CN112679829A - Aluminum silicate fiber waste reinforced biomass composite material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Aluminum silicate fiber waste reinforced biomass composite material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 107
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 81
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 17
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 229920001903 high density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000004700 high-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
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- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920001912 maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 12
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- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 9
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- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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- 239000004709 Chlorinated polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 6
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- CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium stearate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CJZGTCYPCWQAJB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000013539 calcium stearate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
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- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- UQLDLKMNUJERMK-UHFFFAOYSA-L di(octadecanoyloxy)lead Chemical compound [Pb+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O UQLDLKMNUJERMK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
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- XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc stearate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O XOOUIPVCVHRTMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
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- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 235000009543 Silphium laciniatum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of composite materials, and particularly relates to an aluminum silicate fiber waste reinforced biomass composite material and a preparation method thereof. The composite material is composed of the following raw materials: 10-50 parts of straw waste, 20-40 parts of high-density polyethylene, 10-50 parts of aluminum silicate fiber waste, 5-10 parts of compatilizer and 5-10 parts of lubricant. According to the invention, the alumina silicate fiber waste reinforced biomass/high-density polyethylene composite material is prepared by taking straw waste as a filler, taking high-density polyethylene as a matrix and alumina silicate fiber waste as a reinforcement through injection molding, so that the waste is fully utilized, the utilization rate of waste resources is improved, and good economic benefit and social benefit are further realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of composite materials, and particularly relates to an aluminum silicate fiber waste reinforced biomass composite material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Alumina silicate fiber is a high temperature refractory material, mainly containing kaolin, alumina and silica. The aluminum silicate fiber has the advantages of good thermal stability, good mechanical property, strong corrosion resistance and one-dimensional fiber form. The aluminum silicate fiber rope, the aluminum silicate fiber board or the aluminum silicate fiber blanket can be manufactured by a special process and is widely applied to heat preservation of various thermal equipment such as electric power, machinery, chemical engineering and the like. With the widespread use of aluminosilicate fiber materials, a large amount of aluminosilicate fiber waste is generated, which needs to be efficiently recycled.
China is a big agricultural country, agricultural and sideline products are very rich, the variety is many, the quantity is large, and according to statistics of relevant departments, the total crop straw yield in China exceeds 7 hundred million. In China, the utilization rate of the straws is low and only accounts for about 5%, and after the crops are harvested, in order to ensure the cultivation of the land again, a large amount of crop straws are burnt, so that a large amount of natural resources are wasted, the environment is polluted, the carbon dioxide gas in the air seriously exceeds the standard, and the greenhouse effect is more and more serious. With the improvement of the comprehensive utilization rate of crop straws, the crop straws are made into composite materials to be an important application, so that the problem that the straws pollute the environment in China is solved, forest resources and environment resources in China are saved and protected, and more importantly, renewable natural resources are developed.
How to comprehensively utilize the waste crop straws and the waste aluminum silicate fibers simultaneously becomes a difficult point; as is well known, when agricultural and forestry wastes are applied to preparing composite materials, strong polar plant fibers, nonpolar aluminum silicate fibers and nonpolar polymer materials are difficult to be uniformly mixed, and improving the interface bonding capability of the plant fibers, the aluminum silicate fibers and resin and the mechanical property of the prepared composite materials becomes a difficult point of research.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is: provides an alumina silicate fiber waste reinforced biomass composite material. The composite material widens the application range of the aluminum silicate fiber waste and the biomass waste, and has good mechanical property; the invention also provides a preparation method thereof.
The invention relates to an aluminum silicate fiber waste reinforced biomass composite material, which is prepared from the following raw materials: 10-50 parts of straw waste, 20-40 parts of high-density polyethylene, 10-50 parts of aluminum silicate fiber waste, 5-10 parts of compatilizer and 5-10 parts of lubricant.
Wherein:
the content of cellulose in the straw waste is more than 40 percent; preferably, the straw waste is one of cotton straw, corn straw, rape straw or wheat straw; most preferably, the straw waste is cotton straw. The cellulose content of cotton stalk is 42.0-45.5%, that of corn stalk is 46.5-47.7%, that of rape stalk is 50.5-53%, and that of wheat stalk is 50-52.5%.
The density of the high-density polyethylene is 0.941-0.960 g/cm3The melt index is 0.04-0.05g/10 min.
