CN112640689A - Air-permeable ceramic flowerpot and preparation process thereof - Google Patents
Air-permeable ceramic flowerpot and preparation process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112640689A CN112640689A CN202110008454.3A CN202110008454A CN112640689A CN 112640689 A CN112640689 A CN 112640689A CN 202110008454 A CN202110008454 A CN 202110008454A CN 112640689 A CN112640689 A CN 112640689A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/02—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/14—Glass frit mixtures having non-frit additions, e.g. opacifiers, colorants, mill-additions
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- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/52—Multiple coating or impregnating multiple coating or impregnating with the same composition or with compositions only differing in the concentration of the constituents, is classified as single coating or impregnation
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3427—Silicates other than clay, e.g. water glass
- C04B2235/3463—Alumino-silicates other than clay, e.g. mullite
- C04B2235/3472—Alkali metal alumino-silicates other than clay, e.g. spodumene, alkali feldspars such as albite or orthoclase, micas such as muscovite, zeolites such as natrolite
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- C04B2235/36—Glass starting materials for making ceramics, e.g. silica glass
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- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/44—Metal salt constituents or additives chosen for the nature of the anions, e.g. hydrides or acetylacetonate
- C04B2235/444—Halide containing anions, e.g. bromide, iodate, chlorite
- C04B2235/445—Fluoride containing anions, e.g. fluosilicate
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- C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
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- C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
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- C04B2235/6567—Treatment time
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- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
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- Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a breathable ceramic flowerpot and a preparation process thereof, the ceramic flowerpot comprises a breathable inner layer, a blank body and a glaze layer, wherein the blank body is formed by biscuit firing and then sintering the breathable inner layer and the glaze layer at one time, wherein: the breathable inner layer is a silica sol structure layer, and a plurality of breathable micropores are distributed in the silica sol structure layer and on the surface of the silica sol structure layer. According to the invention, the inner breathable layer is arranged on the inner wall of the blank body and is a silica sol structure layer, wherein the bottom layer of the silica sol is firmly bonded with oxides such as silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide and the like of the blank body in a melting reaction process, the temperature rise rate is controlled to ensure that carbon dioxide generated by calcium carbonate whisker reaction is accumulated and grown first and then released outwards to form breathable micropores, the pore diameter is small and impermeable, so that more breathable spaces can be obtained in the basin body, especially in the area adjacent to the silica sol structure layer, the external fresh air can be obtained, the breathability can be enhanced, and the root rot and suffocation phenomena of plants can be effectively reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ceramic products, and particularly relates to a breathable ceramic flowerpot and a preparation process thereof.
Background
At present, the flowerpot, a household utensils of kind flower usefulness, for the big end of mouth little round platform or chamfered edge platform shape, the flowerpot form of planting flowers is various, and is not of uniform size, flower producer or the personage of growing flower can choose for use the flowerpot according to the characteristic and the needs of flowers and the characteristics of flowerpot, it is different according to the preparation material, can divide into a great variety, wherein jardiniere is comparatively common, and present jardiniere gas permeability is relatively poor, most basin body is except the basin mouth, all is in encapsulated situation, it is difficult to circulate in soil to be gaseous, the plant gas permeability is not enough, can influence vegetation.
In addition, the existing ceramic flowerpot needs to be fired at 1180 ℃ or above, the firing temperature is high, the firing time is long, the energy loss is large, and further energy-saving space is provided. In addition, fluorite mineral can also produce a large amount of tailings in the mining process, also can produce a large amount of boron mud waste residues in the borax production process, and waste raw materials such as waste ceramic powder, fluorite tailings, boron mud and the like are not comprehensively utilized to prepare and process ceramic products which simultaneously meet good combination of blank glaze and thermal stability in the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a breathable ceramic flowerpot and a preparation process thereof, and the breathable ceramic flowerpot is improved in breathability.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
ventilative type jardiniere, including ventilative inlayer, body and glaze layer, the body biscuit burns earlier and once sinters with ventilative inlayer and glaze layer again and forms, wherein: the breathable inner layer is a silica sol structure layer, and a plurality of breathable micropores are distributed in the silica sol structure layer and on the surface of the silica sol structure layer.
