CN112648937A - Hole detection device with anti-rotation mechanism and detection method - Google Patents
Hole detection device with anti-rotation mechanism and detection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112648937A CN112648937A CN201911004315.2A CN201911004315A CN112648937A CN 112648937 A CN112648937 A CN 112648937A CN 201911004315 A CN201911004315 A CN 201911004315A CN 112648937 A CN112648937 A CN 112648937A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/26—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/26—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
- G01B11/27—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes for testing the alignment of axes
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of machining and detection, and particularly relates to a hole detection device with an anti-rotation mechanism and a detection method. The workpiece is moved relative to the datum. The detection part can rotate around the first kinematic pair and the second kinematic pair but can not rotate in the detected hole. The spot is varied by the hole error and detected. The pore detection method comprises the following steps: firstly, placing a workpiece and emitting light; secondly, moving the workpiece; and thirdly, solving the hole shape and position errors. The invention has the following advantages: the detection part can not rotate in the hole, so that errors caused by the rotation can be avoided; the light spot is stable and is not influenced by external light; has the function of amplifying errors; a detectable pinhole; the pressure feedback function is provided, and the detection rod can be prevented from sagging; the fluid forward cone self-correction principle is utilized to automatically center the probe at the center of the hole; the non-contact measurement can be realized, the friction and the abrasion are reduced, and the adverse effect of the surface quality of the hole wall on the detection result can be reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of machining and detection, and particularly relates to a hole detection device with an anti-rotation mechanism and a detection method. The invention is particularly suitable for the detection of deep holes.
Background
When the hole or deep hole part is detected, the measuring tool is prevented from rotating in the hole, the direction of the processing error of the hole is favorably mastered, and the method is significant for controlling the quality of the hole. In order to solve the technical problem, researchers have made various efforts, and applied for a patent of a laser deep hole straightness detection device with an anti-rotation mechanism, which is under the application number of 201610194592.4.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: hole detection devices and methods of use are designed, and to address the problem of rotation of measurement tools within holes, mechanisms to prevent rotation are provided, and non-contact measurements are discussed.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical innovation points.
1. Hole detection device with prevent that favourable turn constructs, including optics part, operation display part, benchmark part, drive division, detection part, its characterized in that: the driving part or the human hand enables the workpiece with the hole or the detecting part to move relative to the reference part; the detection part is provided with a part which is contacted with the hole wall or is not contacted with the hole wall; the detection part can rotate around the first kinematic pair or the second kinematic pair; the light and light spots of the optical part can change along with the movement of the workpiece with the hole or the detection part; the light emitter of the optical part is positioned outside the hole; the optical part and the detection part are respectively positioned at two sides of the first kinematic pair; the designed light ray position is coaxial or not coaxial with the central line of the hole, and the operation display part can calculate the light spot position information and display the light spot position change or the information after the light spot position change is converted; the first kinematic pair may be inside or outside the hole.
2. The hole detection method with the anti-rotation mechanism comprises a hole detection device with the anti-rotation mechanism, and is characterized in that the hole detection device comprises an optical part, an operation display part, a reference part, a driving part and a detection part, and the hole detection device is characterized in that: the driving part or the human hand enables the workpiece with the hole or the detecting part to move relative to the reference part; the detection part is provided with a part which is contacted with the hole wall or is not contacted with the hole wall; the detection part can rotate around the first kinematic pair or the second kinematic pair; the light and light spots of the optical part can change along with the movement of the workpiece with the hole or the detection part; the light emitter of the optical part is positioned outside the hole; the optical part and the detection part are respectively positioned at two sides of the first kinematic pair; the designed light ray position is coaxial or not coaxial with the central line of the hole, and the operation display part can calculate the light spot position information and display the light spot position change or the information after the light spot position change is converted; the first kinematic pair can be in the hole or outside the hole; the hole detection method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps that firstly, a workpiece with holes is placed and emits light or emits light and is placed; secondly, moving the workpiece with holes or the detection part along the reference part; and thirdly, solving the hole shape position error according to the light spot information.
3. According to technical innovation point 1 or 2 hole detection device with prevent that favourable turn constructs, its characterized in that: the reference part is provided with a guide body; the driving part is provided with a sliding body; the detection part is provided with a detection rod and a detection head; the probe is positioned in the hole and is in contact with the hole wall or an air film is arranged between the probe and the hole wall; the optical part is provided with a light emitter, a light ray and a light receiver; the detection head is positioned on the detection rod, and when a human hand or the driving part drives the detection part or the workpiece with the hole to move along the guide body, the detection rod can rotate around the first kinematic pair or the second kinematic pair along with the change of the detection head relative to the reference part; the emitted light is emitted to a light receiver; the change in the position of the probe rod causes a change in the position of the spot on the light emitter, light ray and light receiver.
