CN112645691A - 一种耐火保温无机材料、其制备方法及耐火保温无机异形件 - Google Patents
一种耐火保温无机材料、其制备方法及耐火保温无机异形件 Download PDFInfo
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- CN112645691A CN112645691A CN202011570129.8A CN202011570129A CN112645691A CN 112645691 A CN112645691 A CN 112645691A CN 202011570129 A CN202011570129 A CN 202011570129A CN 112645691 A CN112645691 A CN 112645691A
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- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000011147 inorganic material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
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- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000002734 clay mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000003605 opacifier Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000003311 flocculating effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicic acid Chemical compound O[Si](O)(O)O RMAQACBXLXPBSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 27
- ONCZQWJXONKSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;disodium;oxygen(2-);silicon(4+);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Na+].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4].[Si+4] ONCZQWJXONKSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 229910000280 sodium bentonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 24
- 229940080314 sodium bentonite Drugs 0.000 claims description 24
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 18
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229940092782 bentonite Drugs 0.000 claims description 14
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- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000004537 pulping Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
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- HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon carbide Chemical compound [Si+]#[C-] HBMJWWWQQXIZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
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- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
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- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910021578 Iron(III) chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- MXRIRQGCELJRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O.O.O.[Al] Chemical compound O.O.O.[Al] MXRIRQGCELJRSN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004113 Sepiolite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
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- QANIADJLTJYOFI-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminum;magnesium;carbonate;hydroxide;hydrate Chemical compound O.[OH-].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[O-]C([O-])=O QANIADJLTJYOFI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960000892 attapulgite Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
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- 229910001648 diaspore Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- RGPUVZXXZFNFBF-UHFFFAOYSA-K diphosphonooxyalumanyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Al+3].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O RGPUVZXXZFNFBF-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 3
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- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000009965 odorless effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000003463 adsorbent Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000003837 high-temperature calcination Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
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- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 description 21
- YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [O--].[Al+3].[Al+3].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] YKTSYUJCYHOUJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
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- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Na2O Inorganic materials [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- AAOVKJBEBIDNHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N diazepam Chemical compound N=1CC(=O)N(C)C2=CC=C(Cl)C=C2C=1C1=CC=CC=C1 AAOVKJBEBIDNHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明提供了一种耐火保温无机材料,由以下原料经絮凝、成型得到,包括:无机耐火纤维40~60重量份;粘土类矿物质10~15重量份;红外遮光剂20~25重量份;无机结合剂10~20重量份。与现有技术相比,本发明采用粘土类矿物质作为吸附剂,解决了无机结合剂与纤维絮凝不充分难题,且经成型后即可得到耐火保温无机材料,无需高温煅烧,同时其在高温环境下使用无烟无味,具有优良的绝热性能和力学性能,可广泛满足工业窑炉观察孔、温度计插入孔、工业窑炉烧嘴、炉门等热工行业特殊部位、环节的绝热保温需求。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于耐火保温材料技术领域,尤其涉及一种耐火保温无机材料、其制备方法及耐火保温无机异形件。
背景技术
陶瓷纤维异形件时为满足某些工业部门特定生产环节所需的异形制品,每种制品均需根据其形状和尺寸需要制作专用模具,并依据不同使用要求混配不同组分,以满足客户使用要求。同时,所有异形件制品在适用温度范围内都存在较低的收缩,并保持其高隔热、轻质和抗冲击的特点,其中未灼烧的异形件制品很容易被切割或加工。
陶瓷纤维异形件一般采用优质的陶瓷纤维棉作为原料,采用真空成型工艺再经烘干制成,具有质地坚韧、抗风蚀性强、优良的抗热震性、常温耐压强度高、热损失少等优点,可直接接触火焰用于热面,主要应用领域包括工业窑炉观察孔、温度计插入孔、工业窑炉烧嘴、炉门、铝制品工业中的集液槽和流槽、有色金属熔沟、槽垫衬、铸造帽口、机电设备连接垫片等领域。
但是,传统陶瓷纤维异形件制备过程中一般需要添加淀粉类有机粘结剂,通过淀粉类有机粘结剂与无机结合剂(如硅溶胶)共同作用以实现絮凝,成型烘干后得到含有机粘结剂的异形件,在高温环境下使用过程中有机物分解会产生大量有毒有害烟气,严重污染生产生活环境,并且,淀粉类有机粘结剂经高温烧除后,会导致异形件的抗压、抗折强度会大幅降低,高温环境下长期使用寿命会大幅缩短,需要进行频繁更换,增加成本同时不利于连续化生产。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明要解决的技术问题在于提供一种无需高温煅烧的耐火保温无机材料、其制备方法及耐火保温无机异形件。
本发明提供了一种耐火保温无机材料,由以下原料经絮凝、成型得到,包括:
优选的,所述粘土类矿物质包括膨润土与其他粘土类矿物质;
所述膨润土选自钠基膨润土、钙基膨润土与氢基膨润土中的一种或多种;
所述其他粘土类矿物质选自沸石粉、针状硅灰石、高岭土、海泡石粉、凹凸棒土、水滑石粉、白云石粉、薄水铝石粉与改性煤矸石粉中的一种或多种;
所述膨润土与其他粘土类矿物质的质量比为(50~70):(30~50)。
优选的,所述粘土类矿物质的比表面积为30~200m2/g;粒度为5~25μm;
所述无机耐火纤维的长度0.1~3cm;直径为0.5~8μm;
所述红外遮光剂的粒径为10~50μm。
优选的,所述无机耐火纤维选自硅酸铝纤维、可溶陶瓷纤维、高硅氧纤维、石英纤维、氧化铝纤维与多晶莫来石纤维中的一种或多种;
所述红外遮光剂选自氧化钛、氧化锆、硅酸锆、六钛酸钾晶须、超细氧化铝粉、超细氢氧化铝粉、炭黑、碳化硅与氮化硅中的一种或多种;
