CN112647838B

CN112647838B - Turbine type drilling speed-increasing tool with novel valve structure driven by cylindrical cam

Info

Publication number: CN112647838B
Application number: CN202011303684.4A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 石昌帅; 王澳; 祝效华; 程飞龙
Original assignee: Southwest Petroleum University
Current assignee: Southwest Petroleum University
Priority date: 2020-11-19
Filing date: 2020-11-19
Publication date: 2022-02-01
Anticipated expiration: 2040-11-19
Also published as: CN112647838A

Abstract

The invention relates to a turbine type drilling speed-up tool with a novel valve structure driven by a cylindrical cam. The structure of the device mainly comprises an upper joint, a fluid inlet cone, a spring, a novel valve, a sleeve, a cylindrical cam, a shell, a mandrel, a turbine and a lower joint; the upper joint, the shell and the lower joint are connected in turn through threads; the fluid inlet cone, the novel valve port sleeve and the novel valve sleeve are connected in sequence through threads; a spring is arranged between the novel valve and the novel valve sleeve, and a novel valve pressure chamber is formed below the novel valve to allow the primary fluid to enter and activate the novel valve; the turbine drives the cylindrical cam on the mandrel to rotate, so that the sleeve matched with the cylindrical cam moves up and down to push the novel valve to move up and down, and the novel valve hole is closed or opened, so that the flow area is changed, and periodic pulse oscillation is formed in the drill column; the invention can effectively solve the problems of pressure supporting, sticking and the like caused by large friction of the conventional unconventional well drilling such as a long-horizontal well, a large inclination and a multi-branch horizontal well.

Description

Turbine type drilling speed-increasing tool with novel valve structure driven by cylindrical cam

Technical Field

The invention relates to a turbine type drilling speed-up tool with a novel valve structure driven by a cylindrical cam, belonging to the technical field of drilling tools for oil and natural gas exploitation.

Background

Due to the shortage of petroleum resources and large demand, the petroleum exploitation technology is developed to adapt to oil wells with complex well structures and large number of long horizontal, large-inclination and multi-branch horizontal wells with large exploitation difficulty. Many new drilling tools have been developed and used to enable complex, unconventional drilling. In a horizontal well with long level, large inclination and multiple branches, the track of the well is complex, and the friction between a drill column and the well wall is larger than that of the conventional vertical well, so that the phenomena of pressure supporting and drill sticking are caused, the drilling efficiency is reduced, and the development period is prolonged. In the sliding drilling process, a drill string and a well wall are kept in a relatively static state, static friction force is larger than dynamic friction force, so that the fact that the larger static friction force is converted into the smaller dynamic friction force can be considered, and the hydraulic oscillator of the drilling application tool is researched, developed and used in drilling and production operation on the basis of the hydraulic oscillator, so that a drilling tool generates periodic vibration in the axial direction, the static friction is converted into the dynamic friction, and the hydraulic oscillator is used for reducing friction resistance, increasing horizontal footage and improving drilling speed to shorten the drilling period.