4. According to technical innovation point 1 or 2 hole detection device with prevent that favourable turn constructs, its characterized in that: the variation of the light spot is larger than or equal to or smaller than that of the probe head; the light receiver is externally provided with a light shield.
5. According to technical innovation point 1 or 2 hole detection device with prevent that favourable turn constructs, its characterized in that: the information after the light spot position conversion is the straightness or perpendicularity or parallelism or inclination of the hole.
6. The hole detection device with the anti-rotation mechanism is characterized in that the detection part can automatically adapt to the change of the hole diameter, and a gap adjusting device is arranged at the first kinematic pair or the second kinematic pair; the first kinematic pair and the second kinematic pair respectively have only one rotational degree of freedom.
7. The hole detection device with the anti-rotation mechanism is characterized in that the guide body is a machine tool guide rail or other guide objects, and the sliding body is a machine tool slide carriage or other sliding objects; an optical displacement detecting device or a mechanical displacement detecting device detects the moving distance of the holed workpiece or the detecting part relative to the reference part.
8. According to technical innovation point 1 or 2 hole detection device with prevent that favourable turn constructs, its characterized in that: the detection rod is integrated or split, and the split detection rod can be disassembled and assembled into an integrated body after being disassembled; the probe head is made of quenching material or hard alloy or gem or diamond.
9. According to technical innovation point 1 or 2 hole detection device with prevent that favourable turn constructs, its characterized in that: no hole or hole is arranged in the detection rod; when no hole is formed in the detection rod, the detection head is in line contact or narrow surface contact with the hole wall; when a hole is formed in the detection rod, the structure of the detection head is conical, an annular wedge-shaped space is formed by the detection head and the hole wall of the workpiece to be detected, a plurality of radial inclined holes are distributed on the detection head along the circumference, pressurized gas flows into the middle hole of the detection rod and the radial inclined holes of the detection head, the detection head and the hole wall form a gas film, and when the gas flows out of the radial inclined holes, the flowing direction points to a small gap of the wedge-shaped space; the center distance d2 of the radial holes of the probing head is smaller than the center distance d 1; d2 is the center distance of the tail end of the radial hole of the probe head, and d1 is the center distance of the radial hole of the probe head at the position of the probe rod.
10. According to technical innovation point 1 or 2 hole detection device with prevent that favourable turn constructs, its characterized in that: an upper support and a lower support are arranged below the detection rod, and pressure gas flows into the gas cavities of the upper support and the lower support; the device is provided with an instrument for measuring the gas pressure in the middle hole of the detection rod and an instrument for measuring the gas pressure flowing into the upper support air cavity and the lower support air cavity, and when the aperture of the workpiece to be measured is enlarged and the gas pressure in the detection rod is lowered, the gas pressure flowing into the upper support air cavity and the lower support air cavity is increased.
The present invention is further described below.
1. The detection rod is fixedly connected with the light emitter and can rotate around a first kinematic pair, the first kinematic pair is positioned on the support, and the support can rotate around a second kinematic pair. The first kinematic pair and the second kinematic pair respectively have only one rotational degree of freedom, so the detection rod and the detection head cannot rotate relative to the workpiece. Therefore, the device is provided with an anti-rotation mechanism. This arrangement overcomes measurement errors that may occur in the prior art when the sensing device is rotated within the bore.
2. The detecting head and the hole wall form a gas film, and when gas flows out of the radial inclined hole, the flowing direction points to the small gap of the wedge-shaped space; the center distance d2 of the radial holes of the probing head is smaller than the center distance d 1; d2 is the center distance of the tail end of the radial hole of the probe head, and d1 is the center distance of the radial hole of the probe head at the position of the probe rod. The fluid has the characteristics of self-centering and self-clamping, and when the fluid flows through the cone in the hole, the fluid can be divided into two conditions: first, the fluid flows from the large gap to the small gap with self-centering action, the fluid will correct the eccentricity of the cone and automatically center it in the hole, where the cone is called a down cone. Secondly, the fluid flows from the small gap to the large gap and has an automatic clamping function, the fluid can increase the eccentricity of the cone to automatically clamp the cone on the wall surface of the hole, and the cone is called as an inverted cone. The above principles are referred to in the professors "hydraulic transmission and control" (fourth edition), the third chapter "hydrodynamics basis", the fourth section "pressure flow characteristics of orifices and slits", and "hydraulic clamping" on page 42, which are all compiled by Shenxing. In the invention, the forward cone principle is adopted, and the probe is automatically positioned at the center of the hole to be detected under the action of the gas by utilizing the action of the gas.
