CN110295294A - A kind of preparation method mutually optimizing copper chromium contact by adding Ultra-fine Grained chromium - Google Patents
A kind of preparation method mutually optimizing copper chromium contact by adding Ultra-fine Grained chromium Download PDFInfo
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- CN110295294A CN110295294A CN201910530438.3A CN201910530438A CN110295294A CN 110295294 A CN110295294 A CN 110295294A CN 201910530438 A CN201910530438 A CN 201910530438A CN 110295294 A CN110295294 A CN 110295294A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/0425—Copper-based alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C1/045—Alloys based on refractory metals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H1/00—Contacts
- H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
- H01H1/021—Composite material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H1/00—Contacts
- H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
- H01H1/021—Composite material
- H01H1/025—Composite material having copper as the basic material
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of preparation methods for mutually optimizing copper chromium contact by adding Ultra-fine Grained chromium, belong to middle pressure technical field of vacuum switches.Mainly comprise the steps that (1) ingredient；(2) vacuum induction melting；(3) powder by atomization；(4) powder is mixed；(5) compacting sintering；(6) it is machined；The present invention is to prepare cu cr contact material using mixed powder sintering technique on the basis of vacuum induction aerosolization, chromiumcopper powder is prepared using vacuum induction aerosolization, to provide extremely tiny chromium phase for contact, then pass through addition conventional chromium powder, meet the copper chromium contact of chromium content requirement using solid-phase sintering process preparation, it is exceeded that this contact not only avoids the tiny caused gas content of conventional production method pursuit chromium particle, and the size of chromium phase is much smaller than conventional chromium powder, greatly optimizes contact performance；The copper chromium contact prepared through the invention is low in cost, function admirable, is suitble to industrial mass manufacture.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to middle pressure technical field of vacuum switches, and in particular to one kind passes through addition Ultra-fine Grained chromium phase Optimization of Copper chromium
The preparation method of contact.
Background technique
Cu cr contact material is the core component in middle pressure vacuum switch field, by years of researches, it is believed that chromiumcopper
The size of chromium phase reduces in contact metallographic structure, can greatly optimize the electrical property and mechanical performance of material, and copper chromium closes at present
The mainstream preparation process of golden contact is broadly divided into melting and two kinds of powder metallurgy, and the copper chromium of conventional vacuum induction melting preparation closes
For golden contact since cooling velocity is low, chromium phase size is generally bigger than normal, and contact center region and border region chromium phase size exist compared with
Big difference, even if so that cooling velocity further increases, but chromium phase size is still protected using relatively advanced electric arc melting technique
It holds in 20-50um, it is still bigger than normal relative to the arc spot size in work condition environment, and due to the good mechanical property of as-cast structure
Can, it is unfavorable for the anti-melting welding of the service condition of contact faced, and the copper chromium contact of mixed powder sintering technique preparation is used, although very
Good solves contact resistance fusion welding energy, but is limited to the original size of chromium powder, and it is more coarse that chromium phase size compares smelting technology,
Its requirement on electric performance for being unfavorable for contact, although the mutually minimum powder of chromium can be prepared using electrode induction melting gas atomization
End prepares copper chromium contact, but electrode induction melting gas atomization low efficiency for mixed powder sintering, and it is raw not to be suitable for big batch
It produces, and is limited by technique, the argon gas consumption of aerosolization process greatly, forms huge production cost, thus greatly limits this
The practical application of kind technique.
Summary of the invention
In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a kind of low in cost, function admirable by adding Ultra-fine Grained
Chromium mutually optimizes the preparation method of copper chromium contact.
