CN116633404A - Combined beam forming and deployment method for double intelligent reflecting surface auxiliary communication - Google Patents
Combined beam forming and deployment method for double intelligent reflecting surface auxiliary communication Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application discloses a combined beam forming and deploying method for double intelligent reflecting surface auxiliary communication, which comprises the following steps: s1, inputting position information of a deployment area and a target area; s2, calculating and configuring the phase and power of the signal transmitted by the access point; s3, constructing and splitting the intelligent reflecting surface combined beam forming and deployment problem; s4, for any given intelligent reflecting surface deployment, calculating the phase shift of a passive reflecting unit of the intelligent reflecting surface; s5, calculating and deploying the intelligent reflection plane face position based on the phase shift of the passive reflection unit of the intelligent reflection plane in S4; and S6, calculating and configuring the phase shift of the passive reflection unit of the intelligent reflection surface based on the intelligent reflection surface position in S5. The combined beam forming and deploying method for the double intelligent reflecting surface auxiliary communication can remarkably improve the communication coverage range and the worst signal to noise ratio at the edge of the target area, and avoid the spending of channel estimation.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of digital wireless communication, in particular to a combined beam forming and deploying method for auxiliary communication of double intelligent reflecting surfaces.
Background
To further increase the data transmission rate and communication coverage of the fifth generation subsequent wireless network system and the future sixth generation wireless network system, the industry and academia are currently exploring lower cost and competitive physical layer technologies. However, in the prior art, the number of active antennas is large, so that the problems of high energy consumption, high channel estimation overhead, serious noise interference and high coverage cost of a target area are caused.
At present, in the 6G candidate new technology, an intelligent reflecting surface (also called as a reconfigurable intelligent surface) stands out by the characteristics of unique low cost, low energy consumption, programmability, easy deployment, no noise and the like. The intelligent reflecting surface changes the wireless propagation environment from passive adaptation to active control by introducing a wireless network, thereby constructing an intelligent wireless environment. The intelligent reflecting surface is a promising wireless channel reconstruction technology, brings a new paradigm for coverage design of future networks, and meets the requirements of future mobile communication.
Beamforming is a technique of controlling the phase and signal amplitude of each transmitting device with a beamformer to obtain the desired phase shift and destructive interference patterns in the receiving end. The signals received by the different receivers are combined in a suitable way to obtain the desired signal radiation pattern. In an intelligent reflector-assisted wireless system, when the line-of-sight channels of a transmitting end and a receiving end are blocked, the antenna gain from the transmitting end to the intelligent reflector can be improved by using a beam forming technology at the transmitting end.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to solve the defects in the prior art and provide a combined beam forming and deploying method for double intelligent reflecting surface auxiliary communication, which has the advantages of low cost, low complexity and wide communication coverage range.
The aim of the application can be achieved by adopting the following technical scheme:
a combined wave beam forming and deployment method for dual intelligent reflecting surface auxiliary communication is applied to a wireless communication system with dual intelligent reflecting surface auxiliary, and the wireless communication system comprises at least 1 access point with M antennas, 2 access points with N antennas I Intelligent reflecting surface of passive reflecting unit, 2 intelligent reflecting surface controllers, 1 deployment area1 target region->The combined beam forming and deploying method comprises the following steps:
s1, inputting deployment areaAnd target area->Is a part of the position information of the mobile terminal;
s2, calculating and configuring the phase and the transmitting power of the transmitting signal of the access point;
s3, constructing and splitting the intelligent reflecting surface combined beam forming and deployment problem;
s4, for any given intelligent reflecting surface deployment, calculating the phase shift of a passive reflecting unit of the intelligent reflecting surface;
s5, calculating and deploying the intelligent reflection face position based on the phase shift of the passive reflection unit of the intelligent reflection face;
s6, calculating and configuring the phase shift of the passive reflection unit of the intelligent reflection surface based on the intelligent reflection surface position.
Further, the step S1 is as follows:
the following is entered regarding deployment areasAnd target area->Is defined by the position information of:
assuming that all the position information is based on a three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system with x, y and z as coordinate axes, the height of each intelligent reflecting surface is expressed as H, and the area is deployedThe length of (2) is represented by R x Deployment area->And the horizontal distance between the x coordinate axes is denoted as D > 0, deployment region +.>The horizontal distance between the midpoint of (2) and the y-axis is denoted as c 0 Deployment area->The midpoint in the x-y plane is denoted r c ＝[c 0 ，D] T The reference point of the kth intelligent reflecting surface in the x-y plane is denoted +.> The kth intelligent reflecting surface is expressed as +.>Wherein k is {1,2}, superscript (& gt) T Defined as a transpose operation;
target areaThe length of (2) is denoted as D x Target area->The width of (2) is denoted as D y Target area->The position in three-dimensional space is expressed as +.>Target area->The position in the x-y plane is denoted as d= [ d ] x ，d y ] T, wherein ,/>
