CN112648937B - Hole detection device and detection method with anti-rotation mechanism - Google Patents

Hole detection device and detection method with anti-rotation mechanism Download PDF

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CN112648937B
CN112648937B CN201911004315.2A CN201911004315A CN112648937B CN 112648937 B CN112648937 B CN 112648937B CN 201911004315 A CN201911004315 A CN 201911004315A CN 112648937 B CN112648937 B CN 112648937B
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hole
detection
light
kinematic pair
workpiece
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CN112648937A (en
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沈兴全
于大国
苗鸿宾
薄瑞峰
辛志杰
庞俊忠
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North University of China
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/26Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01BMEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G01B11/26Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
    • G01B11/27Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes for testing the alignment of axes

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the field of machining and detection, and particularly relates to a hole detection device with an anti-rotation mechanism and a detection method. The workpiece is moved relative to the datum. The detection part can rotate around the first kinematic pair and the second kinematic pair but can not rotate in the detected hole. The spot is varied by the hole error and detected. The pore detection method comprises the following steps: firstly, placing a workpiece and emitting light; secondly, moving the workpiece; and thirdly, solving the hole shape and position errors. The invention has the following advantages: the detection part can not rotate in the hole, so that errors caused by the rotation can be avoided; the light spot is stable and is not influenced by external light; has the function of amplifying errors; a small hole can be detected; the pressure feedback function is provided, and the detecting rod can be prevented from sagging; the fluid forward cone self-correction principle is utilized to automatically center the probe at the center of the hole; the non-contact measurement can be realized, the friction and the abrasion are reduced, and the adverse effect of the surface quality of the hole wall on the detection result can be reduced.

Description

带有防转机构的孔检测装置与检测方法Hole detection device and detection method with anti-rotation mechanism

技术领域technical field

本发明属于机械加工与检测领域,具体涉及带有防转机构的孔检测装置与检测方法。本发明特别适用于深孔的检测。The invention belongs to the field of mechanical processing and detection, and in particular relates to a hole detection device and a detection method with an anti-rotation mechanism. The invention is especially suitable for the detection of deep holes.

背景技术Background technique

在检测孔或深孔零件时,防止测量工具在孔内的旋转,利于掌握孔的加工误差的方位,对于控制孔的质量是有意义的。针对这一技术问题,研究人员进行了多方面努力,并申请了专利“带有防转机构的激光深孔直线度检测装置”,申请号为201610194592.4。When inspecting holes or deep-hole parts, preventing the rotation of the measuring tool in the hole is beneficial to grasp the orientation of the machining error of the hole, which is meaningful for controlling the quality of the hole. In response to this technical problem, researchers have made various efforts and applied for a patent "Laser deep hole straightness detection device with anti-rotation mechanism", the application number is 201610194592.4.

发明内容Contents of the invention

本发明的目的:设计孔检测装置及其使用方法,并针对测量工具在孔内旋转的问题,提供防止旋转的机构,并探讨非接触式测量。The purpose of the present invention is to design a hole detection device and its use method, and to provide a mechanism to prevent the rotation of the measuring tool in the hole, and to explore non-contact measurement.

本发明通过以下技术创新点实现。The present invention is realized through the following technical innovations.

1.带有防转机构的孔检测装置,包括光学部分、运算显示部分、基准部分、驱动部分、探测部分,其特征在于:所述的驱动部分或人手使带孔工件或探测部分相对于基准部分移动;探测部分有与孔壁接触的零件或不与孔壁接触;探测部分能够绕第一运动副或第二运动副旋转;光学部分的光线及光斑能随带孔工件或探测部分的运动而变化;光学部分的光发射器位于孔外;光学部分与探测部分分别位于第一运动副的两侧;所设计的光线位置与孔的中心线同轴或不同轴,运算显示部分能对光斑位置信息进行计算、显示光斑位置变化或其变换后的信息;所述的第一运动副可以在孔内或孔外。1. A hole detection device with an anti-rotation mechanism, including an optical part, an operation display part, a reference part, a driving part, and a detection part, characterized in that: the driving part or the human hand make the workpiece with a hole or the detection part relative to the reference part of the movement; the detection part has parts in contact with the hole wall or not in contact with the hole wall; the detection part can rotate around the first kinematic pair or the second kinematic pair; change; the light emitter of the optical part is located outside the hole; the optical part and the detection part are respectively located on both sides of the first kinematic pair; the designed light position is coaxial or not coaxial with the center line of the hole, and the calculation display part can control the spot The position information is used to calculate and display the spot position change or its transformed information; the first kinematic pair can be inside or outside the hole.