The technical scheme is that a kind of preparation method for mutually optimizing copper chromium contact by adding Ultra-fine Grained chromium, mainly
The following steps are included:
(1) ingredient
Taking Cu stick, Cr block, routine Cr powder is raw material, for use, wherein the mesh number of conventional Cr powder is -80+320；
(2) vacuum induction melting
By weight for the proportion of 19:1-4:1 by above-mentioned Cu stick, Cr it is packaged enter vacuum induction melting furnace in ceramic crucible
In, it vacuumizes, reaches 9 × 10 to vacuum degree-1When Pa or less, ceramic crucible is added by the way of gradient-heated power
Heat when Cu starts fusing, closes vacuum system, is filled with argon gas or other inert gases to vacuum degree so that raw material are melted
For -0.08-0.02MPa, while tundish is preheated, power is maintained at 7-45KW, until molten metal wholeization clearly, stir
It mixes uniformly, according to molten metal ingredient, is kept for 100-200 DEG C of the degree of superheat, prepare atomization；
(3) powder by atomization
It is filled with argon gas to vacuum induction melting system, is guaranteed at slight positive pressure state, detects tundish temperature >=alloy melting point
When, the high pressure argon gas stream in atomization system is opened, argon pressure 2-8MPa is atomized, molten metal in ceramic crucible is poured into
Between wrap, metal liquid flows through high pressure argon gas jeting area by diversion pipe, and metal liquid atomization is broken into big by high pressure argon gas stream
Fine drop is measured, tiny drop is awing frozen into particle, wherein the size of chromium phase reaches 200nm-5um, passes through screening
Selecting powder size is the CuCr alloyed powder of -100 mesh as subsequent raw material；
(4) powder is mixed
Above-mentioned CuCr alloyed powder is mixed with routine Cr powder according to the ratio that weight ratio is 3:1-1:1, obtains mixed powder, so
It is afterwards that 100:100 is mixed according to ratio of grinding media to material with steel ball by mixed powder, carries out mixed powder, wherein mixing time 3-10h；
(5) compacting sintering
Above-mentioned mixed-powder after mixing is suppressed using press moulding mode, wherein consistency > 95%, then
Vacuum-sintering is carried out, vacuum degree is 5 × 10-2Pa grades hereinafter, and 950-1050 DEG C at a temperature of keep the temperature 3-5h.
(6) it is machined
It is machined according to drawing requirement.
Further, in the step (2) gradient-heated power mode specific steps are as follows: S1: with the power of 35-45KW
Ceramic crucible is heated, 10-15min is kept the temperature；S2: heating power is risen into 55-65KW, keeps the temperature 7-8min；S3: again will
Heating power rises to 75-85KW, when Cu starts fusing, heating power is reduced to 7-30KW, and keep, until molten metal
Wholeization is clear.
Further, the step (2), high pressure argon gas described in (3) purity be 99.99%, air velocity is
230-750m/s carries out powder by atomization by the argon gas of high-purity, ensure that the purity of the metal powder of preparation, and by above-mentioned
The range of air-flow velocity facilitates the partial size of control metal powder.
Further, in CuCr alloyed powder obtained in the step (3), Cr content accounting is 5-20%, through step (5)
Chromium content is 25-50% in the CuCr alloy obtained after compacting sintering, since chromiumcopper viscosity itself is big, rapid heat dissipation, works as chromium
Content is higher than 20% alloy, and blocking package phenomenon easily occurs in atomization process, so Cr content accounting is 5- in CuCr alloyed powder
20%, chromium content is improved subsequently through addition conventional chromium powder, finally prepares to form chromium content in 25- using mixed powder sintering technique
50% chromiumcopper, satisfaction prepare the requirement of cu cr contact material.
Further, mixed powder described in the step (4) carries out in the ball mill, detailed process are as follows: by mixed powder with
Steel ball is added in batch mixer, and ball-milling additive is added thereto, then with 10-30 revs/min of revolving speed mixing 3-10h, in ball
During mill, to the bistrique or mill tail water spray of ball mill, it is 60-80 DEG C by the temperature in cooling water control ball mill, leads to
Crossing addition ball-milling additive is easy the grinding of ball mill more, improves the yield of ball mill, also can preferably protect and set
Standby internal device.
Further, the ball-milling additive is polyethylene pyrrole network alkanone, be can reduce by the way that polyethylene pyrrole network alkanone is added
Ball milling resistance improves quality of the ball mill.
