CN112643020B - Metal powder spheroidizing shaping device and using method thereof - Google Patents
Metal powder spheroidizing shaping device and using method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/14—Treatment of metallic powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
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Abstract
The invention relates to a metal powder spheroidizing and shaping device and a using method thereof, wherein the metal powder spheroidizing and shaping device comprises a powder cylinder, a heating coil, an air pipeline, an electric fan, an air storage tank, a heating device and a cooling device, the lower end of the powder cylinder is an air inlet end, the upper end of the powder cylinder is an air outlet end, the air storage tank is connected with the air inlet end of the powder cylinder through the air pipeline, the electric fan and the heating device are arranged between the air storage tank and the air inlet end of the powder cylinder, the air outlet end of the powder cylinder is connected to the air storage tank through the air pipeline, the cooling device is arranged between the air outlet end of the powder cylinder and the air storage tank, and the heating coil is arranged outside the powder cylinder and used for heating the inside of the powder cylinder. Compared with the prior art, the invention can fluidize the powder through high-temperature protective gas to further shape the powder into a spherical shape. The invention has simple process, high sphericization rate and low cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of 3D printing, and particularly relates to a metal powder spheroidizing shaping device and a using method thereof.
Background
3D printing (Additive Manufacturing, AM) provides an ideal path for metal powder material molding, becomes an important technology for metal powder molding, at present, materials for metal 3D printing mainly comprise alloy powder such as aluminum alloy, stainless steel and titanium alloy, and molded parts made of the metal powder mainly have wide application in the industries such as aerospace, medical treatment and automobiles. Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is one of the metal 3D printing technologies, and plays a leading role in the 3D printing market. The characteristics of the metal powder material, such as flowability, particle size distribution and chemical composition, play a key role in setting process parameters in the printing process and final properties (such as mechanical properties) of the formed part. Among these, the flowability of the powder appears to be of paramount importance, and the use of spherical powder in 3D printing can provide higher particle flowability, better powder spreadability, and thus more excellent performance, compared to irregularly shaped powder.
At present, methods for producing spherical powder mainly include a GAs atomization method (GA), a plasma rotating electrode method (PREP), and the like.
The gas atomization method is a simple and economical powder production method which directly breaks liquid metal or alloy into fine liquid drops under the action of external force and quickly condenses the liquid drops to obtain powder. However, the powder produced by this method generally has a broad particle size distribution and poor sphericity, and during use, secondary sieving is required according to actual conditions.
The plasma rotating electrode method is a powder-making method in which a consumable electrode is made of metal or alloy, the end face of the consumable electrode is heated by electric arc and melted into liquid, the liquid is thrown out and crushed into fine liquid drops by the centrifugal force of high-speed rotation of the electrode, and then the fine liquid drops are condensed into powder. The powder prepared by the rotary electrode method has a narrow particle size distribution range of about 50-500 mu m, a particle shape very close to a spherical shape, a smooth surface and good fluidity, but the commercial metal powder prepared by the method is too expensive and is difficult to be widely applied in industry.
Therefore, it is an urgent problem to prepare a metal powder having high sphericity, good fluidity and low cost.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a metal powder spheroidizing and shaping device and a using method thereof, aiming at solving the technical problem of poor flowability caused by low sphericity of metal powder.
The device provided by the invention fluidizes powder through high-temperature protective gas to further shape the powder into a sphere.
The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention firstly provides a metal powder spheroidizing and shaping device which comprises a powder cylinder, a heating coil, an air duct, an electric fan, an air storage tank, a heating device and a cooling device, wherein the lower end of the powder cylinder is an air inlet end, the upper end of the powder cylinder is an air outlet end, the air storage tank is connected with the air inlet end of the powder cylinder through the air duct, the electric fan and the heating device are arranged between the air storage tank and the air inlet end of the powder cylinder, the air outlet end of the powder cylinder is connected to the air storage tank through the air duct, the cooling device is arranged between the air outlet end of the powder cylinder and the air storage tank, and the heating coil is arranged on the outer side of the powder cylinder and used for heating the inside of the powder cylinder.
