CN115832836A - Resonant cavity and optimized cascade difference frequency combined high-power terahertz radiation source - Google Patents
Resonant cavity and optimized cascade difference frequency combined high-power terahertz radiation source Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention aims to provide a high-power terahertz radiation source combining a resonant cavity and an optimized cascade difference frequency, which comprises a first pumping source, a second pumping source, a non-periodically polarized APPLN crystal, a beam combiner, a phase delay system, a fifth reflector, a sixth reflector, a seventh reflector, an eighth reflector and a beam splitter, wherein the fifth reflector, the sixth reflector, the seventh reflector, the eighth reflector and the beam splitter form the resonant cavity; the intensity of the terahertz wave can be enhanced, and the energy conversion efficiency of the terahertz wave is improved. By setting the reflectivity of the cavity mirror so that the Stokes wave oscillates in the cavity, energy can be repeatedly transferred from the pump wave to the high-order Stokes wave.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of terahertz wave application, and particularly relates to a high-power terahertz radiation source combining a resonant cavity and an optimized cascade difference frequency.
Background
Terahertz (THz) wave refers to a frequency of 0.1-10THz (1THz =10) 12 THz), the band of which lies between the millimeter wave and the infrared in the electromagnetic spectrum, is the transition region from photonics and electronics, macroscopic theory to microscopic theory. The terahertz wave is located at a special position, so that the terahertz wave has great scientific research value and wide application prospect in the basic research fields of physics, chemistry, astronomy, molecular spectrum, life science, medical science and the like, and the application research fields of medical imaging, environmental monitoring, material detection, food detection, radio astronomy, mobile communication, satellite communication, military radar and the like. Terahertz waves are mainly applied in the following fields:
(1) Field of imaging
THz wave imaging is different from ordinary optical images or X-ray images, and each pixel in a pulsed THz wave image contains the entire THz waveform, not just the intensity of the light beam. The fourier transform of the THz waveform can also extract the spectral information of the pixel. Therefore, THz wave imaging not only identifies the target by its contour, but also obtains composite information of the target.
(2) The technical field of biomedicine
Due to the 'fingerprint' characteristic of the THz wave band, the THz wave band contains abundant physical and chemical information when interacting with a medium, and the low energy ensures that the THz wave band can be applied to the fields of biomedical imaging and the like. As the THz light source consists of different composite polarized light waves, the medium can be acquired by different polarized light to acquire more exact diagnosis information of pathological tissues, so that the THz wave has an important effect on clinical diagnosis and treatment of cancers.
(3) Field of nondestructive testing
The THz wave penetrability can be well applied to the fields of nondestructive inspection and THz imaging. The THz time domain spectroscopy technology is utilized to realize that under the non-contact and non-destructive conditions, the THz time domain spectroscopy can penetrate through non-polar dielectric materials such as clothes, cartons and plastics, so that the chemical properties of the medium can be detected, and the outline and the shape of an object can be judged.
(4) Field of communications
The THz wave band is wide, the directivity is good, the transmission rate is high, and therefore the THz wave band has great potential in the application of space high-speed communication and radar, and has the application prospect of military and civil integration and balanced collaborative development. As the THz wave is sensitive to water molecules, the THz wave can realize secret communication when being transmitted in the atmosphere. However, THz waves have better directivity due to their long wavelength than visible and infrared light, so that they can achieve spatial communication in cloud with extremely high bandwidth.
(5) The field of homeland security
The THz wave has good directivity and narrow wave beam, has stronger cloud layer and smoke penetration capacity, and in military application, the accurate guidance of the missile tail end is corrected by the THz wave to improve the guidance accuracy, thereby having extremely high military application value.