In existing drilling application tools hydraulic shakers: the screw power hydraulic oscillator has the advantages of mature technology, stable and reliable work and the like, but is seriously abraded and cannot resist high temperature; the blade power hydraulic oscillator has the advantages of simple structure, small pressure drop and the like, but the oscillating force is too small, and the operation is unreliable; the turbine power hydraulic oscillator has the advantages of reliable work, high temperature resistance, small pressure drop and the like, and is the development direction of the hydraulic oscillator. The valve control flow distribution technology and the matched drilling process have great influence on the drag reduction effect of the hydraulic oscillator. The pulse amplitude and the frequency that traditional valve block produced are difficult to stabilize, and current hydraulic oscillator uses the valve disc single mostly, moves the valve disc and decides the serious phenomenon of wearing and tearing appear in the use, and the erosion phenomenon is serious under the circumstances of flow pulse for valve disc and valve block, needs often to change the valve block, causes the increase of cost, efficiency reduction. Based on the above, on the basis of the existing research, the turbine type drilling speed increasing tool with the novel valve structure driven by the cylindrical cam is provided, and the novel valve driven by the cylindrical cam structure is used for replacing the traditional valve plate to generate hydraulic pulse. The present invention allows for the generation of pulses within the string such that the pulse amplitude varies with flow or total fluid pressure within an easily accessible range, does not require on-site adjustment, and is capable of generating recordable, repeatable, reproducible pulses, with less power being used to generate the fluid pulse signal due to the unique design.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to: in order to overcome the problems of pressure supporting, sticking, low rock carrying capacity of drilling fluid and unsatisfactory vibration effect caused by large friction of the conventional unconventional well drilling such as a long-horizontal well, a large-inclination multi-branch horizontal well and the like, a turbine type drilling speed-increasing tool with a novel valve structure driven by a cylindrical cam is designed.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the problem is as follows: a turbine type drilling speed-up tool with a novel valve structure driven by a cylindrical cam is composed of an upper connector, a fluid inlet cone, a novel valve port sleeve, a novel valve sleeve, a spring, an O-shaped sealing ring A, a novel valve, an O-shaped sealing ring B, an isolation sleeve, a sleeve shell, a cylindrical cam, a shell, a mandrel, a turbine and a lower connector, and is technically characterized in that the upper connector and the lower connector are connected to the two ends of the shell through threads; the fluid inlet cone and the novel valve sleeve are connected with the two ends of the novel valve sleeve through threads; the fluid inlet cone is positioned between the upper joint and the novel valve port sleeve, is equivalent to a reducing pipe and is used for improving the fluid pressure difference, and the quality of the effect of improving the pressure difference is related to the cone angle of the fluid inlet cone and the ratio of the diameter of the small end to the diameter of the large end, wherein the cone angle is 31 degrees, the diameter of the small end is 24mm, and the diameter of the large end is 58mm, so that the loss coefficient of the fluid inlet cone is small, and the pressure difference is improved greatly; the novel valve port sleeve 3 is provided with a novel valve hole; the novel valve sleeve is arranged at the lower end of the novel valve port sleeve, and a secondary fluid inlet hole is formed in the novel valve sleeve; the novel valve is positioned in the novel valve sleeve, when the novel valve is positioned at an opening position, the flow of the main fluid at the inlet is influenced by the arc radius and the length of the novel valve extending out of the outer end of the novel valve sleeve, the working frequency of the novel valve can reach 10HZ to 20HZ, and certain influence is exerted on the whole pulse oscillation, and the novel valve forms a novel valve pressure chamber at the lower end of the novel valve sleeve; the first-in secondary fluid hole on the novel valve sleeve allows the first-in secondary fluid to leave the novel valve pressure chamber, and the novel valve returns to an opening position relative to the novel valve hole under the action of the upper-lower pressure difference and the spring; the O-shaped sealing ring A is arranged in a ring groove at the lower end of the novel valve and is used for applying fluid pressure on the novel valve; the spring is arranged between the novel valve sleeve and the novel valve; the mandrel