CN112680757A - Electroplating nickel plating process of electrode - Google Patents
Electroplating nickel plating process of electrode Download PDFInfo
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- CN112680757A CN112680757A CN202011449947.2A CN202011449947A CN112680757A CN 112680757 A CN112680757 A CN 112680757A CN 202011449947 A CN202011449947 A CN 202011449947A CN 112680757 A CN112680757 A CN 112680757A
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Abstract
An electroplating nickel plating process of an electrode comprises the following specific steps: (1) sequentially preprocessing the electrodes; (2) coating a layer of plating-proof protective coating on the position of the electrode to be welded, and performing pre-plating protection; (3) suspending the electrode on a hanger made of a material with good conductivity, immersing the electrode in electroplating solution of a plating tank after preheating treatment and connecting the electrode with a cathode, placing anodes at proper distances at two sides, and depositing nickel ions on the surface of the electrode after electrifying; (4) after nickel plating, removing the plating-resistant protective coating at the position to be welded to expose the surface which is not plated with nickel; (5) and carrying out post-treatment on the electrode with the protection removed. The invention protects the welding position of the electrode before plating, nickel plating is carried out by adopting a rack plating process, the protection is removed after plating, the surface of bare copper is exposed so as to facilitate the firm welding, the surfaces of other parts are all plated with nickel so as to ensure the rust prevention and the conductive quality of the electrode, and the selective local electroplating process is an international advanced process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of electroplating, in particular to an electroplating nickel-plating process of an electrode.
Background
At present, the electroplating process of power electrodes (hereinafter referred to as electrodes or electrode plates) of IGBT power semiconductor accessories of new energy vehicles and the like directly influences the firmness degree of electrode welding. In the traditional electroplating method in China, all the accessories are plated with nickel, namely, electrode plates are punched on a plate firstly, then all the electrode plates are immersed into electroplating solution for electroplating, so that all the surfaces of all the parts of the electrode plates are plated with the nickel layers, and therefore, the electrodes are in rosin joint at welding spots, even fall off, and fatal danger is caused to the safety of automobiles. As shown in the attached figure 1, the foreign similar products adopt the electroplating plate blanking processing technology, namely, nickel layers are electroplated on the two side surfaces of the plate in advance, and then electrode plates with nickel on the two sides are blanked.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems in the prior art and provides an electroplating nickel plating process of an electrode, which realizes selective local electroplating by applying pre-plating protection on a welding part of the electrode.
The invention adopts the technical scheme for solving the technical problems that: an electroplating nickel plating process of an electrode comprises the following specific steps:
(1) preprocessing the electrode formed by stamping; the pretreatment comprises oil and rust removal and ultrasonic cleaning;
oil and rust removal: putting the polished electrode into a roller, wherein 1/2 volume of oil and rust removing solution is filled in the roller, soaking for 15-35min at room temperature, and cleaning for 30-60min at the rotation speed of 70-90r/min to achieve the aims of oil and rust removal and improve the surface smoothness of the electrode;
ultrasonic cleaning: carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the electrode subjected to oil and rust removal in an ethanol aqueous solution with the ultrasonic volume fraction of 20-30% at 40 ℃ for 2-3min, wherein the ultrasonic frequency is 45 Hz; cleaning stains attached to the surface layer of the electrode;
(2) coating a layer of plating-proof protective paint on the welding position of the electrode, wherein the plating-proof protective paint is three-proofing paint or insulating paint, and can be used for protecting the welding position of the electrode before plating so as to prevent nickel ions from depositing on the surface of the welding position in the electroplating process;
(3) suspending the electrode on a hanger made of a material with good conductivity, immersing the electrode in electroplating solution of a plating tank after preheating treatment and connecting the electrode with a cathode, placing anodes at proper distances at two sides, and depositing nickel ions on the surface of the electrode which is not covered by the plating-proof protective coating after electrifying;
(4) after nickel plating, removing the plating-resistant protective coating at the welding position, wherein the removing treatment is to soak the welding position wrapped by the plating-resistant protective coating for 20-30 minutes by selecting one or more of alkaline activator solution, 108 diluent and banana water; the exposed surface without nickel plating is exposed, so that the subsequent welding and fixing are facilitated;
(5) carrying out post-treatment on the electrode without protection, wherein the post-treatment comprises alcohol washing, and the alcohol washing refers to washing the surface of the electrode once by using an ethanol aqueous solution with the volume fraction of 50%; then washing the mixture for three times by using deionized water and then drying the mixture by blowing.