The lack of terahertz sources capable of generating high-power, high-quality and high-efficiency terahertz waves and operating at room temperature with low cost is a major problem at present. At present, the terahertz wave generation method mainly comprises an electronics method and a photonics method. The electronic method is a process that the wavelength of electromagnetic radiation is generally extended from millimeter waves to a terahertz waveband, namely, the process is equivalent to a frequency increasing process, but when the frequency is greater than 1THz, the process is hindered greatly, so that the efficiency is low, and meanwhile, a terahertz wave radiation source generated by the electronic method is large in size, so that the application of the terahertz wave radiation source in many fields is limited. The main direction of the photonics method is to convert visible light or infrared light into terahertz wave bands. The method has the advantages that the generated terahertz radiation source has high coherence and directivity, but the terahertz wave generated at the present stage is low in power and efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-power terahertz radiation source combining a resonant cavity and an optimized cascade difference frequency, which can enhance the intensity of terahertz waves and improve the energy conversion efficiency of the terahertz waves.
The object of the invention is achieved in the following way: a high-power terahertz radiation source combining a resonant cavity and an optimized cascade difference frequency is characterized in that: the device comprises a first pumping source, a second pumping source, a non-periodically polarized APPLN crystal, a beam combiner, a phase delay system, a fifth reflector, a sixth reflector, a seventh reflector, an eighth reflector and a spectroscope which form a resonant cavity;
a first pump light emitted from a first pump source enters a beam combining mirror; the second pumping light emitted from the second pumping source enters the beam combining mirror through the phase delay system; the first pump light and the second pump light are combined into a beam of first mixed light in a beam combining mirror; the first mixed light is incident into the APPLN crystal through a fifth reflector, and second mixed light is generated through the cascade optical difference frequency effect; the second mixed light transmits third mixed light through a sixth reflector; the second mixing light reflects out a Stokes light wave through a sixth reflector; the Stokes light waves are highly reflected by the seventh reflector, the eighth reflector and the fifth reflector and then enter the APPLN crystal in a direction parallel to the first mixing light, and the Stokes light waves complete circular oscillation in the resonant cavity; the third mixed light is divided into two beams of light waves and terahertz waves after passing through a spectroscope; the terahertz wave is obtained by the transmission or the transmission of the spectroscope;
the plane of light beam propagation is a plane determined by an X axis and a Y axis, a Z axis is perpendicular to the plane of light beam propagation, the initial propagation direction of a first pump light beam emitted from a first pump source is an X-axis positive direction, the initial propagation direction of a second pump light beam emitted from a second pump source is a Y-axis negative direction, the propagation direction of a first mixed light beam is an X-axis positive direction, the propagation direction of a second mixed light beam is an X-axis positive direction, the propagation direction of a third mixed light beam is an X-axis positive direction, the propagation direction of a terahertz wave is an X-axis positive direction, and the propagation direction of a light wave is a Y-axis positive direction.
The first pump source adopts a pulse laser, the second pump source adopts a pulse laser, and the polarization directions of pump light emitted by the pump sources are Z axes; the frequency difference of the first pump light and the second pump light is equal to the frequency of the terahertz wave.
The phase delay system is composed of a first reflector, a second reflector, a third reflector and a fourth reflector, and the pumping light is reflected by the first reflector, the second reflector, the third reflector and the fourth reflector in sequence to complete phase delay.
The first reflector, the second reflector, the third reflector and the fourth reflector are plane mirrors; the first reflector, the second reflector, the third reflector and the fourth reflector are used for totally reflecting the second pump light.
The APPLN crystal is a cuboid and is rectangular in an X-Y plane, the length direction of the crystal is consistent with the positive direction of an X axis, and the optical axis of the crystal is along a Z axis; the non-polarized period distribution of the APPLN crystal is divided into two parts along the length direction of the APPLN crystal, the first part satisfies from 1 st order Stokes cascade difference frequency to N th order, the N order is any order in the range of more than one order and less than { (the frequency of the first pump light-60 THz)/the frequency of the terahertz wave }, the phase mismatch of the Stokes cascade difference frequency is equal to 0 step by step along the length of the crystal, the second part satisfies fromMThe order anti-Stokes cascade difference frequency is changed to the K order, the phase mismatch of the Stokes cascade difference frequency is gradually equal to 0 along the length of the crystal, wherein the difference frequency light corresponding to the M order anti-Stokes cascade difference frequency is the anti-Stokes light with the highest power density, the K order refers to any order in a range larger than the first order and smaller than { (the frequency of the first pumping light is-60 THz)/the frequency of terahertz waves } order, and K is larger than N.