Further, before suppressing in the step (5) the mixed-powder after ball milling, nothing first is added in mixed-powder
Hydrous ethanol solution simultaneously mixes, and states be passed through alternation high-frequency impulse electric field in mixed liquor then up, make mixed liquor in 100-120 DEG C of item
Evenly dispersed 35-50min under the action of alternation high-frequency impulse electric field under part, then, will treated mixed liquor through centrifugation point
From, filtering with microporous membrane, after dry, by the way that the powder after ball milling is carried out above-mentioned processing, powder is made to be uniformly dispersed,
It is not easy to reunite, and the material for preparing has excellent mechanical performance and good after the repressed sinter molding of alloy powder dispersed
Electrical property effectively extends the electric life of contact.
Further, the electric field strength of the alternation high-frequency impulse electric field is 45-70kV/cm, and pulse width is 20-35 μ
S, pulse frequency 500-1000Hz make high-frequency impulse electric field by the high-frequency impulse electric field of above-mentioned parameter to mixed liquor processing
Being optimal of peptizaiton.
Further, to compacting sintering in step (5), treated that metal contact finished product is surface-treated, specific to locate
Reason process are as follows: the metal contact finished product prepared is put into vacuum environment, using plasma generator to metal contact finished product
Surface is scanned, during scanning, make the metal contact finished product prepared along different directions rotate, and plasma beam with
Angle between metal contact finished product remains the angle of 45-50 degree, wherein scanning speed 6-12mm/s, plasma
Frequency be 330-550HZ, since plasma electric beam has biggish ionization energy, by being carried out to metal contact finished surface etc.
Ion processing, can remove the impurity or thin oxide layer of metal contact finished surface, to reduce the surface of contact metal finished product
Resistance makes its electrical property have certain change, and by the angle between plasma electric beam and metal contact finished product, makes plasma electric
Beam improves treatment effeciency to the maximization of metal contact finished surface area.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
(1) present invention is to prepare cu cr contact material using mixed powder sintering technique on the basis of vacuum induction aerosolization,
Chromiumcopper powder is prepared using vacuum induction aerosolization, so that extremely tiny chromium phase is provided for contact, then by adding
Add conventional chromium powder, the copper chromium contact of chromium content requirement is met using solid-phase sintering process preparation, this contact not only avoids often
It is exceeded to advise the tiny caused gas content of production method pursuit chromium particle, and the size of chromium phase is much smaller than conventional chromium powder, greatly
Optimize contact performance.
(2) present invention passes through " quenching " of vacuum induction aerosolization, the acquisition chromium phase of the more cheap costs in mass of use
Size reaches chromiumcopper powder between 200nm-5um, but since chromiumcopper viscosity itself is big, rapid heat dissipation, when chromium content height
In 20% alloy, easily there is blocking package phenomenon, passes through verification experimental verification in atomization process, it is believed that the chromiumcopper powder of technique preparation
Cr content answer≤20%, subsequently through addition routine Cr powder mention high-Cr, finally use mixed powder sintering technique prepare to be formed
Cr content is in the cu cr contact material of 25-50%, this kind of contact is because the copper chromium containing the preparation of vacuum induction gas atomization closes
Bronze, chromium phase size is minimum in powder, therefore compares the mixed powder sintering copper chromium contact prepared using conventional chromium powder, and performance is more excellent
It is good, and compared to the mixed powder sintering contact of electrode induction aerosolization chromiumcopper preparation, cost is extremely low, and it is raw to be suitable for big batch
It produces.
(3) when the present invention carries out ball milling, by adding ball-milling additive, it can reduce ball milling resistance, improve quality of the ball mill, together
When, it is red in the process of ball milling, achieved the purpose that by bistrique to ball mill or mill tail water spray cooling, both improves ball mill
Yield also can preferably protect the device inside equipment.
(4) present invention makes powder point by being passed through the processing of alternation high-frequency impulse electric field to the mixed-powder after ball milling
It dissipates uniformly, it is not easy to reunite, and the material prepared after the repressed sinter molding of alloy powder dispersed has excellent mechanical performance
With good electrical property, the electric life of contact is effectively extended.
(5) present invention can remove gold by carrying out plasma scan process to the metal contact finished surface prepared
The impurity or thin oxide layer for belonging to contact finished surface make its electrical property have one to reduce the sheet resistance of contact metal finished product
It is fixed to take on a new look, and by the angle between plasma electric beam and metal contact finished product, make plasma electric beam to metal contact assembled watch
The maximization of face area improves treatment effeciency.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is work flow diagram of the invention；
Fig. 2 is of the invention containing the CuCr spherical powder that Cr is 20% accounting；
Fig. 3 is the Cr particle of the invention containing small and dispersed inside the CuCr spherical powder that Cr is 20% accounting；
Fig. 4 is the metallographic microscope of CuCr30 of the invention.
