CN110231002B - Horizontal hole detector - Google Patents
Horizontal hole detector Download PDFInfo
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- CN110231002B CN110231002B CN201910587360.9A CN201910587360A CN110231002B CN 110231002 B CN110231002 B CN 110231002B CN 201910587360 A CN201910587360 A CN 201910587360A CN 110231002 B CN110231002 B CN 110231002B
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- hole
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/26—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/26—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
- G01B11/27—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes for testing the alignment of axes
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- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Length Measuring Devices By Optical Means (AREA)
Abstract
本发明属于机械制造领域，具体涉及卧式孔检测仪，检测孔直线度、孔相对于其定位基准的垂直度、平行度、倾斜度等误差。仪器包括导向基准、驱动装置、探测装置、光学装置等。带孔工件或探测装置可相对于导向基准移动，其运动方向与水平面的夹角小于、等于45度。探测装置能够绕支点在空间内摆动，其一端与孔壁接触。光线从孔的外部或内部穿过，光线及光斑随探测装置的摆动而变化，由光斑位置信息求出孔直线度等误差。当光线的长度大于工件的长度时，可以将误差放大后显示出；在一次检测中，光发射器到光接收器之间的距离是不变的，因此检测精度高。仪器卧式放置，中心低，稳定性好，操作方便。能用于大、小直径孔的检测。
The invention belongs to the field of mechanical manufacturing, and in particular relates to a horizontal hole detector for detecting errors such as hole straightness, verticality, parallelism and inclination of the hole relative to its positioning reference. The instrument includes guiding datum, driving device, detecting device, optical device, etc. The workpiece with holes or the detection device can move relative to the guide reference, and the included angle between its moving direction and the horizontal plane is less than or equal to 45 degrees. The detection device can swing around the fulcrum in space, and one end of the detection device is in contact with the hole wall. The light passes through the outside or inside of the hole, and the light and the spot change with the swing of the detection device, and errors such as the straightness of the hole are obtained from the position information of the spot. When the length of the light is greater than the length of the workpiece, the error can be amplified and displayed; in one inspection, the distance between the light transmitter and the light receiver is unchanged, so the detection accuracy is high. The instrument is placed horizontally, with a low center, good stability and easy operation. Can be used for the detection of large and small diameter holes.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of machining and detection of mechanical manufactured holes, and particularly relates to a horizontal hole detector.
Background
A common method for detecting hole straightness errors in a machine manufacturing plant is: two-end wall thickness measurement comparison scheme. After the part is machined, wall thicknesses of two ends of the part are detected by using a vernier caliper or an ultrasonic thickness gauge, comparison is carried out, and the hole linearity error is judged according to the difference of the wall thicknesses of the two ends. This approach is a qualitative judgment. Researchers also provide various schemes for detecting the straightness error of the deep hole by using optical technologies such as laser, and for example, an optical detection method for the straightness error of the gun barrel is provided, and the straightness error of the hole is reflected by using the position change of a light spot. In the prior art, the light emitter is often moved relative to the light receiver, and therefore, the distance from the light source to the photosensitive sensor is varied. When the manufacturing quality and accuracy of the light emitter or the sensor are not high, the light spot is stable, and the center of the light spot can drift, so that the hole straightness detection accuracy is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The purpose of the invention is as follows: and (3) detecting hole straightness accuracy or other form and position errors by using an optical principle to obtain a high-precision detection result.
The invention adopts the following innovative technical scheme.
1. Horizontal hole detector includes detecting device, direction benchmark, drive arrangement, optical device, strutting arrangement, and reading device, its characterized in that: the included angle between the motion direction of the workpiece with the hole or the detection device and the horizontal plane is less than or equal to 45 degrees; the driving device or the human hand moves the workpiece or the detection device relative to the guide datum; one end of the detection device is provided with a fulcrum which can swing in the space around the fulcrum, and the other end of the detection device is contacted with the hole wall; the light and the light spots of the optical device change along with the swinging of the detection device; the reading device displays the position of the light spot or the information after the light spot is converted; light passes through the outside or inside of the hole; the optical device comprises a light emitter, a light ray and a light receiver, wherein the length of the light ray is greater than or less than or equal to the length of the workpiece, and the distance between the light emitter and the light receiver is constant in one detection.