2.带有防转机构的孔检测方法包括带有防转机构的孔检测装置,有光学部分、运算显示部分、基准部分、驱动部分、探测部分,其特征在于:所述的驱动部分或人手使带孔工件或探测部分相对于基准部分移动;探测部分有与孔壁接触的零件或不与孔壁接触;探测部分能够绕第一运动副或第二运动副旋转;光学部分的光线及光斑能随带孔工件或探测部分的运动而变化;光学部分的光发射器位于孔外;光学部分与探测部分分别位于第一运动副的两侧;所设计的光线位置与孔的中心线同轴或不同轴,运算显示部分能对光斑位置信息进行计算、显示光斑位置变化或其变换后的信息;所述的第一运动副可以在孔内或孔外;孔检测方法的步骤为:第一步,放置带孔工件并发出光线或者发出光线并放置带孔工件;第二步,使带孔工件或探测部分沿基准部分移动;第三步,根据光斑信息求孔形状位置误差。2. The hole detection method with an anti-rotation mechanism includes a hole detection device with an anti-rotation mechanism, which has an optical part, an operation display part, a reference part, a driving part, and a detection part, and is characterized in that: the driving part or manual Make the workpiece with a hole or the detection part move relative to the reference part; the detection part has parts in contact with the hole wall or not in contact with the hole wall; the detection part can rotate around the first kinematic pair or the second kinematic pair; the light and spot of the optical part It can change with the movement of the workpiece with a hole or the detection part; the light emitter of the optical part is located outside the hole; the optical part and the detection part are respectively located on both sides of the first kinematic pair; the designed light position is coaxial with the center line of the hole or Different axes, the calculation and display part can calculate the position information of the spot, display the change of the position of the spot or its transformed information; the first kinematic pair can be inside or outside the hole; the steps of the hole detection method are: first The first step is to place the workpiece with a hole and emit light or emit light and place a workpiece with a hole; the second step is to move the workpiece with a hole or the detection part along the reference part; the third step is to calculate the position error of the hole shape according to the light spot information.

3.根据技术创新点1或2所述的带有防转机构的孔检测装置,其特征在于:所述的基准部分有导向体;所述的驱动部分有滑动体;所述的探测部分有探测杆、探测头;探测头位于孔内,与孔壁接触或与孔壁之间有气膜;所述的光学部分有光发射器、光线、光接收器;探测头位于探测杆上,当人手或驱动部分带动探测部分或带孔工件沿导向体运动时,探测杆能够随探测头相对基准部分的变化绕第一运动副或第二运动副旋转;所发出的光线射向光接收器;探索杆位置的变化引起光发射器、光线和光接收器上光斑位置发生变化。3. The hole detection device with an anti-rotation mechanism according to the technical innovation point 1 or 2, characterized in that: the reference part has a guide body; the driving part has a sliding body; the detection part has a Detection rod, detection head; the detection head is located in the hole, in contact with the hole wall or there is an air film between the hole wall; the optical part has a light emitter, light, and light receiver; the detection head is located on the detection rod, when When the human hand or the driving part drives the detection part or the workpiece with holes to move along the guide body, the detection rod can rotate around the first kinematic pair or the second kinematic pair with the change of the probe head relative to the reference part; the emitted light is directed to the light receiver; Changes in the position of the search rod cause changes in the positions of the light spots on the light emitter, light and light receiver.

4.根据技术创新点1或2所述的带有防转机构的孔检测装置,其特征在于:光斑的变动量大于或等于或小于探测头的变动量;光接收器外有遮光罩。4. The hole detection device with an anti-rotation mechanism according to the technical innovation point 1 or 2, characterized in that: the variation of the light spot is greater than or equal to or smaller than the variation of the detection head; there is a light shield outside the light receiver.