Specific embodiment
Technical solution of the present invention is further discussed in detail with reference to embodiments, but protection scope of the present invention
It is not limited thereto.
Embodiment 1
(1) ingredient
Taking Cu stick, Cr block, routine Cr powder is raw material, for use, wherein the mesh number of conventional Cr powder is -80+320；
(2) vacuum induction melting
By weight for the proportion of 19:1 by above-mentioned Cu stick, Cr it is packaged enter vacuum induction melting furnace in ceramic crucible in, take out
Vacuum reaches 9 × 10 to vacuum degree-1When Pa or less, ceramic crucible is heated by the way of gradient-heated power, so that
Raw material fusing closes vacuum system when Cu starts fusing, is filled with argon gas or other inert gases that purity is 99.99%
It is -0.08MPa to vacuum degree, while tundish is preheated, power is maintained at 7KW, waits until that molten metal wholeization is clear, stirs
It mixes uniformly, according to molten metal ingredient, is kept for 100 DEG C of the degree of superheat, prepare atomization；
(3) powder by atomization
Being filled with purity to vacuum induction melting system is 99.99% argon gas, is guaranteed at slight positive pressure state, detects tundish temperature
When degree is equal to alloy melting point, the high pressure argon gas stream in atomization system is opened, argon pressure 2MPa is atomized, by metal in ceramic crucible
Melt pours into tundish, and metal liquid flows through high pressure argon gas jeting area by diversion pipe, and high pressure argon gas stream is by metal liquid
Atomization is broken into a large amount of fine drops, and tiny drop is awing frozen into particle, wherein and the size of chromium phase reaches 200nm,
Select CuCr alloyed powder of the powder size for -100 mesh as subsequent raw material by sieving, Cr content accounting in CuCr alloyed powder
It is 5%；
(4) powder is mixed
Above-mentioned CuCr alloyed powder is mixed with routine Cr powder according to the ratio that weight ratio is 3:1, mixed powder is obtained, then will
Mixed powder is that 100:100 is mixed according to ratio of grinding media to material with steel ball, carries out mixed powder, wherein mixing time 3h；
(5) compacting sintering
Mixed-powder after above-mentioned mixed powder is suppressed using press moulding mode, wherein consistency 93% then carries out
Vacuum-sintering, vacuum degree are 5 × 10-2Pa grades hereinafter, and 950 DEG C at a temperature of keep the temperature 3h, wherein chromium in CuCr alloy
Content is 25%.
(6) it is machined
It is machined according to drawing requirement.
Embodiment 2
(1) ingredient
Taking Cu stick, Cr block, routine Cr powder is raw material, for use, wherein the mesh number of conventional Cr powder is -80+320；
(2) vacuum induction melting
By weight for the proportion of 10:1 by above-mentioned Cu stick, Cr it is packaged enter vacuum induction melting furnace in ceramic crucible in, take out
Vacuum reaches 9 × 10 to vacuum degree-1When Pa or less, ceramic crucible is heated by the way of gradient-heated power, so that
Raw material fusing closes vacuum system when Cu starts fusing, is filled with argon gas or other inert gases that purity is 99.99%
It is -0.03MPa to vacuum degree, while tundish is preheated, power is maintained at 25KW, wait until that molten metal wholeization is clear,
It stirs evenly, according to molten metal ingredient, is kept for 150 DEG C of the degree of superheat, prepare atomization；
(3) powder by atomization
It is filled with the argon gas that purity is 99.99% to vacuum induction melting system, slight positive pressure state is guaranteed at, detects tundish
When temperature is equal to alloy melting point, the high pressure argon gas stream in atomization system is opened, is atomized argon pressure 5MPa, it will be golden in ceramic crucible
Belong to melt and pour into tundish, metal liquid flows through high pressure argon gas jeting area by diversion pipe, and high pressure argon gas stream is by molten metal
Body atomization is broken into a large amount of fine drops, and tiny drop is awing frozen into particle, wherein and the size of chromium phase reaches 1um,
Select CuCr alloyed powder of the powder size for -100 mesh as subsequent raw material by sieving, Cr content accounting in CuCr alloyed powder
It is 12%；
(4) powder is mixed
Above-mentioned CuCr alloyed powder is mixed with routine Cr powder according to the ratio that weight ratio is 2:1, mixed powder is obtained, then will
Mixed powder is that 100:100 is mixed according to ratio of grinding media to material with steel ball, carries out mixed powder, wherein mixing time 6h；
(5) compacting sintering
Mixed-powder after above-mentioned mixed powder is suppressed using press moulding mode, wherein consistency 93% then carries out true
Sky sintering, vacuum degree are 5 × 10-2Pa grades hereinafter, and 1000 DEG C at a temperature of keep the temperature 4h, wherein chromium in CuCr alloy
Content is 35%.