For further improvement, the three-proofing paint comprises the following components in parts by weight: 18-24 parts of polyurethane, 8-12 parts of triethylene tetramine, 40-50 parts of isopropanol, 10-15 parts of ethyl acetate, 1-2 parts of titanate coupling agent, 6-12 parts of butyl acetate, 12-14 parts of rosin modified alkyd resin, 1-5 parts of defoaming agent, 2-6 parts of waterproof additive, 1-3 parts of antistatic additive, 21-23 parts of cyclohexanone and 1.7-1.9 parts of lead sulfate.
Further perfecting, the anode adopts a nickel plate with the purity of 99.99%, the cathode adopts brass sheets, the distance between the anode and the cathode is 6.5-7.5cm, and the hanger adopts titanium bolts; the preheating treatment is preheating for 8-15min at 30-36 ℃.
Further perfecting, the nickel plating solution comprises the following components by weight: 30-60 parts of nickel salt, 40-150 parts of complexing agent, 0.1-150 parts of pH regulator, 0-2 parts of brightener, 0.002-1 part of accelerator and 1000 parts of water, wherein the nickel salt is selected from one or more of nickel sulfate, nickel chloride, nickel acetate and nickel carbonate, and the complexing agent is selected from one or more of tartrate, citrate, ethylene diamine tetraacetate, pyrophosphate, ammonium salt gluconic acid, malic acid, methylenediphosphonic acid and aminotrimethylenephosphonic acid; the pH regulator is selected from one or more of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and ammonia water, and the accelerator is one or more of malonic acid, succinic acid, aminoacetic acid and propionic acid; the temperature of the electroplating solution is 25-46 ℃, and the PH is 2-5.
Further perfecting, the pretreatment also protects polishing and activation steps; polishing: the electrode cleaned by ultrasonic waves is put into a magnetic polishing machine for polishing for 20-30 minutes, so that the surface roughness of the electrode is improved, and the electroplating requirement is met; and (3) activation: and (3) activating the polished electrode for 1min by adopting a 5-15 wt% hydrochloric acid solution to dissolve an oxide film on the surface of the polished electrode and expose an active metal interface, ensuring the binding force of an electroplated layer and a substrate, and finally drying the polished electrode by blowing.
Further perfecting, wherein the post-treatment also comprises dehydrogenation and hydrophobic treatment before alcohol washing; hydrogen removal: placing the nickel-plated electrode into soybean oil, performing dehydrogenation treatment at 200 ℃ for 3-4h, naturally cooling, and wiping off floating oil; hydrophobic treatment: carrying out hydrophobic treatment on the surface of the nickel-plated layer of the electrode after the dehydrogenation treatment by using a hydrophobic solution containing 8-10% of a water repellent by mass fraction; the water repellent is BH-103.
Further perfecting, 2.5-3ml/L of nickel plating nano additive is added in each liter of electroplating solution in the step (3).
And (4) further perfecting, namely putting the electrode subjected to nickel plating in the step (3) into a gold immersion liquid for immersion, and forming a gold immersion layer with the thickness of 0.035-0.045 mu m on the surface of the nickel layer to protect the nickel layer from being oxidized.
Further perfection, the oil and rust removing solution contains: 2.5-3.5g/L of accelerant, 1.5-2.5g/L of diffusant, 2-3g/L of penetrating agent and 20-50 wt% of nitric acid.