3. Because the detection part rotates around the first kinematic pair in space, when the light receiver is placed far away, the variation of the light spot can be larger than the radial variation of the detection head, and the detection precision is improved. The amplification is less pronounced as the light receiver is closer. The amplification is more pronounced as the light receiver is farther away.
4. When the probe is operated in a full circle, the straightness of the bore axis can be measured.
5. When the detection part is separated from the workpiece with the hole, the gas between the upper support and the lower support can be used for buffering, so that the detection part can be prevented from being damaged or deformed.
6. An optical displacement detecting device (e.g., a laser range finder) or a mechanical displacement detecting device detects the moving distance of the holed workpiece or the detecting part with respect to the reference part. The coordinate position of each hole section and the quality condition of each hole section are conveniently determined.
7. When the probe is in line contact or narrow surface contact with the hole wall, the motion interference can be prevented, and the motion flexibility can be ensured. A light shield is arranged outside the light receiver, so that the detection result can be prevented from being influenced by the change of the intensity of external light.
8. The guide body has no error and is straight. When the detection part is static and the workpiece with the hole moves, the distance from the light emitter to the photosensitive sensor is fixed in the detection process, the light spot is stable, and the adverse effect of the change of the center of the light spot caused by the change of the distance of the light source does not exist.
9. When the aperture of the workpiece to be detected is enlarged and the gas pressure in the detection rod is lowered, the gas pressure flowing into the upper support and the lower support gas cavities is increased, so that the detection rod can be prevented from sagging and the detection precision is influenced.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) for the condition that the workpiece with the hole moves, the light spot is stable in the detection process, and the adverse effect of the change of the center of the light spot is eliminated. The advantage is that the patent 'a hole axis straightness laser detection device (Shanxi: CN103175488A, 2013-06-26)', the patent 'a single-laser single-PSD storage type deep hole straightness detection device (Shanxi: CN203981133U, 2014-12-03)', the patent 'circumferential positioning laser deep hole straightness detection device (201510741425.2)', and the patent 'external deep hole straightness detection device and method (201610902545.0)' do not exist. (2) The variation of the light spot can be larger than the radial variation of the probe, so that the device has the function of amplifying errors and high resolution. Therefore, the invention has high detection precision. This is not possible with the prior art techniques for detecting individual associated wells. (4) The dial indicator and the dial indicator do not need to be placed in the hole, and the small-diameter hole can be measured. (5) The probe is in line contact or narrow surface contact with the hole wall, so that motion interference can be prevented. The light shield is arranged, and the influence of the change of the intensity of external light is small. (6) The principle of fluid forward cone self-correction is utilized, so that the probe is automatically centered at the center of the hole. (7) Non-contact measurement can be realized, and friction and wear are reduced. The adverse effect of the surface quality of the hole wall on the detection result can be reduced. (8) The pressure feedback function is provided, and the detection rod can be prevented from sagging.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a hole detecting device with an anti-rotation mechanism.
1-workpiece with holes, 2-sliding body, 3-guiding body, 4-detecting rod, 5-detecting head, 6-operation display portion, 7-photoreceiver, 8-light, 9-phototransmitter, 10-first kinematic pair, 11-support, 12-second kinematic pair, 13-middle hole of detecting rod, 14-radial oblique hole, 15-lower support, 16-air cavity and 17-upper support.
Detailed Description
The following further describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings, and the detailed description does not limit the present invention.
First kinematic pair, second kinematic pair embodiment: with or without bearings.
Embodiments of the probe head: with or without contact with the holes.
Claims (10)
1. Hole detection device with prevent that favourable turn constructs, including optics part, operation display part, benchmark part, drive division, detection part, its characterized in that: the driving part or the human hand enables the workpiece with the hole or the detecting part to move relative to the reference part; the detection part is provided with a part which is contacted with the hole wall or is not contacted with the hole wall; the detection part can rotate around the first kinematic pair or the second kinematic pair; the light and light spots of the optical part can change along with the movement of the workpiece with the hole or the detection part; the light emitter of the optical part is positioned outside the hole; the optical part and the detection part are respectively positioned at two sides of the first kinematic pair; the designed light ray position is coaxial or not coaxial with the central line of the hole, and the operation display part can calculate the light spot position information and display the light spot position change or the information after the light spot position change is converted; the first kinematic pair may be inside or outside the hole.