The first mixed light comprises first pump light and second pump light, and the second mixed light comprises Stokes light waves, light waves and terahertz waves; the third mixing light comprises light waves and terahertz waves; the optical waves comprise first pump light, second pump light and anti-Stokes optical waves; the frequency difference of the adjacent cascade light waves is equal to the frequency of the terahertz waves.
The fifth reflector, the sixth reflector, the seventh reflector and the eighth reflector are all concave lenses. The fifth reflector and the sixth reflector are both highly transmissive to the first mixed light, the transmissivity is 0.99, and highly reflective to Stokes light waves, and the reflectivity is 0.99; the sixth reflecting mirror is highly transmissive to the third mixed light, and the transmittance is 0.99; the seventh reflector and the eighth reflector both reflect Stokes light waves highly, and the reflectivity is 0.99.
The Stokes light waves circularly oscillate in the resonant cavity, and the third mixing light is transmitted out of the resonant cavity.
The sixth reflector and the spectroscope are made of silicon materials, and the absorption coefficient of the terahertz waves is small; the spectroscope has high transmittance to terahertz waves, the transmittance is greater than 0.9, and the spectroscope has high reflectivity to the terahertz waves, and the reflectivity is 0.99.
Compared with the prior art, the high-power terahertz radiation source combining the resonant cavity and the optimized cascade difference frequency has the following advantages compared with the existing terahertz radiation source based on the optical difference frequency effect:
(1) By setting the reflectivity of the cavity mirror so that the Stokes wave oscillates in the cavity, energy can be repeatedly transferred from the pump wave to the high-order Stokes wave.
(2) By setting the non-polarization period of the APPLN with the variable polarization period, energy can be continuously transferred from the pump wave to the higher-order Stokes wave.
(3) The non-polarized periodic distribution of the non-periodically polarized APPLN crystal and the Stokes light wave circulating and oscillating in the resonator cause the low order Stokes photons to continuously transfer to the high order Stokes photons.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 isI P =I S =1000 MW/cm 2 Next, a plot of the polarization period of the APPLN crystal as a function of crystal length;
FIG. 3 is a drawing showingI P =I S =1000 MW/cm 2 And (4) cascading the light wave evolution diagrams.
FIG. 4 is a drawing showingI P =I S =1000 MW/cm 2 At the same time, the terahertz wave intensity varies with the crystal length.
Detailed Description
While the present invention will be described in conjunction with specific embodiments thereof, it is to be understood that the embodiments are presented for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention, which is to be construed as providing the following claims.
As shown in the attached figure 1, the high-power terahertz radiation source combining the resonant cavity and the optimized cascade difference frequency is characterized in that: the device comprises a first pumping source 1, a second pumping source 4, a non-periodically polarized APPLN crystal 15, a beam combining mirror 3, a first reflecting mirror 6, a second reflecting mirror 7, a third reflecting mirror 8 and a fourth reflecting mirror 9 which are used as phase delay systems, a fifth reflecting mirror 11, a sixth reflecting mirror 12, a seventh reflecting mirror 13, an eighth reflecting mirror 14 and a beam splitter 19 which form a resonant cavity.
The phase delay system is used for phase delay, and may be implemented by four mirrors described in the embodiments of the present application, or may implement phase delay in other manners.
The first pump light 2 emitted from the first pump source 1 enters the beam combining mirror 3. The second pump light 5 emitted from the second pump source 4 sequentially passes through a phase delay system composed of a first reflector 6, a second reflector 7, a third reflector 8 and a fourth reflector 9 and enters the beam combiner 3. The first pump light 2 and the second pump light 5 are combined into a first mixed light beam 10 in the beam combining mirror 3. The first mixed light 10 is incident into the APPLN crystal 15 through the fifth mirror 11, and the second mixed light 17 is generated through the cascade optical difference frequency effect. The second mixed light 17 transmits third mixed light 18 through the sixth mirror 12. The second mixed light 17 is reflected out of the Stokes light wave 16 by the sixth mirror 12. The Stokes light wave 16 is highly reflected by the seventh mirror 13, the eighth mirror 14 and the fifth mirror 11 and then enters the APPLN crystal 15 in a direction parallel to the first mixed light 10, and the Stokes light wave 16 completes the circular oscillation in the resonant cavity. The third mixed light 18 is divided into two beams of light 21 and terahertz wave 20 after passing through the spectroscope 19, the light 21 is reflected by the spectroscope 19, and the terahertz wave 20 passes through or is transmitted by the spectroscope 19.