5.根据技术创新点1或2所述的带有防转机构的孔检测装置,其特征在于:所述的光斑位置变换后的信息为孔的直线度或垂直度或平行度或倾斜度。5. The hole detection device with an anti-rotation mechanism according to the technical innovation point 1 or 2, characterized in that: the information of the transformed light spot position is the straightness or verticality or parallelism or inclination of the hole.

6.根据技术创新点1或2所述的带有防转机构的孔检测装置,其特征在于,探测部分能够自动适应孔径的变化,在第一运动副或第二运动副处有间隙调整装置;第一运动副、第二运动副分别只有一个旋转自由度。6. The hole detection device with anti-rotation mechanism according to the technical innovation point 1 or 2 is characterized in that the detection part can automatically adapt to the change of the hole diameter, and there is a gap adjustment device at the first kinematic pair or the second kinematic pair ; The first kinematic pair and the second kinematic pair have only one rotational degree of freedom respectively.

7.根据技术创新点1或2所述的带有防转机构的孔检测装置,其特征在于,所述的导向体为机床导轨或其它导向物体,所述滑动体为机床溜板或其它滑动物体;光学位移检测装置或机械位移检测装置检测带孔工件或探测部分相对于基准部分的移动距离。7. The hole detection device with anti-rotation mechanism according to the technical innovation point 1 or 2, characterized in that, the guide body is a machine tool guide rail or other guide objects, and the sliding body is a machine tool slide plate or other sliding Object; optical displacement detection device or mechanical displacement detection device detects the movement distance of a workpiece with a hole or a detection part relative to a reference part.

8.根据技术创新点1或2所述的带有防转机构的孔检测装置,其特征在于:探测杆是整体或分体式,分体式探测杆能够被拆开、拆开后能够被组装为整体;探测头采用淬火材料或硬质合金或宝石或金刚石。8. The hole detection device with an anti-rotation mechanism according to the technical innovation point 1 or 2 is characterized in that: the detection rod is integral or split type, and the split type detection rod can be disassembled, and can be assembled into a Integral; the probe head is made of hardened material or hard alloy or gemstone or diamond.

9.根据技术创新点1或2所述的带有防转机构的孔检测装置,其特征在于:探测杆内无孔或有孔;当探测杆内无孔时,探测头与孔壁为线接触或狭窄面接触;当探测杆内有孔时,探测头的结构带有锥形,探测头与被测工件的孔壁形成环形楔形空间,在探测头上沿圆周分布有多个径向斜孔,有压气体流入探测杆中孔和探测头径向斜孔,探测头与孔壁形成气膜,气体流出径向斜孔时,流动方向指向楔形空间的小间隙;探测头径向孔的中心距d2小于中心距d1;d2为探测头径向孔末端的中心距,d1为探测头径向孔在探测杆处的中心距。9. The hole detection device with an anti-rotation mechanism according to the technical innovation point 1 or 2 is characterized in that: there is no hole or a hole in the detection rod; when there is no hole in the detection rod, the detection head and the hole wall are in line Contact or narrow surface contact; when there is a hole in the probe rod, the structure of the probe head is tapered, and the probe head and the hole wall of the workpiece to be tested form an annular wedge-shaped space, and there are multiple radial slopes distributed along the circumference of the probe head The pressurized gas flows into the middle hole of the detection rod and the radial oblique hole of the detection head, and the detection head and the hole wall form a gas film. When the gas flows out of the radial oblique hole, the flow direction points to the small gap in the wedge-shaped space; the radial hole of the detection head The center distance d2 is smaller than the center distance d1; d2 is the center distance of the end of the radial hole of the probe head, and d1 is the center distance of the radial hole of the probe head at the probe rod.