In the invention, the electric fan is used for blowing protective gas into the heating device, and the protective gas enters the powder cylinder from the gas inlet end of the powder cylinder after being heated. The heating device is used for heating the protective gas to be fed into the powder cylinder. The heating coil is used for heating the metal powder in the powder cylinder. The cooling device is used for cooling the gas flowing out of the gas outlet end of the powder cylinder, and further the cooled gas can flow back to the gas storage tank for cyclic utilization.
In one embodiment of the invention, the powder cylinder is provided with a feeding hole and a material taking hole, the feeding hole is arranged at the upper part of the powder cylinder, and the material taking hole is arranged at the lower part of the powder cylinder. In the process of spheroidizing and shaping the metal powder, the feed inlet and the material taking port are closed, and the feed inlet and the material taking port are ensured to be strictly sealed. And the metal powder enters the powder cylinder through the feeding hole, and is taken out through the material taking hole at the lower part after the fluidization is finished.
In one embodiment of the invention, the powder cylinder comprises a non-metal high-temperature resistant pipe in the middle and high-temperature metal shells at the upper and lower ends, the feed inlet and the material taking port are respectively arranged on the high-temperature metal shells at the upper and lower ends, and the heating coil is arranged outside the non-metal high-temperature resistant pipe.
Preferably, the high temperature metal housing is provided in a tapered configuration. Preferably, the non-metallic high temperature resistant tube may be made of quartz, ceramic, or the like.
Preferably, the heating coil is a high-frequency heating coil, which may be of the induction or microwave type. The heating coil is used for heating the metal powder to a temperature slightly lower than the melting point of the metal powder, so that the metal powder has certain formability in the process of mutual collision of fluidization and spheroidization of the powder are promoted.
In one embodiment of the present invention, a screen is disposed at both the air inlet end and the air outlet end of the powder tank. The screen mesh can prevent metal powder from entering the ventilation pipeline and can ensure that high-temperature protective gas smoothly enters and exits the powder cylinder.
Preferably, the screen is a high-temperature-resistant screen. Preferably, the screen is a 1000-mesh high-temperature-resistant screen.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the heating device is an external heating device capable of heating the shielding gas inside the ventilation duct. In this case, the heating device may be a common heating device.
Preferably, the aeration conduit is arranged as a labyrinth conduit at the heating means, which increases the time for the gas to pass through the conduit for adequate preheating.
In an embodiment of the present invention, the heating device is a heating pipeline directly connected to the ventilation pipeline, the heating pipeline includes an outer wall of the ventilation pipeline, an outer insulating layer, an inner insulating layer, and a porous heating layer, which are sequentially disposed from outside to inside, two ends of the porous heating layer are directly connected to the ventilation pipeline, and the porous heating layer is printed with a conductive circuit for heating, so as to perform ventilation and heating functions.
Preferably, the outer insulating layer is made of ceramic, quartz or the like. The inner heat insulation layer is made of refractory bricks. The porous heating layer is composed of a porous ceramic matrix.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the heating pipeline is a labyrinth pipeline, so that the time for the gas to pass through the pipeline can be increased, and the purpose of sufficient preheating is achieved.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the cooling device may be a common cooling device, for example, a water-cooled cooling device may be used.
In one embodiment of the present invention, a ventilation valve and a gas pressure gauge are disposed between the gas tank and the ventilation pipe.
The invention also provides a using method of the metal powder spheroidizing and shaping device, which comprises the following steps:
1) adding the metal powder to be subjected to spheroidizing shaping into a powder cylinder;
2) starting an electric fan, and blowing protective gas into the heating device through the electric fan for preheating;
3) the preheated gas enters the powder cylinder from bottom to top to drive the metal powder to circularly flow in the powder cylinder;
4) meanwhile, a heating coil outside the powder cylinder carries out secondary heating on the powder in the powder cylinder, and the heating temperature is slightly lower than the melting point of the metal powder;
5) the metal powder is mutually collided and impacted under the drive of high-temperature protective gas, and the powder with irregular shape is gradually adjusted into a spherical shape;
6) after passing through the metal powder, the protective gas continuously circulates upwards, is reduced in temperature through the cooling device and enters the gas storage tank, so that the recovery is realized, and the recycling effect is achieved.