The plane of light beam propagation is a plane determined by an X axis and a Y axis, a Z axis is perpendicular to the plane of light beam propagation, the initial propagation direction of a first pump light 2 emitted from a first pump source 1 is an X-axis positive direction, the initial propagation direction of a second pump light 5 emitted from a second pump source 4 is a Y-axis negative direction, the propagation direction of a first mixed light 10 is an X-axis positive direction, the propagation direction of a second mixed light 17 is an X-axis positive direction, the propagation direction of a third mixed light 18 is an X-axis positive direction, the propagation direction of a terahertz wave 20 is an X-axis positive direction, and the propagation direction of a light wave 21 is a Y-axis positive direction.
In this embodiment, the first pump source 1 is a Yb: YAG pulse laser with a frequency of 291.5 THz, and the second pump source 4 is a Yb: YAG pulse laser with a frequency of 291 THz. The frequency difference between the first pump light 2 and the second pump light 5 is 0.5THz. The power density of the two pump sources is 1000 MW/cm 2 And the polarization directions are Z axes. The terahertz-wave 20 has a frequency of 0.5THz.
In this embodiment, the first reflector 6, the second reflector 7, the third reflector 8, and the fourth reflector 9 are plane mirrors; the first mirror 6, the second mirror 7, the third mirror 8, and the fourth mirror 9 totally reflect the second pump light 5.
The APPLN crystal 15 is rectangular in the X-Y plane, the length direction of the crystal is consistent with the positive direction of the X axis, and the optical axis of the crystal is along the Z axis. The distribution of the non-polarization period is divided into two parts along the length direction of the APPLN crystal, the first part satisfies from 1 st order Stokes cascade difference frequency to N th order, the N order is any order in the range of being larger than one order and smaller than { (the frequency of the first pump light 2-60 THz)/the frequency of the terahertz wave 20 }, the phase mismatch of the Stokes cascade difference frequency is equal to 0 step by step along the length of the crystal, the second part satisfies fromM orderThe anti-Stokes cascade difference frequency is shifted to the K order, the phase mismatch of the Stokes cascade difference frequency is gradually equal to 0 along the length of the crystal, wherein the difference frequency light corresponding to the M order anti-Stokes cascade difference frequency is the anti-Stokes light with the highest power density, the K order refers to any order in a range larger than the first order and smaller than the { (the frequency of the first pumping light 2 is-60 THz)/the frequency of the terahertz wave 20 }, and K is larger than N.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, the APPLN crystal 15 is a rectangular parallelepiped, and the size X × Y × Z of the APPLN crystal 15 is 2mm × 5mm × 2mm. In thatI P =I S =1000 MW/cm 2 The non-poling period profile of the APPLN crystal 15 along the APPLN crystal length is shown in FIG. 2. The first portion was reduced from 237.81 μm to 237.22 μm and the second portion was reduced from 238.18 μm to 235.72 μm. The first part satisfies the Stokes cascade difference from the 1 st stepThe phase mismatch from the frequency to the 60th order Stokes cascade difference frequency is gradually equal to 0 along the length of the crystal, and the phase mismatch from the 16 th order anti-Stokes cascade difference frequency to the 280 th order Stokes cascade difference frequency is gradually equal to 0 along the length of the crystal. At this time, as shown in fig. 3, the cascaded optical wave evolvement is shown, and as the oscillation frequency increases, the pump photons and the signal photons are transferred to the high-order Stokes photons in a first order and a second order. Each oscillation of photon energy is accumulated into a cascade Stokes wave.