10.根据技术创新点1或2所述的带有防转机构的孔检测装置,其特征在于:在探测杆下方设有上支撑、下支撑,有压气体流入上支撑、下支撑的气腔;设有测量探测杆中孔内气体压力的仪表,设有测量流入上支撑、下支撑气腔气体压力的仪表,当被测工件孔径变大,探测杆内气体压力变低时,流入上支撑、下支撑气腔的气体压力升高。10. The hole detection device with an anti-rotation mechanism according to the technical innovation point 1 or 2, characterized in that: an upper support and a lower support are provided under the detection rod, and pressurized gas flows into the air cavity of the upper support and the lower support ; There is an instrument for measuring the gas pressure in the hole in the detection rod, and an instrument for measuring the gas pressure flowing into the upper support and the lower support air cavity. , The gas pressure in the lower supporting air chamber increases.

以下对本发明作进一步说明。The present invention will be further described below.

1、探测杆与光发射器固连,可绕第一运动副旋转,第一运动副位于支撑上,支撑可绕第二运动副旋转。第一运动副、第二运动副分别只有一个旋转自由度,因此,探测杆、探测头不能相对工件旋转。所以,本装置带有防转机构。这种方案克服了现有技术中检测装置在孔内旋转可能产生的测量误差。1. The detection rod is fixedly connected with the light emitter, and can rotate around the first kinematic pair. The first kinematic pair is located on the support, and the support can rotate around the second kinematic pair. The first kinematic pair and the second kinematic pair have only one rotational degree of freedom respectively, therefore, the detection rod and the detection head cannot rotate relative to the workpiece. Therefore, the device has an anti-rotation mechanism. This solution overcomes the measurement error that may be generated by the detection device rotating in the hole in the prior art.

2、探测头与孔壁形成气膜,气体流出径向斜孔时,流动方向指向楔形空间的小间隙;探测头径向孔的中心距d2小于中心距d1;d2为探测头径向孔末端的中心距,d1为探测头径向孔在探测杆处的中心距。流体具有自动定心和自动卡紧的特性,流体在孔内流过圆锥体时,可以分为两种情况:第一,流体从大间隙流向小间隙,具有自动定心作用,流体会拨正锥体的偏心,使其自动定位于孔的中心,这时的锥体被称之为顺锥。第二,流体从小间隙流向大间隙,具有自动卡紧作用,流体会加大锥体的偏心,使其自动卡紧于孔的壁面,这时的锥体被称之为倒锥。以上原理参见沈兴全主编的教材《液压传动与控制》(第四版)、第三章“液压流体力学基础”、第四节“孔口和缝隙的压力流量特性”、第42页中的“液压卡紧现象”。在本发明中,采用顺锥原理,利用气体的作用力,使探测头在气体的作用力下,自动定位于被测孔的中心。2. The probe and the hole wall form a gas film. When the gas flows out of the radially inclined hole, the flow direction points to the small gap in the wedge-shaped space; the center distance d2 of the radial hole of the probe is smaller than the center distance d1; d2 is the end of the radial hole of the probe d1 is the center distance of the radial hole of the probe head at the probe rod. The fluid has the characteristics of self-centering and self-clamping. When the fluid flows through the cone in the hole, it can be divided into two situations: first, the fluid flows from the large gap to the small gap, which has the function of self-centering, and the fluid will be straightened. The eccentricity of the cone makes it automatically positioned in the center of the hole, and the cone at this time is called a forward cone. Second, the fluid flows from the small gap to the large gap, which has an automatic clamping effect. The fluid will increase the eccentricity of the cone and make it automatically clamp on the wall of the hole. The cone at this time is called an inverted cone. For the above principles, refer to the textbook "Hydraulic Transmission and Control" (Fourth Edition) edited by Shen Xingquan, Chapter 3 "Basics of Hydraulic Fluid Mechanics", Section 4 "Pressure and Flow Characteristics of Orifices and Gap", and "Hydraulic Fluid Mechanics" on page 42. Jamming phenomenon". In the present invention, the down-cone principle is adopted, and the force of the gas is used to automatically position the detection head at the center of the measured hole under the force of the gas.

