CN114002312A - Metal crack detection sensor and metal crack feature extraction method - Google Patents
Metal crack detection sensor and metal crack feature extraction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114002312A CN114002312A CN202111070120.5A CN202111070120A CN114002312A CN 114002312 A CN114002312 A CN 114002312A CN 202111070120 A CN202111070120 A CN 202111070120A CN 114002312 A CN114002312 A CN 114002312A
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 8
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- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003302 ferromagnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/72—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables
- G01N27/82—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating the presence of flaws
Abstract
Aiming at the limitations of the prior art, the invention provides a metal crack detection sensor and a metal crack characteristic extraction method, wherein a resonance unit is adopted to improve the sensitivity of crack detection, the magnetic field of the resonance unit is compensated by using periodic interweaving, and concentrated and uniform magnetic field distribution is generated around a transmission line, so that insensitivity to the position of crack detection is realized; meanwhile, as the resonance units are periodically and equidistantly distributed, the length of the microstrip transmission line and the number of the resonance units can be changed according to the actual application scene, and the adjustable characteristic is good, so that the metal crack detection sensor is easy to conform to the metal to be detected; therefore, the technical problems that the existing antenna sensor detection technology is sensitive to the position of the metal crack, low in detection sensitivity to the section characteristic of the metal crack and difficult to conform to the metal to be detected are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of microwave radio frequency sensing, in particular to a metal crack detection sensor and a metal crack characteristic extraction method.
Background
Metallic materials are widely used in a variety of infrastructures, such as: aircraft, rail, dam and oil pipe etc. receive extreme weather's influence or the work of regularity such as high temperature, hail, and the metal receives frequent stress effect, can lead to the metal surface to appear crackle. If the existence of the crack cannot be timely monitored, serious safety accidents can be caused or huge economic losses can be caused. Therefore, routine maintenance and online structural health monitoring of these infrastructures is essential to prevent safety accidents.
The currently common nondestructive testing methods include ray testing, ultrasonic testing, magnetic powder testing, penetration testing, eddy current testing and the like. X-ray equipment for ray detection is expensive, not easy to carry and unsafe; ultrasonic detection is a coupling sensor, and requires the surface of the detected metal to be smooth and small cracks to be difficult to detect; magnetic powder detection can only detect ferromagnetic materials, the detected object needs to be cleaned before and after flaw detection, and false display can be caused due to the fact that the coating layer is too thick; eddy current testing can only detect conductor materials, the penetration is shallow, and the sensitivity of the test can be affected by the shape of the tested object, resulting in inaccurate testing results.
In contrast, the structural health monitoring of the resonant electromagnetic sensor and the sensing system thereof has the advantages of small size, light weight, low manufacturing and detecting cost, and the like, and is widely used, for example, chinese invention application with publication number CN109828020A, published as 2019.05.31: a metal crack detection system and method are disclosed, wherein the detection principle is that when different crack depths or widths are detected, the resonant frequency of a resonant electromagnetic sensor can shift, and cracks are represented by the relationship between the size change of the cracks and the frequency shift. However, the detection technology based on the resonant antenna sensor still has the technical problems of being sensitive to the position of a metal crack and difficult to conform to the metal to be detected.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the limitation of the prior art, the invention provides a metal crack detection sensor and a metal crack detection method, and the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a metal crack detection sensor comprises a dielectric substrate, a microstrip transmission line and a resonance unit; wherein:
the microstrip transmission line is arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate and used for exciting the resonance unit and generating a uniform field and a traveling wave; the resonance units are periodically and equidistantly distributed at the side positions of the microstrip transmission line, are connected with the microstrip transmission line and are used for generating a passband and a TM01Molding; and an open structure for coupling energy to the metal to be detected is arranged at the bottom of the dielectric substrate.