Further, the step S2 is as follows:
defining a one-dimensional steering vector function as:wherein ζ is defined as the phase difference between the signals arriving or transmitted by two further adjacent antennas or passive reflecting units, N t Defined as the size of 1 equal linear array, +.>
The wavelength of the transmitted signal is denoted as lambda and the spacing between two adjacent passive reflecting units is denoted as ψ I The number of passive reflection units of each intelligent reflection surface along the x coordinate axis direction and the z coordinate axis direction is respectively expressed as N x and Nz The elevation and azimuth of arrival of the access point to the kth smart reflecting surface are denoted as phi, respectively R，k (r k) and ηR，k (r k ) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The receive array response for the kth smart reflective surface is expressed as:
wherein k is {1 }，2}， Representing the kronecker product of the two,to be related to phi R，k (r k) and ηR，k (r k ) Spatial frequency along the x-coordinate axis dimension, +.>To be about eta R，k (r k ) Spatial frequencies along the z-coordinate axis dimension;
defined as the space of the a x b complex matrix, |·| is defined as the operation taking the 2 norms, superscript (·) H Defined as taking conjugate transpose operation, ">Defined as +.>Is a) of the transmission array response T (r c )|| 2 =m; the far-field line-of-sight channel from the access point to the kth smart reflective surface is represented as:
wherein ,β0 Defined as channel gain at a reference distance of 1 meter, < >>Defining as the distance from the access point to the kth intelligent reflecting surface;
kth smart reflector to target areaPosition in the x-y plane->Is denoted as phi, respectively T，k (r k,d) and ηT，k (r k D) a step of (d); the reflection array response of the kth smart reflective surface is expressed as: wherein ,defined as about phi T，k (r k,d) and ηT，k (r k D) spatial frequency along the x-coordinate axis dimension, +.>Defined as about phi T，k (r k D) spatial frequencies along the z-coordinate axis dimension; kth smart reflector to target area +.>Position in the x-y plane->Is expressed as:
wherein ,defined as kth smart reflector to target area +.>Position in the x-y plane->Is a distance of (2);
diag (x) is defined as each diagonal element being a diagonal matrix of the corresponding element in x,for the phase shift of the nth passive reflection element in the kth smart reflection surface, the reflection phase shift matrix of the kth smart reflection surface is expressed as A phase shift vector of the passive reflection unit defined as the kth smart reflection surface; the transmit beamforming vector for an access point is denoted asV |=1; target area->Position in the x-y plane->The received signal is expressed as:
wherein ,P t for the transmit power of the access point, x is the transmission signal of the access point, n 0 Is mean zero and variance +.>Additive white gaussian noise of (2);
c * the superscript of (a) is expressed as the optimal value of variable c; in a given deployment areaAnd target area->According to the maximum ratio transmission theory, in order to make +.>The energy of the received signal is maximum, and the optimal transmission beamforming vector of the access point is expressed as:
according to the optimal transmission beam forming vector v * And the transmit power P of the access point t The beamforming controller of the access point sets the phase and transmit power of the transmit signal.
Further, the step S3 is as follows:
s3.1, defining the intelligent reflecting surface to combine beam forming and deployment problems as follows:
for the target areaPosition in the x-y plane->The signal to noise ratio of (2) is expressed as:
wherein , defined as approximately negligible cross terms,the mutual interference of the beams generated by the two intelligent reflecting surfaces respectively can be approximately ignored, so that the original combined beam forming and deployment of the two intelligent reflecting surfaces can be simplified into the optimization of the combined beam forming and deployment of a single intelligent reflecting surface one by one;
according to the above, two intelligent reflecting surfaces are applied to cover two pairs of reflective surfaces respectivelyTwo sub-target areas equally split and />I.e. < ->Simplifying the dual intelligent reflecting surface combined beam forming and deployment into single intelligent reflecting surface combined beam forming and deployment; s.t. is defined as constrained by max x f (x) is defined as maximizing, min for the objective function f (x) x f (x) is defined as minimizing for the objective function f (x); thus, the intelligent reflection plane joint beamforming and deployment problem is expressed as:
wherein ,corresponding access point to target sub-area->Array gain of receiving points->Corresponding access point to target sub-area->Multiplicative distance path loss of the receiving point;
s3.2, splitting the intelligent reflecting surface combined beam forming and deployment problem into two sub-problems: 1) The intelligent reflection surface phase shift optimization problem and 2) the intelligent reflection surface deployment optimization problem are as follows:
the problems of the intelligent reflecting surface combined beam forming and deployment are still difficult to solve by a standard optimization algorithm; since the phase shift optimization of the smart reflective surface is similar to the design of analog beamforming or phased arrays, the original problem described above is split into two sub-problems: 1) The intelligent reflection surface phase shift optimization problem and 2) the intelligent reflection surface face optimization problem, then solving the two sub-problems step by step to obtain the lower bound of the optimal solution of the intelligent reflection surface combined beam forming and deployment problem; the first intelligent reflector phase shift optimization problem is expressed as:in this problem, r is deployed for any given smart reflective surface k The phase of the intelligent reflecting surface should be optimized such that in the sub-target area +.>Maximizing the worst array gain in the location of (a); the second intelligent reflector deployment optimization problem is expressed as: wherein ,/>The phase shift vector of the passive reflection unit of the intelligent reflection surface is obtained after the phase shift optimization problem of the intelligent reflection surface is solved.
