CN112682061A - Tunnel structure and construction method - Google Patents
Tunnel structure and construction method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112682061A CN112682061A CN202011599537.6A CN202011599537A CN112682061A CN 112682061 A CN112682061 A CN 112682061A CN 202011599537 A CN202011599537 A CN 202011599537A CN 112682061 A CN112682061 A CN 112682061A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a tunnel structure and a construction method, and provides the tunnel structure and the construction method which are suitable for the tunnel structure with smaller clear distance between the left line and the right line, so that the safety and the quality of the tunnel are ensured while the rapid construction is realized. The tunnel structure comprises a first tunnel, a second tunnel, an initial support layer, a first anchor rod, a second anchor rod, a third anchor rod, a damping plate and a secondary lining layer; the first anchor rod is arranged on the outer side of the center line of the first tunnel and the outer side of the center line of the second tunnel; the second anchor rod is arranged on the inner side of the center line of the first tunnel and the inner side of the center line of the second tunnel; the third anchor rod is arranged at the junction of the first tunnel and the second tunnel, one end of the third anchor rod is connected with the initial supporting layer of the first tunnel, and the other end of the third anchor rod is connected with the initial supporting layer of the second tunnel; the damping plate is arranged between the primary support layer and the secondary lining layer, and through the structural design of the tunnel, the temporary support engineering in the tunnel construction process is reduced, and the construction cost is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of highway tunnels, in particular to a tunnel structure and a construction method.
Background
In recent years, more and more mountain roads are planned and constructed. More and more tunnels are planned and constructed, and bridges are connected with the tunnels and extend into the tunnels. The special topography of mountain area, the topography condition has decided the form of bridge, when the bridge is the whole structure outside the tunnel, the tunnel must be set up as the tunnel that the axis interval is very little, the left and right line entrance to a cave is very small, generally speaking often adopt the double arch tunnel, the general construction method of the double arch tunnel is to do the pilot tunnel in advance, after the completion of the backfill of the pilot tunnel in the pilot tunnel, carry on the main tunnel and excavate, the construction method of three pilot tunnels is adopted in the main tunnel excavation, its sectional area of pilot tunnel divided is smaller, large-scale machinery is difficult to enter, the construction process is more, the number of times of disturbance is more, lead to appearing safety and quality accident frequently, the secondary lining encircles the waist.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of how to quickly and safely construct tunnels with small space, particularly tunnel construction with zero clear distance, and provides a tunnel structure and a construction method which are suitable for tunnel construction with small clear distance between left and right lines, wherein the tunnel structure and the construction method are quick in construction, and wide in applicability, and the safety and the quality of the tunnel can be guaranteed.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a tunnel structure comprises a first tunnel, a second tunnel, an initial support layer, a first anchor rod, a second anchor rod, a third anchor rod, a damping plate and a secondary lining layer; the first anchor rod is arranged on the outer side of the center line of the first tunnel and the outer side of the center line of the second tunnel, one end of the first anchor rod is connected with the initial supporting layer, and the other end of the first anchor rod is inserted into the surrounding rock; the second anchor rod is arranged on the inner side of the center line of the first tunnel and the inner side of the center line of the second tunnel, one end of the second anchor rod is connected with the initial support layer, and the other end of the second anchor rod is inserted into the surrounding rock; the third anchor rod is arranged at the junction of the first tunnel and the second tunnel, one end of the third anchor rod is connected with the initial supporting layer of the first tunnel, and the other end of the third anchor rod is connected with the initial supporting layer of the second tunnel; the damping plate is arranged between the initial supporting layer and the secondary lining layer.