Compared with the prior art, the metal crack detection sensor provides a traveling wave type electromagnetic sensor scheme, the resonance unit is adopted to improve the crack detection sensitivity, the magnetic field of the resonance unit is compensated by periodic interweaving, and concentrated and uniform magnetic field distribution is generated around the transmission line, so that insensitivity to crack detection position is realized; meanwhile, as the resonance units are periodically and equidistantly distributed, the length of the microstrip transmission line and the number of the resonance units can be changed according to the actual application scene, and the adjustable characteristic is good, so that the metal crack detection sensor is easy to conform to the metal to be detected; therefore, the technical problems that the existing antenna sensor detection technology is sensitive to the position of the metal crack, low in detection sensitivity to the section characteristic of the metal crack and difficult to conform to the metal to be detected are solved.
As an alternative, the resonance unit is composed of a transmission line stub and a patch, and the patch is connected to the microstrip transmission line through the transmission line stub.
As an alternative, the resonance unit may be provided at a single side of the microstrip transmission line.
As a preferable scheme, the resonance unit may be further disposed at both sides of the microstrip transmission line.
Furthermore, the two resonant units can be mutually aligned and distributed.
Preferably, the resonant units on the two sides can be distributed in a non-aligned mode.
The invention also comprises the following:
a metal crack feature extraction method realized based on the metal crack detection sensor comprises the following steps:
s01, placing the metal crack detection sensor on a metal to be detected, enabling the microstrip transmission line 2 to generate a uniform field and a traveling wave and simultaneously exciting the resonance unit 3, and enabling the resonance unit 3 to generate a passband and a TM01Molding;
s02, acquiring forward transmission coefficients of different crack depths by using a network analyzer;
s03, calculating a corresponding attenuation coefficient according to the forward transmission coefficient;
and S04, calculating the average value of the attenuation constants in the selected frequency band, and acquiring the section characteristics of the metal crack to be detected according to the average value of the attenuation constants.
As a preferable scheme, in the step S03, the corresponding attenuation coefficient α is calculated by the following formula:
wherein ,
and m is the number of the single-side resonance units, and l is the length of the resonance units.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a top view of a metal crack detection sensor provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic perspective view of a metal crack detection sensor provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a partially enlarged schematic view of a metal crack detection sensor a provided in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a graph of a relationship between an average value of attenuation coefficients in a working frequency band and a change in crack depth at different crack positions in an experimental example of embodiment 3 of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic flow chart of a metal crack detection method in embodiment 4 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not to be construed as limiting the patent;
it should be understood that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present application, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments in the present application without any creative effort belong to the protection scope of the embodiments in the present application.
The terminology used in the embodiments of the present application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the embodiments of the present application. As used in the examples of this application and the appended claims, the singular forms "a", "an", and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term "and/or" as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
When the following description refers to the accompanying drawings, like numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements unless otherwise indicated. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with the present application. Rather, they are merely examples of apparatus and methods consistent with certain aspects of the application, as detailed in the appended claims. In the description of the present application, it is to be understood that the terms "first," "second," "third," and the like are used solely to distinguish one from another and are not necessarily used to describe a particular order or sequence, nor are they to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present application can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art as appropriate.
Further, in the description of the present application, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified. "and/or" describes the association relationship of the associated objects, meaning that there may be three relationships, e.g., a and/or B, which may mean: a exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. The character "/" generally indicates that the former and latter associated objects are in an "or" relationship. The invention is further illustrated below with reference to the figures and examples.
In order to solve the limitation of the prior art, the present embodiment provides a technical solution, and the technical solution of the present invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Example 1
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a metal crack detection sensor includes a dielectric substrate 1, a microstrip transmission line 2 and a resonant unit 3; wherein:
the microstrip transmission line 2 is arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 1 and used for exciting the resonance unit 3 and generating a uniform field and a traveling wave; the resonance unit 3 is periodically and equidistantly distributed at the side position of the microstrip transmission line 2, is connected with the microstrip transmission line 2 and is used for generating a passband and a TM01Molding; the bottom of the medium substrate 1 is provided with an open structure for coupling energy to the metal to be detected.