The aluminum silicate fiber waste is 80-120 mesh powder obtained by crushing waste aluminum silicate fiber ropes, waste aluminum silicate fiber boards or waste aluminum silicate fiber blankets.
The lubricant is one or more of polyethylene wax, zinc stearate, calcium stearate, lead stearate, polyester wax, ethylene bis-fatty acid amide, paraffin or oxidized polyethylene wax.
The polyethylene wax is powdery and has the density of 0.94g/cm3。
The compatilizer is one or more of maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene, maleic anhydride grafted polyacrylonitrile, maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene or chlorinated polyethylene.
Preferably, the compatibilizer is at least two of maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene, maleic anhydride grafted polyacrylonitrile, or chlorinated polyethylene.
The maleic anhydride grafting monomer has stronger polarity compared with other monomers, better compatibility effect and better performance of the prepared composite material.
The maleic anhydride grafted compatilizer can combine non-polar aluminum silicate fiber, high-density polyethylene and polar cotton stalks well by means of intermolecular bonding force to promote the incompatible two polymers to be combined into a whole, so that a stable blend is obtained.
According to the preparation method of the aluminum silicate fiber waste reinforced biomass composite material, the straw waste and the aluminum silicate fiber waste are respectively crushed and then dried; and then mixing the raw materials according to the weight part ratio, carrying out melt blending extrusion on the fully mixed materials, and carrying out injection molding to obtain the composite material.
As a preferable technical scheme, the preparation method of the aluminum silicate fiber waste reinforced biomass composite material comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing the straw waste by a crusher to obtain 60-140 mesh powder, and drying the powder in a drying oven at 60-120 ℃ for 24-48 h;
(2) crushing the aluminum silicate fiber waste into powder by a freezing crusher, and drying the powder in a drying oven at the temperature of 60-120 ℃ for 24-48 h;
(3) mixing the aluminum silicate fiber waste, the straw waste, the high-density polyethylene, the compatilizer and the lubricant in a high-speed mixer for 15-30min, wherein the stirring speed is 10-25r/min, so as to obtain a uniform mixture;
(4) and (3) putting the fully mixed materials into a micro double-screw extruder for melt blending, extruding into a charging barrel, and putting into a micro injection molding machine for injection molding to obtain the composite material.
Wherein:
the rotating speed of the micro double-screw extruder in the step (4) is 50-70r/min, the extrusion temperature, the charging barrel temperature and the injection molding temperature are 170-180 ℃, the mold temperature is 50-70 ℃, the pressure maintaining time is 5-10s, and the injection molding pressure is 5-10 MPa.
According to the invention, the waste of the aluminum silicate fiber reinforced biomass composite material is mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin, and has polar groups such as fiber morphology, -OH, -COOH and the like, and hydrogen bonds between the aluminum silicate fiber and the waste of the straw are closely related to the uniform dispersion of the aluminum silicate fiber in high-density polyethylene. The thermally stable aluminum silicate fibers in the composite material can inhibit thermal conversion and permeation of volatile degradation products in the composite and improve the thermal stability of the composite material. The strong polar reactive group is introduced by the maleic anhydride grafted compatilizer, so that the compatibility of the composite material and the dispersity of the straw waste filler are improved, and the mechanical strength of the composite material is improved.
The main components of the aluminum silicate fiber waste are silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide, the aluminum silicate fiber and the high-density polyethylene are both nonpolar, cotton stalks are polar, and the maleic anhydride grafted compatilizer can combine polar materials and nonpolar materials to serve as a bridge for connection between the polar materials and the nonpolar materials.
The proportion of the aluminosilicate fibers should be maintained within a certain range (10-50 parts), and if the proportion of the aluminosilicate fibers is too high, the proportion of the high-density polyethylene is reduced, the bonding effect of the matrix on each component is weakened, and the mechanical property of the composite material is reduced.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the biomass composite material reinforced by the alumina silicate fiber waste realizes high-value utilization of straw waste and alumina silicate fiber waste resources, and the biomass material is used for producing the composite material with good mechanical strength, so that the prepared composite material has good mechanical strength and thermal stability.
(2) The invention relates to an aluminum silicate fiber waste reinforced biomass composite material, which is prepared by melting, co-extruding and injection molding aluminum silicate fiber waste and straw waste biomass; the method provides a new way for utilizing the aluminum silicate fiber waste and the biomass waste, realizes the recycling of the waste plastics, and is favorable for relieving the current situations of environmental pollution and resource shortage to a certain extent.