In the scheme, the tunnel structure comprises a first tunnel, a second tunnel, an initial support layer, a first anchor rod, a second anchor rod, a third anchor rod, a damping plate and a secondary lining layer; one end of the first anchor rod and one end of the second anchor rod are connected with the initial support layer, the other end of the first anchor rod and the second anchor rod are inserted into the surrounding rock, and the tunnel surrounding rock is grouted by arranging the first anchor rod and the second anchor rod, so that the strength of the tunnel surrounding rock is ensured, and the safety of the tunnel is ensured; one end of the third anchor rod is connected with the initial supporting layer of the first tunnel, and the other end of the third anchor rod is connected with the initial supporting layer of the second tunnel; through the arrangement of the damping plates, the influence of excavation blasting of the second tunnel on the first tunnel in the construction process is reduced, and the stability and the safety of the tunnel structure are ensured; and through the structural design of the tunnel, the temporary support engineering erection in the tunnel construction process is reduced, and the construction cost is reduced.
Preferably, the first anchor rod is
A hollow grouting anchor rod; the second anchor rod is
A conduit adapted to be used at the junction of the first tunnel and the second tunnel
The guide pipe improves the strength of the wall rock after grouting, the drawing force of the guide pipe and the wall rock is further improved by adopting the guide pipe with large diameter, the tunnel strength is ensured, and the other parts adopt the conventional method
The hollow grouting anchor rod saves cost.
Preferably, the circumferential distance of the second anchor rods is 1.2m, and the longitudinal distance is consistent with the distance of the support steel frame.
Preferably, the damping plates are arranged in the inner side of the center line of the first tunnel and the inner side area of the center line of the second tunnel, and the coverage range of the damping plates is from the arch springing to 50 degrees above the arch springing.
Preferably, the thickness of the damping plate is 5 cm.
As a specific structure of the initial supporting layer of the present invention, the initial supporting layer includes a plurality of supporting steel frames for supporting the tunnel and a reinforcement cage disposed between the supporting steel frames. The supporting steel frames are connected through a plurality of I-shaped steels, the steel reinforcement cage is of a three-layer structure arranged along the radial direction of the tunnel, the steel reinforcement cage layers are connected through connecting steel reinforcements, and the longitudinal steel reinforcement of the middle layer is arranged between the two I-shaped steels; through the structural design of the primary support layer, the primary support rigidity of the first tunnel is guaranteed, the primary supports of the first tunnel and the second tunnel are independent to form a ring, the traditional middle wall is not shared, the stress of the left hole and the right hole is facilitated, and the tunnel structure and the construction safety are improved.
Preferably, the reinforcing steel bars of any layer of the reinforcing cage are
And (5) reinforcing steel bars.
Preferably, the reinforcement cage layers are connected through connecting reinforcements
And (5) reinforcing steel bars.
Preferably, the circumferential distance between the I-beams is 1m, the connecting positions of two adjacent supporting steel frames and the I-beams are staggered by 1m, and weak links formed in the longitudinal direction of the initial supporting layer are avoided through staggered connection of the I-beams.
Preferably, the I-steel and the reinforcement cage are arranged in a range from an arch springing to a position 50 degrees above an arch lifting line, and the rest positions are conventional supporting structures.
Preferably, the range from the arch springing to 50 degrees above the arch springing line is located at the junction of the first tunnel and the second tunnel.
The invention also discloses a tunnel construction method, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: excavating a first tunnel, arranging a second anchor rod and a third anchor rod on an arc-shaped surface on the inner side of the center line of the first tunnel, arranging a first anchor rod on the other side, and grouting a rock body through the first anchor rod and the second anchor rod;
step 2: preparing before primary support, and arranging pearl cotton on an arc surface on the inner side of the center line of the first tunnel;
and step 3: the method comprises the following steps that a plurality of supporting steel frames are arranged along the advancing direction of a first tunnel in primary supporting of the first tunnel, the supporting steel frames are connected through I-shaped steel, and a steel reinforcement cage is arranged between every two adjacent supporting steel frames;
and 4, step 4: constructing a damping plate, a waterproof plate and a secondary lining;
and 5: constructing a second tunnel; and (3) constructing by adopting a short footage and three-step method, removing the pearl wool after excavation blasting, setting a primary support, and welding the extending end of the third anchor rod with a support steel frame of the second tunnel to complete primary support and secondary lining.