所述无机结合剂选自工业水玻璃、酸性硅溶胶、碱性硅溶胶、中性硅溶胶与磷酸二氢铝中的一种或多种。
本发明还提供了一种上述的耐火保温无机材料的制备方法,包括:
S1)将无机耐火纤维、粘土类矿物质、红外遮光剂、无机结合剂与水混合打浆,得到浆料;
S2)在所述浆料中加入絮凝剂与絮凝助剂进行絮凝,得到絮凝浆料;
S3)将所述絮凝浆料成型,得到耐火保温无机材料。
优选的,所述浆料中无机耐火纤维、粘土类矿物质、红外遮光剂与无机结合剂的总质量浓度为2%~4%。
优选的,所述絮凝剂为聚丙烯酰胺溶液;所述聚丙烯酰胺溶液的质量浓度为0.5%~1.5%;所述无机耐火纤维、粘土类矿物质、红外遮光剂与无机结合剂的总质量与聚丙烯酰胺溶液的质量比为10:1;所述絮凝助剂选自硫酸铝、氯化铝、氯化铁与聚合氯化铝中的一种或多种;所述无机耐火纤维、粘土类矿物质、红外遮光剂与无机结合剂的总质量与絮凝助剂的质量比为(120~170):1。
优选的,所述步骤S3)中成型后干燥,得到耐火保温无机材料;所述干燥为热风干燥或微波干燥;所述热风干燥的温度为120℃~150℃;所述微波干燥的温度为100℃~130℃。
本发明还提供了一种耐火保温无机异形件,由以下原料经絮凝、成型得到,包括:
优选的,所述耐火保温无机异形件为陶瓷纤维坩埚、陶瓷纤维帽口、陶瓷纤维塞锥、陶瓷纤维套管、陶瓷纤维浇口杯、陶瓷纤维浇包或陶瓷纤维垫片。
本发明提供了一种耐火保温无机材料,由以下原料经絮凝、成型得到,包括:无机耐火纤维40~60重量份;粘土类矿物质10~15重量份;红外遮光剂20~25重量份;无机结合剂10~20重量份。与现有技术相比,本发明采用粘土类矿物质作为吸附剂,解决了无机结合剂与纤维絮凝不充分难题,且经成型后即可得到耐火保温无机材料,无需高温煅烧,同时其在高温环境下使用无烟无味,具有优良的绝热性能和力学性能,可广泛满足工业窑炉观察孔、温度计插入孔、工业窑炉烧嘴、炉门等热工行业特殊部位、环节的绝热保温需求。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1中所制备的陶瓷纤维套管的示意图;
图2为本发明实施例2中所制备的陶瓷纤维坩埚的示意图;
图3为本发明实施例3中所制备的陶瓷纤维塞锥的示意图;
图4为本发明实施例4中所制备的陶瓷纤维垫片的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明提供了一种耐火保温无机材料,由以下原料经絮凝、成型得到,包括:
其中,本发明对所有原料的来源并没有特殊的限制,为市售即可。
所述无机耐火纤维的含量优选为45~55重量份,更优选为50重量份;所述无机耐火纤维的长度优选为0.1~3cm,更优选为0.5~2.5cm,再优选为1~2cm,最优选为1.5cm;直径优选为0.5~8μm,更优选为1~6μm,再优选为2~5μm,再优选为2~4μm,最优选为3μm;选用合适长度和直径的无机耐火纤维有利于发生絮凝及维持絮团的稳定性;所述无机耐火纤维的种类为本领域技术人员熟知的无机耐火纤维即可,并无特殊的限制,本发明中优选为硅酸铝纤维、可溶陶瓷纤维、高硅氧纤维、石英纤维、氧化铝纤维与多晶莫来石纤维中的一种或多种;使用不同种类的无机耐火纤维可决定耐火保温无机材料所使用的温度,其中,硅酸铝纤维根据化学成分不同可分为六种类型,并对应不同的使用温度,具体见表1;可溶陶瓷纤维是以二氧化硅、氧化镁与氧化钙为主要成分的碱土硅酸盐纤维,其组成按重量百分比以氧化物记为SiO2 40%~80%,MgO 3%~30%,CaO 2%~20%,且SiO2+MgO+CaO≥85%,余量为B2O3,Al2O3,Fe2O3,Na2O,K2O中的一种或任意多种组合,其使用温度为1260℃;多晶莫来石纤维中Al2O3含量为72%~75%,使用温度为1450℃;当Al2O3含量超过80%时,即称之为多晶氧化铝纤维,其使用温度为1500℃。
表1硅酸铝纤维分类及使用温度