Further, the step S4 is as follows:
s4.1, dividing the kth intelligent reflecting surface into a plurality of subarrays, so that the coverage wave width of the kth intelligent reflecting surface is larger than that of the corresponding target subareaThe required bandwidth is as follows:
first, by using the concept of array clusters, N is determined I Divided into L subarrays of equal number, each subarray having N s ＝N I L reflecting units; the spatial frequency direction to which the sub-beams of the first sub-array cluster of the kth smart reflective surface are directed is expressed as wherein ,φk，l and ηk，l Elevation and azimuth angles of the first subarray of the kth intelligent reflecting surface are respectively; the common phase coefficient of the first sub-array of the kth smart reflective surface is denoted as alpha k，l Each smart reflector subarray set is denoted +.>Each smart reflector subarray set is denoted +.>The coverage bandwidth of the L subarrays of each intelligent reflecting surface is denoted as omega L (L) covering the target area->The required angle range is denoted +.> wherein ,/>Defined as covering the target area->The minimum angle required for this is that,defined as covering the target area->The required maximum angle; dividing the kth intelligent reflecting surface into a plurality of subarrays so that the coverage wave width of the kth intelligent reflecting surface is larger than the corresponding target subarea +.>The required wave width is specifically expressed as: />From the above equation, it can be seen that: the subarray L is in direct proportion to the coverage bandwidth of the intelligent reflecting surface;
s4.2, the space frequency direction set pointed by the sub-beam of the first sub-array cluster of the kth intelligent reflecting surfaceAnd the common phase coefficient set of the first subarray of the kth intelligent reflecting surface +.>So that the array gain of the kth intelligent reflecting surface is within the corresponding target area +.>The inner approximation is equal, the process is as follows:
setting a spatial frequency intervalAs the coverage wavelength of each sub-array, while the adjacent beam direction is defined by the sub-array's spatial frequency resolution +.>Spaced apart; thus, the spatial frequency direction of the sub-arrays of the 1 st and 2 nd smart reflective surfaces is expressed as: /> wherein ,Φ1，1 and Φ2，1 Defined as the starting spatial frequency direction of the 1 st and 2 nd intelligent reflecting surfaces, respectively;
because the sub-beam of the first sub-array cluster when the kth smart reflecting surface is pointed in the spatial frequency direction phi k，l Intersection point Ω of adjacent subarrays equal to kth intelligent reflecting surface k When the generated array gain is mainly contributed by the first subarray of the kth intelligent reflecting surface, and relative to phi k，L ≠Ω k The array gain produced by the beams of the other sub-arrays is so small as to be negligible; the intersection point of adjacent subarrays of the kth intelligent reflecting surface is denoted as Ω k，t The intersection between the 1 st and 2 nd smart reflective surfaces is denoted asThus, to flatten the beam gain produced by the intersection of adjacent subarrays of all kth smart reflective surfaces, intersection Ω of adjacent subarrays of kth smart reflective surfaces k，t T=1,..>The phases should be the same, specifically expressed as:
the above equation enables the beam gain of the beam forming of the dual intelligent reflecting surface to be in the target areaIs approximately equal in all positions of (a);
according to the above, the common phase coefficient α of the first subarray of the kth smart reflecting surface k，l The method comprises the following steps:
wherein , and />
S4.3, setting an optimal subarray group L * (r k ) And the number of passive reflection units in the subarrayTo solve for the phase shift of the passive reflection element of the kth intelligent reflecting surface, the process is as follows:
first, according to the settings of steps S4.2 and S4.3,because of; thus, the optimal subarray and subarray passive reflection unit numbers are expressed as:
the initial spatial frequency directions of the 1 st and 2 nd smart reflective surfaces are expressed as:
according to the aboveL * (r k)、 and />The optimal spatial frequency direction and common phase coefficient of the intelligent reflecting surface are respectively expressed as:
wherein ,andaccording to-> and />The phase shift of the nth passive reflection unit of the kth smart reflection surface is expressed as:
further, the step S5 is as follows:
based on the phase shift of the passive reflecting element of the smart reflecting surface in step S4, the worst array gain is expressed as:
simultaneously, the intelligent reflector deployment optimization problem can be re-expressed as:
because the intelligent reflector deployment optimization is only related to the variable in the intelligent reflector deployment optimization problemIn connection with this, the above-mentioned intelligent reflector face optimization problem is further simplified as regards +.>Single variable optimization problem of (2):
wherein ,/>From the objective function of the above problem, it is known that the coverage target area is reduced +.>The required angle range +.>And multiplicative distance path loss may increase the worst signal-to-noise ratio; according to the intelligent reflecting surface position obtained by the one-dimensional search algorithm, disposing the double intelligent reflecting surfaces in a deployment area +.>
Further, the process of step S6 is as follows:
substituting the intelligent reflector face position in step S5 into the following equation to obtain the phase shift of the nth passive reflection unit of the intelligent reflector:
according to the above, each smart reflector controller sets the phase shift of the passive reflection unit of each smart reflector.
Compared with the prior art, the application has the following advantages and effects:
1) Compared with the prior art, the method avoids the problems of high cost and high energy consumption caused by the traditional receiving radio frequency link, greatly reduces the cost and the energy consumption, and remarkably improves the communication coverage and the worst signal-to-noise ratio at the edge of the target area.
2) The application provides a combined beam forming and deployment method for double intelligent reflecting surface auxiliary communication, which does not need channel estimation expenditure, only needs geographical position information of deployment areas and target areas, and compared with the existing method, the method avoids performance degradation caused by channel training expenditure, thereby improving the efficiency and throughput of a communication system.
3) The combined beam forming and deploying method for the double intelligent reflecting surface auxiliary communication is a closed solution, iterative calculation is not needed, the calculation complexity is greatly reduced, and the real-time processing requirement of a communication system is met.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and do not constitute a limitation on the application. In the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a dual intelligent reflector assisted wireless downlink communication system in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method of joint beamforming and deployment of dual intelligent reflector assisted communication in accordance with the present application;
FIG. 3 is a performance comparison simulation of embodiment 1 of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a performance comparison simulation of embodiment 2 of the present application;
fig. 5 is a performance comparison simulation diagram in embodiment 3 of the present application.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more apparent, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present application, but not all embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the application without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the application.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 1 is a diagram of a dual intelligent reflector assisted wireless downlink communication system in accordance with all embodiments of the present application. The wireless communication system includes at least 1 access point with M antennas, 2 access points with N I Intelligent reflecting surface of passive reflecting unit, 2 intelligent reflecting surface controllers, 1 deployment area1 target region->
In order to illustrate the technical progress of the method of the present application, the present application proposes a combined beamforming and deployment method based on dual intelligent reflector assisted communication on MATLAB platform, which compares the worst signal to noise ratio performance with other methods in different embodiments, where the other methods include: 1) Centralized reference method: possess n= 2*N I Intelligent reflecting surface of passive reflecting unitThe beam forming and deployment of the intelligent reflecting surface is optimized according to the proposed combined beam forming and deployment method of the double intelligent reflecting surface auxiliary communication, and 2) a distributed reference method is as follows: respectively fix two N I The intelligent reflecting surfaces of the reflecting units are positioned at the midpoints of all the subareas, and then the beam forming of the double intelligent reflecting surfaces is optimized by using the provided combined beam forming and deployment method for the auxiliary communication of the double intelligent reflecting surfaces.