Preferably, the silica sol structure layer consists of a silica sol bottom layer sintered with the green body, a silica sol middle layer combined with the silica sol bottom layer and a silica sol surface layer combined with the silica sol middle layer, and the inside of the silica sol bottom layer, the inside of the silica sol middle layer and the inside of the silica sol surface layer are distributed with air-permeable micropores.
Preferably, the silica sol bottom layer is composed of a bottom layer slurry and a zircon sand layer bonded on the bottom layer slurry, the silica sol middle layer is composed of a middle layer slurry and a first mullite sand layer bonded on the middle layer slurry, the silica sol surface layer is composed of a surface layer slurry and a second mullite sand layer bonded on the surface layer slurry, the first mullite sand layer and the second mullite sand layer are arranged between the middle layer slurry and the surface layer slurry, the zircon sand has a mesh number of 100-120 meshes, and the mullite sand has a mesh number of 15-30 meshes.
Preferably, the bottom layer slurry is prepared from silica sol, zircon powder, propylene glycol and fatty glyceride, the mass ratio of the silica sol to the zircon powder is 1: 3.2-3.4, and the viscosity of the bottom layer slurry is 30-35 seconds; the middle layer slurry is prepared from silica sol, mullite powder and calcium carbonate whiskers according to the mass ratio of 1: 3.8-4.0: 0.1-0.2, and the viscosity of the middle layer slurry is 15-20 seconds; the surface layer slurry is prepared from silica sol and mullite powder according to the mass ratio of 1: 1.8-2.0, and the viscosity of the surface layer slurry is 10-12 seconds.
Preferably, the blank body consists of the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of de-oxidized kaolin, 10-20 parts of potassium feldspar, 40-60 parts of nano waste porcelain powder, 15-20 parts of pyrophyllite, 5-10 parts of flux for blanks and 10-20 parts of low-temperature frit for blanks; the low-temperature frit for the billet is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of quartz, 10-15 parts of albite, 15-20 parts of borax, 10-20 parts of wollastonite and 10-15 parts of boric sludge; the flux for the blank is prepared from sodium fluoride and sodium silicofluoride according to the mass ratio of 3: 1.
Preferably, the preparation method of the low-temperature frit for the billet comprises the following steps: quartz, albite, borax, wollastonite and boric sludge are mixed and ground uniformly according to a ratio to prepare a mixture, the mixture is spread and loaded into a refractory sagger, and the mixture is melted at a high temperature of 1290-1310 ℃ to obtain molten slurry; the slurry is quenched with water, cooled and crushed into particles to produce a green body low temperature frit.
Preferably, the glaze layer consists of the following components in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of white mud, 10-20 parts of potassium feldspar, 10-20 parts of fluorite tailings, 5-10 parts of flux for glaze and 10-20 parts of low-temperature frit for glaze; the low-temperature frit for glaze is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 25-30 parts of quartz, 10-15 parts of albite, 10-20 parts of phyllite, 15-20 parts of borax and 5-10 parts of lithium carbonate; the glaze fluxing agent is prepared from sodium fluoride and sodium silicofluoride according to the mass ratio of 3: 1.
Preferably, the preparation method of the low-temperature frit for glaze comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing and grinding quartz, albite, phyllite, borax and lithium carbonate according to a ratio to prepare a mixture, spreading the mixture into a refractory sagger, and performing high-temperature melting at 1320-1350 ℃ to obtain molten slurry; and (3) quenching the slurry with water, cooling and crushing into granules to obtain the low-temperature frit for glaze.