2. Refer to innovation point 1 horizontal hole detector, its characterized in that: the guide reference is provided with a guide body, the driving device is provided with a sliding body, the detecting device is provided with a detecting rod and a detecting head, and the reading device is provided with a display; the driving device drives the detecting device or the workpiece with the hole to move along the guide body; the detection rod can swing in space around the fulcrum, and the detection head is positioned on the detection rod and is in contact with the hole wall; the detection rod can swing along with the change of the contact part of the detection head and the hole relative to the guide reference; the light emitter is positioned on the detection rod, and the emitted light rays irradiate to the light receiver; the change of the position of the probe rod causes the position of the light spot on the light emitter, the light ray and the light receiver to change; the display displays the spot position information or the information after the spot position information is converted; light is directed to the light receiver from outside or inside the hole.
3. The horizontal hole detector described with reference to innovation point 1 is characterized in that a swinging fulcrum of the detection device is located at any end of the hole, and the positions of other parts change along with the position of the fulcrum; the guide reference is a machine tool guide rail or other guide objects, and the driving device is a machine tool slide carriage or other driving objects.
4. The horizontal hole detector described with reference to the innovation point 1 is characterized in that the detection device is provided with a ball pair or a ball bearing or other connection structures at the swing fulcrum, and the other connection structures enable the detection rod to swing.
5. Refer to innovation point 1 horizontal hole detector, its characterized in that: the detection device is provided with a gap adjusting mechanism at the swinging fulcrum; the portion of the detection device within the bore is able to automatically adapt to changes in the bore diameter.
6. Refer to innovation point 1 horizontal hole detector, its characterized in that: an anti-rotation device is arranged outside the detection rod or the extension and enlargement part thereof.
7. Refer to innovation point 6 horizontal hole detector, its characterized in that: the outer contour of the probe rod or its extension, enlargement and the inner contour of the anti-rotation device have cross sections other than circular, and when the anti-rotation device is fixed, the relative rotational movement of the two is limited.
8. Refer to innovation point 6 horizontal hole detector, its characterized in that: the rotation preventing means applies electromagnetic force to the probe rod or its extending and amplifying part, the main component of the electromagnetic moment is opposite to the rotation trend of the probe rod around the hole axis.
9. Refer to innovation point 6 horizontal hole detector, its characterized in that: the rotation preventing device is an elastic body, and applies friction force to the detecting rod or the extending and enlarging part thereof, and the main moment component of the friction force is opposite to the trend of the detecting rod rotating around the hole axis.
10. The horizontal hole detector described with reference to the innovation point 2 is characterized in that the detection rod is integral or split, and the split detection rod can be disassembled and assembled into an integral body after being disassembled; when light rays irradiate to the light receiver from the inside of the hole, the detecting head is provided with a through hole, or a gap is formed between the detecting head and the hole wall, and the light rays penetrate through the through hole or the gap.
The above innovative solution is further explained below.
The detection rod is easy to manufacture when being integrated, but is not very convenient when being placed with a workpiece. When the detection rod is of a split structure, the detection rod is disassembled, a workpiece can be placed easily, and the detection rod is assembled into a whole for use after the workpiece is placed.
Typically, the feeler lever does not automatically rotate about the axis of the workpiece during the inspection of the hole. In addition, as for the definition of the straightness of the hole axis, it is not necessary to pay attention to the direction in which the hole axis is bent, and therefore the present invention may not be provided with the rotation preventing means. However, it is useful to know the orientation of the workpiece axis bend (e.g., when it is desired to straighten the workpiece). Thus, for some plants using the present techniques, anti-rotation devices may be designed for those plants to facilitate hole alignment or other needs.
In order to prevent the rotation of the detection rod, the detection rod or a part of the detection rod can be provided with a square cross section, the rotation prevention device is provided with a square hole which is in clearance fit with the square cross section, and the arranged square hole is fixed, so that the degree of freedom of the rotation of the detection rod around the axis of the workpiece can be limited. When the detection rod is provided with a triangular section, the triangular hole of the anti-rotation device can prevent rotation. In summary, the outer contour of the probe rod and the inner contour of the rotation prevention means have a cross section other than circular, so that the rotation prevention means can prevent the rotation of the probe rod about the axis of the hole. It should be noted that: a small gap is formed between the outer contour of the detection rod and the inner contour of the anti-rotation device, and if no gap exists, the detection rod cannot swing, so that the realization of the function of the invention is influenced. Due to the existence of the gap, the rotation-preventing device cannot completely prevent the rotation of the detection rod, and only has a rotation-preventing function to a certain extent. That is, the feeler lever may have a small rotation about the axis of the hole, and its rotation angle is negligible because the clearance is small.