In step 2), the power of the electric fan should be controlled to a proper value, which can be set according to the characteristics of the processed powder, so that the protective gas is stably and continuously blown into the powder cylinder.
The step 6) is specifically as follows: under the action of an electric fan, the protective gas is gradually passed through a screen after being fluidized by powder, and then the temperature is reduced to room temperature under the action of a cooling device on an air duct. After the fluidization is finished, a ventilation valve on the gas storage tank is opened, so that the gas is recycled into the gas storage tank, and after the reading of the barometer reaches a certain value, the valve is closed, so that the gas recycling effect is achieved, and the cost is saved.
The protective gas is inert gas, preferably high-purity argon.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
1) by utilizing the device, the metal powder can be fluidized and shaped into an approximate sphere, so that the flowability of the powder is improved;
2) by utilizing the device, the protective gas can preheat the metal powder, remove moisture on the surface and activate the surface, in addition, the temperature difference among powder particles can be reduced, the particles are prevented from being broken due to stress, and the spheroidizing quality and efficiency are improved;
3) the circular flow of rare protective gas can be realized by using the screens used by the upper part and the lower part of the powder cylinder, and the rare protective gas can be recovered, so that the cost is saved;
4) the device has the advantages of simple process, high sphericization rate and low cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a metal powder fluidization shaping apparatus in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the internal structure of a heating duct in the metal powder fluidization shaping apparatus according to example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of a labyrinth layout structure adopted by a heating pipeline in the metal powder fluidization and shaping device in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a comparative electron micrograph of powder particles before and after treatment according to example 2 of the present invention.
Description of reference numerals:
1-powder jar; 2-screening a screen; 3-heating coil; 4-a feed inlet; 5-taking a material port; 6-an air duct; 7-an electric fan; 8-a vent valve; 9-a gas storage tank; 10-barometer; 11-a non-metallic high temperature resistant tube; 12-a high temperature metal housing; 13-the outer wall of the vent tube; 14-an outer insulating layer; 15-inner insulating layer; 16-a porous heating layer; 17. a heating device; 18. a cooling device.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and specific embodiments.
Examples
Referring to fig. 1, the embodiment firstly provides a metal powder spheroidizing and shaping device, which includes a powder cylinder 1, a heating coil 3, an air duct 6, an electric fan 7, a gas storage tank 9, a heating device 17 and a cooling device 18, wherein the lower end of the powder cylinder 1 is an air inlet end, the upper end of the powder cylinder 1 is an air outlet end, the gas storage tank 9 is connected with the air inlet end of the powder cylinder 1 through the air duct 6, the electric fan 7 and the heating device 17 are arranged between the gas storage tank 9 and the air inlet end of the powder cylinder 1, the air outlet end of the powder cylinder 1 is connected to the gas storage tank 9 through the air duct 6, the cooling device 18 is arranged between the air outlet end of the powder cylinder 1 and the gas storage tank 9, and the heating coil 3 is arranged outside the powder cylinder 1 and used for heating the inside of the powder cylinder 1.
In this embodiment, the electric blower 7 is used for blowing a protective gas into the heating device 17, and the protective gas enters the powder cylinder 1 from the air inlet end of the powder cylinder 1 after being heated. The heating device 17 is used for heating the protective gas to be fed into the powder cylinder 1. The heating coil 3 is used for heating the metal powder in the powder cylinder 1. The cooling device 18 is used for cooling the gas flowing out from the gas outlet end of the powder cylinder 1, so that the cooled gas can flow back into the gas storage tank 9 for cyclic utilization.
