CN112672423A - Low-orbit satellite multi-beam coverage area dividing method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for dividing a multi-beam coverage area of a low-orbit satellite, which adopts an outside-in area division strategy: covering the first edge scanning circle layer, determining the scanning angle and the number of covered beams of the current scanning circle layer to complete the beam covering of the current scanning circle layer, updating the edge parameters, and covering the scanning circle layer inwards layer by layer until the covering is completed. Under the condition of meeting the channel consistency, the optimal coverage of the ground equal-flux large-range multi-beam is realized, and the overall efficiency of the existing beam forming method is greatly improved. On the basis, a clustering color separation algorithm and a depth-first search-based frequency multiplexing color separation algorithm are provided, and the problem of low mutual interference color separation among non-uniform multi-beams is solved. The work has important significance for solving the division and the beam forming of the multi-beam coverage area of the low-orbit satellite.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of satellite communication, in particular to a multi-beam region division method for a low-orbit satellite.
Background
Satellite communication has the advantages of wide coverage area, high transmission quality, flexible deployment and the like, can provide seamless connection in a larger geographical area and even a global range, is convenient for rapid networking, and becomes an important component of civil and military communication systems. Compared with a geosynchronous orbit satellite, the low-orbit satellite has the characteristics of small communication delay and the like, more than 3 satellites can be seen to avoid signal shielding, the miniaturization of a user terminal is facilitated, and the low-orbit satellite becomes an important direction for the development of the current satellite.
The low earth orbit satellite adopts multi-beam subareas to cover the ground, namely, the whole coverage area is divided into a plurality of cells, and a plurality of independent spot beams are used for covering each cell. On the basis, the frequency resources of the whole system are divided into a plurality of frequency bands, and adjacent beams avoid mutual interference by adopting frequency division or code division. Compared with the satellite communication system covered by single beam, the satellite communication system with multi-beam and frequency reuse capability can obtain higher system capacity and flexibility. Of course, the small number of cells can effectively improve the utilization rate of frequency spectrum resources, reduce the interference between beams, and reduce the complexity and hardware cost of digital beam forming.
While terrestrial communications typically employ cellular sectorization, geostationary satellites also use a multi-spot beam sectorization approach similar to terrestrial cellular communications. Different from ground communication, the satellite-borne multi-beam antenna needs to meet the requirement of equal-flux coverage, namely the signal strength of the satellite reaching each beam cell on the ground is equal. The path loss for signal propagation varies due to the different distances between each cell and the satellite. The low-orbit satellite has large communication elevation angle and large path loss difference. Meanwhile, the antenna beam is also distorted during large-angle scanning, so that equal spot beams are difficult to realize. Under the conditions of meeting the equal flux coverage and the like, the shapes of the regions are efficiently and reasonably divided, and the technologies such as frequency reuse and the like are combined, so that the utilization rate of frequency spectrum resources is improved, and the complexity of beam forming is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a whole set of method for dividing a low-orbit satellite multi-beam coverage area, forming a multi-beam directional diagram and dividing frequency of multi-beams.
The invention adopts the technical scheme that the method for dividing the multi-beam coverage area of the low-orbit satellite comprises the following steps:
adopting an outside-in region division strategy: covering the first edge scanning circle layer, determining the scanning angle and the number of covered beams of the current scanning circle layer to complete the beam covering of the current scanning circle layer, updating the edge parameters, and covering the scanning circle layer inwards layer by layer until the covering is completed.
Specifically, a multi-beam covering method for completing full coverage when an antenna array is a full array is provided;
specifically, a multi-beam covering method for completing non-full covering when an antenna array is a full array is provided;
furthermore, in order to reduce the number of layers of the circle covered by the wave beam, a subarray type multi-beam shaping scheme is provided; furthermore, in order to solve the color separation problem caused by the multi-beam forming of the sub-array, a frequency multiplexing color separation method based on a clustering color separation algorithm and depth-first search is provided.