The invention also provides a preparation process of the breathable ceramic flowerpot, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing raw materials: weighing the raw materials according to the parts by weight for later use;
s2, preparing a biscuit firing blank: mixing the blank raw materials, adding water, performing ball milling by using alumina balls as ball milling media, performing ball milling for 20-30 min, then sieving with a 500-mesh sieve to obtain blank pug, performing dehydration, vacuum pugging and aging processes, then performing blank benefiting and airing on the shaped rough blank, and performing biscuit firing at 820-850 ℃ to obtain a biscuit firing blank;
s3, preparing a silica sol bottom layer: adding the bottom layer slurry into the biscuit firing blank in the step S2, coating the bottom layer slurry on the inner wall of the biscuit firing blank, pouring out the redundant bottom layer slurry, uniformly scattering zircon sand on the bottom layer slurry coated on the biscuit firing blank, and drying to obtain a blank with a silica sol bottom layer;
s4, preparing a silica sol intermediate layer: adding the middle layer slurry into the blank in the step S3, coating the middle layer slurry on the silica sol bottom layer, pouring out the residual middle layer slurry, uniformly scattering two layers of mullite sand on the middle layer slurry coated on the silica sol bottom layer, and drying to obtain the blank with the silica sol middle layer;
s5, preparing a silica sol surface layer: firstly, soaking mullite sand into a sodium silicate aqueous solution, coating and hanging the mullite sand on the silica sol intermediate layer obtained in the step S4, then adding surface layer slurry, coating and hanging the surface layer slurry on the mullite sand, pouring out the rest surface and bottom layer slurry, and drying to obtain a blank with a silica sol structure layer;
s6, mixing the glaze layer raw materials, adding water, ball milling, vacuum stirring, removing bubbles to obtain glaze water, adjusting the water content to 50% -60%, glazing the blank obtained in the step S6, airing, and sintering in an oxidizing atmosphere at the highest sintering temperature of 1080-1120 ℃.
Preferably, the sintering temperature control of the sintering process is specifically as follows: raising the temperature to 600-620 ℃ at a constant speed at a heating rate of 2.0-2.2 ℃/min, then raising the temperature to 900-950 ℃ at a constant speed at a heating rate of 1.5-1.8 ℃/min, then slowly raising the temperature to 1000-1050 ℃ at a heating rate of 0.6-0.8 ℃/min and preserving the temperature for 30-45 min, and finally raising the temperature to the highest sintering temperature at a constant speed at a heating rate of 1.2-1.5 ℃/min and preserving the temperature for 45-60 min.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the inner wall of the blank body is provided with the breathable inner layer which is a silica sol structure layer, wherein the bottom layer of the silica sol is fused and reacted with oxides such as silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide and the like of the blank body in the sintering process to be firmly combined together, the middle layer of the silica sol and the surface layer of the silica sol react with the calcium carbonate whiskers and the silica sol at high temperature in the sintering heat preservation process at 1000-1050 ℃ to generate calcium silicate, the calcium silicate is used as a network framework, and meanwhile, the temperature rise rate which is increased to 1000-1050 ℃ is controlled to ensure that carbon dioxide generated by the reaction of the calcium carbonate whiskers firstly grows up and then is released outwards to form breathable micropores, the pore diameter is small and the pore diameter is watertight, so that more breathable spaces can be obtained in the basin body, particularly in the area adjacent to the silica sol structure layer, the external fresh air can.
The green body of the ceramic flowerpot utilizes the nano waste porcelain powder, the low-temperature frit for the green body containing boric sludge and the fluxing agent for the green body, wherein the blank uses low-temperature frits to form a magnesium-calcium-boron-sodium-aluminum-silicon multi-element composite flux, a blank fluxing agent consisting of sodium fluoride and sodium silicofluoride is added, the glaze layer uses fluorite tailings, low-temperature frits for glaze and the like, wherein the glaze uses low-temperature frits to form a lithium-boron-sodium-aluminum-silicon multi-element composite flux, and is added with a glaze fluxing agent consisting of sodium fluoride and sodium silicofluoride, therefore, the nano waste ceramic powder, the boron mud and the fluorite tailings can be mixed with other raw materials for firing, the firing temperature of the green body can be greatly reduced, the firing temperature is only 1080-1120 ℃, the prepared ceramic flowerpot blank glaze is well combined, secondary quenching at 180-20 ℃ is not cracked, the glaze surface is smooth and smooth, the wear resistance is good, and the bending strength of the green body reaches more than 50 MPa.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The embodiment provides a breathable ceramic flowerpot which comprises a breathable inner layer, a blank body and a glaze layer, wherein the blank body is formed by biscuit firing and then sintering the blank body, the breathable inner layer and the glaze layer at one time.
In the embodiment, the blank body comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of de-oxidized kaolin, 15 parts of potassium feldspar, 50 parts of nano waste porcelain powder, 15 parts of pyrophyllite, 8 parts of flux for blanks and 15 parts of low-temperature frit for blanks; the low-temperature frit for the billet is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of quartz, 15 parts of albite, 15 parts of borax, 12 parts of wollastonite and 12 parts of boric sludge, wherein the flux for the blank is prepared from sodium fluoride and sodium silicofluoride according to the mass ratio of 3: 1.
