CN112670793B - Multi-frequency terahertz wave generating device based on optimized cascade difference frequency - Google Patents

Multi-frequency terahertz wave generating device based on optimized cascade difference frequency Download PDF

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CN112670793B
CN112670793B CN202011592431.3A CN202011592431A CN112670793B CN 112670793 B CN112670793 B CN 112670793B CN 202011592431 A CN202011592431 A CN 202011592431A CN 112670793 B CN112670793 B CN 112670793B
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reflecting mirror
light
cascade
ppln crystal
frequency
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CN112670793A (en
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张红涛
邴丕彬
李忠洋
袁胜
谭联
张格格
颜钤泽
焦彬哲
赵佳
孙向前
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North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power
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Abstract

The invention provides a multi-frequency terahertz wave generating device based on optimized cascade difference frequency, which is characterized in that mixed light is incident into a PPLN crystal, cascade light of each order is generated through cascade optical difference frequency effect, the cascade light of each order is incident into the PPLN crystal with a fan-shaped structure after passing through a sixth reflector and a seventh reflector, and the included angle between the cascade light of the PPLN crystal with the incident fan-shaped structure and the positive direction of an X axis is as followsθThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The cascade light generates terahertz waves in a fan-shaped PPLN crystal through a cascade optical difference frequency effect; the incidence position and incidence angle of the cascade light on the PPLN crystal with the fan-shaped structure are changed, so that terahertz waves with multiple frequencies can be obtained; terahertz wave is coupled out through parabolic mirror to change incidence position and incidence angle of cascade lightθTerahertz waves with different frequencies can be obtained, the tuning mode is simple, and the operation is flexible. By changing the polarization period distribution of the PPLN crystal with the fan-shaped structure, the Stokes cascade difference frequency can be enhanced, the anti-Stokes cascade difference frequency can be restrained, and the terahertz wave optical conversion efficiency can be improved.

Description

Multi-frequency terahertz wave generating device based on optimized cascade difference frequency
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of terahertz wave application, and particularly relates to a multi-frequency terahertz wave generating device based on optimized cascade difference frequency.
Background
Terahertz (THz) refers to a frequency of 0.1-10THz (1 thz=10) 12 Hz) and whose band lies between millimeter waves and infrared rays in the electromagnetic spectrum, is the transition region from photonics and electronics, macroscopic theory to microscopic theory. The terahertz wave is located at a special position, so that the terahertz wave has great scientific research value and wide application prospect in basic research fields such as physics, chemistry, astronomy, molecular spectrum, life science, medicine science and the like, and application research fields such as medical imaging, environment monitoring, material detection, food detection, radio astronomy, mobile communication, satellite communication, military radar and the like. Terahertz waves are mainly used in the following fields:
(1) Biomedical science
The terahertz radiation is utilized to image the tissue and organs of the human body, the information of tumor tissues can be obtained from the terahertz radiation, the early diagnosis of tumors can be made, and important basis is provided for timely treatment.
(2) Security check
By utilizing the fingerprint characteristics of terahertz spectrum, the hidden drug explosives and other dangerous goods on terrorists can be detected, and long-distance, contactless and hidden inspection can be performed.
(3) Communication field
Terahertz waves have stronger cloud penetration capability and higher energy utilization rate compared with shorter wave bands, can realize extremely high wireless transmission rate, and have hundreds of times and thousands of times faster than the prior art, and have great potential in medium-short distance high-capacity wireless communication and space communication.
(4) Environmental monitoring
The terahertz radiation can be used for detecting atmospheric pollutants, monitoring the environmental pollution degree, and judging the change of atmospheric components by detecting the terahertz radiation emitted by atmospheric molecules.
(5) National defense military
Because terahertz radiation is better than microwave directivity, the terahertz radiation can be used for manufacturing a radar with high spatial resolution, and can provide accurate positioning information in a sand-blown or smoke environment.