The method has the advantages that full-coverage and non-full-coverage multi-beam coverage models are established according to coverage scenes, an outside-in region division strategy and a sub-array based multi-beam forming method are provided on the basis, the optimal region distribution and directional diagram forming scheme meeting the coverage requirements can be quickly obtained on the premise of equal flux coverage and consistent channels, and the effect and the efficiency of the existing method are improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a hierarchical overlay flow diagram;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of a layered full coverage model;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of a layered non-full coverage model;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a second circled subarray division;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a third circle of subarray division;
FIG. 6 shows the results of edge coverage in a 50 ° coverage area;
FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating coverage of different parameters Δ;
figure 8 shows the result of subarray multi-beam coverage.
Detailed description of the invention
And establishing full-coverage and non-full-coverage multi-beam coverage models according to a coverage scene, and providing an outside-in region division strategy. The full coverage is that the equivalent isotropic radiated power EIRP at any position in the coverage area meets the coverage requirement. The non-full coverage is a more engineered application requirement, as is the case for achieving 80%, 90% EIRP coverage.
By adopting a multi-beam forming method based on a sub-array, the optimal area distribution and directional diagram forming scheme meeting the coverage requirement can be quickly obtained on the premise of equal flux coverage and consistent channels;
outside-in zone partitioning strategy: covering edge beams, completing one-layer beam division, updating edge parameters, and iterating layer by layer until the covering is completed, as shown in fig. 1.
Example 1
As shown in FIG. 2, for the full coverage model, the maximum in the graphThe radius of the circle represents the maximum angle required to be covered currently and corresponds to the edge parameter thetan. Determining the first layer beam coverage as + -theta1(n ═ 1), a gain flatness p is defined, i.e. the beam width of the coverage cell is pdB coverage. From the antenna end input, one half pdB beamwidth θ can be obtained when the beam is pointed normal0pAnd half pdB beamwidth θ swept to angle ααp。
Under the condition of a full array, the wave beams are uniform, and the multi-beam area division process of full coverage from outside to inside comprises the following steps:
1) initializing the current scanning circle layer n to be 1, and inputting a parameter thetan＝1、θ0pSetting a redundancy factor delta, presetting a stepping parameter delta of a scanning angle, wherein the delta is related to scanning precision;
2) firstly, the scanning angle alpha of the nth circle layer is determinednFinding a scanning angle alpha satisfying the following conditionn：
Wherein alpha isn＝θn-θαp；
Is alphanHalf pdB beamwidth;
is the scan angle (alpha)nHalf of-delta)
pdB beam width; 3) determining the number of covering beams N required by the nth layern：
Wherein β is half of the adjacent beam spacing angle;
4) starting to prepare the coverage of the next circle layer, and updating the edge parameters
Judging whether theta is satisfiedn+1+Δ≤2θ0pIf yes, entering step 5); otherwise, updating n to n +1, and returning to the step 2);
5) further judge thetan+1The following three cases are classified into:
5-1) when 0<θn+1≤θ0pWhen the current area is divided into a whole area and a whole area, the last circle layer is covered by a beam positioned at the center of a circle, and the division of the whole area beam coverage area is finished;
5-2) when
Then, the last circle layer is covered by the beams with 4 beam tangent points at the circle center, and the division of the full-area beam coverage area is finished;
5-3) when
And then, covering the last two circle layers by using 7 beams, wherein the 2 nd from last circle layer uses 6 beams, the last circle layer is a beam positioned at the center of a circle, and the division of the full-area beam coverage area is finished.
That is, the multi-beam region dividing process is completed as long as the scanning angle α for each circle layer and the number N of beams for each layer are determined.
The redundancy factor delta is an important prior parameter, represents the redundancy meeting the full coverage, has important influence on the coverage result, and has the value range of delta
The quality of the coverage result can be observed by taking different delta values during specific operation.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 3, for the non-full coverage model, the coverage of the edge beams is also performed first, but each layer is not full coverage, but is planned as the beam tangency of each layer. The non-full coverage model is a special case of the full coverage model, and when Δ is 0, the full coverage is changed into the non-full coverage, and the two have uniformity.
