CN112662724B - Deer blood polypeptide and extraction method and application thereof - Google Patents
Deer blood polypeptide and extraction method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides deer blood polypeptide, and an extraction method and application thereof. The extraction method may include the steps of: pulverizing sanguis Cervi powder to obtain sanguis Cervi micropowder; uniformly mixing deer blood micropowder, enzyme and water to obtain a first intermediate product; heating and hydrolyzing the first intermediate product to obtain a second intermediate product; performing enzyme deactivation treatment on the second intermediate product, and then rapidly cooling to 20-30 ℃ to obtain a third intermediate product; concentrating and drying the third intermediate product to obtain deer blood polypeptide. The deer blood polypeptide can be prepared by the extraction method. The use may include use in the preparation of a medicament, beverage or foodstuff having an anti-fatigue effect. The beneficial effects of the invention can include: the extraction method is simple and convenient, the flow is short, and the cost is low; can obviously improve the anti-fatigue activity of deer blood polypeptide; the extracted deer blood polypeptide has obvious functions of resisting fatigue, reducing blood pressure, enhancing immunity and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of polypeptide extraction, in particular to deer blood polypeptide with an anti-fatigue effect, and an extraction method and application thereof.
Background
Exercise fatigue refers to the inability of the body to maintain its function at a particular level or to maintain a predetermined intensity of exercise. Continuous sports fatigue not only affects normal life, but also causes endocrine disturbance, immunity decline, even organic diseases, and threatens body health.
At present, the research on natural anti-fatigue peptides is mainly focused on active substances extracted from animals and plants, and deer blood, american ginseng, corn, soybean, oyster, hairtail, stichopus japonicus, sea cucumber and the like are all natural anti-fatigue peptide sources. Deer blood is the hearth blood or antler blood of Cervus Nippon Temminck or Cervus Nippon Temminck of Cervidae. Modern researches have shown that deer blood has the biological activities of resisting fatigue, lowering blood pressure, enhancing immunity, resisting aging, etc. In addition to trace amounts of small molecular compounds, the content and constitution of hydrolyzed amino acids and peptides in deer blood are the main functional components of these physiological activities, however, the molecular structure and physiological activities of these components are still poorly known at present.
The extraction method of the anti-fatigue peptide comprises a chemical hydrolysis method, an enzymolysis method, a microbial fermentation method, a chemical synthesis method and the like, wherein the enzymolysis method is commonly used, and the existing enzymolysis method has the problems of complex process, high cost, easy reduction of peptide activity and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention is directed to solving one or more of the problems of the prior art, including the shortcomings of the prior art. For example, one of the objects of the present invention is to increase the anti-fatigue activity of deer blood polypeptides.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for extracting deer blood polypeptide.
The extraction method may comprise the steps of: pulverizing deer blood powder to obtain deer blood micropowder of 150-300 meshes; uniformly mixing deer blood micropowder, enzyme and water to obtain a first intermediate product, wherein the mass of the enzyme is 1-10 per mill of that of the deer blood micropowder, and the mass of the water is 3-8 times of that of the deer blood micropowder; heating and hydrolyzing the first intermediate product to obtain a second intermediate product; performing enzyme deactivation treatment on the second intermediate product, and then rapidly cooling to 20-30 ℃ to obtain a third intermediate product; concentrating and drying the third intermediate product to obtain deer blood polypeptide.
According to one or more exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the deer blood powder may include vacuum freeze-dried deer blood powder.
According to one or more exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the enzyme may include at least one of an alkaline protease and a neutral protease.
According to one or more exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the water may include at least one of distilled water and pure water.
According to one or more exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the heating the enzymatic hydrolysis may include: and (3) the first intermediate product is subjected to enzymolysis for 4 to 8 hours at the temperature of 40 to 60 ℃ and is stirred in the enzymolysis process.
According to one or more exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the enzyme deactivation treatment may include: and inactivating the enzyme of the second intermediate product for 10-20 minutes at the temperature of 90-100 ℃.
According to one or more exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the concentrating and drying may be performed using a spray dryer, wherein an inlet air temperature of the spray dryer is 120 to 160 ℃ and an outlet temperature is 70 to 90 ℃ when the concentrating and drying are performed.
According to one or more exemplary embodiments of the invention, the method may further comprise the steps of: and detecting the obtained deer blood polypeptide by using a high performance liquid chromatography.
In another aspect, the invention provides a deer blood polypeptide. The deer blood polypeptide can comprise deer blood polypeptide prepared by the extraction method of deer blood polypeptide.