In this embodiment, the glaze layer is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of white mud, 12 parts of potassium feldspar, 15 parts of fluorite tailings, 8 parts of flux for glaze and 15 parts of low-temperature frit for glaze; the low-temperature frit for glaze is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of quartz, 12 parts of albite, 15 parts of phyllite, 15 parts of borax and 6 parts of lithium carbonate, wherein the glaze fluxing agent is prepared from sodium fluoride and sodium silicofluoride according to the mass ratio of 3: 1.
In this embodiment, the air-permeable inner layer is a silica sol structure layer, and is composed of a silica sol bottom layer sintered with a blank, a silica sol middle layer combined with the silica sol bottom layer, and a silica sol surface layer combined with the silica sol middle layer, wherein a plurality of air-permeable micropores are distributed inside and on the surface of the silica sol structure layer, that is, the air-permeable micropores are uniformly distributed inside the silica sol bottom layer, the silica sol middle layer, and the silica sol surface layer of the silica sol structure layer.
The silica sol bottom layer is composed of bottom layer slurry and a zircon sand layer combined on the bottom layer slurry, the silica sol middle layer is composed of middle layer slurry and a first mullite sand layer combined on the middle layer slurry, the silica sol surface layer is composed of surface layer slurry and a second mullite sand layer combined on the surface layer slurry, the first mullite sand layer and the second mullite sand are arranged between the middle layer slurry and the surface layer slurry, the mesh number of the zircon sand is 100 meshes, and the mesh number of the mullite sand is 15 meshes.
The bottom layer slurry is prepared from silica sol, zircon powder, propylene glycol and fatty glyceride, the mass ratio of the silica sol to the zircon powder is 1: 3.2, and the viscosity of the bottom layer slurry is 32 seconds; the middle layer slurry is prepared from silica sol, mullite powder and calcium carbonate whiskers according to the mass ratio of 1: 3.8: 0.15, and the viscosity of the middle layer slurry is 18 seconds; the surface layer slurry is prepared from silica sol and mullite powder according to the mass ratio of 1: 1.8, and the viscosity of the surface layer slurry is 12 seconds. The mesh number of the silica sol in the bottom layer slurry, the middle layer slurry and the surface layer slurry is 1000 meshes, and the mesh number of the mullite powder is 200 meshes.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a breathable ceramic flowerpot which comprises a breathable inner layer, a blank body and a glaze layer, wherein the blank body is formed by biscuit firing and then sintering the blank body, the breathable inner layer and the glaze layer at one time.
In the embodiment, the blank body comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of de-oxidized kaolin, 18 parts of potassium feldspar, 40 parts of nano waste porcelain powder, 20 parts of pyrophyllite, 5 parts of flux for blanks and 10 parts of low-temperature frit for blanks; the low-temperature frit for the billet is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of quartz, 12 parts of albite, 18 parts of borax, 20 parts of wollastonite and 10 parts of boric sludge, wherein the blank fluxing agent is prepared from sodium fluoride and sodium silicofluoride according to the mass ratio of 3: 1.
In this embodiment, the glaze layer is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 40 parts of white mud, 18 parts of potassium feldspar, 10 parts of fluorite tailings, 5 parts of flux for glaze and 10 parts of low-temperature frit for glaze; the low-temperature frit for glaze is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of quartz, 10 parts of albite, 20 parts of phyllite, 18 parts of borax and 5 parts of lithium carbonate, wherein the glaze fluxing agent is prepared from sodium fluoride and sodium silicofluoride according to the mass ratio of 3: 1.
In this embodiment, the air-permeable inner layer is a silica sol structure layer, and is composed of a silica sol bottom layer sintered with a blank, a silica sol middle layer combined with the silica sol bottom layer, and a silica sol surface layer combined with the silica sol middle layer, wherein a plurality of air-permeable micropores are distributed inside and on the surface of the silica sol structure layer, that is, the air-permeable micropores are uniformly distributed inside the silica sol bottom layer, the silica sol middle layer, and the silica sol surface layer of the silica sol structure layer.