3、由于探测部分绕第一运动副在空间内旋转,因此,当光接收器放置较远时,光斑的变动量可以大于探测头的径向变动量,利于提高检测精度。当光接收器越近时,放大作用越不明显。当光接收器越远时,放大作用越明显。3. Since the detection part rotates in space around the first kinematic pair, when the optical receiver is placed far away, the fluctuation of the light spot can be greater than the radial fluctuation of the detection head, which is beneficial to improve the detection accuracy. The amplification becomes less pronounced the closer the photoreceptor is closer. The amplification effect is more obvious when the light receiver is farther away.

4、在探测头以整圆工作时,可以测得孔轴线的直线度。4. When the probe head works in a full circle, the straightness of the hole axis can be measured.

5、探测部分脱离带孔工件时,可由上支撑、下支撑之间的气体缓冲,能防止探测部分损坏或变形。5. When the detection part is separated from the workpiece with holes, it can be buffered by the gas between the upper support and the lower support, which can prevent the detection part from being damaged or deformed.

6、光学位移检测装置(例如激光测距仪)或机械位移检测装置检测带孔工件或探测部分相对于基准部分的移动距离。便于确定各个孔截面的坐标位置及其质量状况。6. An optical displacement detection device (such as a laser range finder) or a mechanical displacement detection device detects the moving distance of the workpiece with a hole or the detection part relative to the reference part. It is convenient to determine the coordinate position and quality status of each hole section.

7、探测头与孔壁为线接触或狭窄面接触时,可防止运动干涉,并利于保证运动的灵活性。光接收器外有遮光罩,可以防止外部光线强弱变化影响检测结果。7. When the detection head is in line contact or narrow surface contact with the hole wall, it can prevent movement interference and ensure the flexibility of movement. There is a hood outside the light receiver, which can prevent changes in the intensity of external light from affecting the detection results.

8、导向体不存在误差,是笔直的。当探测部分静止、带孔工件移动时,检测过程中光发射器到光敏传感器的距离是固定的,光斑稳定,不存在光源远近变化造成光斑中心变动的不良影响。8. There is no error in the guide body and it is straight. When the detection part is stationary and the workpiece with holes moves, the distance from the light emitter to the photosensitive sensor is fixed during the detection process, the light spot is stable, and there is no adverse effect of the change of the light spot center caused by the distance change of the light source.

9、当被测工件孔径变大,探测杆内气体压力变低时,流入上支撑、下支撑气腔的气体压力升高,可以防止探测杆下垂,影响检测精度。9. When the aperture of the measured workpiece becomes larger and the gas pressure in the detection rod becomes lower, the pressure of the gas flowing into the upper support and lower support air chambers increases, which can prevent the detection rod from drooping and affect the detection accuracy.

本发明的有益效果:(1)对于带孔工件移动的情况,检测过程中光斑稳定,排除了光斑中心变动的不良影响。这个优点是专利“一种孔轴线直线度激光检测装置(山西:CN103175488A,2013-06-26)”、专利“一种单激光单PSD储存式深孔直线度检测装置(山西:CN203981133U,2014-12-03)”、专利“圆周定位激光深孔直线度检测装置(201510741425.2)”、专利“外置式深孔直线度检测装置与方法(201610902545.0)”不具备的。(2)光斑的变动量可以大于探测头的径向变动量,具有放大误差的作用,分辨率高。因此,本发明检测精度很高。这是现有各个相关的孔的检测技术所没有的。(4)不需要将百分表、千分表放入孔中,可测量小直径孔。(5)探测头与孔壁为线接触或狭窄面接触,可防止运动干涉。设有遮光罩,外部光线强弱变化影响小。(6)利用了流体顺锥自纠偏原理,使探测头自动定心于孔的中心。(7)可实现非接触式测量,减少了摩擦磨损。可减小孔壁表面质量对检测结果的不良影响。(8)具有压力反馈功能,可防止探测杆下垂。The beneficial effects of the present invention: (1) For the situation that the workpiece with the hole moves, the light spot is stable during the detection process, and the bad influence of the change of the center of the light spot is eliminated. This advantage is the patent "a laser detection device for straightness of hole axis (Shanxi: CN103175488A, 2013-06-26)", the patent "a single laser single PSD storage type deep hole straightness detection device (Shanxi: CN203981133U, 2014- 12-03)", the patent "circumferential positioning laser deep hole straightness detection device (201510741425.2)", the patent "external deep hole straightness detection device and method (201610902545.0)" does not have. (2) The variation of the light spot can be greater than the radial variation of the probe head, which has the function of amplifying errors and has high resolution. Therefore, the detection accuracy of the present invention is very high. This is not available in the existing detection technology of each relevant hole. (4) There is no need to put the dial gauge or dial gauge into the hole, and it can measure small diameter holes. (5) The detection head is in line contact or narrow surface contact with the hole wall, which can prevent movement interference. Equipped with a sunshade, the influence of changes in the intensity of external light is small. (6) Utilizes the principle of fluid self-correction along the cone, so that the detection head is automatically centered at the center of the hole. (7) Non-contact measurement can be realized, reducing friction and wear. It can reduce the adverse effect of the surface quality of the hole wall on the detection result. (8) With pressure feedback function, it can prevent the detection rod from drooping.