An electrode is treated by the electroplating nickel plating process. The electrode is an IGBT power semiconductor accessory power electrode and is made of a copper material, the part needing to be welded is two bent welding pins, the range covered by the anti-plating protective coating is a section of position with the tail end of the welding pin being 6-10mm inward, and a hanging hole for a titanium bolt to pass through and an IGBT chip fixing hole are formed in the electrode.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention uses the plating-proof protective coating to protect the welding position of the electrode within the range of 6-10mm before plating, then uses the rack plating process to carry out nickel plating, removes the protection after plating, and exposes the surface of bare copper, thus the welding pin of the electrode can keep the bare copper state after plating, so as to be convenient for firm welding, and the surfaces of other parts are all plated with nickel, so as to ensure the rust prevention and the conductive quality of the electrode, and the selective local electroplating process is an international advanced process.
2. The invention carries out pretreatment such as polishing, oil and rust removal, ultrasonic cleaning and activation on the electrode before nickel plating, improves the quality of a nickel plating layer, and improves the roughness of the surface of the electrode by polishing the electrode on a magnetic polishing machine so as to facilitate the adhesion of a plating layer; and finally, an activation process is added, the oxide film on the surface of the electrode is damaged by hydrochloric acid, and the quality of the subsequent electroplating surface is improved.
3. The invention adopts mild dehydrogenation and hydrophobic treatment on the electrode after nickel plating, the dehydrogenation treatment can avoid the hydrogen embrittlement phenomenon of the electrode, the air tightness of the nickel plating layer is improved, and the hydrophobic treatment adopts a water repellent agent BH-103, so that the water resistance and the corrosion resistance of the plating layer can be improved.
4. The three-proofing paint prepared by the invention is reasonable in proportion, the performance of the surface of an electrode can be improved, the polyurethane, the titanate coupling agent, the rosin modified alkyd resin and the defoaming agent are compounded for use, the insulating capability of a paint film can be improved, the paint film has non-wetting property due to the addition of the nano waterproof additive and the antistatic additive, the sealing effect is good, electric leakage is prevented, a good insulating effect is achieved, and the situation that a nickel layer is plated on a welding pin can be effectively avoided in the process of rack plating nickel plating of the electrode is ensured.
5. The nickel plating solution prepared according to the invention has strong binding force between the nickel layer and the copper-based electrode, high hardness, fineness, brightness and good wear resistance. The plating solution is added with the nickel plating nano additive, so that the nickel plating layer is compact, the crystallization is refined, the porosity is reduced, and the corrosion resistance is improved by 1-3 levels.
6. After the electrode is plated with nickel, a gold leaching layer with the thickness of 0.035-0.045 mu m can be formed on the surface of the nickel layer through gold leaching treatment, and the oxidation resistance of the surface of the nickel layer is improved while the welding is not influenced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an electrode structure obtained by a blanking process of an electroplated plate;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an electrode structure obtained by the nickel electroplating process of the present invention;
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated below:
the electroplating nickel plating process of the electrode in the embodiment comprises the following specific steps of:
(1) the electrode is pretreated as follows;
oil and rust removal: putting the polished electrode into a drum, wherein 1/2 volumes of oil and rust removing solution is filled in the drum, and the oil and rust removing solution contains: 2.5-3.5g/L of accelerant, 1.5-2.5g/L of diffusant, 2-3g/L of penetrating agent and 20-50 wt% of nitric acid. The reasonable proportion of the accelerant, the diffusant and the penetrating agent can accelerate the dissolution of oil stains on the surface of the electrode, the nitric acid can effectively remove rust stains and oxides on the surface of the electrode, the electrode is soaked for 15-35min at room temperature and cleaned for 30-60min at the rotating speed of 70-90r/min, the purposes of oil removal and rust removal are achieved, and the smoothness of the surface of the electrode is improved;
ultrasonic cleaning: carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the electrode subjected to oil and rust removal in an ethanol aqueous solution with the ultrasonic volume fraction of 20-30% at 40 ℃ for 2-3min, wherein the ultrasonic frequency is 45 Hz; cleaning stains attached to the surface layer of the electrode;
polishing: the electrode cleaned by ultrasonic waves is put into a magnetic polishing machine for polishing for 20-30 minutes, the surface roughness of the electrode is improved, the surface roughness is improved to more than 0.8 while the electrode structure is not damaged, the electroplating requirement is met, and the important guarantee for obtaining good plating performance is achieved;
and (3) activation: and (3) activating the polished electrode for 1min by adopting a 5-15 wt% hydrochloric acid solution to dissolve an oxide film on the surface of the polished electrode and expose an active metal interface, ensuring the binding force of an electroplated layer and a substrate, and finally drying the polished electrode by blowing. The activation is used for cleaning a light oxidation layer, grease and residues on the surface and providing a wetter and active copper surface for the next nickel plating.