所述粘土类矿物质的含量优选为11~14重量份,更优选为12~13重量份,再优选为12重量份。在本发明中,所述粘土类矿物质优选为具有特定的比表面积、粒度,按一定比例混合后能够有效地从液体中吸附其中某些成分的粘土混合物;所述粘土类矿物质的比表面积优选为30~200m2/g;所述粘土类矿物质的粒度优选为5~25μm;更优选包括膨润土与其他粘土类矿物质;所述膨润土优选为钠基膨润土、钙基膨润土与氢基膨润土中的一种或多种,更优选为钠基膨润土;所述其他粘土类矿物质优选为沸石粉、针状硅灰石、高岭土、海泡石粉、凹凸棒土、水滑石粉、白云石粉、薄水铝石粉与改性煤矸石粉中的一种或多种;所述具有特定比表面积、粒度的粘土类矿物质按一定比例混合后作为吸附剂,可通过表面络合、静电吸引来实现与无机结合剂(如硅溶胶)的完美絮凝,进而能够实现取代淀粉类有机粘结剂与硅溶胶的絮凝作用,使整个耐火保温无机材料的组成物均为无机组分;需要特别强调的是对于由所述粘土类矿物质组成的吸附剂,其中粘土物质的比表面积、粒度及不同种类的粘土组合,对吸附性能有显著影响,比表面积越大、粒度越小,吸附性能越好;在本发明中,优选地,所述膨润土的比表面积优选为30~200m2/g,更优选为50~200m2/g,再优选为100~200m2/g,再优选为150~200m2/g,最优选为170m2/g;所述膨润土的粒度优选为5~25μm,更优选为5~20μm,再优选为5~15μm,再优选为5~10μm,最优选为8μm;所述膨润土与其他粘土类矿物质的质量比优选为(50~70):(30~50),更优选为(55~70):(30~45),再优选为(60~70):(30~40),最优选为65:45。
所述红外遮光剂的含量优选为20~24重量份,更优选为22重量份;所述遮光剂的粒径优选为10~50μm,更优选为10~40μm,再优选为15~30μm,最优选为15~20μm;所述红外遮光剂优选为氧化钛、氧化锆、硅酸锆、六钛酸钾晶须、超细氧化铝粉、超细氢氧化铝粉、炭黑、碳化硅与氮化硅中的一种或多种。通过选择不同种类的无机耐火纤维结合红外遮光剂可制备适合各种温度下的耐火保温无机材料,且其同时具有优良的绝热性能和力学性能。
所述无机结合剂的含量优选为13~18重量份,更优选为16重量份;所述无机结合剂优选为工业水玻璃、酸性硅溶胶、碱性硅溶胶、中性硅溶胶与磷酸二氢铝中的一种或多种。
本发明采用粘土类矿物质作为吸附剂,解决了无机结合剂与纤维絮凝不充分难题,且经成型后即可得到耐火保温无机材料,无需高温煅烧,同时其在高温环境下使用无烟无味,具有优良的绝热性能和力学性能,可广泛满足工业窑炉观察孔、温度计插入孔、工业窑炉烧嘴、炉门等热工行业特殊部位、环节的绝热保温需求。
本发明还提供了一种上述耐火保温无机材料的制备方法,包括:S1)将无机耐火纤维、粘土类矿物质、红外遮光剂、无机结合剂与水混合打浆,得到浆料;S2)在所述浆料中加入絮凝剂与絮凝助剂进行絮凝,得到絮凝浆料;S3)将所述絮凝浆料成型,得到耐火保温无机材料。
本发明对所有原料的来源并没有特殊的限制,为市售即可。
所述无机耐火纤维、粘土类矿物质、红外遮光剂与无机结合剂的种类及含量均同上所述,在此不再赘述。
将无机耐火纤维、粘土类矿物质、红外遮光剂、无机结合剂与水混合打浆,得到浆料;在本发明中优选在水中依次加入无机耐火纤维、粘土类矿物质与红外遮光剂,进行打浆,然后加入无机结合剂,继续打浆,得到浆料;所述打浆的时间优选为5~20min,更优选为8~15min,再优选为10min,使其均匀分散;所述继续打浆的时间优选为2~10min,更优选为4~6min,再优选为5min;所述浆料中无机耐火纤维、粘土类矿物质、红外遮光剂与无机结合剂的总质量浓度优选为2%~4%,更优选为3%。
在所述浆料中加入絮凝剂与絮凝助剂进行絮凝,得到絮凝浆料;所述絮凝剂优选为聚丙烯酰胺溶液;所述聚丙烯酰胺溶液的质量浓度优选为0.5%~1.5%,更优选为1%;所述聚丙烯酰胺溶液优选包括阳离子聚丙烯酰胺或阴离子聚丙烯酰胺;所述无机耐火纤维、粘土类矿物质、红外遮光剂与无机结合剂的总质量与聚丙烯酰胺溶液的质量比优选为10:1;所述絮凝助剂优选为硫酸铝、氯化铝、氯化铁与聚合氯化铝中的一种或多种,更优选为硫酸铝;所述无机耐火纤维、粘土类矿物质、红外遮光剂与无机结合剂的总质量与絮凝助剂的质量比优选为(120~170):1,更优选为(140~160):1,再优选为150:1;通过絮凝,使浆料中的粘土类矿物质、红外遮光剂和无机结合剂充分絮凝到无机耐火纤维上。絮凝是否充分可以通过对分离水相的浊度来进检测:絮凝发生后,絮团沉降在容器底部,取上层清液用浊度计进行检测,在本发明中优选浊度小于40时,可认为絮凝充分。这一积极效果能够保证滤水畅快并顺利成型,同时还可使耐火保温无机次啊了在烘干后能够达到设计的强度指标。