附图说明Description of drawings

图1是带有防转机构的孔检测装置的示意图。Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a hole detection device with an anti-rotation mechanism.

1-带孔工件,2-滑动体,3-导向体,4-探测杆,5-探测头,6-运算显示部分,7-光接收器,8-光线,9-光发射器,10-第一运动副,11-支撑,12-第二运动副,13-探测杆中孔,14-径向斜孔,15-下支撑,16-气腔,17-上支撑。1-workpiece with holes, 2-sliding body, 3-guide body, 4-detection rod, 5-detection head, 6-operation display part, 7-light receiver, 8-light, 9-light transmitter, 10- The first kinematic pair, 11-support, 12-the second kinematic pair, 13-the middle hole of the detection rod, 14-the radial oblique hole, 15-the lower support, 16-the air cavity, 17-the upper support.

具体实施方式detailed description

以下结合附图对本发明实施方式作进一步说明,具体实施方式不对本发明做任何限制。The embodiments of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings, and the specific embodiments do not limit the present invention in any way.

第一运动副、第二运动副具体实施方式:带轴承或不带轴承。The specific implementation mode of the first kinematic pair and the second kinematic pair: with or without bearings.

探测头的具体实施方式:与孔接触或不与孔接触。Specific implementation of the probe head: in contact with the hole or not in contact with the hole.

Claims (10)