Under the condition of full array, the process of dividing the multi-beam region from outside to inside by non-full coverage is as follows:
1) initializing the current scanning circle layer n to be 1, and inputting a parameter theta1、θ0pSetting a stepping parameter delta;
2) firstly, the scanning angle alpha of the nth circle layer is determinednFinding a scanning angle alpha satisfying the following conditionn：
3) Determining the number of covering beams N required by the nth layern：
Wherein β is half of the adjacent beam spacing angle;
4) starting to prepare the coverage of the next circle layer, and updating the edge parameter thetan+1＝αn-(θn-αn)＝2αn-θnJudging whether theta is satisfiedn+1≤2θ0pIf yes, entering step 5); otherwise, updating n to n +1, and returning to the step 2);
5) further judge thetan+1The following two cases are classified into:
5-1) when 0<θn+1≤θ0pWhen the current area is divided into a whole area and a whole area, the last circle layer is covered by a beam positioned at the center of a circle, and the division of the whole area beam coverage area is finished;
5-2) when
And (4) returning to the step 2, and performing the last iteration.
Although the non-full coverage is less than 100%, when θ is equal to θ as shown in FIG. 3αpBeam theta changed to a dotted lineαxThen, 100% coverage, θ, can be achievedαxThe following relationship is satisfied:
the full coverage of the needed xdB beam width can be obtained.
Example 3
The multi-beam shaping method of the sub-array type can realize the shaping of the beam shapes of different areas under the condition of consistent channels. At this time, the number of times of use of the beam channel is required to be the same, and the subarrays are divided based on this precondition.
The subarray division rule is as follows:
layer 1 (outermost layer) is arranged according to full array N1Designing as N;
number of subarrays N of 2 nd circle layer2Is divided into two halves, as shown in FIG. 4, when N is an even number, N is2N/2; when N is an odd number, dividing the N into (N +1)/2 and (N-1)/2;
number of subarrays N of 3 rd circle layer3With N2Is divided into halves, as shown in FIG. 5, when N2When it is even, N3＝N 22; when N is present2Is divided into (N) when it is odd2+1)/2 and (N)2-1)/2。
Usually three hoop layers will suffice for the covering.
Because the same circle of beams has subarrays with different arrangement forms for covering, the value of the equivalent edge parameter α 'of each circle layer and the number N' of the covering beams of each circle layer need to be recalculated, and the specific process is as follows:
1) first, the coverage parameter [ alpha ] of the full array is calculated in the manner of example 1 or example 21,α2,α3,…],[N1,N2,N3,…]And obtaining the equivalent half beam width theta 'of half pdB when the subarray beam points to the normal direction according to the antenna array topology as prior information before forming'0p；
2) Initializing the current scanning circle layer n to be 1, and setting a stepping parameter deltaAnd a redundancy factor Δ; the coverage strategy of the circle 1 layer is not changed, the current circle 1 layer is assigned by utilizing the parameters of the circle 1 layer obtained in the mode of the embodiment 1 or the embodiment 2, and the equivalent edge parameter theta of the circle 1 layer1′＝θ1Equivalent scan angle α'1＝α1Number of equivalent coverage beams N'1＝N1；
3) The beam width of the subarray of the layer of the circle 2 is not changed much in one dimension compared with the beam width of the subarray of the circle 2, the beam width of the subarray of the other dimension is about twice as large as the beam width of the subarray of the circle 2, and the beam shape is an ellipse with the ratio of the long axis to the short axis being 2; the coverage area of the 2 nd circle is the positions of the 2 nd circle layer and the 3 rd circle layer of the full array strategy, then
And because the four subarrays are divided, then
Determining a scan angle α'2Half pdB beamwidth
Then calculating edge parameters
4) Preparing the subarray coverage of the layer of the 3 rd circle, which is equivalent to the 4 th to 6 th circles of the original coverage, and updating the equivalent edge parameters
Prepared from theta'3And theta'0pAnd (3) comparison:
when 0 is present<θ′3≤θ′0pThen, the last 1 central beam is needed to cover;
when in use
Then, the last 4 beams are needed to cover;
when in use
When, the last 7 beams are needed to cover.