Example 1
In this embodiment 1, specific parameters are set as follows:
it is assumed that all the position information is based on a three-dimensional cartesian coordinate system with x, y, z as coordinate axes, and that the access point is located at the origin. Other parameter settings are as follows: transmit power P of access point t Target area =5 dBmLength D of (2) x =10m, deployment region->Length R of (2) x =10m, deployment region->And x coordinate axis horizontal distance d=5m, deployment area +.>Midpoint r in the x-y plane c ＝[c 0 ，D] T ＝[85，5] T m, variance of additive white Gaussian noise +.>Channel gain beta at a reference distance of 1 meter 0 -30dB, number of passive reflection units N of the intelligent reflection surface I =315, the number of antennas m=64, the wavelength λ=0.125M of the transmission signal, the spacing between two adjacent antennas +.>And the distance between two adjacent passive reflection units +.>
The following specifically describes the flow steps of a method for forming and deploying a joint beam for dual intelligent reflector assisted communication disclosed in embodiment 1 with reference to fig. 1 and 2.
In this embodiment 1, the step S1 is specifically implemented as follows:
the following needs to be entered in relation to the deployment areaAnd target area->Is defined by the position information of:
the height of each intelligent reflecting surface is denoted as H, and the area is deployedThe length of (2) is represented by R x Deployment area->And the horizontal distance between the x coordinate axes is denoted as D > 0, deployment region +.>The horizontal distance between the midpoint of (2) and the y-axis is denoted as c 0 Deployment area->The midpoint in the x-y plane is denoted r c ＝[c 0 ，D] T The reference point of the kth intelligent reflecting surface on the x-y plane is expressed as The reference point of the kth intelligent reflecting surface in the three-dimensional space is expressed asWherein k is {1,2}, superscript (& gt) T Defined as a transpose operation.
Target areaThe length of (2) is denoted as D x Target area->The width of (2) is denoted as D y Target area->The position in three-dimensional space is expressed as +.>Target area->The position in the x-y plane is denoted as d= [ d ] x ，d y ] T, wherein ,/>
In this embodiment 1, the step S2 is specifically implemented as follows:
defining a one-dimensional steering vector function as:wherein ζ is defined as the phase difference between the signals arriving or transmitted by two further adjacent antennas or passive reflecting units, N t Defined as the size of 1 equal linear array, +.>
The wavelength of the transmitted signal is denoted as lambda, two adjacent passive reflectionsThe spacing of the units is denoted as ψ I The number of passive reflection units of each intelligent reflection surface along the x coordinate axis direction and the z coordinate axis direction is respectively expressed as N x and Nz The elevation and azimuth of arrival of the access point to the kth smart reflecting surface are denoted as phi, respectively R，k (r k) and ηR，k (r k ) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The receive array response for the kth smart reflective surface is expressed as:
wherein, k is {1,2}, representing the kronecker product of the two,to be related to phi R，k (r k) and ηR，k (r k ) Spatial frequency along the x-coordinate axis dimension, +.>To be about eta R，k (r k ) Spatial frequencies along the z-coordinate axis dimension;
defined as the space of the a x b complex matrix, |·| is defined as the operation taking the 2 norms, superscript (·) H Defined as taking conjugate transpose operation, ">Defined as +.>Is a) of the transmission array response T (r c )|| 2 =m; the far-field line-of-sight channel from the access point to the kth smart reflective surface is represented as:
wherein ,β0 Defined as channel gain at a reference distance of 1 meter, < >>Defining as the distance from the access point to the kth intelligent reflecting surface;
kth smart reflector to target areaPosition in the x-y plane->Is denoted as phi, respectively T，k (r k,d) and ηT，k (r k D) a step of (d); the reflection array response of the kth smart reflective surface is expressed as: wherein ,defined as about phi T，k (r k,d) and ηT，k (r k D) spatial frequency along the x-coordinate axis dimension, +.>Defined as about phi T，k (r k D) spatial frequencies along the z-coordinate axis dimension; kth smart reflector to target area +.>Position in the x-y plane->Is expressed as:
wherein ,defined as kth smart reflector to target area +.>Position in the x-y plane->Is a distance of (2);
diag (x) is defined as each diagonal element being a diagonal matrix of the corresponding element in x,for the phase shift of the nth passive reflection element in the kth smart reflection surface, the reflection phase shift matrix of the kth smart reflection surface is expressed as A phase shift vector of the passive reflection unit defined as the kth smart reflection surface; the transmit beamforming vector for an access point is denoted asV |=1; target area->Position in the x-y plane->The received signal is expressed as:
wherein ,P t for the transmit power of the access point, x is the transmission signal of the access point, n 0 Is mean zero and variance +.>Additive white gaussian noise of (2);
c * the superscript of (a) is expressed as the optimal value of variable c; in a given deployment areaAnd target area->According to the maximum ratio transmission theory, the optimal transmission beamforming vector of the access point is expressed as:
according to the optimal transmission beam forming vector v * And the transmit power P of the access point t The beamforming controller of the access point sets the phase and transmit power of the transmit signal.