(3) According to the invention, the alumina silicate fiber waste reinforced biomass/high-density polyethylene composite material is prepared by taking straw waste as a filler, taking high-density polyethylene as a matrix and alumina silicate fiber waste as a reinforcement through injection molding, so that the waste is fully utilized, the utilization rate of waste resources is improved, and good economic benefit and social benefit are further realized.
(4) The preparation method of the aluminum silicate fiber waste reinforced biomass composite material has the advantages of simple process, low cost, safety, environmental protection and easy realization of industrial popularization.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a scanning electron micrograph of an aluminosilicate fiber waste reinforced biomass composite prepared in example 3;
FIG. 2 is an SEM image of the bonding interface of the composite aluminosilicate fibers and polyethylene of example 3;
fig. 3 is a thermal diagram of the alumino-silicate fiber waste enhanced biomass composite prepared in example 3.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further described below with reference to examples.
Example 1
The aluminum silicate fiber waste reinforced biomass composite material described in this embodiment 1 is composed of the following raw materials: 20 parts of cotton straw, 30 parts of high-density polyethylene, 40 parts of waste aluminum silicate fiber blanket, 5 parts of maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene and 5 parts of polyethylene wax.
Wherein:
the cellulose content of the cotton straw was 43.66%.
The density of the high-density polyethylene is 0.941g/cm3The melt index was 0.05g/10 min.
The aluminum silicate fiber waste is 80-mesh powder obtained by crushing waste aluminum silicate fiber blankets.
The preparation method of the alumina silicate fiber waste reinforced biomass composite material in the embodiment 1 comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing cotton straws by a crusher to obtain 80-mesh powder, and drying the powder in a 100 ℃ oven for 24 hours;
(2) crushing the aluminum silicate fiber blanket into powder by a freezing crusher, and drying the powder in a 100 ℃ oven for 24 hours;
(3) mixing aluminum silicate fiber blanket powder, cotton straws, high-density polyethylene, polyethylene wax and maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene in a high-speed mixer for 15min, wherein the stirring speed is 10r/min, so as to obtain a uniform mixture;
(4) and (3) putting the fully mixed materials into a micro double-screw extruder for melt blending, extruding into a charging barrel, and putting into a micro injection molding machine for injection molding to obtain the composite material.
Wherein:
the rotating speed of the micro double-screw extruder in the step (4) is 60r/min, the extrusion temperature and the temperature of the charging barrel are 175 ℃, the injection molding temperature is 175 ℃, the mold temperature is 60 ℃, the pressure maintaining time is 5s, and the injection molding pressure is 5 MPa.
Example 2
The aluminum silicate fiber waste reinforced biomass composite material described in this embodiment 2 is composed of the following raw materials: 10 parts of corn straw, 30 parts of high-density polyethylene, 50 parts of waste aluminum silicate fiber rope, 5 parts of maleic anhydride grafted polyacrylonitrile and 5 parts of polyester wax.
Wherein:
the cellulose content of the corn straws is 47.38%.
The density of the high-density polyethylene is 0.950g/cm3The melt index was 0.05g/10 min.
The aluminum silicate fiber waste is 80-mesh powder obtained by crushing waste aluminum silicate fiber ropes.
The preparation method of the alumina silicate fiber waste reinforced biomass composite material described in the embodiment 2 comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing corn straws by a crusher to obtain 80-mesh powder, and drying the powder in an oven at 80 ℃ for 36 hours;
(2) crushing the aluminum silicate fiber rope into powder by a freezing crusher, and drying the powder in an oven at 80 ℃ for 36 hours;
(3) mixing waste aluminum silicate fiber rope powder, corn straws, high-density polyethylene, maleic anhydride grafted polyacrylonitrile and polyester wax in a high-speed mixer for 30min, wherein the stirring speed is 15r/min, so as to obtain a uniform mixture;
(4) and (3) putting the fully mixed materials into a micro double-screw extruder for melt blending, extruding into a charging barrel, and putting into a micro injection molding machine for injection molding to obtain the composite material.