将所述絮凝浆料成型;优选将所述絮凝浆料在模具中通过真空吸滤的方式脱水成型,得到湿坯;所述真空吸滤优选具体为:絮凝浆料泵送入成型池里,再将成型模具浸入到浆料中,利用真空泵形成的负压使浆料吸附在带孔模具的表面;模具可根据耐火保温无机材料的形状选择;其中,金属模具材料选用广泛,多采用铝合金及锌基合金按设计要求加工制作;所述真空吸滤的真空度优选为-0.05~-0.1MPa,更优选为-0.08~-0.1MPa,再优选为-0.095MPa;所述真空吸滤的时间优选为20~50s,更优选为30~50s,再优选为40s。
成型后,还优选进行干燥,得到耐火保温无机材料;所述干燥优选为热风干燥或微波干燥;所述热风干燥的温度优选为120℃~150℃,更优选为120℃~140℃,再优选为130℃;所述热风干燥的时间优选为10~15h,更优选为11~14h,再优选为12h;所述微波干燥的温度优选为100℃~130℃,更优选为100℃~120℃,再优选为110℃;所述微波干燥的时间优选为4~8h,更优选为5~7h,再优选为6h。一步烘干后,无需再经高温锻炼,直接得到耐火保温无机材料。在烘干过程中,无机结合剂中包含的Si-OH、Al-OH基团发生相互交联,最终使耐火保温无机材料具有一定的抗压、抗折强度,且由于不使用淀粉类有机粘结剂,所有组分均为无机物,因此制备得到的耐火保温无机材料在高温环境下使用完全无烟无味。
本发明在制备过程中去除了淀粉类有机粘结剂,采用具有特定比表面积、粒度的粘土类矿物组合作为吸附剂,解决了无机结合剂与纤维絮凝不充分难题,在纤维棉浆中使用不同类别的模具通过真空吸滤成型,采用一步烘干直接制备出各种耐火保温无机异形件而不需要再经过高温煅烧工艺;所述耐火保温无机异形件在高温环境下使用无烟无味,具有优良的绝热性能和力学性能,可广泛满足工业窑炉观察孔、温度计插入孔、工业窑炉烧嘴、炉门等热工行业特殊部位、环节的绝热保温需求。
本发明还提供了一种耐火保温无机异形件,由以下原料经絮凝、成型得到,包括:
所述无机耐火纤维、粘土类矿物质、红外遮光剂与无机结合剂均同上所述,在此不再赘述。
所述耐火保温无机异形件的制备方法也同上所述耐火保温无机材料制备方法相同,只是在成型过程中选择异形模具。
在本发明中,所述耐火保温无机异形件优选为陶瓷纤维坩埚、陶瓷纤维帽口、陶瓷纤维塞锥、陶瓷纤维套管、陶瓷纤维浇口杯、陶瓷纤维浇包或陶瓷纤维垫片。
为了进一步说明本发明,以下结合实施例对本发明提供的一种耐火保温无机材料、其制备方法及耐火保温无机异形件进行详细描述。
以下实施例中所用的试剂均为市售。
实施例中使用温度测试均根据GB T 7322-2007耐火材料耐火度试验方法标准来进行检测。实施例1
如图1所示,设计制作陶瓷纤维套管成型模具,该模具选用铝合金材料,长800mm,两端开孔外圆直径50mm,外表面均匀分布直径为5mm的圆孔,相邻圆孔间距离为3mm;在打浆机中加入一定量水,浆料总浓度控制为3%,按比例依次加入一定量标准型硅酸铝耐火纤维、钠基膨润土(比表面积170m2/g,粒度8μm)、针状硅灰石(比表面积为40m2/g,粒度为22μm)和氧化钛(粒径为20μm),充分打浆10min,使浆料均匀分散,接着加入一定量碱性硅溶胶(SiO2固含量30%),再打浆5min;其中标准型硅酸铝耐火纤维:(钠基膨润土+针状硅灰石):氧化钛:碱性硅溶胶质量比为50:12:22:53,钠基膨润土:针状硅灰石质量比为65:35。再将已打好的均匀浆料转入至配浆罐中并加入一定量1%阳离子聚丙烯酰胺溶液和硫酸铝,其中(标准型硅酸铝耐火纤维+钠基膨润土+针状硅灰石+氧化钛+碱性硅溶胶):1%阳离子聚丙烯酰胺溶液质量比为10:1;(标准型硅酸铝耐火纤维+钠基膨润土+针状硅灰石+氧化钛+碱性硅溶胶):硫酸铝质量比为150:1;取已絮凝浆料的上层清液进行浊度检测,当浊度<40时,将絮凝后的浆料转入至成型池中,将上述设计模具投入到成型池中,通过真空吸滤方式脱水成型,控制吸滤厚度为10mm,得到陶瓷纤维套管湿胚,其中吸滤真空度-0.095MPa,吸滤时间40s。将陶瓷纤维套管湿胚放入鼓风干燥箱中进行干燥,干燥温度130℃,干燥时间12h,得到含有氧化钛红外遮光剂的标准型硅酸铝耐火纤维陶瓷套管产品。
该陶瓷纤维套管使用温度为1000℃,高温下使用无烟无味。
实施例2