In yet another aspect, the invention provides an application of deer blood polypeptide, which can include an application in preparing a medicament, beverage or food with an anti-fatigue effect.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the preparation method is simple and convenient, the flow is short, and the cost is low; can remarkably improve the anti-fatigue activity of deer blood polypeptide. The deer blood polypeptide prepared by the invention has remarkable functions of resisting fatigue, reducing blood pressure, enhancing immunity and the like.
Drawings
The foregoing and other objects and features of the invention will become more apparent from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
figure 1 shows the effect of each group of dosing on the swimming time of mice;
FIG. 2 shows the effect of each group of dosing on blood urea nitrogen content in mice;
FIG. 3 shows the effect of each group of dosing on liver glycogen content in mice;
FIG. 4 shows the effect of dosing on mouse myolactic acid content;
FIG. 5 shows a chromatogram of deer blood polypeptide after alkaline protease enzymolysis;
fig. 6 shows a chromatogram of deer blood polypeptides after enzymatic hydrolysis with neutral protease.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, the deer blood polypeptide of the present invention, and the extraction method and application thereof will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and exemplary embodiments.
In one aspect, the invention provides a method for extracting deer blood polypeptide.
In an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the extraction method may include the steps of:
s10: pulverizing sanguis Cervi powder to obtain micropowder.
Wherein, the granularity of the deer blood micropowder can be 150-300 meshes, such as 155-170 meshes, 200 meshes, 250 meshes, 270 meshes, 290 meshes and the like. The deer blood powder is lyophilized powder of the deer blood of the sika deer, wherein 1 part by mass of deer blood powder can be prepared from 5-6 parts by mass of deer blood. The deer blood powder may have a moisture content of 3.5-5%, e.g., 3.6%, 4.0%, 4.1%, 4.5%, 4.9%, etc., and a protein content of 88-93%, e.g., 89%, 90%, 91.8%, 92%, 92.8%. The pulverization may include ultrafine pulverization, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and any pulverization method is possible as long as the target particle size can be achieved. The invention can improve the bioavailability of protein substances in deer blood through crushing treatment, and the bioavailability of the medicine is improved because the specific surface area is obviously increased and the cell wall breaking rate is obviously improved after the deer blood powder is crushed (such as superfine crushing), and the active ingredients can pass through the cell wall to be directly contacted with the outside.
S20: uniformly mixing deer blood micropowder, enzyme and water to obtain a first intermediate product.
Wherein the mass of the enzyme is 1 to 10 per mill of that of deer blood micropowder, such as 1.1 per mill, 1.5 per mill, 2 per mill, 3 per mill, 5 per mill, 7 per mill, 8 per mill, 9 per mill, 9.8 per mill and the like. The mass of the water is 3 to 8 times of that of the deer blood powder, such as 3.5, 4, 5, 6, 7, 7.5 times and the like. The enzyme may comprise an alkaline protease and/or a neutral protease. The water may include distilled water and/or pure water. The deer blood micropowder, enzyme and water can be mixed in different sequence. Stirring can be performed during the mixing process to ensure uniform mixing, and the stirring mode can comprise manual stirring, magnetic stirring and the like.
S30: and heating and hydrolyzing the first intermediate product to obtain a second intermediate product.
Wherein stirring may be performed during the enzymatic hydrolysis, such as magnetic stirring or the like. The enzymolysis time can be 4-8 hours, such as 5, 6, 7 hours, etc.; the temperature of the enzymatic hydrolysis may be 40-60 ℃, e.g. 42, 45, 50, 55, 59 ℃.
The deer blood superfine powder enzymolysis liquid has the drying weight loss higher than that of the conventional deer blood superfine powder enzymolysis liquid by more than 63%, such as 63.5%, 64% and the like, and the amino acid nitrogen content is more than 2.5 times that of the conventional deer blood superfine powder enzymolysis liquid, such as more than 2.7, 2.8, 3.0 and 3.2 times that of the conventional deer blood superfine powder enzymolysis liquid, and the differences are extremely remarkable (p is less than 0.01).
S40: the second intermediate is subjected to an enzyme deactivation treatment and then rapidly cooled to 20-30 ℃, e.g., 22, 25, 27, 29 ℃, etc., to obtain a third intermediate.
Wherein, this step can be performed at 90-100deg.C, such as at 92, 95, 97, 99 ℃. The enzyme deactivation treatment may be carried out for 10 to 20 minutes, for example, 11, 13, 15, 17, 9 minutes.