Referring to fig. 1, in the present embodiment, the powder cylinder 1 is provided with a feeding hole 4 and a material taking hole 5, the feeding hole 4 is arranged at the upper part of the powder cylinder 1, and the material taking hole 5 is arranged at the lower part of the powder cylinder 1. During the process of spheroidizing the metal powder, the feeding hole 4 and the material taking hole 5 are closed, and the feeding hole 4 and the material taking hole 5 are ensured to be tightly sealed. The metal powder enters the powder cylinder 1 through the feeding hole 4, and is taken out through the material taking hole 5 below after the fluidization is finished.
Referring to fig. 1, in this embodiment, the powder cylinder 1 includes a non-metal high temperature resistant pipe 11 located in the middle and high temperature metal shells 12 located at the upper and lower ends, the feeding port 4 and the material taking port 5 are respectively disposed on the high temperature metal shells 12 at the upper and lower ends, and the heating coil 3 is disposed outside the non-metal high temperature resistant pipe 11. In this embodiment, the high temperature metal housing 12 is configured as a conical structure. In this embodiment, the non-metal high temperature resistant tube may be made of quartz, ceramic, or other materials.
Referring to fig. 1, in the present embodiment, the heating coil 3 is a high-frequency heating coil, and may be of an induction type or a microwave type. The heating coil 3 serves to heat the metal powder to a temperature slightly lower than its melting point, so that the metal powder has certain formability during the collision of fluidization with each other, and spheroidization of the powder is promoted.
Referring to fig. 1, in the present embodiment, a screen 2 is disposed at both the air inlet end and the air outlet end of the powder cylinder 1. The screen 2 can prevent the metal powder from entering the ventilation pipeline 6 and can ensure that the high-temperature protective gas smoothly enters and exits the powder cylinder 1. In this embodiment, the screen 2 is a 1000-mesh high-temperature-resistant screen.
Referring to fig. 2, in this embodiment, the heating device 17 is a heating pipeline directly connected to the ventilation pipeline 6, the heating pipeline includes an outer wall 13 of the ventilation pipeline, an outer insulating layer 14, an inner insulating layer 15, and a porous heating layer 16, which are sequentially disposed from outside to inside, two ends of the porous heating layer 16 are directly connected to the ventilation pipeline 6, and the porous heating layer 16 is externally printed with a conductive circuit for heating, so as to perform ventilation and heating functions.
In this embodiment, the outer thermal insulation layer 14 is made of ceramic or quartz. The inner insulating layer 15 is made of refractory bricks. The porous heating layer 16 is composed of a porous ceramic matrix.
Referring to fig. 3, in the present embodiment, the heating pipeline is a labyrinth pipeline, so that the time for the gas to pass through the pipeline can be increased, thereby achieving the purpose of sufficient preheating.
In this embodiment, the cooling device 18 may be a common cooling device, for example, a water-cooled cooling device may be used.
Referring to fig. 1, in the present embodiment, a ventilation valve 8 and a barometer 10 are disposed between the air tank 9 and the ventilation pipeline 6.
The embodiment also provides a using method of the metal powder spheroidizing and shaping device, which comprises the following steps:
1) adding the metal powder to be subjected to spheroidizing shaping into a powder cylinder;
2) starting an electric fan, and blowing protective gas into the heating device through the electric fan for preheating;
3) the preheated gas enters the powder cylinder from bottom to top to drive the metal powder to circularly flow in the powder cylinder;
4) meanwhile, a heating coil outside the powder cylinder carries out secondary heating on the powder in the powder cylinder, and the heating temperature is slightly lower than the melting point of the metal powder;
5) the metal powder is mutually collided and impacted under the drive of high-temperature protective gas, and the powder with irregular shape is gradually adjusted into a spherical shape;
6) after passing through the metal powder, the protective gas continuously circulates upwards, is reduced in temperature through the cooling device and enters the gas storage tank, so that the recovery is realized, and the recycling effect is achieved.
