the patch is connected with the microstrip transmission line (2) through the transmission line branch joint, the length of the patch in the resonance unit (3) is Ra, the width of the patch is Rb, and the width of the branch joint is gap, and the method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s01, placing the metal crack detection sensor on metal to be detected, enabling the microstrip transmission line (2) to generate a uniform field and a traveling wave to excite the resonance unit (3) simultaneously, and enabling the resonance unit (3) to generate a passband and TM 01 Molding;
s02, acquiring forward transmission coefficients of different crack depths by using a network analyzer;
s03, calculating a corresponding attenuation coefficient according to the forward transmission coefficient;
in the step S03, the corresponding attenuation coefficient α is calculated by the following formula:
wherein ,for the forward transmission coefficient, m is the number of single-sided resonant units (3), and l is the length of the resonant units (3);
s04, calculating an average value of attenuation constants in the selected frequency band, and acquiring the profile characteristics of the metal crack to be detected according to the average value of the attenuation constants.
2. The method for extracting metal crack characteristics realized by the metal crack detection sensor according to claim 1, wherein the resonance unit (3) is arranged on one side of the microstrip transmission line (2).
3. The method for extracting the metal crack characteristics realized by the metal crack detection sensor according to claim 1, wherein the resonance units (3) are arranged at two sides of the microstrip transmission line (2).
4. A method for extracting metal crack characteristics implemented by a metal crack detection sensor according to claim 3, characterized in that the two side resonance units (3) are aligned with each other.
5. A method of extracting metal crack characteristics implemented by a metal crack detection sensor as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the two side resonant cells (3) are distributed non-aligned.
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