The terahertz wave intensity along the length direction of the APPLN crystal is shown in FIG. 4. The terahertz intensity is gradually increased along with the increase of the length of the crystal. The maximum is reached at the position where the length of the crystal is 2mm, and the power density is 745.37MW/cm 2 。
The frequency difference between the adjacent cascade light waves is equal to the frequency of the terahertz wave 20, and in this embodiment, the adjacent order frequency differences of the cascade light included in the second mixed light 17 are all equal to 0.5THz.
In this embodiment, the fifth mirror 11, the sixth mirror 12, the seventh mirror 13, and the eighth mirror 14 are all concave lenses. The fifth reflector 11 and the sixth reflector 12 both have high transmittance to the first mixed light 10 and 0.99 transmittance, and high reflectance to the Stokes light wave 16 and 0.99 reflectance. The sixth reflecting mirror 12 transmits the third mixed light 18 at a high level, and has a transmittance of 0.99. The seventh mirror 13 and the eighth mirror 14 both reflect the Stokes light wave 16 at a high reflectivity of 0.99.
In this embodiment, the sixth reflecting mirror 12 and the spectroscope 19 are made of a silicon material, and have a small absorption of the terahertz wave 20. The spectroscope 19 has a high transmittance of the terahertz wave 20, which is greater than 0.9, and a high reflectance of the light wave 21, which is 0.99.
The specific embodiments are given above, but the present invention is not limited to the described embodiments. The basic idea of the present invention lies in the above basic scheme, and it is obvious to those skilled in the art that no creative effort is needed to design various modified models, formulas and parameters according to the teaching of the present invention. Variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, and still fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. A high-power terahertz radiation source combining a resonant cavity and an optimized cascade difference frequency is characterized in that: the device comprises a first pumping source (1), a second pumping source (4), a non-periodic polarization APPLN crystal (15), a beam combiner (3), a phase delay system, a fifth reflector (11), a sixth reflector (12), a seventh reflector (13), an eighth reflector (14) and a beam splitter (19) which form a resonant cavity;
a first pump light (2) emitted from a first pump source (1) enters a beam combining mirror (3); a second pump light (5) emitted from a second pump source (4) enters the beam combiner (3) through the phase delay system; the first pump light (2) and the second pump light (5) are combined into a first mixed light (10) in the beam combining mirror (3); the first mixed light (10) is incident into the APPLN crystal (15) through a fifth reflector (11), and a second mixed light (17) is generated through a cascade optical difference frequency effect; the second mixed light (17) transmits third mixed light (18) through a sixth reflector (12); the second mixed frequency light (17) is reflected out of a Stokes light wave (16) through a sixth reflector (12); the Stokes light waves (16) are highly reflected by a seventh reflector (13), an eighth reflector (14) and a fifth reflector (11) and then enter an APPLN crystal (15) in a direction parallel to the first mixed light (10), and the Stokes light waves (16) complete circular oscillation in the resonant cavity; the third mixed frequency light (18) is divided into two beams of light waves (21) and terahertz waves (20) after passing through a spectroscope (19); the light wave (21) is obtained by reflection of the spectroscope (19), and the terahertz wave (20) is obtained by passing through or transmitting the spectroscope (19);
the plane of light beam propagation is a plane determined by an X axis and a Y axis, a Z axis is perpendicular to the plane of light beam propagation, the initial propagation direction of a first pump light (2) emitted from a first pump source (1) is an X-axis positive direction, the initial propagation direction of a second pump light (5) emitted from a second pump source (4) is a Y-axis negative direction, the propagation direction of a first mixed light (10) is an X-axis positive direction, the propagation direction of a second mixed light (17) is an X-axis positive direction, the propagation direction of a third mixed light (18) is an X-axis positive direction, the propagation direction of a terahertz wave (20) is an X-axis positive direction, and the propagation direction of a light wave (21) is a Y-axis positive direction.
2. The high-power terahertz radiation source combining the resonant cavity and the optimized cascade difference frequency according to claim 1, characterized in that: the first pump source (1) adopts a pulse laser, the second pump source (4) adopts a pulse laser, and the polarization directions of pump light emitted by the pump sources are Z-axis; the frequency difference between the first pump light (2) and the second pump light (5) is equal to the frequency of the terahertz wave (20).