The silica sol bottom layer is composed of bottom layer slurry and a zircon sand layer combined on the bottom layer slurry, the silica sol middle layer is composed of middle layer slurry and a first mullite sand layer combined on the middle layer slurry, the silica sol surface layer is composed of surface layer slurry and a second mullite sand layer combined on the surface layer slurry, the first mullite sand layer and the second mullite sand are arranged between the middle layer slurry and the surface layer slurry, the mesh number of the zircon sand is 120 meshes, and the mesh number of the mullite sand is 30 meshes.
The bottom layer slurry is prepared from silica sol, zircon powder, propylene glycol and fatty glyceride, the mass ratio of the silica sol to the zircon powder is 1: 3.4, and the viscosity of the bottom layer slurry is 30 seconds; the middle layer slurry is prepared from silica sol, mullite powder and calcium carbonate whiskers according to the mass ratio of 1: 4.0: 0.1, and the viscosity of the middle layer slurry is 20 seconds; the surface layer slurry is prepared from silica sol and mullite powder according to the mass ratio of 1: 1.8, and the viscosity of the surface layer slurry is 10 seconds. The mesh number of the silica sol in the bottom layer slurry, the middle layer slurry and the surface layer slurry is 1000 meshes, and the mesh number of the mullite powder is 200 meshes.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a breathable ceramic flowerpot which comprises a breathable inner layer, a blank body and a glaze layer, wherein the blank body is formed by biscuit firing and then sintering the blank body, the breathable inner layer and the glaze layer at one time.
In the embodiment, the blank body comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of de-oxidized kaolin, 10 parts of potassium feldspar, 60 parts of nano waste porcelain powder, 20 parts of pyrophyllite, 10 parts of flux for blanks and 20 parts of low-temperature frit for blanks; the low-temperature frit for the billet is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of quartz, 14 parts of albite, 15 parts of borax, 18 parts of wollastonite and 15 parts of boric sludge, wherein the blank fluxing agent is prepared from sodium fluoride and sodium silicofluoride according to the mass ratio of 3: 1.
In this embodiment, the glaze layer is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 60 parts of white mud, 20 parts of potassium feldspar, 15 parts of fluorite tailings, 10 parts of flux for glaze and 20 parts of low-temperature frit for glaze; the low-temperature frit for glaze is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of quartz, 10 parts of albite, 10 parts of phyllite, 20 parts of borax and 10 parts of lithium carbonate, wherein the glaze fluxing agent is prepared from sodium fluoride and sodium silicofluoride according to the mass ratio of 3: 1.
In this embodiment, the air-permeable inner layer is a silica sol structure layer, and is composed of a silica sol bottom layer sintered with a blank, a silica sol middle layer combined with the silica sol bottom layer, and a silica sol surface layer combined with the silica sol middle layer, wherein a plurality of air-permeable micropores are distributed inside and on the surface of the silica sol structure layer, that is, the air-permeable micropores are uniformly distributed inside the silica sol bottom layer, the silica sol middle layer, and the silica sol surface layer of the silica sol structure layer.
The silica sol bottom layer is composed of bottom layer slurry and a zircon sand layer combined on the bottom layer slurry, the silica sol middle layer is composed of middle layer slurry and a first mullite sand layer combined on the middle layer slurry, the silica sol surface layer is composed of surface layer slurry and a second mullite sand layer combined on the surface layer slurry, the first mullite sand layer and the second mullite sand are arranged between the middle layer slurry and the surface layer slurry, the mesh number of the zircon sand is 100 meshes, and the mesh number of the mullite sand is 20 meshes.
The bottom layer slurry is prepared from silica sol, zircon powder, propylene glycol and fatty glyceride, the mass ratio of the silica sol to the zircon powder is 1: 3.2, and the viscosity of the bottom layer slurry is 35 seconds; the middle layer slurry is prepared from silica sol, mullite powder and calcium carbonate whiskers according to the mass ratio of 1: 3.8: 0.2, and the viscosity of the middle layer slurry is 15 seconds; the surface layer slurry is prepared from silica sol and mullite powder according to the mass ratio of 1: 2.0, and the viscosity of the surface layer slurry is 10 seconds. The mesh number of the silica sol in the bottom layer slurry, the middle layer slurry and the surface layer slurry is 1000 meshes, and the mesh number of the mullite powder is 200 meshes.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a breathable ceramic flowerpot which comprises a breathable inner layer, a blank body and a glaze layer, wherein the blank body is formed by biscuit firing and then sintering the blank body, the breathable inner layer and the glaze layer at one time.