is arranged in the shell and is positioned in the center and the axial position; the sleeve shell is positioned between the novel valve sleeve and the mandrel and is concentric with the novel valve sleeve; the inner surface of the sleeve is provided with a convex part; the cylinder cam is located the sleeve, and the cylindrical surface is opened has the slot and cooperatees with the bulge of sleeve internal surface, and the curve of the slot of cylinder cam directly influences telescopic stroke to influence the motion path of novel valve, reasonable slot curve can make novel valve get into novel valve port cover just and can block up the fluid, promotes the frequency of opening and shutting of novel valve, and the inside of cylinder cam is connected with the mandrel. The turbine is arranged on the mandrel and is axially positioned by utilizing another step in the shell and the lower joint; the mandrel is arranged in the turbine and converts linear fluid flow into rotary fluid flow due to the rotation of the turbine, wherein the rotary fluid flow motion is transferred from the turbine to the cylindrical cam through the mandrel, the group number of the turbines directly influences the efficiency of converting the linear fluid flow into the rotary fluid flow, and 8 turbine groups are adopted in the invention; the isolating sleeve is axially positioned by utilizing the novel valve sleeve and a step in the shell, two O-shaped sealing rings B are arranged in a ring groove of the isolating sleeve, and a groove is formed in one end surface of the isolating sleeve for allowing the primary fluid to pass through; the sleeve can also be provided with a groove on the inner surface, and the mandrel can also be provided with a protruding part on the part connected with the sleeve to achieve the same effect; a first-in secondary fluid inlet channel is formed between the fluid inlet cone and the upper joint; the shell, the fluid inlet cone, the novel valve port sleeve and the novel valve sleeve form a first-in secondary fluid annular channel; the novel valve sleeve and the isolation sleeve form a first-in secondary fluid outlet channel; the novel valve, the novel valve port and the novel valve pressure chamber divide the drilling fluid into an inlet main fluid and an inlet secondary fluid; the first-in secondary fluid enters the first-in secondary fluid inlet firstly, then flows through the first-in secondary fluid annulus, and then enters the novel valve pressure chamber behind the novel valve through the first-in secondary fluid hole to activate the novel valve; the first-in secondary fluid flows out through the first-in secondary fluid outlet, so that the first-in secondary fluid and the inlet main fluid flow are recombined to form a main flow, then the main flow drives the turbine to rotate, the mandrel rotates along with the turbine and drives the cylindrical cam to rotate, the sleeve matched with the cylindrical cam moves up and down, the novel valve is caused to move up and down by the movement, the novel valve hole is closed or opened, the overflowing area is changed, and periodic pulse oscillation is formed in the drill string.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: (1) the main body structure of the turbine type drilling application tool with the novel valve structure consists of pure metal parts, and compared with screw power driving, the main body structure has no original element of a rubber bushing sensitive to high temperature and has high temperature resistance and wear resistance; (2) the turbine is adopted for driving, so that the drilling tool has the advantages of reliable work, high temperature resistance, small pressure drop and the like, radial vibration caused by eccentricity is avoided, great influence on sensitive elements is avoided, axial vibration with high frequency can be caused under low flow, friction between the drilling tool and a well wall during drilling is effectively reduced, the drilling efficiency is improved, and the service life of the drilling tool is prolonged; (3) the novel valve structure is adopted, so that the pulse amplitude is changed along with the flow or the total fluid pressure within the easily-reached range, the field adjustment is not needed, recordable, repeatable and reproducible pulses can be generated, the power for generating fluid pulse signals is lower due to the unique design, and the novel valve has the advantages of simple structure, wear resistance, erosion resistance, safety, reliability, pressure reduction, high pulse frequency and large pulse amplitude; (4) the turbine type drilling application tool with the novel valve structure has the characteristics of simple mechanism, convenience in operation, safety, reliability, strong adaptability, no influence on the structure of a drilling tool and the like, and has very important significance in improving the drilling speed, the drilling efficiency and the service life of the drilling tool.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;