Since the embodiment 3 uses the non-uniform beams, in order to solve the problem of color separation between the non-uniform beams, the embodiment uses a clustering color separation algorithm and a frequency multiplexing color separation algorithm based on depth-first search.
The clustering color separation algorithm has the following three characteristics: defining a distance measurement between beams as a similarity measurement between multiple beams; determining a criterion function for evaluating the quality of the clustering result; given a certain initial classification, the best clustering result of extreme values of the criterion function is obtained according to an iterative algorithm. The specific process is as follows:
distance matrix A defining the carrier-to-interference ratio C/I of a beamn×mWherein
Wherein n and m are the size of the array, PiFor a given beam power, i.e. the antenna gain, P, of the beamjFor a given co-channel beam power of a beam, a is expressed in dB.
Setting a classification target, wherein each color interval threshold value meets the condition that C/I is more than or equal to xi;
numbering all beams x1,x2,…,xnSelecting ω1＝{x1I.e. the beam # 1 falls under the first color ω1；
According to the distance A between two beams21If A is21When x is more than xi, x is2Fall under omega1Otherwise, establishing new class omega2＝{x2}；
When a step turns to xlWhen this is true, suppose that class k has already formed at that time, i.e., ω1,ω2,…,ωkCalculating the distance to each class, and taking the minimum distance min in a certain classkThen, the maximum max (min) of each class is takenk) If max (min)k) ≧ ζ, xlFall into the kth class, otherwise, x islEstablishing a new k + 1-th class, i.e., ωk+1＝{xk+1}；
Based on the classification result, calculating
And obtaining final zeta 'to ensure that the relation C/I ≧ zeta' is satisfied among all the beams.
In one embodiment, the method further comprises the following steps: the color separation algorithm based on depth search converts the distance matrix A into an adjacency matrix G of an undirected graph, wherein
The physical significance of the method is that if C/I is larger than or equal to zeta, two points are not communicated, otherwise, the two points are communicated. That is, two beams smaller than the threshold are regarded as two points communicating with each other. Obviously, the two spots cannot be colored the same color, i.e., cannot be divided into co-frequency beams.
The problem is changed into a point coloring problem of a simple connected graph, the same frequency wave beams are colored in the same point, and the minimum point coloring number is the minimum color separation number. And (3) traversing the connected graph by adopting a depth-first search algorithm to obtain the optimal point coloring of the graph.
Simulation experiment
Take a rectangular grid planar array with an array size of 8 x 8 and a half-wavelength cell pitch as an example (all the shaped overlays mentioned below are developed based on this model).
Full coverage and non-full coverage multi-beam coverage models are established according to coverage scenes, and as shown in fig. 2 and 3, an outside-in region division strategy is provided. As shown in fig. 6, the 50 ° coverage area edge coverage results are presented.
The redundancy factor delta is an important prior parameter and characterizes the redundancy satisfying the full coverage, and different deltas have important influence on the coverage result. The value of the redundancy is not more than half of the width of the edge beam, otherwise, the redundancy is too large. Taking the example of covering 50 °, the result of covering with different Δ is shown in fig. 7. Δ ═ 0.5, NGeneral assembly＝92；Δ＝0.5，NGeneral assembly＝92；Δ＝1，NGeneral assembly＝82；Δ＝1.5，NGeneral assembly＝78；Δ＝2，NGeneral assembly＝76；Δ＝2.5，NGeneral assembly＝77；Δ＝3，NGeneral assembly＝78；Δ＝0，NGeneral assembly45. As Δ increases, NGeneral assemblyBecomes smaller but the number of layers required increases, and when Δ increases to a certain value, an inflection point appears, and when Δ continues to increase, NGeneral assemblyBut rather becomes larger. At this time, there is a critical optimum Δ, i.e., Δopt，Δopt＝2。
In the ground mobile communication and high orbit satellite multi-beam, cellular networks, namely equal spot beam width models, are mostly adopted in the zoning strategy. The cells are arranged in regular hexagonal (cellular) order until the whole area is covered. The number of cells required for full coverage of 50 ° is 91, and 15 more beams are obtained compared with the number of beams obtained when the full coverage model Δ is 2 in this embodiment. The outside-in layered full coverage model reduces the number of multi-beam coverage.