Compared with the prior art, the metal crack detection sensor provides a traveling wave type electromagnetic sensor scheme, the resonance unit is adopted to improve the crack detection sensitivity, the magnetic field of the resonance unit is compensated by periodic interweaving, and concentrated and uniform magnetic field distribution is generated around the transmission line, so that insensitivity to crack detection position is realized; meanwhile, as the resonance units are periodically and equidistantly distributed, the length of the microstrip transmission line and the number of the resonance units can be changed according to the actual application scene, and the adjustable characteristic is good, so that the metal crack detection sensor is easy to conform to the metal to be detected; therefore, the technical problems that the existing antenna sensor detection technology is sensitive to the position of the metal crack, low in detection sensitivity to the section characteristic of the metal crack and difficult to conform to the metal to be detected are solved.
Structural component in this scheme all can adopt flexible material to realize, can obtain better ductility and stability from this, even if buckle also can not influence the detection performance, more can closely laminate with the complex construction metal.
Specifically, the resonance unit 3 is composed of a transmission line branch section and a patch, and the patch is connected with the microstrip transmission line 2 through the transmission line branch section.
The resonance unit 3 can improve the sensitivity of crack detection, and TM generated by the patch in the resonance unit 301The electric field in the transmission direction of the mode is perpendicular to the transverse crack on the metal, the magnetic field of the resonance unit is compensated by using periodic interweaving, and concentrated and uniform magnetic field distribution is generated around the microstrip transmission line 2, so that insensitivity to crack detection position is realized.
The resonance units 3 are distributed at equal intervals periodically, which means that a plurality of resonance units 3 are arranged at equal intervals as one unit on a long microstrip transmission line 2, and the distribution is periodic.
As an alternative embodiment, the upper surface covering material of the dielectric substrate 1 may be copper.
Example 2
The present embodiment can be regarded as an improvement or extension scheme obtained on the basis of embodiment 1, and specifically, a metal crack detection sensor includes a dielectric substrate 1, a microstrip transmission line 2, and a resonance unit 3; wherein:
the microstrip transmission line 2 is arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 1 and used for exciting the resonance unit 3 and generating a uniform field and a traveling wave; the resonance unit 3 is periodically and equidistantly distributed at the side position of the microstrip transmission line 2, is connected with the microstrip transmission line 2 and is used for generating a passband and a TM01Molding; the bottom of the medium substrate 1 is provided with an opening for radiating energy to the metal to be detected.
The resonance unit 3 is arranged on one side of the microstrip transmission line 2.
Example 3
The present embodiment can be regarded as an improvement or extension scheme obtained on the basis of embodiment 1, and specifically, a metal crack detection sensor includes a dielectric substrate 1, a microstrip transmission line 2, and a resonance unit 3; wherein:
the microstrip transmission line 2 is arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 1 and used for exciting the resonance unit 3 and generating a uniform field and a traveling wave; the resonance unit 3 is periodically and equidistantly distributed at the side position of the microstrip transmission line 2, is connected with the microstrip transmission line 2 and is used for generating a passband and a TM01Molding; the bottom of the medium substrate 1 is provided with an opening for radiating energy to the metal to be detected.
The resonance unit 3 is arranged on two sides of the microstrip transmission line 2.
Specifically, a pair of the resonance units 3 on both sides of the microstrip transmission line 2 may be regarded as one unit.
As an alternative embodiment, the two resonant units 3 may be aligned with each other.
As a preferred embodiment, the resonant cells 3 on both sides are distributed in a non-aligned manner.
Specifically, by arranging the resonance units 3 on the two sides in a non-aligned distribution manner, that is, in an interlaced distribution state, the sensitivity of crack detection can be improved to the greatest extent.
Next, a specific experimental example of the metal crack detection sensor provided in this embodiment and a corresponding experimental result analysis are provided:
in the experimental example, the length (y-axis direction) of the dielectric substrate is L, and the width (x-axis direction) of the dielectric substrate is W; the width of the microstrip transmission line 2 is fw; the length of the patch in the resonance unit 3 is Ra, the width is Rb, and the width of the branch is gap. The size of the metal to be detected is set to be 40mm multiplied by 120mm multiplied by 5mm (x-axis direction/y-axis direction/z-axis direction), cracks are distributed on the surface of the metal to be detected, cd represents the depth of the cracks, cw represents the width of the cracks, and p represents the deviation amount of the center of the periodically loaded transmission line and the positions of the cracks.