The lack of terahertz sources capable of generating high-power, high-quality, high-efficiency terahertz waves, and low-cost and capable of operating at room temperature is a major problem facing today.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a multi-frequency terahertz wave generating device based on optimized cascade difference frequency, which is used for solving the problems of complexity and the like of equipment for outputting terahertz waves with different frequencies.
The object of the invention is achieved in the following way: the multi-frequency terahertz wave generating device based on the optimized cascade difference frequency comprises a first pumping source, a second pumping source, a phase delay system, a sixth reflecting mirror, a seventh reflecting mirror, a beam combining mirror, a PPLN crystal, a fan-shaped PPLN crystal and a parabolic mirror, wherein the sixth reflecting mirror and the seventh reflecting mirror are used for changing an optical path;
the first pump light emitted by the first pump source, the second pump light emitted by the second pump source, and one of the first pump light or the second pump light are mixed into mixed light in the beam combining lens through the phase delay system; the mixed light is incident into the PPLN crystal, each-order cascade light is generated through cascade optical difference frequency effect, each-order cascade light is incident into the PPLN crystal with the fan-shaped structure after passing through the sixth reflector and the seventh reflector, and the included angle between the cascade light incident into the PPLN crystal with the fan-shaped structure and the positive direction of the X axis isθThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The cascade light generates terahertz waves in a fan-shaped PPLN crystal through a cascade optical difference frequency effect; the incidence position and incidence angle of the cascade light on the PPLN crystal with the fan-shaped structure are changed, so that terahertz waves with multiple frequencies can be obtained; terahertz waves are coupled out through a parabolic mirror;
the plane of propagation of the beam is defined by the X-axis and the Y-axis, and the Z-axis is perpendicular to the plane of propagation of the beam.
Further comprising a fifth mirror; the initial propagation directions of the first pump light emitted from the first pump source and the second pump light emitted from the second pump source are both positive directions of an X axis, and the direction of the beam of the second pump light reflected by the phase delay system and the fifth reflecting mirror is positive directions of a Y axis.
The phase delay system consists of a first reflecting mirror, a second reflecting mirror, a third reflecting mirror and a fourth reflecting mirror; the second pump light emitted from the second pump source passes through a phase delay system formed by the first reflecting mirror, the second reflecting mirror, the third reflecting mirror and the fourth reflecting mirror, and then enters the beam combining mirror through the reflecting mirror.
The first reflecting mirror, the second reflecting mirror, the third reflecting mirror, the fourth reflecting mirror, the fifth reflecting mirror, the sixth reflecting mirror and the seventh reflecting mirror are plane mirrors, and the angles and the positions of the first reflecting mirror, the second reflecting mirror, the third reflecting mirror, the fourth reflecting mirror, the fifth reflecting mirror, the sixth reflecting mirror and the seventh reflecting mirror are adjustable; the first reflecting mirror, the second reflecting mirror, the third reflecting mirror, the fourth reflecting mirror and the fifth reflecting mirror are used for totally reflecting the second pump light; the sixth mirror and the seventh mirror totally reflect the cascade light.
The frequencies of the first pump light and the second pump light are different; the first pumping source adopts Yb-YAG pulse laser, and the frequency of the first pumping light is f 1 THz, polarization direction is Z axis; the second pumping source adopts Yb-YAG pulse laser, and the frequency of the second pumping light is f 2 THz, polarization direction is Z axis; the frequency difference between the first pump light and the second pump light is (f 1 -f 2 )THz。
The PPLN crystal and the PPLN crystal with the fan-shaped structure are rectangular, and are rectangular in an X-Y plane, and the optical axis of the crystal is along the Z axis; the polarization period distribution of the PPLN crystals with the fan-shaped structures is different, and the polarization period is represented by lambda 1 Gradually change to lambda 2
The polarization period distribution of the PPLN crystal with the fan-shaped structure meets the condition that the phase mismatch from the 1-order Stokes cascade difference frequency to the high-order Stokes cascade difference frequency is equal to 0 step by step along the propagation direction of cascade light in the crystal.