(2) Coating a layer of plating-proof protective paint on the welding position of the electrode, wherein the plating-proof protective paint is three-proofing paint or insulating paint, and can be used for protecting the welding position of the electrode before plating so as to prevent nickel ions from depositing on the surface of the welding position in the electroplating process; the three-proofing paint comprises the following components in parts by weight: 18-24 parts of polyurethane, 8-12 parts of triethylene tetramine, 40-50 parts of isopropanol, 10-15 parts of ethyl acetate, 1-2 parts of titanate coupling agent, 6-12 parts of butyl acetate, 12-14 parts of rosin modified alkyd resin, 1-5 parts of defoaming agent, 2-6 parts of waterproof additive, 1-3 parts of antistatic additive, 21-23 parts of cyclohexanone and 1.7-1.9 parts of lead sulfate. The polyurethane, the titanate coupling agent, the rosin modified alkyd resin and the defoaming agent are compounded for use, so that the insulating capability of a paint film can be improved, the paint film has non-wetting property due to the addition of the nano waterproof additive and the anti-static additive, the sealing effect is good, electric leakage is prevented, a good insulating effect is achieved, and the situation that a welding pin is plated with a nickel layer can be effectively avoided in the process of rack plating nickel plating of an electrode is guaranteed.
(3) Suspending the electrode on a hanger made of a material with good conductivity, immersing the electrode in electroplating solution of a plating tank after preheating treatment and connecting the electrode with a cathode, placing anodes at proper distances at two sides, and depositing nickel ions on the surface of the electrode which is not covered by the plating-proof protective coating after electrifying; the anode adopts a nickel plate with the purity of 99.99 percent, and the formed nickel layer has high purity; the cathode adopts a brass sheet, and the hanger adopts a titanium bolt; the distance between the anode and the cathode is 6.5-7.5cm, so that the nickel ions can be ensured to have a better moving range, the preheating treatment is preheating for 8-15min, the preheating temperature is 30-36 ℃, and the speed of the nickel ions deposited on the surface of the electrode can be improved. The nickel plating solution comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-60 parts of nickel salt, 40-150 parts of complexing agent, 0.1-150 parts of pH regulator, 0-2 parts of brightener, 0.002-1 part of accelerator and 1000 parts of water, wherein the nickel salt is selected from one or more of nickel sulfate, nickel chloride, nickel acetate and nickel carbonate, and the complexing agent is selected from one or more of tartrate, citrate, ethylene diamine tetraacetate, pyrophosphate, ammonium salt gluconic acid, malic acid, methylenediphosphonic acid and aminotrimethylenephosphonic acid; the pH regulator is selected from one or more of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and ammonia water, and the accelerator is one or more of malonic acid, succinic acid, aminoacetic acid and propionic acid; the temperature of the electroplating solution is 25-46 ℃, and the PH is 2-5.
And (3) adding 2.5-3ml/L of nickel plating nano additive into each liter of electroplating solution. The nickel plating layer can be compact and refined by crystallization under the action of the nickel plating nano additive, the porosity is reduced by 10-20%, and the corrosion resistance is improved by 1-3 levels compared with that of a nickel layer with the same thickness. The nickel plating nano additive makes the nickel layer deposited by nickel ions compact and fine, has the function of the nano additive in the nickel plating process, greatly improves the corrosion resistance of the nickel layer, but cannot be co-deposited with nickel. And (4) putting the electrode plated with nickel in the step (4) into a gold dipping solution for dipping, and forming a gold dipping layer with the thickness of 0.035-0.045 mu m on the surface of the nickel layer to only protect the nickel layer from being oxidized.