In this embodiment 1, the step S3 is specifically implemented as follows:
s3.1, defining the intelligent reflecting surface to combine beam forming and deployment problems as follows:
for the target areaPosition in the x-y plane->The signal to noise ratio of (2) is expressed as: />
wherein , defined as approximately negligible cross terms,
according to the above, two intelligent reflecting surfaces are applied to cover two pairs of reflective surfaces respectivelyTwo sub-target areas equally split and />I.e. < ->Simplifying the dual intelligent reflecting surface combined beam forming and deployment into single intelligent reflecting surface combined beam forming and deployment; s.t. is defined as constrained by max x f (x) is defined as maximizing, min for the objective function f (x) x f (x) is defined as minimizing for the objective function f (x); thus, the intelligent reflection plane joint beamforming and deployment problem is expressed as:
wherein ,corresponding access point to target sub-area->Array gain of receiving points->Corresponding access point to target sub-area->Multiplicative distance path loss of the receiving point;
s3.2, splitting the intelligent reflecting surface combined beam forming and deployment problem into two sub-problems: 1) The intelligent reflection surface phase shift optimization problem and 2) the intelligent reflection surface deployment optimization problem are as follows:
the intelligent reflecting surface combined beam forming and deployment problem is split into the following two sub-problems: 1) The intelligent reflection surface phase shift optimization problem and 2) the intelligent reflection surface face optimization problem to obtain the lower bound of the optimal solution of the intelligent reflection surface combined beam forming and deployment problem; the first intelligent reflector phase shift optimization problem is expressed as:the second intelligent reflector deployment optimization problem is expressed as: /> wherein ,/>Defined as the intelligent reflecting surface obtained by solving the phase shift optimization problem of the intelligent reflecting surfacePhase shift vector of passive reflection unit.
In this embodiment 1, the step S4 is specifically implemented as follows:
s4.1, dividing the kth intelligent reflecting surface into a plurality of subarrays, so that the coverage wave width of the kth intelligent reflecting surface is larger than that of the corresponding target subareaThe required bandwidth is as follows:
first, N is I Divided into L subarrays of equal number, each subarray having N s ＝N I L reflecting units; the spatial frequency direction to which the sub-beams of the first sub-array cluster of the kth smart reflective surface are directed is expressed as wherein ,φk，l and ηk，l Elevation and azimuth angles of the first subarray of the kth intelligent reflecting surface are respectively; the common phase coefficient of the first sub-array of the kth smart reflective surface is denoted as alpha k，l Each smart reflector subarray set is denoted +.>Each smart reflector subarray set is denoted +.>The coverage bandwidth of the L subarrays of each intelligent reflecting surface is denoted as omega L (L) covering the target area->The required angle range is denoted +.> wherein ,/>Defined as coverage orderTarget area->The minimum angle required for this is that,defined as covering the target area->The required maximum angle; dividing the kth intelligent reflecting surface into a plurality of subarrays so that the coverage wave width of the kth intelligent reflecting surface is larger than that of the corresponding target subareaThe required wave width is specifically expressed as:
s4.2, the space frequency direction set pointed by the sub-beam of the first sub-array cluster of the kth intelligent reflecting surfaceAnd the common phase coefficient set of the first subarray of the kth intelligent reflecting surface +.>So that the array gain of the kth intelligent reflecting surface is within the corresponding target area +.>The inner approximation is equal, the process is as follows:
setting a spatial frequency intervalAs the coverage wavelength of each sub-array, while the adjacent beam direction is defined by the sub-array's spatial frequency resolution +.>Spaced apart; thus, the spatial frequency direction of the sub-arrays of the 1 st and 2 nd smart reflective surfaces is expressed as:
wherein ,Φ1，1 and Φ2，1 Defined as the starting spatial frequency direction of the 1 st and 2 nd intelligent reflecting surfaces, respectively; the intersection point of adjacent subarrays of the kth intelligent reflecting surface is denoted as Ω k，t The intersection between the 1 st and 2 nd smart reflective surfaces is denoted asTo flatten the beam gain produced by the intersection of adjacent subarrays of all kth smart reflective surfaces, intersection Ω of adjacent subarrays of kth smart reflective surfaces k，t T=1,..>The phases should be the same, specifically expressed as:
according to the above, the common phase coefficient α of the first subarray of the kth smart reflecting surface k，l The method comprises the following steps:
wherein , and />/>
S4.3, setting an optimal subarray group L * (r k ) And the number of passive reflection units in the subarrayTo solve for the phase shift of the passive reflection element of the kth intelligent reflecting surface, the process is as follows:
first, according to the settings of steps S4.2 and S4.3,thus, the optimal subarray and subarray passive reflection unit numbers are expressed as:
the initial spatial frequency directions of the 1 st and 2 nd smart reflective surfaces are expressed as:
according to the aboveL * (r k)、 and />The optimal spatial frequency direction and common phase coefficient of the intelligent reflecting surface are respectively expressed as:
wherein ,andaccording to-> and />The phase shift of the nth passive reflection unit of the kth smart reflection surface is expressed as:
in this embodiment 1, step S5 is specifically implemented as follows:
based on the phase shift of the passive reflecting element of the smart reflecting surface in step S4, the worst array gain is expressed as:
simultaneously, the intelligent reflector deployment optimization problem can be re-expressed as:
the intelligent reflector deployment optimization problem described above is further simplified to that related toSingle variable optimization problem of (2):
wherein ,then according to the intelligent reflecting surface position obtained by the one-dimensional searching algorithm, disposing the double intelligent reflecting surfaces in the disposing area +.>
In this embodiment 1, step S6 is specifically implemented as follows:
substituting the intelligent reflector face position in step S5 into the following equation to obtain the phase shift of the nth passive reflection unit of the intelligent reflector:
according to the above, each smart reflector controller sets the phase shift of the passive reflection unit of each smart reflector.