(6) it is machined
It is machined according to drawing requirement.
Embodiment 3
(1) ingredient
Taking Cu stick, Cr block, routine Cr powder is raw material, for use, wherein the mesh number of conventional Cr powder is -80+320；
(2) vacuum induction melting
By weight for the proportion of 4:1 by above-mentioned Cu stick, Cr it is packaged enter vacuum induction melting furnace in ceramic crucible in, take out true
Sky reaches 9 × 10 to vacuum degree-1When Pa or less, ceramic crucible is heated by the way of gradient-heated power, so that former
Material fusing, when Cu start fusing when, close vacuum system, be filled with purity be 99.99% argon gas or other inert gases extremely
Vacuum degree is 0.02MPa, while preheating to tundish that power is maintained at 45KW, waits until that molten metal wholeization is clear, stirring
Uniformly, it according to molten metal ingredient, is kept for 200 DEG C of the degree of superheat, prepares atomization；
(3) powder by atomization
It is filled with the argon gas that purity is 99.99% to vacuum induction melting system, slight positive pressure state is guaranteed at, detects tundish
When temperature is equal to alloy melting point, the high pressure argon gas stream in atomization system is opened, is atomized argon pressure 8MPa, it will be golden in ceramic crucible
Belong to melt and pour into tundish, metal liquid flows through high pressure argon gas jeting area by diversion pipe, and high pressure argon gas stream is by molten metal
Body atomization is broken into a large amount of fine drops, and tiny drop is awing frozen into particle, wherein and the size of chromium phase reaches 5um,
Select CuCr alloyed powder of the powder size for -100 mesh as subsequent raw material by sieving, Cr content accounting in CuCr alloyed powder
It is 20%；
(4) powder is mixed
Above-mentioned CuCr alloyed powder is mixed with routine Cr powder according to the ratio that weight ratio is 1:1, mixed powder is obtained, then will
Mixed powder is that 100:100 is mixed according to ratio of grinding media to material with steel ball, carries out mixed powder, wherein mixing time 10h；
(5) compacting sintering
Mixed-powder after above-mentioned mixed powder is suppressed using press moulding mode, wherein consistency 93% then carries out true
Sky sintering, vacuum degree are 5 × 10-2Pa grades hereinafter, and 1050 DEG C at a temperature of keep the temperature 5h, wherein chromium in CuCr alloy
Content is 50%.
(6) it is machined
It is machined according to drawing requirement.
Embodiment 4
Embodiment 4 is substantially the same manner as Example 2, the difference is that:
The specific steps of gradient-heated power mode in step (2) are as follows: S1: ceramic crucible is added with the power of 40KW
Heat keeps the temperature 13min；S2: heating power is risen into 60KW, keeps the temperature 7.5min；S3: rising to 80KW for heating power again, to Cu
When starting fusing, heating power is reduced to 20KW, and keep, until molten metal wholeization is clear.
Embodiment 5
Mixed powder in step (4) carries out in the ball mill, detailed process are as follows: ball mill mixing machine is added in mixed powder and steel ball
In, and polyethylene pyrrole network alkanone is added thereto, and powder 6h is then mixed with 20 revs/min of revolving speed ball milling, during ball milling,
It is 70 DEG C by the temperature in cooling water control ball mill, by adding bistrique from polyethylene pyrrole to ball mill or mill tail water spray
Network alkanone is easy the grinding of ball mill more, improves the yield of ball mill, also can preferably protect inside equipment
Device.