(4) After nickel plating, removing the plating-resistant protective coating at the welding position, wherein the removing treatment is to soak the welding position wrapped by the plating-resistant protective coating for 20-30 minutes by selecting one or more of alkaline activator solution, 108 diluent and banana water; the exposed surface without nickel plating is exposed, so that subsequent welding and fixing are facilitated, the electrode cannot be broken and fall off at a welding spot, and the safety of the automobile is improved. Compared with the blanking processing technology of the electroplating plate of the same kind of foreign products, the side surface of the electrode after the nickel plating technology is covered with the nickel layer, which is not exposed and is not easy to cause oxidation and rust;
(5) the electrode from which the protection is removed is subjected to post-treatment,
hydrogen removal: placing the nickel-plated electrode into soybean oil, performing dehydrogenation treatment at 200 ℃ for 3-4h, naturally cooling, and wiping off floating oil; the hydrogen removing treatment can remove hydrogen ions in the electrode, so that the defect of hydrogen embrittlement is avoided, and the nickel layer can be prevented from cracking;
hydrophobic treatment: carrying out hydrophobic treatment on the surface of the nickel-plated layer of the electrode after the dehydrogenation treatment by using a hydrophobic solution containing 8-10% of a water repellent by mass fraction; the water repellent is BH-103, a BH water repellent film layer can be formed, the water repellent performance and the corrosion resistance of the nickel layer are effectively improved, and water drops flow away on the surface without leaving traces.
Alcohol washing: cleaning the surface of the electrode once by using an ethanol water solution with the volume fraction of 50%; excess water repellent and other residues are removed.
Then washing the mixture for three times by using deionized water and then drying the mixture by blowing. The deionized water can remove ionic impurities on the nickel layer, the surface is purer, and electrochemical corrosion is not easy to cause.
While the invention has been shown and described with reference to a preferred embodiment, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form and detail may be made therein without departing from the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. An electroplating nickel plating process of an electrode is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
(1) pretreating the electrode; the pretreatment comprises oil and rust removal and ultrasonic cleaning;
oil and rust removal: putting the polished electrode into a roller, wherein 1/2 volume of oil and rust removing solution is filled in the roller, soaking for 15-35min at room temperature, and cleaning for 30-60min at the rotation speed of 70-90r/min to achieve the aims of oil and rust removal and improve the surface smoothness of the electrode;
ultrasonic cleaning: carrying out ultrasonic treatment on the electrode subjected to oil and rust removal in an ethanol aqueous solution with the ultrasonic volume fraction of 20-30% at 40 ℃ for 2-3min, wherein the ultrasonic frequency is 45 Hz; cleaning stains attached to the surface layer of the electrode;
(2) coating a layer of plating-proof protective paint on the welding position of the electrode, wherein the plating-proof protective paint is three-proofing paint or insulating paint, and can be used for protecting the welding position of the electrode before plating so as to prevent nickel ions from depositing on the surface of the welding position in the electroplating process;
(3) suspending the electrode on a hanger made of a material with good conductivity, immersing the electrode in electroplating solution of a plating tank after preheating treatment and connecting the electrode with a cathode, placing anodes at proper distances at two sides, and depositing nickel ions on the surface of the electrode which is not covered by the plating-proof protective coating after electrifying;
(4) after nickel plating, removing the plating-resistant protective coating at the welding position, wherein the removing treatment is to soak the welding position wrapped by the plating-resistant protective coating for 20-30 minutes by selecting one or more of alkaline activator solution, 108 diluent and banana water; until the exposed surface without nickel plating is exposed, the subsequent welding and fixing are convenient;
(5) carrying out post-treatment on the electrode without protection, wherein the post-treatment comprises alcohol washing, and the alcohol washing refers to washing the surface of the electrode once by using an ethanol aqueous solution with the volume fraction of 50%; then washing the mixture for three times by using deionized water and then drying the mixture by blowing.