As shown in FIG. 3, FIG. 3 depicts a target areaIn the relationship between signal-to-noise ratio and user location. The worst signal-to-noise ratio of the method of the embodiment of the application is obviously better than that of the centralized reference method and the distributed reference method. Furthermore, the method in this embodiment improves the gain by up to 2.1dB over the centralized reference method in terms of minimum signal-to-noise ratio. This is because, after the method in this example is adopted, the target region is located +.>The user location of the edge may achieve a higher passive beamforming gain brought by its nearest distributed smart reflector.
Example 2
In this embodiment 2, specific parameters are set as follows:
it is assumed that all the position information is based on a three-dimensional cartesian coordinate system with x, y, z as coordinate axes. Target areaLength D of (2) x Respectively taking 5m, 7m, 9m, 11m, 13m and 15m; deployment area->Midpoint r in the x-y plane c ＝[c 0 ，D] T ＝[80+D x /2，5] T m. For other parameter settings, refer to embodiment 1.
In this embodiment 2, the target area is aligned each timeLength D of (2) x After taking the value, the target area is changed>Length D of (2) x Related variables are applied to the steps S1-S6, wherein steps S1-S6 are referred to in steps S1-S6 of example 1.
As shown in FIG. 4, FIG. 4 shows the worst signal-to-noise ratio and target areaLength D of (2) x Relationship between them. First, the method of the embodiment of the application is significantly superior to the centralized reference method in terms of worst signal-to-noise ratio, and its performance gain follows the target area +.>Length D of (2) x And increases with increasing numbers of (c). This is because as the target area is->Length D of (2) x In the centralized reference method, the centralized intelligent reflecting surface is in the target area +.>Is subject to higher multiplicative distance path loss; in contrast, by dividing the intelligent reflecting surface with N passive reflecting units into two reflecting surfaces with N respectively I The distributed intelligent reflecting surface of the passive reflecting unit can significantly improve the worst signal-to-noise ratio, because the coverage of the target area can be reduced>The desired angular range and multiplicative distance path loss. Thus, at a given signal-to-noise ratio threshold, the method of embodiments of the present application outperforms the centralized reference method and the distributed reference method in terms of coverage performance, especially for a wide coverage area. Second, the embodiment method of the present application is significantly superior to the distributed reference method, which demonstrates the importance of intelligent reflector deployment optimization.
Example 3
In this embodiment 3, specific parameters are set as follows:
it is assumed that all the position information is based on a three-dimensional cartesian coordinate system with x, y, z as coordinate axes. Passive reflecting unit number N of intelligent reflecting surface I 150, 200, 250, 300, 350 and 400 were taken respectively. For other parameter settings, refer to embodiment 1.
In this embodiment 3, the number of passive reflection units N for each pair of intelligent reflection surfaces I After taking the value, the number N of the passive reflection units of the intelligent reflection surface is changed I Related variables are applied to the steps S1-S6, wherein steps S1-S6 are referred to in steps S1-S6 of example 1.
As shown in fig. 5, fig. 5 plots the worst signal-to-noise ratio versus the passive reflection unit. The method of the embodiment of the application realizes higher worst signal-to-noise ratio than the centralized reference method and the distributed reference method. This is because at the worst signal-to-noise ratio, the method of the embodiment of the present application has less multiplicative distance path loss than the centralized reference method and the distributed reference method, which will helpProviding a stronger beam to cover a target areaFor example, to achieve a target signal-to-noise ratio of 18dB, the present embodiment method requires about 475 passive reflection units, whereas both the centralized reference method and the distributed reference method require about 650 more passive reflection units. This example illustrates the importance of using a flexible distributed intelligent reflector deployment approach to maximize intelligent reflector-assisted communication coverage.
In summary, the method for forming and deploying the combined beam for the double intelligent reflecting surface auxiliary communication can remarkably improve the communication coverage and the worst signal-to-noise ratio at the edge of the target area, and avoid the overhead of channel estimation.
The above examples are preferred embodiments of the present application, but the embodiments of the present application are not limited to the above examples, and any other changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications that do not depart from the spirit and principle of the present application should be made in the equivalent manner, and the embodiments are included in the protection scope of the present application.
Claims (7)
1. A combined wave beam forming and deployment method for dual intelligent reflecting surface auxiliary communication is applied to a wireless communication system with dual intelligent reflecting surface auxiliary, and the wireless communication system comprises at least 1 access point with M antennas, 2 access points with N antennas 1 Intelligent reflecting surface of passive reflecting unit, 2 intelligent reflecting surface controllers, 1 deployment area1 target region->The method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, inputting deployment areaAnd target area->Is a part of the position information of the mobile terminal;
s2, calculating and configuring the phase and the transmitting power of the transmitting signal of the access point;
s3, constructing and splitting the intelligent reflecting surface combined beam forming and deployment problem;
s4, for any given intelligent reflecting surface deployment, calculating the phase shift of a passive reflecting unit of the intelligent reflecting surface;
s5, calculating and deploying the intelligent reflection face position based on the phase shift of the passive reflection unit of the intelligent reflection face;
s6, calculating and configuring the phase shift of the passive reflection unit of the intelligent reflection surface based on the intelligent reflection surface position.