如图2所示,设计制作陶瓷纤维坩埚成型模具,该模具选用铝合金材料,高60mm,底部开孔外圆直径40mm,外表面均匀分布直径为4mm的圆孔,相邻圆孔间距离为2mm;在打浆机中加入一定量水,浆料总浓度控制为3%,按比例依次加入一定量高铝型硅酸铝耐火纤维、钠基膨润土(比表面积170m2/g,粒度8μm)、沸石粉(比表面积为120m2/g,粒度为12μm)和氮化硅(粒径为15μm),充分打浆10min,使浆料均匀分散,接着加入一定量碱性硅溶胶(SiO2固含量30%),再打浆5min;其中高铝型硅酸铝耐火纤维:(钠基膨润土+沸石粉):氮化硅:碱性硅溶胶质量比为50:12:22:53,钠基膨润土:沸石粉质量比为65:35。再将已打好的均匀浆料转入至配浆罐中并加入一定量1%阳离子聚丙烯酰胺溶液和硫酸铝,其中(高铝型硅酸铝耐火纤维+钠基膨润土+沸石粉+氮化硅+碱性硅溶胶):1%阳离子聚丙烯酰胺溶液质量比为10:1;(高铝型硅酸铝耐火纤维+钠基膨润土+沸石粉+氮化硅+碱性硅溶胶):硫酸铝质量比为150:1;取已絮凝浆料的上层清液进行浊度检测,当浊度<40时,将絮凝后的浆料转入至成型池中,将上述设计模具投入到成型池中,通过真空吸滤方式脱水成型,控制吸滤厚度为3mm,得到陶瓷纤维坩埚湿胚,其中吸滤真空度-0.095MPa,吸滤时间40s。将陶瓷纤维坩埚湿胚放入鼓风干燥箱中进行干燥,干燥温度130℃,干燥时间12h,得到含有氮化硅红外遮光剂的高铝型硅酸铝耐火纤维陶瓷纤维坩埚产品。
该陶瓷纤维坩埚使用温度为1200℃,高温下使用无烟无味。
实施例3
如图3所示,设计制作陶瓷纤维塞锥成型模具,该模具选用铝合金材料,高80mm,顶部开孔外圆直径50mm,底部开孔外圆直径20mm,外表面均匀分布直径为6mm的圆孔,相邻圆孔间距离为3mm;在打浆机中加入一定量水,浆料总浓度控制为3%,按比例依次加入一定量可溶陶瓷纤维、钠基膨润土(比表面积170m2/g,粒度8μm)、沸石粉(比表面积为120m2/g,粒度为12μm)和碳化硅(粒径为15μm),充分打浆10min,使浆料均匀分散,接着加入一定量碱性硅溶胶(SiO2固含量30%),再打浆5min;其中可溶陶瓷纤维:(钠基膨润土+沸石粉):碳化硅:碱性硅溶胶质量比为50:12:22:53,钠基膨润土:沸石粉质量比为65:35。再将已打好的均匀浆料转入至配浆罐中并加入一定量1%阳离子聚丙烯酰胺溶液和硫酸铝,其中(可溶陶瓷纤维+钠基膨润土+沸石粉+碳化硅+碱性硅溶胶):1%阳离子聚丙烯酰胺溶液质量比为10:1;(可溶陶瓷纤维+钠基膨润土+沸石粉+碳化硅+碱性硅溶胶):硫酸铝质量比为150:1;取已絮凝浆料的上层清液进行浊度检测,当浊度<40时,将絮凝后的浆料转入至成型池中,将上述设计模具投入到成型池中,通过真空吸滤方式脱水成型,控制吸滤厚度为3mm,得到陶瓷纤维塞锥湿胚,其中吸滤真空度-0.095MPa,吸滤时间40s。将异形湿胚放入鼓风干燥箱中进行干燥,干燥温度130℃,干燥时间12h,得到含有碳化硅红外遮光剂的可溶型陶瓷纤维塞锥产品。
该可溶型陶瓷纤维塞锥使用温度为1260℃,高温下使用无烟无味。
实施例4
如图4所示,设计制作陶瓷纤维垫片成型模具,该模具选用铝合金材料,外圆直径为110mm,中心圆直径30mm,外圆与中心圆之间均匀分布直径为2mm的圆孔,相邻圆孔间距离为1mm;在打浆机中加入一定量水,浆料总浓度控制为3%,按比例依次加入一定量多晶氧化铝纤维、钠基膨润土(比表面积170m2/g,粒度8μm)、沸石粉(比表面积为120m2/g,粒度为12μm)和六钛酸钾晶须(粒径为20μm),充分打浆10min,使浆料均匀分散,接着加入一定量碱性硅溶胶(SiO2固含量30%),再打浆5min;其中多晶氧化铝纤维:(钠基膨润土+沸石粉):六钛酸钾晶须:碱性硅溶胶质量比为50:12:22:53,钠基膨润土:沸石粉质量比为65:35。再将已打好的均匀浆料转入至配浆罐中并加入一定量1%阳离子聚丙烯酰胺溶液和硫酸铝,其中(多晶氧化铝纤维+钠基膨润土+沸石粉+六钛酸钾晶须+碱性硅溶胶):1%阳离子聚丙烯酰胺溶液质量比为10:1;(多晶氧化铝纤维+钠基膨润土+沸石粉+六钛酸钾晶须+碱性硅溶胶):硫酸铝质量比为150:1;取已絮凝浆料的上层清液进行浊度检测,当浊度<40时,将絮凝后的浆料转入至成型池中,将上述设计模具投入到成型池中,通过真空吸滤方式脱水成型,控制吸滤厚度为5mm,得到陶瓷纤维垫片湿胚,其中吸滤真空度-0.095MPa,吸滤时间40s。将异形湿胚放入鼓风干燥箱中进行干燥,干燥温度130℃,干燥时间12h,得到含有六钛酸钾晶须红外遮光剂的多晶氧化铝纤维垫片产品。
该多晶氧化铝纤维垫片使用温度为1500℃,高温下使用无烟无味。
Claims (10)
2.根据权利要求1所述的耐火保温无机材料,其特征在于,所述粘土类矿物质包括膨润土与其他粘土类矿物质;
所述膨润土选自钠基膨润土、钙基膨润土与氢基膨润土中的一种或多种;