1.一种带有防转机构的孔检测装置,包括光学部分、运算显示部分、基准部分、驱动部分、探测部分,其特征在于:所述的驱动部分或人手使带孔工件或探测部分相对于基准部分移动;探测部分有与孔壁接触的零件或不与孔壁接触;探测部分能够绕第一运动副或第二运动副旋转;光学部分的光线及光斑能随带孔工件或探测部分的运动而变化;光学部分的光发射器位于孔外;光学部分与探测部分分别位于第一运动副的两侧;所设计的光线位置与孔的中心线同轴或不同轴,运算显示部分能对光斑位置信息进行计算、显示光斑位置变化或其变换后的信息;所述的第一运动副可以在孔内或孔外;当探测部分不与孔壁接触时,探测头的结构带有锥形,探测头与被测工件的孔壁形成环形楔形空间,在探测头上沿圆周分布有多个径向斜孔,有压气体流入探测杆中孔和探测头径向斜孔,探测头与孔壁形成气膜,气体流出径向斜孔时,流动方向指向楔形空间的小间隙。1. A hole detection device with an anti-rotation mechanism, comprising an optical part, a calculation display part, a reference part, a driving part, and a detection part, characterized in that: the driving part or the human hand make the workpiece with a hole or the detection part relatively The detection part has parts in contact with the hole wall or not in contact with the hole wall; the detection part can rotate around the first kinematic pair or the second kinematic pair; The light emitter of the optical part is located outside the hole; the optical part and the detection part are respectively located on both sides of the first motion pair; the designed light position is coaxial or not coaxial with the center line of the hole, and the calculation display part can Calculate the position information of the spot, display the change of the position of the spot or its transformed information; the first kinematic pair can be inside or outside the hole; when the detection part is not in contact with the hole wall, the structure of the probe head has a cone The probe head and the hole wall of the workpiece to be tested form an annular wedge-shaped space. There are a number of radial oblique holes distributed along the circumference of the probe head. The pressurized gas flows into the middle hole of the probe rod and the radial oblique hole of the probe head. The hole wall forms a gas film, and when the gas flows out of the radially inclined hole, the flow direction points to the small gap in the wedge-shaped space. 2.根据权利要求1所述的带有防转机构的孔检测装置,其特征在于:所述的基准部分有导向体;所述的驱动部分有滑动体;所述的探测部分有探测杆、探测头;探测头位于孔内,与孔壁接触或与孔壁之间有气膜;所述的光学部分有光发射器、光线、光接收器;探测头位于探测杆上,当人手或驱动部分带动探测部分或带孔工件沿导向体运动时,探测杆能够随探测头相对基准部分的变化绕第一运动副或第二运动副旋转;所发出的光线射向光接收器;探索杆位置的变化引起光发射器、光线和光接收器上光斑位置发生变化。2. The hole detection device with anti-rotation mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: the reference part has a guide body; the driving part has a sliding body; the detection part has a detection rod, Probing head; the probing head is located in the hole, in contact with the hole wall or there is an air film between the hole wall; the optical part has a light emitter, light, and light receiver; When the part drives the detection part or the workpiece with holes to move along the guide body, the detection rod can rotate around the first kinematic pair or the second kinematic pair with the change of the probe head relative to the reference part; the emitted light is directed to the light receiver; the position of the probe rod The change of the light causes the position of the light spot on the light emitter, the light and the light receiver to change. 3.根据权利要求1所述的带有防转机构的孔检测装置,其特征在于:光斑的变动量大于或等于或小于探测头的变动量;光接收器外有遮光罩。3. The hole detection device with anti-rotation mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: the variation of the light spot is greater than or equal to or smaller than the variation of the probe head; and there is a shading cover outside the light receiver. 4.根据权利要求1所述的带有防转机构的孔检测装置,其特征在于:所述的光斑位置变换后的信息为孔的直线度或垂直度或平行度或倾斜度。4. The hole detection device with anti-rotation mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: the information after the transformation of the spot position is the straightness or verticality or parallelism or inclination of the hole. 5.根据权利要求1所述的带有防转机构的孔检测装置,其特征在于,探测部分能够自动适应孔径的变化,在第一运动副或第二运动副处有间隙调整装置;第一运动副、第二运动副分别只有一个旋转自由度。5. The hole detection device with anti-rotation mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that the detection part can automatically adapt to the change of aperture, and there is a gap adjustment device at the first kinematic pair or the second kinematic pair; the first The kinematic pair and the second kinematic pair have only one rotational degree of freedom respectively. 6.根据权利要求1所述的带有防转机构的孔检测装置,其特征在于,所述的基准部分有导向体;所述的驱动部分有滑动体;导向体为机床导轨或其它导向物体,滑动体为机床溜板或其它滑动物体;光学位移检测装置或机械位移检测装置检测带孔工件或探测部分相对于基准部分的移动距离。