In step 2), the power of the electric fan should be controlled to a proper value, which can be set according to the characteristics of the processed powder, so that the protective gas is stably and continuously blown into the powder cylinder.
The step 6) is specifically as follows: under the action of an electric fan, the protective gas is gradually passed through a screen after being fluidized by powder, and then the temperature is reduced to room temperature under the action of a cooling device on an air duct. After the fluidization is finished, a ventilation valve on the gas storage tank is opened, so that the gas is recycled into the gas storage tank, and after the reading of the barometer reaches a certain value, the valve is closed, so that the gas recycling effect is achieved, and the cost is saved.
The protective gas is inert gas, preferably high-purity argon.
Example 2
The AlSi 20% aluminum alloy powder was spheroidized using the apparatus shown in example 1.
Weighing 1kg of AlSi 20% aluminum alloy powder, opening a feed inlet, pouring the powder into a powder cylinder, closing a valve of the feed inlet, and ensuring that the feed inlet and a material taking port are strictly sealed. And (3) turning on an electric fan to adjust the power to 100W, then opening a ventilation valve of the gas storage tank, and continuously blowing high-purity argon into the ventilation pipe. The high-purity argon is heated to 400-550 ℃ under the action of a conducting circuit on a porous ceramic substrate of the heating pipeline, then the argon enters the powder cylinder through the screen to drive the aluminum alloy powder to roll in the cylinder for 5 minutes, then a heating coil power supply is turned on, and the temperature is raised to 600-620 ℃. And after 1-2 hours, closing a heating coil power supply and a heating power supply, opening a ventilation valve on a gas storage tank, completely recovering the high-purity argon, and then closing the valve and an electric fan power supply. And after the powder in the cylinder body stops moving completely, opening the material taking port, and closing the material taking port after all the aluminum alloy powder is taken out.
The sphericity of the powder obtained in this example was checked: maximum sphericity 0.985, minimum sphericity 0.693, average sphericity 0.931. Particle size distribution: d10=16.77 μm, D50=37.25 μm, D90=52.34 μm. The standard is as follows: d10 is more than or equal to 15 mu m and less than or equal to 25 mu m, D50 is more than or equal to 30 mu m and less than or equal to 45 mu m, and D90 is more than or equal to 50 mu m and less than or equal to 65 mu m.
The ratio of the powder particles before and after the treatment by the method of the present embodiment is shown in FIG. 4, the left side in FIG. 4 is an electron micrograph of the powder particles before the treatment by the method of the present embodiment, and the right side in FIG. 4 is an electron micrograph of the powder particles after the treatment by the method of the present embodiment.
The embodiments described above are described to facilitate an understanding and use of the invention by those skilled in the art. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications to these embodiments may be made, and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications within the scope of the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A metal powder spheroidizing and shaping device is characterized by comprising a powder cylinder (1), a heating coil (3), an air pipeline (6), an electric fan (7), a gas storage tank (9), a heating device (17) and a cooling device (18), wherein the lower end of the powder cylinder (1) is an air inlet end, the upper end of the powder cylinder (1) is an air outlet end, the gas storage tank (9) is connected with the air inlet end of the powder cylinder (1) through the air pipeline (6), the electric fan (7) and the heating device (17) are arranged between the gas storage tank (9) and the air inlet end of the powder cylinder (1), the air outlet end of the powder cylinder (1) is connected to the gas storage tank (9) through the air pipeline (6), the cooling device (18) is arranged between the air outlet end of the powder cylinder (1) and the gas storage tank (9), the heating coil (3) is arranged outside the powder cylinder (1), is used for heating the inside of the powder cylinder (1);
the powder cylinder (1) comprises a nonmetal high-temperature resistant pipe (11) positioned in the middle and high-temperature metal shells (12) positioned at the upper end and the lower end, and the heating coil (3) is arranged on the outer side of the nonmetal high-temperature resistant pipe (11);
the heating device (17) is a heating pipeline directly connected with the air duct (6), the heating pipeline comprises an air duct outer wall (13), an outer heat insulation layer (14), an inner heat insulation layer (15) and a porous heating layer (16), the air duct outer wall, the outer heat insulation layer, the inner heat insulation layer and the porous heating layer are sequentially arranged from outside to inside, two ends of the porous heating layer (16) are directly connected with the air duct (6), and a conductive circuit is printed outside the porous heating layer (16) and used for heating; the heating pipeline is a labyrinth pipeline.