The probe rod may also be prevented from rotating by the action of force. For example, the outer portion of the probe rod or the extending and enlarging portion thereof is brought into contact with an elastic material, and the friction force between the elastic material and the surface of the elastic rod is large, so that the rotation of the probe rod can be prevented by the friction force. Meanwhile, the elastic materials are easy to deform and cannot influence the motion of the detection rod around the support.
The rotation of the detection rod can also be prevented by electromagnetic force. For example, the feeler lever or an extended, enlarged portion thereof is subjected to electromagnetic forces, the main component of the electromagnetic moment being opposite to the tendency of the feeler lever to rotate about the axis of the hole.
In order to eliminate or adjust the gap between the detection rod and the rotation fulcrum thereof and improve the detection precision, a support gap adjusting device can be arranged by utilizing the prior art.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: firstly, the instrument is placed horizontally, the center of the instrument is low, the instrument is relatively stable, and the operation is convenient. Secondly, when the length of the light is larger than that of the workpiece, the error can be displayed more obviously, namely the error can be displayed after being amplified; in one detection, the distance between the light emitter and the light receiver is constant. The above aspects are beneficial to improving the detection precision. Thirdly, the diameter of the part arranged in the hole is small, so that the method is not only suitable for detecting large holes, but also suitable for detecting small-diameter holes. Fourthly, by obtaining the position of each part on the axis of the hole relative to the reference, the straightness of the axis of the hole can be obtained, and other shape and position errors of the hole relative to the positioning reference of the hole, such as perpendicularity, parallelism, inclination and the like, can also be obtained by means of the prior art.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention. In the figure: 1-workpiece with hole, 2-sliding body, 3-guiding body, 4-detecting rod, 5-detecting head, 6-light passing hole, 7-light receiver, 8-light, 9-light emitter, 10-elastic body, 11-ball pair, 12-support, 13-display and 14-arithmetic unit.
Detailed Description
The following further describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings, and the detailed description does not limit the present invention.
The following embodiments are used to evaluate the straightness error.
The first implementation mode comprises the following steps: the minimum containment area method.
The second embodiment: the least squares method.
The third embodiment is as follows: two-end-point connection method.
The specific embodiments of the light emitted to the light receiver include:
the first implementation mode comprises the following steps: light is directed from the outside of the aperture to the light receiver.
The second embodiment: light is directed from the interior of the bore to the light receiver. The detecting head is provided with a through hole through which light passes.
The third embodiment is as follows: light is emitted from the inside of the hole toward the light receiving device. A gap is arranged between the detecting head and the hole wall, and light rays pass through the gap.
Specific embodiments related to the swing of the detection rod are as follows:
the first implementation mode comprises the following steps: the square cavity is arranged, the tail end of the detection rod is in contact with the square cavity, and two rotational degrees of freedom are arranged in the square cavity.
The second embodiment: ball pairs, such as ball joints or ball bearings, are used.
Claims (9)
1. Horizontal hole detector, including detecting device, direction benchmark, drive arrangement, optical device, strutting arrangement, reading device, its characterized in that: the included angle between the motion direction of the workpiece with the hole and the horizontal plane is less than or equal to 45 degrees; the driving device enables the workpiece to move relative to the guide datum; the detection device is provided with a detection rod and a detection head; one end of the detection device is provided with a fulcrum which can swing in the space around the fulcrum, and the other end of the detection device is contacted with the hole wall; the detection rod can swing along with the change of the contact part of the detection head and the hole relative to the guide reference; the detecting head is positioned on the detecting rod; the optical device is provided with a light emitter, a light ray and a light receiver, wherein the light emitter is positioned on the detection rod, and the emitted light ray irradiates the light receiver; the light and the light spots of the optical device change along with the swinging of the detection device; the reading device displays the position of the light spot or the information after the light spot is converted; light passes through the outside or inside of the hole; the length of the light is greater than that of the workpiece; when the workpiece moves, the distance between the light emitter and the light receiver is unchanged in one detection; the detection device is provided with a ball pair at the swing fulcrum or a square cavity, the tail end of the detection rod is contacted with the square cavity, and two rotational degrees of freedom are arranged in the square cavity; when light rays irradiate to the light receiver from the inside of the hole, the detection head is provided with a through hole, or a gap is formed between the detection head and the hole wall, and the light rays penetrate through the through hole or the gap.