In the embodiment, the blank body comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of de-oxidized kaolin, 20 parts of potassium feldspar, 55 parts of nano waste porcelain powder, 16 parts of pyrophyllite, 8 parts of flux for blanks and 16 parts of low-temperature frit for blanks; the low-temperature frit for the billet is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of quartz, 10 parts of albite, 20 parts of borax, 10 parts of wollastonite and 12 parts of boric sludge, wherein the blank fluxing agent is prepared from sodium fluoride and sodium silicofluoride according to the mass ratio of 3: 1.
In this embodiment, the glaze layer is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 55 parts of white mud, 10 parts of potassium feldspar, 20 parts of fluorite tailings, 8 parts of flux for glaze and 15 parts of low-temperature frit for glaze; the low-temperature frit for glaze is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 28 parts of quartz, 15 parts of albite, 16 parts of phyllite, 18 parts of borax and 6 parts of lithium carbonate, wherein the glaze fluxing agent is prepared from sodium fluoride and sodium silicofluoride according to the mass ratio of 3: 1.
In this embodiment, the air-permeable inner layer is a silica sol structure layer, and is composed of a silica sol bottom layer sintered with a blank, a silica sol middle layer combined with the silica sol bottom layer, and a silica sol surface layer combined with the silica sol middle layer, wherein a plurality of air-permeable micropores are distributed inside and on the surface of the silica sol structure layer, that is, the air-permeable micropores are uniformly distributed inside the silica sol bottom layer, the silica sol middle layer, and the silica sol surface layer of the silica sol structure layer.
The silica sol bottom layer is composed of bottom layer slurry and a zircon sand layer combined on the bottom layer slurry, the silica sol middle layer is composed of middle layer slurry and a first mullite sand layer combined on the middle layer slurry, the silica sol surface layer is composed of surface layer slurry and a second mullite sand layer combined on the surface layer slurry, the first mullite sand layer and the second mullite sand are arranged between the middle layer slurry and the surface layer slurry, the mesh number of the zircon sand is 120 meshes, and the mesh number of the mullite sand is 15 meshes.
The bottom layer slurry is prepared from silica sol, zircon powder, propylene glycol and fatty glyceride, the mass ratio of the silica sol to the zircon powder is 1: 3.3, and the viscosity of the bottom layer slurry is 32 seconds; the middle layer slurry is prepared from silica sol, mullite powder and calcium carbonate whiskers according to the mass ratio of 1: 4.0: 0.15, and the viscosity of the middle layer slurry is 18 seconds; the surface layer slurry is prepared from silica sol and mullite powder according to the mass ratio of 1: 1.8, and the viscosity of the surface layer slurry is 10 seconds. The mesh number of the silica sol in the bottom layer slurry, the middle layer slurry and the surface layer slurry is 1000 meshes, and the mesh number of the mullite powder is 200 meshes.
The air-permeable jardiniere of each of the above embodiments 1-4 is prepared by the following preparation process, which specifically comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing raw materials: weighing the raw materials according to the parts by weight for later use;
s2, preparing a biscuit firing blank: mixing the blank raw materials, adding water, performing ball milling by using alumina balls as ball milling media, performing ball milling for 20-30 min, then sieving with a 500-mesh sieve to obtain blank pug, performing dehydration, vacuum pugging and aging processes, then performing blank benefiting and airing on the shaped rough blank, and performing biscuit firing at 820-850 ℃ to obtain a biscuit firing blank;
s3, preparing a silica sol bottom layer: adding the bottom layer slurry into the biscuit firing blank in the step S2, coating the bottom layer slurry on the inner wall of the biscuit firing blank, pouring out the redundant bottom layer slurry, uniformly scattering zircon sand on the bottom layer slurry coated on the biscuit firing blank, and drying to obtain a blank with a silica sol bottom layer;
s4, preparing a silica sol intermediate layer: adding the middle layer slurry into the blank in the step S3, coating the middle layer slurry on the silica sol bottom layer, pouring out the residual middle layer slurry, uniformly scattering two layers of mullite sand on the middle layer slurry coated on the silica sol bottom layer, and drying to obtain the blank with the silica sol middle layer;
s5, preparing a silica sol surface layer: firstly, soaking mullite sand into a sodium silicate aqueous solution, coating and hanging the mullite sand on the silica sol intermediate layer obtained in the step S4, then adding surface layer slurry, coating and hanging the surface layer slurry on the mullite sand, pouring out the rest surface and bottom layer slurry, and drying to obtain a blank with a silica sol structure layer;
s6, mixing glaze layer raw materials, adding water, ball milling, vacuum stirring and defoaming to obtain glaze water, adjusting the water content to 50% -60%, glazing the blank obtained in the step S6, air-drying, sintering in an oxidizing atmosphere at the highest sintering temperature of 1080-1120 ℃, and controlling the sintering temperature in the sintering process specifically as follows: raising the temperature to 600-620 ℃ at a constant speed at a heating rate of 2.0-2.2 ℃/min, then raising the temperature to 900-950 ℃ at a constant speed at a heating rate of 1.5-1.8 ℃/min, then slowly raising the temperature to 1000-1050 ℃ at a heating rate of 0.6-0.8 ℃/min and preserving the temperature for 30-45 min, and finally raising the temperature to the highest sintering temperature at a constant speed at a heating rate of 1.2-1.5 ℃/min and preserving the temperature for 45-60 min.