FIG. 4 shows the relationship between the attenuation values and the crack depths at different crack positions (p ═ 5 to 0 mm). As can be seen from the figure, under a certain crack width and for different crack positions, when the crack depth cd is 1.0 mm, the average value of the attenuation values in the working frequency band is 2.0-2.15; when the crack depth cd is 2.0mm, the average value of the attenuation values in the working frequency band is 3.5-4; when the crack depth cd is 3.0mm, the average value of the attenuation values in the working frequency band is 7.7-10, and it can be seen that for different crack positions, the attenuation value ranges of the periodically loaded transmission line are not overlapped under different crack depths.
Example 4
Referring to fig. 5, a method for extracting metal crack features implemented by the metal crack detection sensor according to embodiments 1 to 4 includes the following steps:
s01, placing the metal crack detection sensor on the metal to be detected, enabling the microstrip transmission line 2 to generate a uniform field and a traveling wave and simultaneously exciting the resonance unit, and enabling the resonance unit 3 to generate a passband and a TM01Molding;
s02, acquiring forward transmission coefficients of different crack depths by using a network analyzer;
s03, calculating a corresponding attenuation coefficient according to the forward transmission coefficient;
and S04, calculating the average value of the attenuation constants in the selected frequency band, and acquiring the section characteristics of the metal crack to be detected according to the average value of the attenuation constants.
Specifically, the network analyzer is an instrument for measuring network parameters, can directly measure complex scattering parameters of an active or passive, reversible or irreversible double-port and single-port network, and gives amplitude and phase frequency characteristics of each scattering parameter in a frequency sweeping mode.
As a preferred embodiment, in step S03, the corresponding attenuation coefficient α is calculated by the following formula:
wherein ,
and m is the number of the single-side resonance units, and l is the length of the resonance units.
It should be understood that the above-described embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. And are neither required nor exhaustive of all embodiments. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A metal crack detection sensor is characterized by comprising a dielectric substrate (1), a microstrip transmission line (2) and a resonance unit (3); wherein:
the microstrip transmission line (2) is arranged on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate (1) and is used for exciting the resonance unit (3) and generating a uniform field and a traveling wave; the resonance unit (3) is distributed at the side position of the microstrip transmission line (2) at a periodic equal interval, is connected with the microstrip transmission line (2) and is used for generating a passband and a TM01Molding; the bottom of the dielectric substrate (1) is provided with an open structure for coupling energy to the metal to be detected.
2. A metal crack detection sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that the resonance unit (3) consists of a transmission line stub and a patch, which patch is connected to the microstrip transmission line (2) via the transmission line stub.
3. The metal crack detection sensor according to claim 1, characterized in that the resonance unit (3) is provided at a single side of the microstrip transmission line (2).
4. The metal crack detection sensor according to claim 1, wherein the resonance unit (3) is provided at both sides of the microstrip transmission line (2).
5. A metal crack detection sensor as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the two side resonator elements (3) are arranged in mutual alignment.
6. A metal crack detection sensor as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that the resonant cells (3) on both sides are distributed non-aligned.
7. A metal crack feature extraction method implemented based on the metal crack detection sensor of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising the steps of:
s01, placing the metal crack detection sensor on a metal to be detected, enabling the microstrip transmission line (2) to generate a uniform field and a traveling wave and simultaneously exciting the resonance unit (3), and enabling the resonance unit (3) to generate a passband and a TM01Molding;
s02, acquiring forward transmission coefficients of different crack depths by using a network analyzer;
s03, calculating a corresponding attenuation coefficient according to the forward transmission coefficient;
and S04, calculating the average value of the attenuation constants in the selected frequency band, and acquiring the section characteristics of the metal crack to be detected according to the average value of the attenuation constants.
8. The method for detecting metal cracks according to claim 7, wherein the corresponding attenuation coefficient α is calculated in step S03 by the following formula:
wherein ,
m is the number of the one-sided resonance units (3) and l is the length of the resonance units (3) for the forward transmission coefficient.
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