2. The hole detection method with the anti-rotation mechanism comprises a hole detection device with the anti-rotation mechanism, and is characterized in that the hole detection device comprises an optical part, an operation display part, a reference part, a driving part and a detection part, and the hole detection device is characterized in that: the driving part or the human hand enables the workpiece with the hole or the detecting part to move relative to the reference part; the detection part is provided with a part which is contacted with the hole wall or is not contacted with the hole wall; the detection part can rotate around the first kinematic pair or the second kinematic pair; the light and light spots of the optical part can change along with the movement of the workpiece with the hole or the detection part; the light emitter of the optical part is positioned outside the hole; the optical part and the detection part are respectively positioned at two sides of the first kinematic pair; the designed light ray position is coaxial or not coaxial with the central line of the hole, and the operation display part can calculate the light spot position information and display the light spot position change or the information after the light spot position change is converted; the first kinematic pair can be in the hole or outside the hole; the hole detection method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps that firstly, a workpiece with holes is placed and emits light or emits light and is placed; secondly, moving the workpiece with holes or the detection part along the reference part; and thirdly, solving the hole shape position error according to the light spot information.
3. The hole detecting device with the rotation preventing mechanism according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the reference part is provided with a guide body; the driving part is provided with a sliding body; the detection part is provided with a detection rod and a detection head; the probe is positioned in the hole and is in contact with the hole wall or an air film is arranged between the probe and the hole wall; the optical part is provided with a light emitter, a light ray and a light receiver; the detection head is positioned on the detection rod, and when a human hand or the driving part drives the detection part or the workpiece with the hole to move along the guide body, the detection rod can rotate around the first kinematic pair or the second kinematic pair along with the change of the detection head relative to the reference part; the emitted light is emitted to a light receiver; the change in the position of the probe rod causes a change in the position of the spot on the light emitter, light ray and light receiver.
4. The hole detecting device with the rotation preventing mechanism according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the variation of the light spot is larger than or equal to or smaller than that of the probe head; the light receiver is externally provided with a light shield.
5. The hole detecting device with the rotation preventing mechanism according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the information after the light spot position conversion is the straightness or perpendicularity or parallelism or inclination of the hole.
6. The hole detecting device with the rotation prevention mechanism according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the detecting portion is capable of automatically adapting to a change in the hole diameter, and a gap adjusting device is provided at the first pair of moving members or the second pair of moving members; the first kinematic pair and the second kinematic pair respectively have only one rotational degree of freedom.
7. The hole inspection device with an anti-rotation mechanism according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the guide body is a machine tool guide rail or other guide object, and the sliding body is a machine tool carriage or other sliding body; an optical displacement detecting device or a mechanical displacement detecting device detects the moving distance of the holed workpiece or the detecting part relative to the reference part.
8. The hole detecting device with the rotation preventing mechanism according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the detection rod is integrated or split, and the split detection rod can be disassembled and assembled into an integrated body after being disassembled; the probe head is made of quenching material or hard alloy or gem or diamond.
9. The hole detecting device with the rotation preventing mechanism according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: no hole or hole is arranged in the detection rod; when no hole is formed in the detection rod, the detection head is in line contact or narrow surface contact with the hole wall; when a hole is formed in the detection rod, the structure of the detection head is conical, an annular wedge-shaped space is formed by the detection head and the hole wall of the workpiece to be detected, a plurality of radial inclined holes are distributed on the detection head along the circumference, pressurized gas flows into the middle hole of the detection rod and the radial inclined holes of the detection head, the detection head and the hole wall form a gas film, and when the gas flows out of the radial inclined holes, the flowing direction points to a small gap of the wedge-shaped space; the center distance d2 of the radial holes of the probing head is smaller than the center distance d 1; d2 is the center distance of the tail end of the radial hole of the probe head, and d1 is the center distance of the radial hole of the probe head at the position of the probe rod.
10. The hole detecting device with the rotation preventing mechanism according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: an upper support and a lower support are arranged below the detection rod, and pressure gas flows into the gas cavities of the upper support and the lower support; the device is provided with an instrument for measuring the gas pressure in the middle hole of the detection rod and an instrument for measuring the gas pressure flowing into the upper support air cavity and the lower support air cavity, and when the aperture of the workpiece to be measured is enlarged and the gas pressure in the detection rod is lowered, the gas pressure flowing into the upper support air cavity and the lower support air cavity is increased.
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