The position and angle of the seventh reflecting mirror are changed, so that the position and the incidence angle of the cascade light incident on the PPLN crystal with the fan-shaped structure can be changedθThereby changing the size of the cascade light passing through the PPLN crystalThe magnitude of the polarization period is then used to obtain terahertz waves with different frequencies, which may be n× (f 1 -f 2 ) THz, n is a positive integer.
And the center of the parabolic mirror is provided with a small hole which only allows cascade light to pass through.
The cascade light is mixed light formed by mixing cascade light of various orders, and the frequency difference of adjacent cascade light is (f) 1 -f 2 ) THz。
Compared with the prior art, the multi-frequency terahertz wave generating device based on the optimized cascade difference frequency has the following advantages compared with the existing terahertz radiation source based on the optical difference frequency effect:
(1) Changing the incidence position and incidence angle of cascade lightθTerahertz waves with different frequencies can be obtained, the tuning mode is simple, and the operation is flexible.
(2) By changing the polarization period distribution of the PPLN crystal with the fan-shaped structure, the Stokes cascade difference frequency can be enhanced, the anti-Stokes cascade difference frequency can be restrained, and the terahertz wave optical conversion efficiency can be improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.θIs the included angle between the cascade light (13) of the incident fan-shaped PPLN crystal (16) and the positive direction of the X axis.
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a fan-shaped structure PPLN crystal structure.
Fig. 3 is a correspondence relationship between the cascade optical frequency and the polarization period Λ at the terahertz wave frequency of 0.5 THz.
Fig. 4 is a correspondence relationship between the cascade optical frequency and the polarization period Λ at a terahertz wave frequency of 1.0 THz.
Fig. 5 is a correspondence relationship between the cascade optical frequency and the polarization period Λ at a terahertz wave frequency of 1.5 THz.
Fig. 6 is a correspondence relationship between the cascade optical frequency and the polarization period Λ at a terahertz wave frequency of 2.0 THz.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, it being understood that the preferred embodiments described herein are for illustrating and explaining the present invention only and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention, and that some insubstantial modifications and adaptations can be made by those skilled in the art in light of the following disclosure. In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and defined otherwise, technical terms used in the present application should be construed in a general sense as understood by those skilled in the art to which the present invention pertains.
As shown in fig. 1, the multi-frequency terahertz wave generating device based on optimized cascade difference frequency comprises a first pump source 1, a second pump source 3, a phase delay system, a sixth reflecting mirror 14 for changing an optical path, a seventh reflecting mirror 15, a beam combining mirror 10, a PPLN crystal 12, a fan-shaped PPLN crystal 16 and a parabolic mirror 19;
the first pump light 2 emitted by the first pump source 1, the second pump light 3 emitted by the second pump source 4, and one of the first pump light 2 or the second pump light 4 is mixed into mixed light 11 in the beam combining lens 10 through the phase delay system; the mixed light 11 is incident into the PPLN crystal 12, each cascade light 13 is generated by cascade optical difference frequency effect, each cascade light 13 is incident into the fan-shaped structure PPLN crystal 16 after passing through the sixth reflecting mirror 14 and the seventh reflecting mirror 15, and the included angle between the cascade light 13 incident into the fan-shaped structure PPLN crystal 16 and the positive direction of the X axis is as followsθThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The cascade light 13 generates terahertz waves 18 in the fan-shaped PPLN crystal 16 through a cascade optical difference frequency effect; the incidence position and incidence angle of the cascade light 13 on the fan-shaped PPLN crystal 16 are changed to obtain terahertz waves 18 with multiple frequencies; terahertz waves 18 are coupled out through a parabolic mirror 19;
the plane of propagation of the beam is defined by the X-axis and the Y-axis, and the Z-axis is perpendicular to the plane of propagation of the beam.