2. The metal powder spheroidizing shaping device according to claim 1, wherein the powder cylinder (1) is provided with a feeding hole (4) and a material taking hole (5), the feeding hole (4) is arranged at the upper part of the powder cylinder (1), and the material taking hole (5) is arranged at the lower part of the powder cylinder (1).
3. The metal powder spheroidizing shaping device according to claim 2, wherein the feeding port (4) and the material taking port (5) are respectively arranged on the high temperature metal shell (12) at the upper end and the lower end.
4. The metal powder spheroidizing shaping device according to claim 1, wherein a screen (2) is arranged at both the air inlet end and the air outlet end of the powder cylinder (1).
5. The metal powder spheroidization shaping device according to claim 1, wherein the heating device (17) adopts an external heating device capable of heating the protective gas inside the air duct (6).
6. The metal powder spheroidizing shaping device according to claim 1, wherein a vent valve (8) and a gas pressure gauge (10) are arranged between the gas storage tank (9) and the vent pipeline (6).
7. The use method of the metal powder spheroidizing shaping device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising the steps of:
1) adding the metal powder to be subjected to spheroidizing shaping into a powder cylinder;
2) starting an electric fan, and blowing protective gas into the heating device through the electric fan for preheating;
3) the preheated gas enters the powder cylinder from bottom to top to drive the metal powder to circularly flow in the powder cylinder;
4) meanwhile, a heating coil outside the powder cylinder carries out secondary heating on the powder in the powder cylinder, and the heating temperature is lower than the melting point of the metal powder;
5) the metal powder is mutually collided and impacted under the drive of high-temperature protective gas, and the powder with irregular shape is gradually adjusted into a spherical shape;
6) and after passing through the metal powder, the protective gas continuously circulates upwards, is cooled by the cooling device and enters the gas storage tank, so that the recovery is realized.
8. The use method of the metal powder spheroidizing shaping device according to claim 7, wherein the inert gas is used as the protective gas.
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| CN117300140B (en) * | 2023-11-29 | 2024-02-02 | 矿冶科技集团有限公司 | Preparation method and preparation equipment of alloy powder for laser cladding |
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| JP2003049201A (en) * | 2001-08-03 | 2003-02-21 | High Frequency Heattreat Co Ltd | Spherical powder of metal and metallic compound, and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN108213451A (en) * | 2016-12-14 | 2018-06-29 | 彭徽 | A kind of method and apparatus of metal powder nodularization |
| CN109877330A (en) * | 2019-03-20 | 2019-06-14 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of device and application method producing 3D printing spherical metal powder |
| CN111702164A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-09-25 | 同济大学 | Processing device for improving sphericity of 3D printing metal powder and application thereof |
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| WO2015023438A1 (en) * | 2013-08-12 | 2015-02-19 | United Technologies Corporation | Powder spheroidizing via fluidized bed |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003049201A (en) * | 2001-08-03 | 2003-02-21 | High Frequency Heattreat Co Ltd | Spherical powder of metal and metallic compound, and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN108213451A (en) * | 2016-12-14 | 2018-06-29 | 彭徽 | A kind of method and apparatus of metal powder nodularization |
| CN109877330A (en) * | 2019-03-20 | 2019-06-14 | 北京科技大学 | A kind of device and application method producing 3D printing spherical metal powder |
| CN111702164A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-09-25 | 同济大学 | Processing device for improving sphericity of 3D printing metal powder and application thereof |
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