Wherein:
the rotating speed of the micro double-screw extruder in the step (4) is 60r/min, the extrusion temperature and the temperature of the charging barrel are 180 ℃, the injection molding temperature is 170 ℃, the mold temperature is 70 ℃, the pressure maintaining time is 7s, and the injection molding pressure is 5 MPa.
Example 3
The aluminum silicate fiber waste reinforced biomass composite material described in this embodiment 3 is composed of the following raw materials: 10 parts of cotton straw, 30 parts of high-density polyethylene, 50 parts of waste aluminum silicate fiber blanket, 5 parts of maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene and 5 parts of polyethylene wax.
Wherein:
the cellulose content of the cotton straw was 43.66%.
The density of the high-density polyethylene is 0.960g/cm3The melt index was 0.05g/10 min.
The aluminum silicate fiber waste is 80-mesh powder obtained by crushing waste aluminum silicate fiber blankets.
The preparation method of the alumina silicate fiber waste reinforced biomass composite material in the embodiment 3 comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing cotton straws by a crusher to obtain 80-mesh powder, and drying the powder in a 100 ℃ oven for 24 hours;
(2) crushing the aluminum silicate fiber blanket into powder by a freezing crusher, and drying the powder in a 100 ℃ oven for 24 hours;
(3) mixing an aluminum silicate fiber blanket, cotton straws, high-density polyethylene, polyethylene wax and maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene in a high-speed mixer for 15min, wherein the stirring speed is 10r/min, so as to obtain a uniform mixture;
(4) and (3) putting the fully mixed materials into a micro double-screw extruder for melt blending, extruding into a charging barrel, and putting into a micro injection molding machine for injection molding to obtain the composite material.
Wherein:
the rotating speed of the micro double-screw extruder in the step (4) is 60r/min, the extrusion temperature and the temperature of the charging barrel are 175 ℃, the injection molding temperature is 175 ℃, the mold temperature is 60 ℃, the pressure maintaining time is 5s, and the injection molding pressure is 5 MPa.
Example 4
The aluminum silicate fiber waste reinforced biomass composite material described in this embodiment 4 is composed of the following raw materials: 30 parts of cotton straw, 30 parts of high-density polyethylene, 20 parts of waste aluminum silicate fiber blanket, 5 parts of maleic anhydride grafted polyacrylonitrile, 5 parts of maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene, 5 parts of PE wax and 5 parts of calcium stearate.
Wherein:
the cellulose content of the cotton straw was 43.66%.
The density of the high-density polyethylene is 0.960g/cm3The melt index was 0.05g/10 min.
The aluminum silicate fiber waste is 100-mesh powder obtained by crushing waste aluminum silicate fiber blankets.
The preparation method of the alumina silicate fiber waste reinforced biomass composite material in the embodiment 4 comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing cotton straws by a crusher to obtain 80-mesh powder, and drying the powder in a 100 ℃ oven for 24 hours;
(2) crushing the aluminum silicate fiber blanket into powder by a freezing crusher, and drying the powder in a 100 ℃ oven for 24 hours;
(3) mixing cotton straws, high-density polyethylene, waste aluminum silicate fiber blankets, maleic anhydride grafted polyacrylonitrile, maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene, PE wax and calcium stearate in a high-speed mixer for 30min, wherein the stirring speed is 20r/min, so as to obtain a uniform mixture;
(4) and (3) putting the fully mixed materials into a micro double-screw extruder for melt blending, extruding into a charging barrel, and putting into a micro injection molding machine for injection molding to obtain the composite material.
Wherein:
the rotating speed of the micro double-screw extruder in the step (4) is 70r/min, the extrusion temperature and the temperature of the charging barrel are 175 ℃, the injection molding temperature is 170 ℃, the mold temperature is 60 ℃, the pressure maintaining time is 5s, and the injection molding pressure is 5 MPa.
Example 5
The alumina silicate fiber waste reinforced biomass composite material described in this embodiment 5 is composed of the following raw materials: 20 parts of waste aluminum silicate fiberboard, 30 parts of cotton stalk, 30 parts of high-density polyethylene, 4 parts of maleic anhydride grafted polyacrylonitrile, 3 parts of maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene, 3 parts of chlorinated polyethylene, 4 parts of PE wax, 3 parts of polyester wax and 3 parts of oxidized polyethylene wax.
Wherein:
the cellulose content of the cotton straw was 43.66%.