The multi-frequency terahertz wave generating device based on the optimized cascade difference frequency further comprises a fifth reflecting mirror 9; the initial propagation directions of the first pump light 2 emitted from the first pump source 1 and the second pump light 4 emitted from the second pump source 3 are both positive directions of the X axis, and the beam direction of the second pump light 4 after being reflected by the phase delay system and the fifth reflecting mirror 9 is positive directions of the Y axis. The propagation direction of the mixed light 11 is the forward direction of the X-axis.
The purpose of one pump light passing through the phase delay system is to synchronize the phases of the two pump lights.
The first pump light 2 and the second pump light 4 have different frequencies, and the first pump source 1 has a frequency f 1 THz, the frequency of the second pump source 3 is f 2 THz。
The polarization period distribution of the PPLN crystals with the fan-shaped structures is different, and the polarization period is represented by lambda 1 Gradually change to lambda 2
The polarization period distribution of the PPLN crystal with the fan-shaped structure meets the condition that the phase mismatch from the 1-order Stokes cascade difference frequency to the high-order Stokes cascade difference frequency is equal to 0 step by step along the propagation direction of cascade light in the crystal.
The position and angle of the seventh reflecting mirror 15 are changed, so that the position and incidence angle of the cascade light 13 incident on the fan-shaped structure PPLN crystal 16 can be changedθThereby changing the size of the polarization period of the cascade light 13 passing through in the PPLN crystal 16, and then obtaining terahertz waves 18 of different frequencies, the frequency of the terahertz waves 18 may be n× (f 1 -f 2 ) THz, n is a positive integer.
The center of the parabolic mirror 19 is provided with a small hole allowing only the cascade light 13 to pass through.
The cascade light 13 is mixed light formed by mixing cascade light of different orders, and the frequency difference of adjacent cascade light is (f) 1 -f 2 )THz。
In the present embodiment, the phase delay system is composed of a first mirror 5, a second mirror 6, a third mirror 7, and a fourth mirror 8; the second pump light 4 emitted from the second pump source 3 passes through a phase delay system composed of a first reflecting mirror 5, a second reflecting mirror 6, a third reflecting mirror 7 and a fourth reflecting mirror 8, and then enters a beam combining mirror 10 through a reflecting mirror 9. The propagation direction of the pump light is not changed by the phase delay system, and the pump light can also pass through more than one of the above-mentioned phase delay systems.
In this embodiment, the first pump source 1 adopts a Yb-YAG pulse laser, the frequency of the first pump light 2 is 291.76 THz, the second pump source 3 adopts a Yb-YAG pulse laser, and the frequency of the second pump light 4 is 291.26 THz. The frequency difference between the first pump light 2 and the second pump light 4 is 0.5 THz. The repetition frequency of the two pump sources is 10 Hz, the single pulse energy is 400 mJ, the beam diameter is 1.2 mm, and the polarization direction is the Z axis.
In this embodiment, the first mirror 5, the second mirror 6, the third mirror 7, the fourth mirror 8, the fifth mirror 9, the sixth mirror 14, and the seventh mirror 15 are all plane mirrors, and the angles and positions thereof are adjustable; the first reflecting mirror 5, the second reflecting mirror 6, the third reflecting mirror 7, the fourth reflecting mirror 8 and the fifth reflecting mirror 9 totally reflect the second pump light 4; the sixth mirror 14 and the seventh mirror 15 totally reflect the cascade light 13.
In this embodiment, the PPLN crystal 12 is rectangular in shape in the X-Y plane, and the crystal optical axis is along the Z axis. The poling period of the PPLN crystal 12 was 237.21. Mu.m, and the dimensions of the PPLN crystal 12 were X.times.Y.times.Z were 40 mm.times.6 mm.times.2 mm.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the fan-shaped PPLN crystal 16 is rectangular in shape in the X-Y plane, and the crystal optical axis is along the Z axis. The size a of the fan-shaped PPLN crystal 16 is 50mm, the size b is 1.5 mm, the size c is 50mm, and the period of the grading of the fan-shaped PPLN crystal 16 is represented by Λ 1 Gradually change to lambda 2 ,Λ 1 260 μm, Λ 2 Is 10 μm.