2. A process of electroplating nickel onto an electrode according to claim 1, wherein: the three-proofing paint comprises the following components in parts by weight: 18-24 parts of polyurethane, 8-12 parts of triethylene tetramine, 40-50 parts of isopropanol, 10-15 parts of ethyl acetate, 1-2 parts of titanate coupling agent, 6-12 parts of butyl acetate, 12-14 parts of rosin modified alkyd resin, 1-5 parts of defoaming agent, 2-6 parts of waterproof additive, 1-3 parts of antistatic additive, 21-23 parts of cyclohexanone and 1.7-1.9 parts of lead sulfate.
3. A process of electroplating nickel onto an electrode according to claim 2, wherein: the anode is a nickel plate with the purity of 99.99%, the cathode is a brass sheet, the distance between the anode and the cathode is 6.5-7.5cm, and the hanger is a titanium bolt; the preheating treatment is preheating for 8-15min at 30-36 ℃.
4. A process for the galvanic nickel plating of an electrode according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the nickel plating solution comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30-60 parts of nickel salt, 40-150 parts of complexing agent, 0.1-150 parts of pH regulator, 0-2 parts of brightener, 0.002-1 part of accelerator and 1000 parts of water, wherein the nickel salt is selected from one or more of nickel sulfate, nickel chloride, nickel acetate and nickel carbonate, and the complexing agent is selected from one or more of tartrate, citrate, ethylene diamine tetraacetate, pyrophosphate, ammonium salt gluconic acid, malic acid, methylenediphosphonic acid and aminotrimethylenephosphonic acid; the pH regulator is selected from one or more of sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide and ammonia water, and the accelerator is one or more of malonic acid, succinic acid, aminoacetic acid and propionic acid; the temperature of the electroplating solution is 25-46 ℃, and the PH is 2-5.
5. A process for the electrolytic nickel plating of an electrode according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the pre-treatment also protects polishing and activation steps; polishing: the electrode cleaned by ultrasonic waves is put into a magnetic polishing machine for polishing for 20-30 minutes, so that the surface roughness of the electrode is improved, and the electroplating requirement is met; and (3) activation: and (3) activating the polished electrode for 1min by adopting a 5-15 wt% hydrochloric acid solution to dissolve an oxide film on the surface of the polished electrode and expose an active metal interface, ensuring the binding force of an electroplated layer and a substrate, and finally drying the polished electrode by blowing.
6. A process for the electrolytic nickel plating of an electrode according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the post-treatment also comprises dehydrogenation and hydrophobic treatment before alcohol washing; hydrogen removal: placing the nickel-plated electrode into soybean oil, performing dehydrogenation treatment at 200 ℃ for 3-4h, naturally cooling, and wiping off floating oil; hydrophobic treatment: carrying out hydrophobic treatment on the surface of the nickel-plated layer of the electrode after the dehydrogenation treatment by using a hydrophobic solution containing 8-10% of a water repellent by mass fraction; the water repellent is BH-103.
7. A process for the electrolytic nickel plating of an electrode according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: and (3) adding 2.5-3ml/L of nickel plating nano additive into each liter of electroplating solution.
8. A process of electroplating nickel onto an electrode according to claim 1, wherein: and (4) putting the electrode plated with nickel in the step (3) into a gold dipping solution for dipping, and forming a gold dipping layer with the thickness of 0.035-0.045 mu m on the surface of the nickel layer to protect the nickel layer from being oxidized.
9. A process of electroplating nickel onto an electrode according to claim 1, wherein: the oil and rust removing solution contains: 2.5-3.5g/L of accelerant, 1.5-2.5g/L of diffusant, 2-3g/L of penetrating agent and 20-50 wt% of nitric acid.
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