By applying the construction method, the erection of temporary support engineering is greatly reduced, and the construction cost is reduced; the influence of the excavation of the right tunnel on the left tunnel is effectively reduced through the pearl cotton; compared with the traditional three-guide-hole construction method, the tunnel structure construction is the normal construction of two conventional independent tunnels, the construction period is greatly shortened, the construction method of the two independent tunnels is adopted, large machinery can be adopted for matched construction, the matching of tunnel construction machinery is improved, the safety and the quality of tunnel construction are improved, the tunnel construction is rapid, the structure is safe and high in quality, and the forked tunnels can be more widely adopted according to specific conditions.
Preferably, the coverage range of the pearl cotton is from the arch springing to 22.5 degrees above the arch raising line.
Preferably, the thickness of the pearl cotton is 5 cm.
Preferably, in the step 5, during the second tunnel construction, the second tunnel face is constructed not less than 50m behind the second lining of the first tunnel.
Preferably, before the second tunnel is constructed in the step 5, blasting vibration monitoring is arranged on the secondary lining layer of the first tunnel, so that the blasting vibration rate is not more than 15cm/s, and blasting parameters can be determined according to field experiments.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1. compared with the traditional multi-arch tunnel, the tunnel structure and the construction method have the advantages that temporary supporting projects are fewer, and the construction cost of the traditional multi-arch tunnel is greatly reduced;
2. according to the tunnel structure and the construction method, two independent tunnels are normally constructed, so that the construction period is greatly saved;
3. according to the small-clear-distance tunnel structure and the construction method, the primary supports of the left and right holes are respectively and independently formed into a ring, the traditional middle wall is not shared, the respective stress of the left and right holes is facilitated, and the tunnel structure and the construction safety are improved
4. According to the tunnel structure and the construction method, the construction method of two independent tunnels is adopted, and large-scale machinery can be adopted for matched construction, so that the matching of tunnel construction machinery is improved, and the safety and the quality of tunnel construction are improved;
5. the tunnel structure and the construction method have the advantages that the tunnel structure design is adopted, the tunnel construction is rapid, the structure is safe, the quality is high, and the branch tunnels can be widely adopted according to specific conditions.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the tunnel structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 1A in accordance with the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the arrangement of the reinforcement cage for a tunnel according to the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic view of a connection structure of the tunnel supporting steel frame and the i-steel of the invention.
Reference numbers and corresponding part names:
1-a first tunnel, 2-a second tunnel, 3-an initial supporting layer, 31-a supporting steel frame, 32-a reinforcement cage, 33-a connecting reinforcement, 34-I-steel, 4-a first anchor rod, 5-a second anchor rod, 6-a third anchor rod, 7-a damping plate and 8-a secondary lining layer.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail below with reference to examples and accompanying drawings, and the exemplary embodiments and descriptions thereof are only used for explaining the present invention and are not meant to limit the present invention.
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that: it is not necessary to employ these specific details to practice the present invention. In other instances, well-known structures, circuits, materials, or methods have not been described in detail so as not to obscure the present invention.