in the figure: 1-upper joint, 2-fluid inlet cone, 3-novel valve port sleeve, 4-novel valve sleeve, 5-spring, 6-O-shaped sealing ring A, 7-novel valve, 8-O-shaped sealing ring B, 9-isolation sleeve, 10-sleeve, 11-sleeve shell, 12-cylindrical cam, 13-shell, 14-mandrel, 15-turbine and 16-lower joint.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the sleeve of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a three-dimensional schematic view of a cylindrical cam of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to more clearly understand the technical features, objects, and effects of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The specific embodiments of the present invention described herein are for the purpose of illustration only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention in any way. In the light of the teaching of the present invention, the skilled person can conceive of any possible variant based on the invention, which shall be considered to fall within the scope of the invention. It will be understood that when an element is referred to as being "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. When an element is referred to as being "connected" to another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or intervening elements may also be present. The terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and may include, for example, mechanical or electrical connections, communications between two elements, direct connections, indirect connections through intermediaries, and the like. The terms "vertical," "horizontal," "up," "down," "left," "right," and the like as used herein are for illustrative purposes only and do not denote a unique embodiment.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the present application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

According to the attached drawings, the turbine type drilling application tool with the novel valve structure mainly comprises an upper connector 1, a fluid inlet cone 2, a novel valve port sleeve 3, a novel valve sleeve 4, a spring 5, an O-shaped sealing ring A6, a novel valve 7, an O-shaped sealing ring B8, an isolation sleeve 9, a sleeve 10, a sleeve shell 11, a cylindrical cam 12, a shell 13, a mandrel 14, a turbine 15 and a lower connector 16, and is technically characterized in that the upper connector 1 and the lower connector 16 are connected to two ends of the shell 13 through threads; the fluid inlet cone 2 and the novel valve sleeve 4 are connected with the two ends of the novel valve port sleeve 3 through threads; the fluid inlet cone 2 is positioned between the upper joint 1 and the novel valve port sleeve 3, is equivalent to a reducing pipe and is used for improving the fluid pressure difference, and the quality of the effect of improving the pressure difference is related to the cone angle of the fluid inlet cone and the ratio of the diameter of the small end to the diameter of the large end, so that the loss coefficient of the fluid inlet cone is small, and the pressure difference is improved greatly; the novel valve port sleeve 3 is provided with a novel valve hole; the novel valve 7 is arranged at the lower end of the novel valve port sleeve 3, and is provided with a first secondary fluid inlet hole; the novel valve 7 is positioned in the novel valve sleeve 4, and a novel valve pressure chamber is formed at the lower end of the novel valve 7; the O-shaped sealing ring A6 is arranged in a ring groove at the lower end of the novel valve 7 and is used for applying all fluid pressure to the novel valve 7; the spring 5 is arranged between the novel valve sleeve 4 and the novel valve 7; a spindle 14 is mounted in the housing 13, in a central and axial position; the sleeve housing 11 is located between the novel valve sleeve 4 and the mandrel 14 and is concentric therewith; the inner surface of the sleeve 10 is provided with a convex part; a cylindrical cam 12 is located within the sleeve 10, the cylindrical surface being grooved to engage with a raised portion of the inner surface of the sleeve 10, the interior being connected to a spindle 14. The turbines 15 are mounted on the spindle 14, axially positioned by means of another step inside the casing 13 and a lower joint 16, the number of sets of turbines directly affecting the efficiency of the conversion of the linear fluid flow into a rotary fluid flow; the isolation sleeve 9 is axially positioned by utilizing the novel valve sleeve 4 and a step in the shell 13, two O-shaped sealing rings B8 are arranged in a ring groove, and a groove is formed in one end surface of the isolation sleeve for allowing the primary fluid to pass through; a first-in secondary fluid inlet channel is formed between the fluid inlet cone 2 and the upper joint 1; the shell, the fluid inlet cone 1, the novel valve port sleeve 3 and the novel valve sleeve 4 form a first-entering secondary fluid annular channel; the novel valve sleeve 4 and the isolation sleeve form a first-in secondary fluid outlet channel; the novel valve 7, the novel valve port and the novel valve pressure chamber divide the drilling fluid into an inlet main fluid and an inlet secondary fluid; the first-in secondary fluid firstly flows into a fluid inlet, then flows through the first-in secondary fluid annular channel, and then enters a novel valve pressure chamber behind the novel valve through the first-in secondary fluid hole to activate the novel valve 7; the first-in secondary fluid flows out through a first-in secondary fluid outlet, so that the first-in secondary fluid and an inlet main fluid flow are recombined to form a main flow, then the main flow drives the turbine 15 to rotate, the mandrel 14 rotates along with the turbine 15, the mandrel 14 drives the cylindrical cam 12 to rotate, the sleeve 10 matched with the cylindrical cam 12 moves up and down, and the movement causes the novel valve 7 to move up and down, closes or opens the novel valve hole, so that the change of the overflowing area is caused, and periodic pulse oscillation is formed in the drill string; the same effect can be achieved by the installation position of the turbine 15 at the upper end or the lower end of the novel valve 7; the design of the first-in secondary fluid annular channel is to reduce the pressure required when the novel valve is opened, and if the first-in secondary fluid annular channel is blocked, the invention can still realize periodic pulse oscillation.