2. The method for forming and deploying combined beams for auxiliary communication with double intelligent reflecting surfaces according to claim 1, wherein the step S1 is as follows:
the following is entered regarding deployment areasAnd target area->Is defined by the position information of:
assuming that all the position information is based on a three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system with x, y and z as coordinate axes, the height of each intelligent reflecting surface is expressed as H, and the area is deployedThe length of (2) is represented by R x Deployment area->And x coordinateThe horizontal distance between the axes is denoted D > 0, deployment region +.>The horizontal distance between the midpoint of (2) and the y-axis is denoted as c 0 Deployment area->The midpoint in the x-y plane is denoted r c ＝[c 0 ，D] T The reference point of the kth intelligent reflecting surface in the x-y plane is denoted +.> The kth intelligent reflecting surface is expressed as +.>Wherein k is {1,2}, superscript (& gt) T Defined as a transpose operation;
target areaThe length of (2) is denoted as D x Target area->The width of (2) is denoted as D y The target area A is expressed as +.>Target area->The position in the x-y plane is denoted as d= [ d ] x ，d y ] T, wherein ,
3. the method for forming and deploying combined beams for auxiliary communication with double intelligent reflecting surfaces according to claim 2, wherein the step S2 is as follows:
defining a one-dimensional steering vector function as:wherein ζ is defined as the phase difference between the signals arriving or transmitted by two further adjacent antennas or passive reflecting units, N t Defined as the size of 1 equal linear array, +.>
The wavelength of the transmitted signal is denoted as lambda and the spacing between two adjacent passive reflecting units is denoted as ψ I The number of passive reflection units of each intelligent reflection surface along the x coordinate axis direction and the z coordinate axis direction is respectively expressed as N x and Nz The elevation and azimuth of arrival of the access point to the kth smart reflecting surface are denoted as phi, respectively R，k (r k) and ηR，k (r k ) The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The receive array response for the kth smart reflective surface is expressed as:
wherein, k is {1,2}, representing Cronecker product, metropolyl>To be related to phi R，k (r k) and ηR，k (r k ) Spatial frequency along the x-coordinate axis dimension, +.>To be about eta R，k (r k ) Spatial frequencies along the z-coordinate axis dimension;
defined as the space of the a x b complex matrix, |·| is defined as the operation taking the 2 norms, superscript (·) H Defined as taking conjugate transpose operation, ">Defined as +.>Is a) of the transmission array response T (r c )|| 2 =m; the far-field line-of-sight channel from the access point to the kth smart reflective surface is represented as:
wherein ,β0 Defined as channel gain at a reference distance of 1 meter, < >>Defining as the distance from the access point to the kth intelligent reflecting surface;
kth smart reflector to target areaPosition in the x-y plane->Is of the transmission elevation angle of (2)And the azimuth of the emission are denoted as phi, respectively T，k (r k,d) and ηT，k (r k D) a step of (d); the reflection array response of the kth smart reflective surface is expressed as: wherein ,defined as about phi T，k (r k,d) and ηT，k (r k D) spatial frequency along the x-coordinate axis dimension, +.>Defined as about phi T，k (r k D) spatial frequencies along the z-coordinate axis dimension; kth smart reflector to target area +.>Position in the x-y plane->Is expressed as:
wherein ,defined as kth smart reflector to target area +.>Position in the x-y plane->Is a distance of (2);
diag(x) Defined as each diagonal element being a diagonal matrix of corresponding elements in x,for the phase shift of the nth passive reflection element in the kth smart reflection surface, the reflection phase shift matrix of the kth smart reflection surface is expressed as A phase shift vector of the passive reflection unit defined as the kth smart reflection surface; the transmit beamforming vector for an access point is denoted asV |=1; target area->Position in the x-y plane->The received signal is expressed as:
wherein ,P t for the transmit power of the access point, x is the transmission signal of the access point, n 0 Is mean zero and variance +.>Additive white gaussian noise of (2);
c * the superscript of (a) is expressed as the optimal value of variable c; at a given partDeployment areaAnd target area->According to the maximum ratio transmission theory, the optimal transmission beamforming vector of the access point is expressed as:
according to the optimal transmission beam forming vector v * And the transmit power P of the access point t The beamforming controller of the access point sets the phase and transmit power of the transmit signal.
4. A method for forming and deploying a joint beam for dual intelligent reflector assisted communication according to claim 3 wherein said step S3 is as follows:
s3.1, defining the intelligent reflecting surface to combine beam forming and deployment problems as follows:
for the target areaPosition in the x-y plane->The signal to noise ratio of (2) is expressed as:
wherein , defined as approximately negligible cross terms, ">
According to the above, two intelligent reflecting surfaces are applied to cover two pairs of reflective surfaces respectivelyTwo equally split sub-target areas->Andi.e. < ->Simplifying the dual intelligent reflecting surface combined beam forming and deployment into single intelligent reflecting surface combined beam forming and deployment; s.t. is defined as constrained by max x f (x) is defined as maximizing, min for the objective function f (x) x f (x) is defined as minimizing for the objective function f (x); thus, the intelligent reflection plane joint beamforming and deployment problem is expressed as:
wherein ,corresponding access point to target sub-areaArray gain of receiving points->Corresponding access point to target sub-area->Multiplicative distance path loss of the receiving point;
s3.2, splitting the intelligent reflecting surface combined beam forming and deployment problem into two sub-problems: 1) The intelligent reflection surface phase shift optimization problem and 2) the intelligent reflection surface deployment optimization problem are as follows:
the intelligent reflecting surface combined beam forming and deployment problem is split into the following two sub-problems: 1) The intelligent reflection surface phase shift optimization problem and 2) the intelligent reflection surface face optimization problem to obtain the lower bound of the optimal solution of the intelligent reflection surface combined beam forming and deployment problem; the first intelligent reflector phase shift optimization problem is expressed as:
the second intelligent reflector deployment optimization problem is expressed as: wherein ,the phase shift vector of the passive reflection unit of the intelligent reflection surface is obtained after the phase shift optimization problem of the intelligent reflection surface is solved.