The preparation method of the low-temperature frit for preforms of the above examples 1 to 4 was: quartz, albite, borax, wollastonite and boric sludge are mixed and ground uniformly according to a ratio to prepare a mixture, the mixture is spread and loaded into a refractory sagger, and the mixture is melted at a high temperature of 1290-1310 ℃ to obtain molten slurry; the slurry is quenched with water, cooled and crushed into particles to produce a green body low temperature frit.
The preparation method of the low-temperature frit for glaze of the above embodiments 1 to 4 is: uniformly mixing and grinding quartz, albite, phyllite, borax and lithium carbonate according to a ratio to prepare a mixture, spreading the mixture into a refractory sagger, and performing high-temperature melting at 1320-1350 ℃ to obtain molten slurry; and (3) quenching the slurry with water, cooling and crushing into granules to obtain the low-temperature frit for glaze.
While there have been shown and described what are at present considered the fundamental principles and essential features of the invention and its advantages, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited by the embodiments described above, which are merely illustrative of the principles of the invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. Ventilative type jardiniere, its characterized in that: the jardiniere includes ventilative inlayer, body and glaze layer, and the body biscuit burns earlier and once sinters with ventilative inlayer and glaze layer again and forms, wherein: the breathable inner layer is a silica sol structure layer, and a plurality of breathable micropores are distributed in the silica sol structure layer and on the surface of the silica sol structure layer.
2. The air-permeable type flowerpot according to claim 1, wherein: the silica sol structure layer is composed of a silica sol bottom layer sintered with the green body, a silica sol middle layer combined with the silica sol bottom layer and a silica sol surface layer combined with the silica sol middle layer, and breathable micropores are uniformly distributed in the silica sol bottom layer, the silica sol middle layer and the silica sol surface layer.
3. The air-permeable type flowerpot according to claim 2, wherein: the silica sol bottom layer is composed of bottom layer slurry and a zircon sand layer combined on the bottom layer slurry, the silica sol middle layer is composed of middle layer slurry and a first mullite sand layer combined on the middle layer slurry, the silica sol surface layer is composed of surface layer slurry and a second mullite sand layer combined on the surface layer slurry, the first mullite sand layer and the second mullite sand layer are arranged between the middle layer slurry and the surface layer slurry, the number of the zircon sand is 100-120 meshes, and the number of the mullite sand is 15-30 meshes.
4. The air-permeable type flowerpot according to claim 3, wherein: the bottom layer slurry is prepared from silica sol, zircon powder, propylene glycol and fatty glyceride, the mass ratio of the silica sol to the zircon powder is 1: 3.2-3.4, and the viscosity of the bottom layer slurry is 30-35 seconds; the middle layer slurry is prepared from silica sol, mullite powder and calcium carbonate whiskers according to the mass ratio of 1: 3.8-4.0: 0.1-0.2, and the viscosity of the middle layer slurry is 15-20 seconds; the surface layer slurry is prepared from silica sol and mullite powder according to the mass ratio of 1: 1.8-2.0, and the viscosity of the surface layer slurry is 10-12 seconds.