The density of the high-density polyethylene is 0.960g/cm3The melt index was 0.05g/10 min.
The aluminum silicate fiber waste is 120-mesh powder obtained by crushing waste aluminum silicate fiber boards.
The preparation method of the aluminosilicate fiber waste reinforced biomass composite material described in this embodiment 5 includes the following steps:
(1) crushing cotton straws by a crusher to obtain 100-mesh powder, and drying the powder in a 120 ℃ oven for 24 hours;
(2) crushing the aluminum silicate fiber board into powder by a freezing crusher, and drying the powder in a drying oven at 100 ℃ for 24 hours;
(3) mixing the waste aluminum silicate fiber board, cotton stalks, high-density polyethylene, maleic anhydride grafted polyacrylonitrile, maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene, chlorinated polyethylene, PE wax, polyester wax and oxidized polyethylene wax in a high-speed mixer for 20min at the stirring speed of 20r/min to obtain a uniform mixture;
(4) and (3) putting the fully mixed materials into a micro double-screw extruder for melt blending, extruding into a charging barrel, and putting into a micro injection molding machine for injection molding to obtain the composite material.
Wherein:
the rotating speed of the micro double-screw extruder in the step (4) is 60r/min, the extrusion temperature and the temperature of the charging barrel are 180 ℃, the injection molding temperature is 175 ℃, the mold temperature is 50 ℃, the pressure maintaining time is 5s, and the injection molding pressure is 5 MPa.
The composite material is tested according to the national standard impact spline GB/T1843-2008 and the tensile spline GB/T1040.1-2018.
The test results for examples 1-5 are shown in Table 1:
table 1 examples 1-5 composite test results
| Examples | Tensile strength/(Mpa) | Impact strength-(KJ/m2) |
| Example 1 | 35.21 | 2.90 |
| Example 2 | 36.46 | 3.28 |
| Example 3 | 36.74 | 3.39 |
| Example 4 | 41.52 | 3.99 |
| Example 5 | 42.21 | 4.21 |
Scanning electron microscope analysis was performed on the composite material prepared in example 3, and the obtained scanning electron microscope image is shown in fig. 1, and the obtained scanning electron microscope image is shown in fig. 2, wherein the obtained scanning electron microscope image is the combined interface of the aluminum silicate fiber and the polyethylene of the composite material prepared in example 3. Most of the composite materials are biomass particles, the high density polyethylene acts as a bonding matrix between interfaces and shows good interfacial bonding effect, no obvious cracks and holes appear in the materials, and the interface bonding between the filler and the polymer matrix is good. The surface of the aluminium silicate fibres is covered with a polyethylene matrix, indicating that the close bonding with the polyethylene matrix improves the material properties.
Thermogravimetric analysis was performed on the composite material prepared in example 3, and the obtained thermogram is shown in fig. 3, and it can be seen from fig. 3 that hydrogen bonds between the aluminum silicate fibers and the cotton stalk and uniform dispersion of the aluminum silicate fibers in the polyethylene are closely related. The thermally stable aluminum silicate fibers in the composite material can inhibit thermal conversion and permeation of volatile degradation products in the composite and improve the thermal stability of the composite material.
Comparative example 1
The raw materials and the preparation method of the biomass composite material described in the comparative example 1 are the same as those of the example 3, and the only difference is that: the biomass composite material of comparative example 1 is composed of the following raw materials: 10 parts of cotton straw, 10 parts of high-density polyethylene, 70 parts of waste aluminum silicate fiber blanket, 5 parts of maleic anhydride grafted polyacrylonitrile and 5 parts of polyethylene wax.
Comparative example 2
The raw materials and the preparation method of the biomass composite material described in the comparative example 2 are the same as those in the example 3, and the only difference is that: the biomass composite material of comparative example 2 is composed of the following raw materials: 10 parts of cotton straw, 20 parts of high-density polyethylene, 60 parts of waste aluminum silicate fiber blanket, 15 parts of aluminate coupling agent F-15 parts and 5 parts of polyethylene wax.
Comparative example 3
The raw materials and the preparation method of the biomass composite material described in the comparative example 3 are the same as those of the example 3, and the only difference is that: the biomass composite material of comparative example 3 is composed of the following raw materials: 10 parts of cotton straw, 20 parts of high-density polyethylene, 60 parts of waste aluminum silicate fiber blanket, 5 parts of titanate coupling agent and 5 parts of polyethylene wax.