For the multi-beam shaping method of the sub-array type, under the condition of consistent channels, the shaping of the beam shapes in different areas is realized. Taking the example of covering 50 °, the second turn is covered by a combination of forward and forward diagonal divisions as shown in fig. 4, and the result of the covering is shown in fig. 8. By combining the oblique division and the forward division, the beam coverage area has no obvious advantage, but the C/I problem is more advantageous, and the beam shape is closer to the target area. When a 50-degree area is covered, the coverage rate of the two areas is 100 percent; when covering a 55 ° area, the positive slope coverage is 87%, and the positive division coverage is 88%. Therefore, this method is not suitable for full coverage, which greatly increases the number of beams, contrary to the original intention of decreasing the number of beams in the sub-array.
Taking the subarray type multi-beam coverage as an example, according to the clustering and color separation algorithm, ζ is set to be 10dB, and 12 colors are required in total for the color separation result when the coverage is 50 °. When the coverage angles are 50 ° and 55 °, as the threshold ζ increases, the number of color separations required becomes larger; the same number of beams covers a larger range because the beams are further apart and require fewer separations.
If the minimum color separation number is obtained by directly adopting a color separation algorithm based on depth, the algorithm takes too long time, and an initial solution obtained by a clustering color separation algorithm is used as prior information to pre-classify all points (beams). The prior information is as visualized, all wave beams are divided into three groups, namely an outer ring, a middle ring and an inner ring, and then the optimal color separation number is obtained through a depth-first search algorithm.
Claims (6)
1. A method for dividing a low-orbit satellite multi-beam coverage area is characterized in that an outside-in area division strategy is adopted: covering the first edge scanning circle layer, determining the scanning angle and the number of covered beams of the current scanning circle layer to complete the beam covering of the current scanning circle layer, updating the edge parameters, and covering the scanning circle layer inwards layer by layer until the covering is completed.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein when the antenna array is a full array, the step of performing beam coverage comprises:
1) initializing the current scanning circle layer n to be 1, and setting an edge parameter thetan＝1Half pdB beamwidth θ with beam pointing normal0pP is a preset gain flatness; setting a redundancy factor delta and presetting a stepping parameter delta of a scanning angle;
2) firstly, the scanning angle alpha of the nth circle layer is determinednFinding a scanning angle alpha satisfying the following conditionn：
Wherein alpha isn＝θn-θαp；
To a scanning angle alphanHalf pdB beamwidth;
is the scan angle (alpha)n- δ) half pdB beamwidth;
3) determining nth turn layer requirementsNumber of covered beams Nn：
Wherein β is half of the adjacent beam spacing angle;
4) starting to prepare the coverage of the next circle layer, and updating the edge parameters
Judging whether theta is satisfiedn+1+Δ≤2θ0pIf yes, entering step 5); otherwise, updating n to n +1, and returning to the step 2);
5) further judge thetan+1The following three cases are classified into:
5-1) when 0<θn+1≤θ0pWhen the current area is divided into a whole area and a whole area, the last circle layer is covered by a beam positioned at the center of a circle, and the division of the whole area beam coverage area is finished;
5-2) when
Then, the last circle layer is covered by the beams with 4 beam tangent points at the circle center, and the division of the full-area beam coverage area is finished;
5-3) when
And then, covering the last two circle layers by using 7 beams, wherein the 2 nd from last circle layer uses 6 beams, the last circle layer is a beam positioned at the center of a circle, and the division of the full-area beam coverage area is finished.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein when the antenna array is full and is not full coverage, Δ ═ 0;