In the present embodiment, the position and angle of the seventh reflecting mirror 15 are changed to change the position and incidence angle of the cascade light 13 incident on the fan-shaped PPLN crystal 16θThereby changing the polarization period of the cascade light 13 passing through the fan-shaped PPLN crystal 16, and then obtaining terahertz waves 18 with different frequencies, wherein the frequency of the terahertz waves 18 can be THz, and n is a positive integer. As shown in fig. 3, when n=1, the terahertz wave frequency is 0.5 THz, the polarization period variation is reduced from 237.16 μm to 233.83 μm and then to 246.63 μm. As shown in fig. 4, when n=2, the terahertz wave frequency is 1.0 THz, the polarization period variation is reduced from 117.28 μm to 115.66 μm and then to 122.01 μm. As shown in fig. 5, when n=3, the terahertz wave frequency is 1.5 THz, the polarization period variation is reduced from 76.77 μm to 75.73 μm and then to 79.87 μm. As shown in fig. 6, when n=4, the terahertz wave frequency is 2.0 THz, and the polarization period changes from 56.10. The μm was reduced to 55.36 μm and increased to 58.36 μm.
In this embodiment, the diameter of the aperture provided in the center of the parabolic mirror 19 and allowing only the cascade light 13 to pass through is 1.2. 1.2 mm.
In this embodiment, the cascade light 13 is mixed light formed by mixing cascade lights, and the frequency difference between adjacent cascade lights is 0.5 THz.
The above-described embodiments are merely examples and illustrations of the technical solutions of the present invention, so that those skilled in the art may easily understand the technical solutions of the present application, but not all embodiments, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description. When the combination of the technical solutions is contradictory or impossible to realize, it should be considered that the combination of the technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection claimed by the present invention. The basic idea of the invention is that the above basic scheme, it is not necessary for those skilled in the art and any person skilled in the art to design various modified models, formulas, parameters according to the teachings of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the general inventive concept and the principles of the present invention. Variations, modifications, substitutions, equivalents and alterations are also possible in the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and such should also be considered as being within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. A multi-frequency terahertz wave generating device based on optimized cascade difference frequency is characterized in that: the system comprises a first pump source (1) and a second pump source (3), a phase delay system, a sixth reflecting mirror (14) for changing the optical path, a seventh reflecting mirror (15) and a fifth reflecting mirror (9); the beam combining lens (10), the PPLN crystal (12), the fan-shaped structure PPLN crystal (16) and the parabolic mirror (19), wherein the polarization period distribution of the fan-shaped structure PPLN crystal (16) is different, and the polarization period is the sameFrom lambda 1 Gradually change to lambda 2
The first pump source (1) emits first pump light (2), the second pump source (3) emits second pump light (4), and one of the first pump light (2) or the second pump light (4) is mixed into mixed light (11) in the beam combining lens (10) through the phase delay system; the mixed light (11) is incident into the PPLN crystal (12), each-order cascade light (13) is generated through cascade optical difference frequency effect, each-order cascade light (13) is incident into the fan-shaped structure PPLN crystal (16) after passing through the sixth reflecting mirror (14) and the seventh reflecting mirror (15), and the included angle between the cascade light (13) incident into the fan-shaped structure PPLN crystal (16) and the positive direction of the X axis isθThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The cascade light (13) generates terahertz waves (18) in a fan-shaped PPLN crystal (16) through cascade optical difference frequency effect; the incidence position and incidence angle of the cascade light (13) on the PPLN crystal (16) with the fan-shaped structure are changed to obtain terahertz waves (18) with a plurality of frequencies; the terahertz wave (18) is coupled out through a parabolic mirror (19);