Comparative example 4
The raw materials and the preparation method of the biomass composite material described in the comparative example 4 are the same as those of the example 3, and the only difference is that: the biomass composite material of comparative example 4 comprises 10 parts of cotton straw, 10 parts of high-density polyethylene, 40 parts of waste aluminum silicate fiber blanket, 20 parts of maleic anhydride grafted polyacrylonitrile and 20 parts of polyethylene wax.
The composites prepared in comparative examples 1-4 were tested according to national impact spline GB/T1843-2008, tensile spline GB/T1040.1-2018, and the test results for comparative examples 1-4 are shown in Table 2:
table 2 comparative examples 1-4 composite test results
| Comparative example | Tensile strength (Mpa) | Impact Strength (KJ/m)2) |
| Comparative example 1 | 15.26 | 1.52 |
| Comparative example 2 | 18.53 | 1.86 |
| Comparative example 3 | 19.30 | 2.01 |
| Comparative example 4 | 24.32 | 2.35 |
Claims (10)
1. An alumina silicate fiber waste reinforced biomass composite material is characterized in that: the feed consists of the following raw materials: 10-50 parts of straw waste, 20-40 parts of high-density polyethylene, 10-50 parts of aluminum silicate fiber waste, 5-10 parts of compatilizer and 5-10 parts of lubricant.
2. The alumino silicate fiber waste enhanced biomass composite as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the content of cellulose in the straw waste is more than 40 percent; the straw waste is one of cotton straw, corn straw, rape straw or wheat straw.
3. The alumino-silicate fiber waste-reinforced biomass composite as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the straw waste is cotton straw.
4. The alumino silicate fiber waste enhanced biomass composite as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the density of the high-density polyethylene is 0.941-0.960 g/cm3The melt index is 0.04-0.05g/10 min; the aluminum silicate fiber waste is 80-120 mesh powder obtained by crushing waste aluminum silicate fiber ropes, waste aluminum silicate fiber boards or waste aluminum silicate fiber blankets.
5. The alumino silicate fiber waste enhanced biomass composite as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the lubricant is one or more of polyethylene wax, zinc stearate, calcium stearate, lead stearate, polyester wax, ethylene bis-fatty acid amide, paraffin or oxidized polyethylene wax.
6. The alumino silicate fiber waste enhanced biomass composite as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the compatilizer is one or more of maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene, maleic anhydride grafted polyacrylonitrile, maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene or chlorinated polyethylene.
7. The alumino silicate fiber waste enhanced biomass composite of claim 6, wherein: the compatilizer is at least two of maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene, maleic anhydride grafted polyacrylonitrile or chlorinated polyethylene.
8. A method for preparing the aluminosilicate fiber waste reinforced biomass composite material as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: respectively crushing straw waste and aluminum silicate fiber waste, and drying; and then mixing the raw materials according to the weight part ratio, carrying out melt blending extrusion on the fully mixed materials, and carrying out injection molding to obtain the composite material.
9. The method for preparing the aluminosilicate fiber waste reinforced biomass composite material as claimed in claim 8, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) crushing the straw waste by a crusher to obtain 60-140 mesh powder, and drying the powder in a drying oven at 60-120 ℃ for 24-48 h;
(2) crushing the aluminum silicate fiber waste into powder by a freezing crusher, and drying the powder in a drying oven at the temperature of 60-120 ℃ for 24-48 h;
(3) mixing the aluminum silicate fiber waste, the straw waste, the high-density polyethylene, the compatilizer and the lubricant in a high-speed mixer for 15-30min, wherein the stirring speed is 10-25r/min, so as to obtain a uniform mixture;
(4) and (3) putting the fully mixed materials into a micro double-screw extruder for melt blending, extruding into a charging barrel, and putting into a micro injection molding machine for injection molding to obtain the composite material.
10. The method for preparing the aluminosilicate fiber waste reinforced biomass composite material as claimed in claim 9, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the rotating speed of the micro double-screw extruder in the step (4) is 50-70r/min, the extrusion temperature, the charging barrel temperature and the injection molding temperature are 170-180 ℃, the mold temperature is 50-70 ℃, the pressure maintaining time is 5-10s, and the injection molding pressure is 5-10 MPa.
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