Embodiment 6
Before suppressing in step (5) the mixed-powder after ball milling, ethanol solution first is added simultaneously in mixed-powder
It mixes, is stated in mixed liquor then up and be passed through alternation high-frequency impulse electric field, make alternation high frequency arteries and veins of mixed liquor under the conditions of 110 DEG C
Rush evenly dispersed 45min under the action of electric field, then, will treated that mixed liquor is centrifuged, filtering with microporous membrane, it is dry
Afterwards, wherein electric field strength 60kV/cm, pulse width are 30 μ s, and pulse frequency 800Hz passes through the height of above-mentioned parameter
Frequency impulse electric field makes being optimal of peptizaiton of high-frequency impulse electric field to mixed liquor processing, by by the powder after ball milling
Above-mentioned processing is carried out, powder is made to be uniformly dispersed, it is not easy to reunite, and prepared after the repressed sinter molding of alloy powder dispersed
Material have excellent mechanical performance and good electrical property, effectively extend the electric life of contact.
Embodiment 7
To compacting sintering in step (5), treated that metal contact finished product is surface-treated, the specific process is as follows: will
The metal contact finished product prepared is put into vacuum environment, is swept using plasma generator to metal contact finished surface
Retouch, during scanning, rotate the metal contact finished product prepared along different directions, and plasma beam and metal contact at
Angle between product remains 48 degree of angle, wherein scanning speed 9mm/s, the frequency of plasma are 450HZ, by
There is biggish ionization energy in plasma electric beam, by carrying out plasma treatment to metal contact finished surface, gold can be removed
The impurity or thin oxide layer for belonging to contact finished surface make its electrical property have one to reduce the sheet resistance of contact metal finished product
It is fixed to take on a new look, and by the angle between plasma electric beam and metal contact finished product, make plasma electric beam to metal contact assembled watch
The maximization of face area improves treatment effeciency.
Test example
By the correlated performance for mutually optimizing copper chromium contact prepared by the embodiment of the present invention 1-7 by adding Ultra-fine Grained chromium
Parameter is as shown in table 1:
Table 1: the correlation performance parameters table of copper chromium contact
It can be obtained by table 1, conductivity >=23MS/m of the copper chromium contact of preparation of the invention, hardness >=70HB, density >=
7.8g/cm3, oxygen content≤500ppm, nitrogen content≤20ppm；The cu cr contact material prepared through the invention not only increases
The mechanical performances such as hardness, anti-melting welding, optimize the electric property of cu cr contact material, avoid conventional production method and pursue chromium
The exceeded problem of gas content caused by grain is tiny, and the remote small conventional chromium powder of size of chromium phase.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than its limitations；Although
Present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that: it still may be used
To modify to technical solution documented by previous embodiment or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features；And
These are modified or replaceed, the spirit and model of technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention that it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution
It encloses.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of preparation method for mutually optimizing copper chromium contact by adding Ultra-fine Grained chromium, which is characterized in that mainly include following step
It is rapid:
(1) ingredient
Taking Cu stick, Cr block, routine Cr powder is raw material, for use, wherein the mesh number of conventional Cr powder is -80+320；
(2) vacuum induction melting
By weight for the proportion of 19:1-4:1 by above-mentioned Cu stick, Cr it is packaged enter vacuum induction melting furnace in ceramic crucible in, take out
Vacuum reaches 9 × 10 to vacuum degree-1When Pa or less, ceramic crucible is heated by the way of gradient-heated power, so that
Raw material fusing closes vacuum system when Cu starts fusing, and being filled with argon gas or other inert gases to vacuum degree is -0.08-
0.02MPa, while tundish is preheated, power is maintained at 7-45KW, and it waits until that molten metal wholeization is clear, stirs evenly,
It according to molten metal ingredient, is kept for 100-200 DEG C of the degree of superheat, prepares atomization；
(3) powder by atomization
It is filled with argon gas to vacuum induction melting system, is guaranteed at slight positive pressure state, when detecting tundish temperature >=alloy melting point, is opened
The high pressure argon gas stream in atomization system is opened, argon pressure 2-8MPa is atomized, molten metal in ceramic crucible is poured into tundish,
Metal liquid flows through high pressure argon gas jeting area by diversion pipe, and metal liquid atomization is broken into a large amount of tiny by high pressure argon gas stream
Drop, tiny drop are awing frozen into particle, wherein the size of chromium phase reaches 200nm-5um, selects powder by screening
Last granularity is the CuCr alloyed powder of -100 mesh as subsequent raw material；
(4) powder is mixed
Above-mentioned CuCr alloyed powder is mixed with routine Cr powder according to the ratio that weight ratio is 3:1-1:1, mixed powder is obtained, then will
Mixed powder is that 100:100 is mixed according to ratio of grinding media to material with steel ball, carries out mixed powder, wherein mixing time 3-10h；
(5) compacting sintering
Above-mentioned mixed-powder after mixing is suppressed using press moulding mode, wherein consistency > 95% is then carried out
Vacuum-sintering, vacuum degree are 5 × 10-2Pa grades hereinafter, and 950-1050 DEG C at a temperature of keep the temperature 3-5h.