the sixth reflecting mirror (14) and the seventh reflecting mirror (15) are plane mirrors, the angles and the positions of the plane mirrors are adjustable, and the fifth reflecting mirror (9) totally reflects the second pump light (4); the sixth reflecting mirror (14) and the seventh reflecting mirror (15) totally reflect the cascade light (13);
the plane of the light beam propagation is a plane determined by an X axis and a Y axis, the Z axis is perpendicular to the plane of the light beam propagation, the initial propagation directions of a first pump light (2) emitted from a first pump source (1) and a second pump light (4) emitted from a second pump source (3) are both positive directions of the X axis, and the direction of the light beam of the second pump light (4) after being reflected by a phase delay system and a fifth reflecting mirror (9) is positive directions of the Y axis;
the first pumping source (1) adopts Yb, YAG pulse laser, and the frequency of the first pumping light (2) is f 1 THz, polarization direction is Z axis; the second pumping source (3) adopts Yb YAG pulse laser, and the frequency of the second pumping light (4) is f 2 THz, polarization direction is Z axis, the first pump light (2) and the second pump light (4) have different frequencies, the frequency difference between the first pump light (2) and the second pump light (4) is (f) 1 -f 2 ) THz; the PPLN crystal (12) and the fan-shaped PPLN crystal (16) are rectangular, the X-Y plane is rectangular, the optical axis of the crystal is along the Z axis, the polarization period of the PPLN crystal is 237.21 mu m, and the size of the PPLN crystal is X Y X Z40 mm X6 mm X2 mm; the PPLN crystal with the fan-shaped structure is cuboid, is rectangular in an X-Y plane, the optical axis of the crystal is along a Z axis, and the grading period of the PPLN crystal with the fan-shaped structure is represented by Λ 1 Gradually change to lambda 2 ,Λ 1 260 μm, Λ 2 The polarization period distribution is 10 mu m, so that the phase mismatch from 1-order Stokes cascade difference frequency to high-order Stokes cascade difference frequency is equal to 0 step by step along the propagation direction of cascade light in a crystal;
the parabolic mirror (19) is provided with a small hole at the center for allowing only the cascade light (13) to pass through, the cascade light (13) is mixed light formed by mixing cascade lights, and the frequency difference of adjacent cascade lights is (f) 1 -f 2 )THz;
The position and angle of the seventh reflecting mirror (15) are changed, so that the position and the incidence angle of the cascade light (13) entering the fan-shaped structure PPLN crystal (16) can be changedθThereby changing the size of the polarization period of the cascade light (13) passing through in the PPLN crystal (16), and then obtaining terahertz waves (18) with different frequencies, wherein the frequency of the terahertz waves (18) can be n× (f 1 -f 2 ) THz, n is a positive integer.
2. The optimized cascade difference frequency-based multi-frequency terahertz wave generating apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the phase delay system consists of a first reflecting mirror (5), a second reflecting mirror (6), a third reflecting mirror (7) and a fourth reflecting mirror (8); the second pump light (4) emitted from the second pump source (3) passes through a phase delay system consisting of a first reflecting mirror (5), a second reflecting mirror (6), a third reflecting mirror (7) and a fourth reflecting mirror (8), and then enters a beam combining mirror (10) through a fifth reflecting mirror (9).
3. The multi-frequency terahertz wave generating apparatus based on optimized cascade difference frequency according to claim 2, wherein: the first reflecting mirror (5), the second reflecting mirror (6), the third reflecting mirror (7), the fourth reflecting mirror (8) and the fifth reflecting mirror (9) are plane mirrors, and the angles and the positions of the first reflecting mirror, the second reflecting mirror, the third reflecting mirror, the fourth reflecting mirror and the fifth reflecting mirror are adjustable; the first reflecting mirror (5), the second reflecting mirror (6), the third reflecting mirror (7) and the fourth reflecting mirror (8) are used for totally reflecting the second pumping light (4).
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