所述其他粘土类矿物质选自沸石粉、针状硅灰石、高岭土、海泡石粉、凹凸棒土、水滑石粉、白云石粉、薄水铝石粉与改性煤矸石粉中的一种或多种;
所述膨润土与其他粘土类矿物质的质量比为(50~70):(30~50)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的耐火保温无机材料,其特征在于,所述粘土类矿物质的比表面积为30~200m2/g;粒度为5~25μm;
所述无机耐火纤维的长度0.1~3cm;直径为0.5~8μm;
所述红外遮光剂的粒径为10~50μm。
4.根据权利要求1所述的耐火保温无机材料,其特征在于,所述无机耐火纤维选自硅酸铝纤维、可溶陶瓷纤维、高硅氧纤维、石英纤维、氧化铝纤维与多晶莫来石纤维中的一种或多种;
所述红外遮光剂选自氧化钛、氧化锆、硅酸锆、六钛酸钾晶须、超细氧化铝粉、超细氢氧化铝粉、炭黑、碳化硅与氮化硅中的一种或多种;
所述无机结合剂选自工业水玻璃、酸性硅溶胶、碱性硅溶胶、中性硅溶胶与磷酸二氢铝中的一种或多种。
5.一种权利要求1所述的耐火保温无机材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括:
S1)将无机耐火纤维、粘土类矿物质、红外遮光剂、无机结合剂与水混合打浆,得到浆料;
S2)在所述浆料中加入絮凝剂与絮凝助剂进行絮凝,得到絮凝浆料;
S3)将所述絮凝浆料成型,得到耐火保温无机材料。
6.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述浆料中无机耐火纤维、粘土类矿物质、红外遮光剂与无机结合剂的总质量浓度为2%~4%。
7.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述絮凝剂为聚丙烯酰胺溶液;所述聚丙烯酰胺溶液的质量浓度为0.5%~1.5%;所述无机耐火纤维、粘土类矿物质、红外遮光剂与无机结合剂的总质量与聚丙烯酰胺溶液的质量比为10:1;所述絮凝助剂选自硫酸铝、氯化铝、氯化铁与聚合氯化铝中的一种或多种;所述无机耐火纤维、粘土类矿物质、红外遮光剂与无机结合剂的总质量与絮凝助剂的质量比为(120~170):1。
8.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S3)中成型后干燥,得到耐火保温无机材料;所述干燥为热风干燥或微波干燥;所述热风干燥的温度为120℃~150℃;所述微波干燥的温度为100℃~130℃。
10.根据权利要求10所述的耐火保温无机异形件,其特征在于,所述耐火保温无机异形件为陶瓷纤维坩埚、陶瓷纤维帽口、陶瓷纤维塞锥、陶瓷纤维套管、陶瓷纤维浇口杯、陶瓷纤维浇包或陶瓷纤维垫片。
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CN115448748A (zh) * | 2022-08-24 | 2022-12-09 | 佛山市陶本科技有限公司 | 高耐火极限高强度的发泡陶瓷及其制备方法 |
CN115894052A (zh) * | 2022-09-20 | 2023-04-04 | 宜兴市隆昌耐火材料有限公司 | 一种窑外预热器用抗耐磨耐火新材料及其制备方法 |
CN118290171A (zh) * | 2024-06-06 | 2024-07-05 | 安翼陶基新材料科技(淄博)有限公司 | 一种新型陶瓷纤维吸热材料及制备方法 |
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CN115448748A (zh) * | 2022-08-24 | 2022-12-09 | 佛山市陶本科技有限公司 | 高耐火极限高强度的发泡陶瓷及其制备方法 |
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CN118290171A (zh) * | 2024-06-06 | 2024-07-05 | 安翼陶基新材料科技(淄博)有限公司 | 一种新型陶瓷纤维吸热材料及制备方法 |
CN118290171B (zh) * | 2024-06-06 | 2024-08-06 | 安翼陶基新材料科技(淄博)有限公司 | 一种陶瓷纤维吸热材料及制备方法 |
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