finding a scanning angle alpha satisfying the following condition in step 2) of completing beam coveragenComprises the following steps:
Determining the number N of the covering beams needed by the nth circle layer in the step 3)n：
Wherein β is half of the adjacent beam spacing angle;
the method for updating the edge parameters in the step 4) comprises the following steps: thetan+1＝2αn-θn(ii) a Judging whether the conditions of the step 5) are carried out or not according to the following two conditions:
when 0 is present<θn+1≤θ0pWhen the current area is divided into a whole area and a whole area, the last circle layer is covered by a beam positioned at the center of a circle, and the division of the whole area beam coverage area is finished;
when in use
And returning to the step 2) for the last iteration.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the number of subarrays in a full array antenna array is N, and when multi-beam forming in a subarray is used, the specific steps for completing beam coverage are as follows:
1) firstly, carrying out subarray division, wherein the division rule is as follows:
the outermost 1 st circle layer uses a full matrix N1Covering beams by N;
the number N of subarrays for beam coverage of the 2 nd circle layer2Dividing into halves, when N is even number, N2N/2; when N is an odd number, dividing the N into (N +1)/2 and (N-1)/2;
the number N of subarrays for the 3 rd circle layer to carry out beam covering3With N2Is divided into halves when N2When it is even, N3＝N22; when N is present2Is divided into (N) when it is odd2+1)/2 and (N)2-1)/2；
2) Calculating the scanning angle alpha for completing the 1 st, 2 nd and 3 rd circle wave beam coverage when the antenna array is a full array1,α2,α3]The number of required coverage beams [ N ]1,N2,N3]And corresponding edge parameter [ theta ]1,θ2,θ3]；
3) Firstly, obtaining the equivalent half-beam width theta of half pdB when the subarray beam points to the normal direction according to the antenna array topology0′p(ii) a And then recalculating the equivalent scanning angles of the 1 st, 2 nd and 3 rd circle layers and the equivalent covering beam number to complete the multi-beam forming of the sub-array:
3-1) initializing a current scanning ring layer n to be 1, and setting a stepping parameter delta and a redundancy factor delta; the coverage strategy of the 1 st circle layer is the same as that of a full array, and the equivalent edge parameter theta of the 1 st circle layer1′＝θ1Equivalent scan angle α'1＝α1Number of equivalent coverage beams N'1＝N1；
3-2) the beam shape of the subarray of the 2 nd circle layer is an ellipse with the ratio of the long axis to the short axis being 2; calculating to obtain the equivalent scanning angle of the 2 nd circle layer
Number of equivalent coverage beams
Updating edge parameters
3-3) preparing the subarray coverage of the 3 rd circle layer, and updating the equivalent edge parameters
Then theta 'is prepared'3And theta'0pAnd (3) comparison:
when 0 is present<θ′3≤θ′0pWhen the temperature of the water is higher than the set temperature,covering the last circle layer by using a beam positioned at the center of a circle, and finishing the division of the full-area beam coverage area;
when in use
Then, the last circle layer is covered by the beams with 4 beam tangent points at the circle center, and the division of the full-area beam coverage area is finished;
when in use
And then, covering the last two circle layers by using 7 beams, wherein the 2 nd from last circle layer uses 6 beams, the last circle layer is a beam positioned at the center of a circle, and the division of the full-area beam coverage area is finished.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein when the sub-array multi-beam forming is used for beam covering, the color separation between non-uniform beams is performed by using a clustering color separation algorithm or a frequency multiplexing color separation algorithm based on depth-first search.
6. A method as claimed in claim 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that the redundancy factor Δ is over a range of values
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