3. The high-power terahertz radiation source combining the resonant cavity and the optimized cascade difference frequency according to claim 1, characterized in that: the phase delay system is composed of a first reflector (6), a second reflector (7), a third reflector (8) and a fourth reflector (9), and the pumping light (5) is reflected by the first reflector (6), the second reflector (7), the third reflector (8) and the fourth reflector (9) in sequence to complete phase delay.
4. The high-power terahertz radiation source combining the resonant cavity and the optimized cascade difference frequency according to claim 3, characterized in that: the first reflector (6), the second reflector (7), the third reflector (8) and the fourth reflector (9) are plane mirrors; the first reflector (6), the second reflector (7), the third reflector (8) and the fourth reflector (9) are used for totally reflecting the second pumping light (5).
5. The high-power terahertz radiation source combining the resonant cavity and the optimized cascade difference frequency according to claim 1, characterized in that: the APPLN crystal (15) is a cuboid and is rectangular in an X-Y plane, the length direction of the crystal is consistent with the positive direction of an X axis, and the optical axis of the crystal is along a Z axis; the non-polarized periodic distribution of the APPLN crystal (15) is divided into two parts along the length direction of the APPLN crystal, the first part satisfies from 1 st order Stokes cascade difference frequency to N th order, the N order is larger than one order and smaller than { (the frequency of the first pump light-60 THz)/too { (the second pump light-X) } andthe phase mismatch of the Stokes cascade difference frequency is stepped up to 0 along the crystal length, the second component being satisfied fromMThe order anti-Stokes cascade difference frequency is changed to the K order, the phase mismatch of the Stokes cascade difference frequency is gradually equal to 0 along the length of the crystal, wherein the difference frequency light corresponding to the M order anti-Stokes cascade difference frequency is the anti-Stokes light with the highest power density, the K order refers to any order in a range larger than the first order and smaller than { (the frequency of the first pumping light is-60 THz)/the frequency of terahertz waves } order, and K is larger than N.
6. The high-power terahertz radiation source combining the resonant cavity and the optimized cascade difference frequency according to claim 1, characterized in that: the first mixed light (10) comprises a first pump light (2) and a second pump light (5), and the second mixed light (17) comprises a Stokes light wave (16), a light wave (21) and a terahertz wave (20); the third mixed light (18) comprises a light wave (21) and a terahertz wave (20); the optical wave (21) comprises a first pump light (2), a second pump light (5) and an anti-Stokes optical wave; the frequency difference of the adjacent cascade light waves is equal to the frequency of the terahertz wave (20).
7. The high-power terahertz radiation source combining the resonant cavity and the optimized cascade difference frequency according to claim 1, characterized in that: the fifth reflector (11), the sixth reflector (12), the seventh reflector (13) and the eighth reflector (14) are all concave lenses;
the fifth reflector (11) and the sixth reflector (12) are both highly transmissive to the first mixed light (10), have a transmittance of 0.99, and highly reflective to the Stokes light wave (16), and have a reflectance of 0.99; the sixth reflector (12) is highly transmissive to the third mixed light (18) and has a transmittance of 0.99; the seventh reflector (13) and the eighth reflector (14) both reflect Stokes light waves (16) highly, and the reflectivity is 0.99.
8. The high-power terahertz radiation source combining the resonant cavity and the optimized cascade difference frequency according to claim 1, characterized in that: the Stokes light waves (16) circularly oscillate in the resonant cavity, and the third mixed light (18) is transmitted out of the resonant cavity.
9. The high-power terahertz radiation source combining the resonant cavity and the optimized cascade difference frequency according to claim 1, characterized in that: the sixth reflector (12) and the spectroscope (19) are made of silicon materials, and the absorption coefficient of the terahertz waves (20) is small; the spectroscope (19) has a high transmittance to the terahertz wave (20), the transmittance being greater than 0.9, and a high reflectance to the optical wave (21), the reflectance being 0.99.
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