Throughout the specification, reference to "one embodiment," "an embodiment," "one example," or "an example" means: the particular features, structures, or characteristics described in connection with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment of the invention. Thus, the appearances of the phrases "one embodiment," "an embodiment," "one example" or "an example" in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable combination and/or sub-combination in one or more embodiments or examples. Further, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that the illustrations provided herein are for illustrative purposes and are not necessarily drawn to scale. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "front", "rear", "left", "right", "upper", "lower", "vertical", "horizontal", "high", "low", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the referenced devices or elements must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and therefore, are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1 to 4, the tunnel structure of the present invention includes a first tunnel 1, a second tunnel 2, an initial support layer 3, a first anchor rod 4, a second anchor rod 5, a third anchor rod 6, a damping plate 7, and a secondary lining layer 8; the first anchor rod 4 is arranged on the outer side of the center line of the first tunnel 1 and the outer side of the center line of the second tunnel 2, one end of the first anchor rod 4 is connected with the initial supporting layer 3, and the other end of the first anchor rod 4 is inserted into surrounding rock; the second anchor rods 6 are arranged on the inner side of the center line of the tunnel 1 of the first tunnel and the inner side of the center line of the tunnel 2 of the second tunnel, one end of each second anchor rod 5 is connected with the initial supporting layer 3, and the other end of each second anchor rod is inserted into surrounding rock; the third anchor rod 6 is arranged at the junction of the first tunnel 1 and the second tunnel 2, one end of the third anchor rod 6 is connected with the initial supporting layer 3 of the first tunnel, and the other end of the third anchor rod 6 is connected with the initial supporting layer 3 of the second tunnel; the damping plate 7 is arranged between the initial supporting layer 3 and the secondary lining layer 8.
In the scheme, the tunnel structure comprises a first tunnel 1, a second tunnel 2, an initial support layer 3, a first anchor rod 4, a second anchor rod 5, a third anchor rod 6, a damping plate 7 and a secondary lining layer 8; one ends of the first anchor rod 4 and the second anchor rod 5 are connected with the initial support layer 3, the other ends of the first anchor rod 4 and the second anchor rod 5 are inserted into the surrounding rock, the tunnel surrounding rock is grouted by arranging the first anchor rod 4 and the second anchor rod 5, and the strength of the tunnel surrounding rock is ensured to ensure the safety of the tunnel; one end of the third anchor rod 6 is connected with the initial supporting layer 3 of the first tunnel, and the other end of the third anchor rod is connected with the initial supporting layer 3 of the second tunnel, so that the stability of the first tunnel 1 and the second tunnel 2 is ensured by arranging the third anchor rod 6, and the phenomenon that the initial supporting layer 3 is displaced to influence the tunnel structure is avoided; through the arrangement of the damping plates 7, the influence of excavation blasting of the second tunnel 2 in the construction process on the first tunnel 1 is reduced, and the stability and the safety of the tunnel structure are ensured; and through the structural design of the tunnel, the temporary support engineering erection in the tunnel construction process is reduced, and the construction cost is reduced.
Preferably, the first anchor rod 4 is
A hollow grouting anchor rod; the second anchor rod 5 is
A conduit.
Preferably, the circumferential distance of the second anchor rods 5 is 1.2m, and the longitudinal distance is consistent with the distance of the support steel frame 31.
Preferably, the damping plates 7 are arranged on the inner side of the middle line of the first tunnel 1 and the inner side of the middle line of the second tunnel 2, and the coverage range of the damping plates 7 is from the arch springing to 50 degrees above the arch springing.
Preferably, the shock absorbing plate 7 has a thickness of 5 cm.
As a specific structure of the initial supporting layer 3 of the present invention, the initial supporting layer 3 includes a plurality of supporting steel frames 31 for supporting the tunnel and a reinforcement cage 32 disposed between the supporting steel frames. The supporting steel frames are connected through a plurality of I-shaped steels 34, the steel reinforcement cage 32 is of a three-layer structure arranged along the radial direction of the tunnel, the layers of the steel reinforcement cage 32 are connected through connecting steel reinforcements 33, and the longitudinal steel reinforcement of the middle layer is arranged between the two I-shaped steels 34; through the structural design of the primary support layer 3, the primary support rigidity of the first tunnel is guaranteed, the primary supports of the first tunnel 1 and the second tunnel 2 are independent to form a ring, the traditional middle wall is not shared, the stress of the left hole and the right hole is facilitated, and the tunnel structure and the construction safety are improved.
Preferably, the reinforcing steel of any layer of the reinforcement cage 32 is
And (5) reinforcing steel bars.