S50: concentrating and drying the third intermediate product to obtain deer blood polypeptide.
Wherein this step can be performed by a spray dryer. In the concentration and drying process, the inlet air temperature can be 120-160 ℃, such as 125, 130, 140, 150, 155 ℃ and the like, and the outlet air temperature can be 72, 75, 80, 85, 88 ℃ and the like.
The deer blood polypeptide obtained by the step can be a powdery deer blood polypeptide finished product, and the moisture content of the deer blood polypeptide finished product can be 3% -5%. The extraction rate of deer blood polypeptide can reach 40% -50% through calculation.
In another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the extraction method may include pulverizing, preparing, enzymolysis, inactivating enzyme, and concentrating and drying steps, and in particular, may include:
(1) Crushing: superfine pulverizing deer blood powder (vacuum freeze-dried powder) for 10-30 min at-20-0deg.C;
(2) Preparing: adding 1-10 per mill enzyme into quantitative deer blood powder, stirring uniformly, and adding distilled water with the weight of 3-8 times for heating enzymolysis;
(3) Enzymolysis: and heating in water bath for enzymolysis, wherein a magnetic stirrer is used for stirring during enzymolysis, the enzymolysis time is 4-8 hours, and the enzymolysis temperature is 40-60 ℃.
(4) Enzyme deactivation: inactivating enzyme at 90-100 deg.c for 10-20 min, and cooling to 20-30 deg.c.
(5) Concentrating and drying: and a spray dryer is adopted, the air inlet temperature is 120-160 ℃, and the outlet temperature is 70-90 ℃.
For a better understanding of the above-described exemplary embodiments of the present invention, they are further described below in conjunction with specific examples.
SPF-grade Kunming mice were selected and divided into 5 groups of 14 mice each. Group 1 was physiological saline; the second group uses deer blood; the third group uses papain to hydrolyze deer blood polypeptides; the fourth group is neutral enzyme enzymolysis deer blood polypeptide; and the fifth group is to carry out enzymolysis on deer blood polypeptide by alkaline enzyme. Wherein the first group, the second group and the third group are used as control groups, and the first group is a blank control group; the deer blood polypeptides of the third group, the fourth group and the fifth group are all deer blood polypeptides prepared by the extraction method of the invention, and the difference is that enzymes used in the extraction process of the deer blood polypeptides of the third group, the fourth group and the fifth group are papain, alkaline protease and neutral protease respectively.
The stomach-filling doses are 150 mg/kg -1 Daily (i.e., the gastric lavage dose of each mouse in each group) was administered for 10 consecutive days. 7 of the groups are taken after the last administration and subjected to forced load swimming exhaustion experiments, and the experimental results are shown in figure 1; in addition, 7 forced weight-bearing swimming were performed to measure the contents of blood urea nitrogen, hepatic glycogen and myolactic acid, and the experimental results are shown in FIGS. 2 to 4. The blank, deer blood, papaya, neutral and alkaline in fig. 1-4 represent experimental results of the first, second, third, fourth and fifth groups, respectively; the "and" x "in fig. 1-4 are significant differences at the 0.05 and 0.01 levels, respectively.
As shown in FIG. 1, compared with the control group, the administration of the neutral protease enzymolysis deer blood polypeptide and the alkaline protease enzymolysis deer blood polypeptide can significantly improve the running swimming time (p < 0.05) of mice, wherein the difference of the alkaline protease administration is extremely significant (p < 0.01). The non-enzymolysis deer blood and papain enzymolysis deer blood polypeptide administration has no obvious difference compared with the control group (p is more than or equal to 0.05).
As can be seen from FIG. 2, the administration of neutral protease to the deer blood polypeptide, alkaline protease to the deer blood polypeptide and non-hydrolyzed deer blood significantly reduced the blood urea nitrogen content of mice (p < 0.05) compared with the blank group, wherein the difference in alkaline protease administration was extremely significant (p < 0.01). The difference of the papain enzymolysis deer blood polypeptide administration compared with the blank control group is not obvious (p is more than or equal to 0.05).
As shown in FIG. 3, compared with the blank control group, the administration of papain, alkaline protease and non-enzymatic deer blood can greatly improve the liver glycogen content of mice (p < 0.01), and the liver glycogen content of the mice can be improved by 29.0% after the administration of neutral protease and enzymatic deer blood polypeptide.