5. The method for forming and deploying combined beams for auxiliary communication with double intelligent reflecting surfaces according to claim 4, wherein the step S4 is as follows:
s4.1, dividing the kth intelligent reflecting surface into a plurality of subarrays, so that the coverage wave width of the kth intelligent reflecting surface is larger than that of the corresponding target subareaThe required bandwidth is as follows:
first, N is I Divided into L subarrays of equal number, each subarray having N s ＝N I L reflecting units; the spatial frequency direction to which the sub-beams of the first sub-array cluster of the kth smart reflective surface are directed is expressed as wherein ,φk，l and ηk，l Elevation and azimuth angles of the first subarray of the kth intelligent reflecting surface are respectively; the common phase coefficient of the first sub-array of the kth smart reflective surface is denoted as alpha k，l Each smart reflector subarray set is denoted +.>Each set of intelligent reflector subarrays is represented asThe coverage bandwidth of the L subarrays of each intelligent reflecting surface is denoted as omega L (L) covering the target area->The required angle range is denoted +.> wherein ,/>Defined as covering the target area->Minimum angle required, +.>Defined as covering the target area->The required maximum angle; dividing the kth intelligent reflecting surface into a plurality of subarrays so that the coverage wave width of the kth intelligent reflecting surface is larger than the corresponding target subarea +.>The required wave width is specifically expressed as: />
S4.2, the space frequency direction set pointed by the sub-beam of the first sub-array cluster of the kth intelligent reflecting surfaceAnd the common phase coefficient set of the first subarray of the kth intelligent reflecting surface +.>So that the array gain of the kth intelligent reflecting surface is within the corresponding target area +.>The inner approximation is equal, the process is as follows:
setting a spatial frequency intervalAs the coverage wavelength of each sub-array, while the adjacent beam directionsBy the spatial frequency resolution of the subarray>Spaced apart; thus, the spatial frequency direction of the sub-arrays of the 1 st and 2 nd smart reflective surfaces is expressed as: />
wherein ,Φ1，1 and Φ2，1 Defined as the starting spatial frequency direction of the 1 st and 2 nd intelligent reflecting surfaces, respectively; the intersection point of adjacent subarrays of the kth intelligent reflecting surface is denoted as Ω k，t The intersection between the 1 st and 2 nd smart reflective surfaces is denoted asTo flatten the beam gain produced by the intersection of adjacent subarrays of all kth smart reflective surfaces, intersection Ω of adjacent subarrays of kth smart reflective surfaces k，t T=1,..>The phases should be the same, specifically expressed as:
according to the above, the common phase coefficient α of the first subarray of the kth smart reflecting surface k，l The method comprises the following steps:
wherein , and />
S4.3, setting an optimal subarray group L * (r k ) And the number of passive reflection units in the subarrayTo solve for the phase shift of the passive reflection element of the kth intelligent reflecting surface, the process is as follows:
first, according to the settings of steps S4.2 and S4.3,thus, the optimal subarray and subarray passive reflection unit numbers are expressed as:
the initial spatial frequency directions of the 1 st and 2 nd smart reflective surfaces are expressed as:
according to the aboveL * (r k)、 and />The optimal spatial frequency direction and common phase coefficient of the intelligent reflecting surface are respectively expressed as:
wherein ,andaccording to-> and />The phase shift of the nth passive reflection unit of the kth smart reflection surface is expressed as:
6. the method for forming and deploying combined beams for auxiliary communication with double intelligent reflecting surfaces according to claim 1, wherein the step S5 is as follows:
based on the phase shift of the passive reflecting element of the smart reflecting surface in step S4, the worst array gain is expressed as:
simultaneously, the intelligent reflector deployment optimization problem can be re-expressed as:
the intelligent reflector deployment optimization problem described above is further simplified to that related toSingle variable optimization problem of (2):
wherein ,then according to the intelligent reflecting surface position obtained by the one-dimensional searching algorithm, disposing the double intelligent reflecting surfaces in the disposing area +.>
7. The method for forming and deploying combined beams for dual intelligent reflector assisted communication according to claim 1, wherein the process of step S6 is as follows:
substituting the intelligent reflector face position in step S5 into the following equation to obtain the phase shift of the nth passive reflection unit of the intelligent reflector:
according to the above, each smart reflector controller sets the phase shift of the passive reflection unit of each smart reflector.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN117200846A (en) * | 2023-09-15 | 2023-12-08 | 兰州交通大学 | Millimeter wave beam forming method and system based on train position and RIS |
| CN117792457A (en) * | 2023-11-10 | 2024-03-29 | 惠州学院 | Intelligent reflection surface method with adjustable reflection gain based on mixed unit subarray |
| CN118054828A (en) * | 2024-04-08 | 2024-05-17 | Ut斯达康通讯有限公司 | Intelligent super-surface-oriented beam forming method, device, equipment and storage medium |
| CN117792457B (en) * | 2023-11-10 | 2024-07-02 | 惠州学院 | Intelligent reflection surface adjustable reflection gain method based on hybrid unit subarray |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117200846A (en) * | 2023-09-15 | 2023-12-08 | 兰州交通大学 | Millimeter wave beam forming method and system based on train position and RIS |
| CN117200846B (en) * | 2023-09-15 | 2024-04-05 | 兰州交通大学 | Millimeter wave beam forming method and system based on train position and RIS |
| CN117792457A (en) * | 2023-11-10 | 2024-03-29 | 惠州学院 | Intelligent reflection surface method with adjustable reflection gain based on mixed unit subarray |
| CN117792457B (en) * | 2023-11-10 | 2024-07-02 | 惠州学院 | Intelligent reflection surface adjustable reflection gain method based on hybrid unit subarray |
| CN118054828A (en) * | 2024-04-08 | 2024-05-17 | Ut斯达康通讯有限公司 | Intelligent super-surface-oriented beam forming method, device, equipment and storage medium |
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