Preferably, the layers of the reinforcement cage 32 are connected by connecting reinforcements 33
And (5) reinforcing steel bars.
Preferably, the circumferential distance of the i-beams 34 is 1m, the connecting positions of two adjacent supporting steel frames 31 and the i-beams 34 are staggered by 1m, and weak links formed in the longitudinal direction of the initial supporting layer 3 are avoided through staggered connection of the i-beams 34.
Preferably, the i-steel 34 and the reinforcement cage 32 are arranged in a range from an arch springing to a position 50 degrees above an arch lifting line, and the rest positions are conventional supporting structures.
Preferably, the range of the arch springing to 50 degrees above the arch springing line is located at the junction of the first tunnel 1 and the second tunnel 2.
The invention also discloses a tunnel construction method, which comprises the following steps:
step 1: excavating a first tunnel, arranging a second anchor rod 5 and a third anchor rod 6 on an arc-shaped surface on the inner side of the center line of the first tunnel 1, arranging a first anchor rod 4 on the other side, and grouting a rock body through the first anchor rod 4 and the second anchor rod 5;
step 2: preparing before primary support, and arranging pearl cotton on an arc surface on the inner side of the center line of the tunnel of the first tunnel 1;
and step 3: the method comprises the steps that a first tunnel 1 is primarily supported, a plurality of supporting steel frames 31 are arranged along the advancing direction of the first tunnel 1, the supporting steel frames 31 are connected through I-shaped steel 34, and a reinforcement cage 32 is arranged between every two adjacent supporting steel frames 31;
and 4, step 4: constructing a damping plate 7, a waterproof plate and a secondary lining layer 8;
and 5: constructing a second tunnel; and (3) constructing by adopting a short footage and three-step method, removing the pearl wool after excavation blasting, setting a primary support, and welding the extending end of the third anchor rod 6 with the support steel frame 31 of the second tunnel 2 to complete the primary support and secondary lining.
By applying the construction method, the erection of temporary support engineering is greatly reduced, and the construction cost is reduced; the influence of the excavation of the right tunnel on the left tunnel is effectively reduced through the pearl cotton; compared with the traditional three-guide-hole construction method, the tunnel structure construction is the normal construction of two conventional independent tunnels, the construction period is greatly shortened, the construction method of the two independent tunnels is adopted, large machinery can be adopted for matched construction, the matching of tunnel construction machinery is improved, the safety and the quality of tunnel construction are improved, the tunnel construction is rapid, the structure is safe and high in quality, and the forked tunnels can be more widely adopted according to specific conditions.
Preferably, the coverage range of the pearl cotton is from the arch springing to 22.5 degrees above the arch raising line.
Preferably, the thickness of the pearl cotton is 5 cm.
Preferably, in the step 5, when the second tunnel 2 is constructed, the tunnel face of the second tunnel 2 is secondarily lined behind the first tunnel 1 by not less than 50 m.
Preferably, before the second tunnel 2 is constructed in the step 5, blasting vibration monitoring is arranged on the secondary lining layer 8 of the first tunnel 1, so that the blasting vibration rate is not more than 15cm/s, and blasting parameters can be determined according to field experiments.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A tunnel structure comprising a first tunnel (1) and a second tunnel (2) arranged side by side with the first tunnel (1), characterized in that,
the damping support further comprises an initial supporting layer (3), a first anchor rod (4), a second anchor rod (5), a third anchor rod (6), a damping plate (7) and a secondary lining layer (8);
the first anchor rod (4) is arranged on the outer side of the tunnel center line of the first tunnel (1) and the outer side of the tunnel center line of the second tunnel (2), one end of the first anchor rod (4) is connected with the initial supporting layer (3), and the other end of the first anchor rod is inserted into surrounding rock;
the second anchor rods (5) are arranged on the inner side of the tunnel center line of the first tunnel (1) and the inner side of the tunnel center line of the second tunnel (2), one end of each second anchor rod (5) is connected with the initial supporting layer (3), and the other end of each second anchor rod is inserted into surrounding rock;
the third anchor rod (6) is arranged at the junction of the first tunnel (1) and the second tunnel (2), one end of the third anchor rod (6) is connected with the initial supporting layer (3) of the first tunnel (1), and the other end of the third anchor rod is connected with the initial supporting layer (3) of the second tunnel (2);
the damping plate (7) is arranged between the initial supporting layer (3) and the secondary lining layer (8).