As shown in FIG. 4, compared with the control group, the administration of the deer blood polypeptide by the neutral protease and the deer blood polypeptide by the alkaline protease can obviously reduce the myolactic acid content (p is less than 0.05) of mice, and the administration of the deer blood polypeptide by the papain and the deer blood polypeptide by the non-enzymolysis has no obvious difference (p is more than or equal to 0.05) compared with the blank control group.
The invention can also build an HPLC (high Performance liquid chromatography) map for the extracted deer blood polypeptide, so as to provide a basis for the establishment of the quality standard of deer blood peptide products and provide a foundation for the development of anti-fatigue products. For example, the chromatogram of the deer blood polypeptide after alkaline protease hydrolysis shown in fig. 5, the chromatogram of the deer blood polypeptide after neutral protease hydrolysis shown in fig. 6, the response (mAU) on the ordinate and the retention time (min) on the abscissa in fig. 5 and 6.
As can be seen from fig. 5 and 6, the deer blood enzymatic hydrolysate has a large number of chromatographic peaks under the chromatographic conditions, and the HPLC chromatographic peaks of deer blood have a large difference after the enzymatic hydrolysis treatment with different types of proteases. The alkaline protease zymolyte can be well distributed within the retention time range of 12.562-32.189 min, and the neutral protease zymolyte can be well distributed within the retention time range of 10.734-31.461 min.
In another aspect, the invention provides a deer blood polypeptide.
The deer blood polypeptide can comprise deer blood polypeptide prepared by the extraction method of deer blood polypeptide.
In yet another aspect, the invention provides the use of a deer blood polypeptide.
The application of the deer blood polypeptide of the invention can comprise: the application in preparing the medicine with anti-fatigue effect; applications in the preparation of beverages, such as solid beverages, liquid beverages, etc.; the application in preparing food, such as common food and health food.
Although the present invention has been described above by way of the combination of the exemplary embodiments, it should be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and changes can be made to the exemplary embodiments of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope defined in the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. The application of deer blood polypeptide in preparing a medicament with an anti-fatigue effect is characterized in that the extraction method of deer blood polypeptide comprises the following steps:
pulverizing deer blood powder to obtain deer blood micropowder of 150-300 meshes; the deer blood powder contains 3.5-5% of water and 88-93% of protein;
uniformly mixing deer blood micropowder, enzyme and water to obtain a first intermediate product, wherein the mass of the enzyme is 1-10 per mill of that of the deer blood micropowder, and the mass of the water is 3-8 times of that of the deer blood micropowder; enzymes include neutral proteases;
heating and hydrolyzing the first intermediate product to obtain a second intermediate product;
performing enzyme deactivation treatment on the second intermediate product, and then rapidly cooling to 20-30 ℃ to obtain a third intermediate product; the enzyme deactivation treatment comprises the following steps: inactivating enzyme of the second intermediate product at 90-100 ℃ for 10-20 minutes;
concentrating and drying the third intermediate product to obtain deer blood polypeptide; wherein the concentration and drying are carried out by a spray dryer, and when the concentration and drying are carried out, the air inlet temperature of the spray dryer is 120-160 ℃, and the outlet temperature is 70-90 ℃.
2. The use of the deer blood polypeptide according to claim 1 for the preparation of a medicament having an anti-fatigue effect, wherein the deer blood powder comprises vacuum freeze-dried deer blood powder.
3. The use of deer blood polypeptide according to claim 1 for the preparation of a medicament having an anti-fatigue effect, wherein the water comprises at least one of distilled water and pure water.
4. The use of deer blood polypeptide according to claim 1 for the preparation of a medicament having an anti-fatigue effect, wherein the step of heating enzymatic hydrolysis comprises: and (3) the first intermediate product is subjected to enzymolysis for 4 to 8 hours at the temperature of 40 to 60 ℃ and is stirred in the enzymolysis process.
5. Use of a deer blood polypeptide according to claim 1 for the preparation of a medicament having an anti-fatigue effect, wherein the method further comprises the steps of: and detecting the obtained deer blood polypeptide by using a high performance liquid chromatography.
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| CN113957112A (en) * | 2021-10-20 | 2022-01-21 | 中国农业科学院特产研究所 | Preparation method of deer blood peptide and deer blood peptide |
| CN114391651A (en) * | 2021-11-25 | 2022-04-26 | 湖州维义生物科技股份有限公司 | Special sports nutritional compound deer raw material food and preparation method thereof |
| CN115322859A (en) * | 2022-08-19 | 2022-11-11 | 吉林省中鹿中医药产业(集团)有限公司 | Deer blood peptide wine and preparation method thereof |
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