The spindle 14 is located within the turbine 15 and, as the turbine 15 rotates, converts the linear fluid flow into a rotational fluid flow, wherein the rotational fluid flow motion is transferred from the turbine to the cylindrical cam 12 through the spindle 14.

The rotating speed of the cylindrical cam 12 directly influences the opening and closing frequency of the novel valve 7, and the working frequency range of the novel valve 7 can be changed from 10HZ to 20HZ, so that the frequency of pressure pulses is influenced.

The first-in secondary fluid hole in the novel valve sleeve 4 allows the first-in secondary fluid to leave the pressure chamber of the novel valve 7, and the novel valve 7 returns to an opening position relative to the novel valve hole under the action of the upper and lower pressure difference and the spring 5.

The turbine type drilling application tool with the novel valve structure has the following specific working process:

when drilling fluid flows downwards into a turbine type drilling application tool with the novel valve structure in a pipe column, the drilling fluid enters from the upper connector 1 and is used as an inlet main fluid and a first-in secondary fluid in a fluid inlet cone 2; under the action of the lifting pressure difference of the fluid inlet cone, the inlet main fluid enters the novel valve hole at an accelerated speed and flows around the novel valve 7 until the inlet main fluid flows to the lower end of the novel valve sleeve 4, and meanwhile, the primary fluid firstly enters the primary fluid inlet, then flows through the primary fluid annular channel, and then enters the novel valve pressure chamber behind the novel valve through the primary fluid inlet hole, and the primary fluid with higher pressure enables the novel valve 7 to compress the spring 5 to move upwards; the primary fluid and the secondary fluid flow out through the primary fluid inlet and secondary fluid outlet, so that the primary fluid and the inlet main fluid flow are recombined to form a main flow, then the main flow drives the turbine 15 to rotate, the spindle 14 rotates along with the turbine 15, the cylindrical cam 12 on the spindle 14 also rotates along with the spindle, the sleeve 10 matched with the cylindrical cam 12 moves up and down, the novel valve 7 is driven to move upwards by the movement, the novel valve hole is closed, and the change of the overflowing area is caused; the pressure at the upper end of the novel valve hole is increased due to the closing of the novel valve hole, the novel valve 7 returns to a rear opening position under the auxiliary action of the spring 5, the main fluid is allowed to flow through the novel valve hole, and the primary inlet fluid in the novel valve pressure chamber returns to the pilot annular channel from the primary inlet fluid hole and then is converged with the main fluid; so relapse, just can produce a periodic pulsation fluctuation in the drilling string, turn into the static friction with the dynamic friction, reduced the frictional resistance between drilling tool and the wall of a well when the well drilling effectively, promote drilling efficiency and drilling tool life.