2. The horizontal bore inspection apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the guide datum is provided with a guide body, and the driving device is provided with a sliding body; the reading device is provided with a display; the driving device drives the workpiece with the hole to move along the guide body; the change of the position of the probe rod causes the position of the light spot on the light emitter, the light ray and the light receiver to change; the display displays the spot position information or its transformed information.
3. The horizontal hole detector according to claim 1, wherein the fulcrum of the swing of the detecting means is located at either end of the hole; the guide reference is a machine tool guide rail, and the driving device is a machine tool slide carriage.
4. The horizontal bore inspection apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the detection device is provided with a gap adjusting mechanism at the swinging fulcrum; the portion of the detection device within the bore is able to automatically adapt to changes in the bore diameter.
5. The horizontal hole inspection machine according to claim 1, wherein the probe rod is one-piece or split-type, and the split-type probe rod can be disassembled and assembled into one piece after being disassembled.
6. The horizontal bore inspection apparatus of claim 1, wherein: an anti-rotation device is arranged outside the detection rod or the extension and enlargement part thereof.
7. The horizontal bore detector of claim 6, wherein: the outer contour of the probe rod or its extension, enlargement and the inner contour of the anti-rotation device have cross sections other than circular, and when the anti-rotation device is fixed, the relative rotational movement of the two is limited.
8. The horizontal bore detector of claim 6, wherein: the rotation preventing means applies electromagnetic force to the probe rod or its extending and amplifying part, the main component of the electromagnetic moment is opposite to the rotation trend of the probe rod around the hole axis.
9. The horizontal bore detector of claim 6, wherein: the rotation preventing device is an elastic body, and applies friction force to the detecting rod or the extending and enlarging part thereof, and the main moment component of the friction force is opposite to the trend of the detecting rod rotating around the hole axis.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910587360.9A CN110231002B (en) | 2019-06-20 | 2019-06-20 | Horizontal hole detector |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201910587360.9A CN110231002B (en) | 2019-06-20 | 2019-06-20 | Horizontal hole detector |
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| CN110231002A CN110231002A (en) | 2019-09-13 |
| CN110231002B true CN110231002B (en) | 2022-03-08 |
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| CN201910587360.9A Active CN110231002B (en) | 2019-06-20 | 2019-06-20 | Horizontal hole detector |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112642881A (en) * | 2019-10-13 | 2021-04-13 | 中北大学 | Hole correction equipment and correction method |
| CN112648921B (en) * | 2019-10-13 | 2024-10-15 | 中北大学 | Hole part detector and hole detection method |
| CN112648927B (en) * | 2019-10-13 | 2023-05-02 | 中北大学 | Cylindrical revolving body wall thickness detection method |
| CN112648928B (en) * | 2019-10-13 | 2022-08-02 | 中北大学 | Cylinder Thickness Gauge |
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| US4306806A (en) * | 1979-09-20 | 1981-12-22 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Gun tube orientation sensor; target mirror |
| JP3128970B2 (en) * | 1992-07-07 | 2001-01-29 | 石川島播磨重工業株式会社 | Straightness measuring device for small diameter deep holes |
| CN100453967C (en) * | 2007-10-12 | 2009-01-21 | 东南大学 | Micro-displacement optical testing method and device thereof |
| CN102642040B (en) * | 2012-04-17 | 2013-08-14 | 中北大学 | Online detection and deviation-correcting system for deep hole drilling |
| CN103182552B (en) * | 2013-03-25 | 2015-05-20 | 中北大学 | Deep hole processing online detection and correction device |
| CN205254190U (en) * | 2015-11-13 | 2016-05-25 | 中北大学 | Online deviation correcting device of BTA based on laser detection principle |
| CN107228639A (en) * | 2016-03-26 | 2017-10-03 | 中北大学 | Laser Deep Hole Straightness Test Device with rotation-preventing mechanism |
| CN107917682B (en) * | 2016-10-10 | 2019-06-25 | 中北大学 | External Deep Hole Straightness Test Device and method |
| CN206583420U (en) * | 2017-02-22 | 2017-10-24 | 保定市蓝鹏测控科技有限公司 | A kind of new pattern laser gauge for checking linearity |
| CN107726998A (en) * | 2017-11-07 | 2018-02-23 | 中北大学 | Deep hole cylindricity, taper laser detector |
| CN109489590B (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2020-10-20 | 中北大学 | Detection apparatus for honing hole |
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