2. A tunnel structure according to claim 1, characterised in that the first anchor rods (4) are
A hollow grouting anchor rod; the second anchor rod (5) is
A conduit.
3. A tunnel structure according to claim 2, characterised in that the second anchoring bars (5) are circumferentially spaced at a distance of 1.2 m.
4. A tunnel structure according to claim 1, wherein the preliminary bracing layer (3) comprises a plurality of bracing steel frames (31) for supporting the tunnel and reinforcement cages (32) provided between the bracing steel frames (31).
5. The tunnel structure according to claim 4, wherein the supporting steel frames (31) are connected through a plurality of I-shaped steel (34), the circumferential distance between the I-shaped steel (34) is 1m, and the connecting positions of two adjacent supporting steel frames (31) and the I-shaped steel (34) are staggered by 1 m.
6. A tunnel structure according to claim 5, wherein the reinforcement cage (32) is a three-layer structure arranged along the radial direction of the tunnel, the layers of reinforcement cage (32) are connected by connecting reinforcement (33), and the longitudinal reinforcement of the middle layer is arranged between two I-shaped steel (34).
7. A tunnel structure according to claim 6, wherein said I-section steel (34) is arranged inside the tunnel midline of the first tunnel (1) and inside the tunnel midline of the second tunnel (2); the arrangement range of the I-shaped steel (34) is located in the range from the arch springing to 50 degrees above the arch raising line.
8. A tunnel structure according to claim 1, wherein said shock absorbing panels (7) are arranged inside the tunnel midline of the first tunnel (1) and inside the tunnel midline of the second tunnel (2), said shock absorbing panels (7) covering the range of arch springing up to 50 degrees above the arch springing.
9. A tunnel construction method according to claims 1-8, characterized by comprising the steps of:
step 1: excavating a first tunnel, arranging a second anchor rod (4) and a third anchor rod (5) on an arc-shaped surface on the inner side of the center line of the first tunnel (1), arranging a first anchor rod (3) on the other side, and grouting a rock body through the first anchor rod (3) and the second anchor rod (4);
step 2: preparing before preliminary bracing, and arranging pearl cotton on an arc surface on the inner side of the center line of the tunnel of the first tunnel (1);
and step 3: the method comprises the steps that a plurality of supporting steel frames (31) are arranged along the advancing direction of a first tunnel (1) in primary supporting of the first tunnel, the supporting steel frames (31) are connected through I-shaped steel (34), and a reinforcement cage (32) is arranged between every two adjacent supporting steel frames (31);
and 4, step 4: constructing a damping plate, a waterproof plate and a secondary lining;
and 5: constructing a second tunnel; and (3) constructing by adopting a short footage and three-step method, removing the pearl wool after excavation and blasting, setting a primary support, and welding the extending end of the third anchor rod (5) with a support steel frame (31) of the second tunnel to complete the primary support and secondary lining.
10. A tunnel construction method according to claim 9, characterised in that step 5 further comprises providing blast vibration monitoring on the secondary lining (8) of the first tunnel (1) to ensure that the blast vibration rate is not greater than 15 cm/s.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113431588A (en) * | 2021-07-30 | 2021-09-24 | 中铁十四局集团第三工程有限公司 | Construction method for branch tunnel |
| CN113898371A (en) * | 2021-09-10 | 2022-01-07 | 贵州省公路工程集团有限公司 | Tunnel anchor and bifurcation tunnel proximity engineering synchronous construction method distributed up and down in space |
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