6. The hole detection device with anti-rotation mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, the reference part has a guide body; the driving part has a sliding body; the guide body is a machine tool guide rail or other guide objects , the sliding body is a machine slide or other sliding objects; the optical displacement detection device or the mechanical displacement detection device detects the moving distance of the workpiece with holes or the detection part relative to the reference part. 7.根据权利要求1所述的带有防转机构的孔检测装置,其特征在于:探测杆是整体或分体式,分体式探测杆能够被拆开、拆开后能够被组装为整体;探测头采用淬火材料或硬质合金或宝石或金刚石。7. The hole detection device with an anti-rotation mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: the detection rod is integral or split, the split detection rod can be disassembled, and can be assembled into a whole after disassembly; The head adopts hardened material or hard alloy or gemstone or diamond. 8.根据权利要求1所述的带有防转机构的孔检测装置,其特征在于:探测杆内无孔或有孔;当探测杆内无孔时,探测头与孔壁为线接触或狭窄面接触;当探测杆内有孔时,探测头的结构带有锥形。8. The hole detection device with anti-rotation mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: there is no hole or a hole in the detection rod; when there is no hole in the detection rod, the detection head and the hole wall are in line contact or narrow Surface contact; when there is a hole in the probe rod, the structure of the probe head is tapered. 9.根据权利要求1所述的带有防转机构的孔检测装置,其特征在于:在探测杆下方设有上支撑、下支撑,有压气体流入上支撑、下支撑的气腔;设有测量探测杆中孔内气体压力的仪表,设有测量流入上支撑、下支撑气腔气体压力的仪表,当被测工件孔径变大,探测杆内气体压力变低时,流入上支撑、下支撑气腔的气体压力升高。9. The hole detection device with an anti-rotation mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that: an upper support and a lower support are provided under the detection rod, and pressurized gas flows into the air cavity of the upper support and the lower support; The instrument for measuring the gas pressure in the hole in the detection rod is equipped with an instrument for measuring the gas pressure flowing into the upper support and the lower support air cavity. The gas pressure in the air cavity increases. 10.一种带有防转机构的孔检测方法,包括带有防转机构的孔检测装置,有光学部分、运算显示部分、基准部分、驱动部分、探测部分,其特征在于:所述的驱动部分或人手使带孔工件或探测部分相对于基准部分移动;探测部分有与孔壁接触的零件或不与孔壁接触;探测部分能够绕第一运动副或第二运动副旋转;光学部分的光线及光斑能随带孔工件或探测部分的运动而变化;光学部分的光发射器位于孔外;光学部分与探测部分分别位于第一运动副的两侧;所设计的光线位置与孔的中心线同轴或不同轴,运算显示部分能对光斑位置信息进行计算、显示光斑位置变化或其变换后的信息;所述的第一运动副可以在孔内或孔外;当探测部分不与孔壁接触时,探测头的结构带有锥形,探测头与被测工件的孔壁形成环形楔形空间,在探测头上沿圆周分布有多个径向斜孔,有压气体流入探测杆中孔和探测头径向斜孔,探测头与孔壁形成气膜,气体流出径向斜孔时,流动方向指向楔形空间的小间隙;孔检测方法的步骤为:第一步,放置带孔工件并发出光线或者发出光线并放置带孔工件;第二步,使带孔工件或探测部分沿基准部分移动;第三步,根据光斑信息求孔形状位置误差。10. A hole detection method with an anti-rotation mechanism, comprising a hole detection device with an anti-rotation mechanism, including an optical part, an operation display part, a reference part, a driving part, and a detection part, characterized in that: the drive The part or human hand moves the workpiece with a hole or the detection part relative to the reference part; the detection part has parts in contact with the hole wall or not in contact with the hole wall; the detection part can rotate around the first kinematic pair or the second kinematic pair; the optical part The light and spot can change with the movement of the workpiece with holes or the detection part; the light emitter of the optical part is located outside the hole; the optical part and the detection part are respectively located on both sides of the first kinematic pair; the designed light position and the center line of the hole Coaxial or non-axial, the calculation and display part can calculate the information of the spot position, display the change of the spot position or its transformed information; the first kinematic pair can be inside or outside the hole; when the detection part is not in contact with the hole When the wall is in contact, the structure of the probe head is tapered, and the probe head forms an annular wedge-shaped space with the hole wall of the workpiece to be measured. There are a number of radial oblique holes distributed along the circumference of the probe head, and the pressurized gas flows into the middle hole of the probe rod. and the radial oblique hole of the detection head, the detection head and the hole wall form a gas film, and when the gas flows out of the radial oblique hole, the flow direction points to the small gap in the wedge-shaped space; the steps of the hole detection method are: the first step, place the workpiece with the hole and Send out light or send out light and place the workpiece with a hole; the second step is to move the workpiece with a hole or the detection part along the reference part; the third step is to calculate the position error of the hole shape according to the light spot information.
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