Claims

1. A turbine type drilling speed-up tool with a novel valve structure driven by a cylindrical cam is composed of an upper connector (1), a fluid inlet cone (2), a novel valve port sleeve (3), a novel valve sleeve (4), a spring (5), an O-shaped sealing ring A (6), a novel valve (7), an O-shaped sealing ring B (8), an isolation sleeve (9), a sleeve (10), a sleeve shell (11), a cylindrical cam (12), a shell (13), a mandrel (14), a turbine (15) and a lower connector (16), and is technically characterized in that the upper connector (1) and the lower connector (16) are connected to two ends of the shell (13) through threads; the fluid inlet cone (2) and the novel valve sleeve (4) are connected with the two ends of the novel valve sleeve (3) through threads; the fluid inlet cone (2) is positioned between the upper connector (1) and the novel valve port sleeve (3) and is used for increasing the fluid pressure difference; the upper end of the novel valve port sleeve (3) is provided with a novel valve hole; the novel valve sleeve (4) is arranged at the lower end of the novel valve port sleeve (3), and a secondary fluid inlet hole is formed in the novel valve port sleeve; the novel valve (7) is positioned in the novel valve sleeve (4), and a novel valve pressure chamber is formed at the lower end of the novel valve; the O-shaped sealing ring A (6) is arranged in a ring groove at the lower end of the novel valve and is used for completely acting the fluid pressure on the novel valve; the spring (5) is arranged between the novel valve sleeve (4) and the novel valve (7); the spindle (14) is mounted in the housing (13) in a central and axial position; the sleeve shell (11) is positioned between the novel valve sleeve (4) and the mandrel (14) and is concentric with the novel valve sleeve; the isolation sleeve (9) is axially positioned by utilizing the novel valve sleeve (4) and a step in the shell (13), two O-shaped sealing rings B (8) are arranged in a ring groove, and a groove is formed in one end surface of the isolation sleeve for allowing the primary fluid to pass through; the inner surface of the sleeve (10) is provided with a convex part; the cylindrical cam (12) is positioned in the sleeve (10), the cylindrical surface is provided with a groove which is matched with a convex part on the inner surface of the sleeve (10), the inside of the cylindrical cam is connected with the mandrel (14), the turbine (15) is arranged on the mandrel (14), and the other step in the shell (13) and the lower joint (16) are utilized for axial positioning; a first-in secondary fluid inlet channel is formed between the fluid inlet cone (2) and the upper joint (1); the shell (13), the fluid inlet cone (2), the novel valve port sleeve (3) and the novel valve sleeve (4) form a first-entering secondary fluid annular channel; the novel valve sleeve (4) and the isolation sleeve (9) form a first-in secondary fluid outlet channel; the novel valve (7), the novel valve port and the novel valve pressure chamber divide the drilling fluid into an inlet main fluid and an inlet secondary fluid; the first-in secondary fluid enters the first-in secondary fluid inlet firstly, then flows through the first-in secondary fluid annulus, and then enters the novel valve pressure chamber behind the novel valve through the first-in secondary fluid hole to activate the novel valve (7); the first-in secondary fluid flows out through the first-in secondary fluid outlet, so that the first-in secondary fluid and the inlet main fluid flow are recombined to form a main flow, then the main flow drives the turbine (15) to rotate, the mandrel (14) rotates along with the turbine (15), the mandrel (14) drives the cylindrical cam (12) to rotate, the sleeve (10) matched with the cylindrical cam (12) moves up and down, the movement causes the novel valve to move up and down, and the novel valve hole is closed or opened, so that the change of the flow area is caused, and periodic pulse oscillation is formed in the drill string.

2. The cylindrical cam driven new valve structure turbine type well drilling speed increasing tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: the spindle (14) is mounted within the turbine (15) and, as the turbine (15) rotates, converts linear fluid flow into rotary fluid flow, wherein rotary fluid flow motion is transferred from the turbine to the cylindrical cam (12) through the spindle (14).

3. The cylindrical cam driven new valve structure turbine type well drilling speed increasing tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: the rotating speed of the cylindrical cam (12) directly influences the opening and closing frequency of the novel valve (7), and the working frequency of the novel valve can reach 10HZ to 20HZ, so that the frequency of pressure pulses is influenced.

4. The cylindrical cam driven new valve structure turbine type well drilling speed increasing tool according to claim 1, characterized in that: the first-in secondary fluid hole in the novel valve sleeve (4) allows the first-in secondary fluid to leave the pressure chamber of the novel valve (7), and the novel valve (7) returns to an opening position relative to the novel valve hole under the action of the upper and lower pressure difference and the spring (5).