(6) it is machined
It is machined according to drawing requirement.
2. a kind of preparation method for mutually optimizing copper chromium contact by adding Ultra-fine Grained chromium according to claim 1, feature
Be, the specific steps of gradient-heated power mode in the step (2) are as follows: S1: with the power of 35-45KW to ceramic crucible into
Row heating, keeps the temperature 10-15min；S2: heating power is risen into 55-65KW, keeps the temperature 7-8min；S3: heating power is risen to again
Heating power is reduced to 7-30KW, and keep when Cu starts fusing by 75-85KW, until molten metal wholeization is clear.
3. a kind of preparation method for mutually optimizing copper chromium contact by adding Ultra-fine Grained chromium according to claim 1, feature
It is, the purity of high pressure argon gas described in the step (2) is 99.99%, air velocity 230-750m/s.
4. a kind of preparation method for mutually optimizing copper chromium contact by adding Ultra-fine Grained chromium according to claim 1, feature
It is, in CuCr alloyed powder obtained in the step (3), Cr content accounting is 5-20%, after step (5) compacting sintering
To CuCr alloy in chromium content be 25-50%.
5. a kind of preparation method for mutually optimizing copper chromium contact by adding Ultra-fine Grained chromium according to claim 1, feature
It is, mixed powder described in the step (4) carries out in the ball mill, detailed process are as follows: mixing is added in mixed powder and steel ball
In machine, and ball-milling additive is added thereto, then with 10-30 revs/min of revolving speed mixing 3-10h, during ball milling, to
The bistrique or mill tail water spray of ball mill, are 60-80 DEG C by the temperature in cooling water control ball mill.
6. a kind of preparation method for mutually optimizing copper chromium contact by adding Ultra-fine Grained chromium according to claim 5, feature
It is, the ball-milling additive is polyethylene pyrrole network alkanone.
7. a kind of preparation method for mutually optimizing copper chromium contact by adding Ultra-fine Grained chromium according to claim 1, feature
It is, before suppressing in the step (5) the mixed-powder after ball mill mixing, it is molten that dehydrated alcohol first is added in mixed-powder
Liquid simultaneously mixes, and states be passed through alternation high-frequency impulse electric field in mixed liquor then up, makes friendship of mixed liquor under the conditions of 100-120 DEG C
Evenly dispersed 35-50min under the action of frequency impulse electric field is got higher, it then, will treated that mixed liquor is centrifuged, micropore filter
Film filtering, after dry.
8. a kind of preparation method for mutually optimizing copper chromium contact by adding Ultra-fine Grained chromium according to claim 7, feature
It is, the electric field strength of the alternation high-frequency impulse electric field is 45-70kV/cm, and pulse width is 20-35 μ s, and pulse frequency is
500-1000Hz。
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| CN111069615A (en) * | 2019-12-04 | 2020-04-28 | 中航迈特粉冶科技(徐州)有限公司 | Spherical high-chromium copper alloy powder for 3D printing and preparation method thereof |
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