5. The air-permeable type flowerpot according to claim 1, wherein: the blank body comprises the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of de-oxidized kaolin, 10-20 parts of potassium feldspar, 40-60 parts of nano waste porcelain powder, 15-20 parts of pyrophyllite, 5-10 parts of flux for blanks and 10-20 parts of low-temperature frit for blanks; the low-temperature frit for the billet is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of quartz, 10-15 parts of albite, 15-20 parts of borax, 10-20 parts of wollastonite and 10-15 parts of boric sludge; the flux for the blank is prepared from sodium fluoride and sodium silicofluoride according to the mass ratio of 3: 1.
6. The air-permeable type flowerpot according to claim 5, wherein: the preparation method of the low-temperature frit for the billet comprises the following steps: quartz, albite, borax, wollastonite and boric sludge are mixed and ground uniformly according to a ratio to prepare a mixture, the mixture is spread and loaded into a refractory sagger, and the mixture is melted at a high temperature of 1290-1310 ℃ to obtain molten slurry; the slurry is quenched with water, cooled and crushed into particles to produce a green body low temperature frit.
7. The air-permeable type flowerpot according to claim 1, wherein: the glaze layer consists of the following components in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of white mud, 10-20 parts of potassium feldspar, 10-20 parts of fluorite tailings, 5-10 parts of flux for glaze and 10-20 parts of low-temperature frit for glaze; the low-temperature frit for glaze is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 25-30 parts of quartz, 10-15 parts of albite, 10-20 parts of phyllite, 15-20 parts of borax and 5-10 parts of lithium carbonate; the glaze fluxing agent is prepared from sodium fluoride and sodium silicofluoride according to the mass ratio of 3: 1.
8. The air-permeable type flowerpot according to claim 7, wherein: the preparation method of the low-temperature frit for glaze comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing and grinding quartz, albite, phyllite, borax and lithium carbonate according to a ratio to prepare a mixture, spreading the mixture into a refractory sagger, and performing high-temperature melting at 1320-1350 ℃ to obtain molten slurry; and (3) quenching the slurry with water, cooling and crushing into granules to obtain the low-temperature frit for glaze.
9. A process for preparing a gas-permeable ceramic flowerpot according to any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing raw materials: weighing the raw materials according to the parts by weight for later use;
s2, preparing a biscuit firing blank: mixing the blank raw materials, adding water, performing ball milling by using alumina balls as ball milling media, performing ball milling for 20-30 min, then sieving with a 500-mesh sieve to obtain blank pug, performing dehydration, vacuum pugging and aging processes, then performing blank benefiting and airing on the shaped rough blank, and performing biscuit firing at 820-850 ℃ to obtain a biscuit firing blank;
s3, preparing a silica sol bottom layer: adding the bottom layer slurry into the biscuit firing blank in the step S2, coating the bottom layer slurry on the inner wall of the biscuit firing blank, pouring out the redundant bottom layer slurry, uniformly scattering zircon sand on the bottom layer slurry coated on the biscuit firing blank, and drying to obtain a blank with a silica sol bottom layer;
s4, preparing a silica sol intermediate layer: adding the middle layer slurry into the blank in the step S3, coating the middle layer slurry on the silica sol bottom layer, pouring out the residual middle layer slurry, uniformly scattering two layers of mullite sand on the middle layer slurry coated on the silica sol bottom layer, and drying to obtain the blank with the silica sol middle layer;
s5, preparing a silica sol surface layer: firstly, soaking mullite sand into a sodium silicate aqueous solution, coating and hanging the mullite sand on the silica sol intermediate layer obtained in the step S4, then adding surface layer slurry, coating and hanging the surface layer slurry on the mullite sand, pouring out the rest surface and bottom layer slurry, and drying to obtain a blank with a silica sol structure layer;
s6, mixing the glaze layer raw materials, adding water, ball milling, vacuum stirring, removing bubbles to obtain glaze water, adjusting the water content to 50% -60%, glazing the blank obtained in the step S6, airing, and sintering in an oxidizing atmosphere at the highest sintering temperature of 1080-1120 ℃.
10. The process for preparing a breathable ceramic flowerpot according to claim 9, wherein: the sintering temperature control in the sintering process specifically comprises the following steps: raising the temperature to 600-620 ℃ at a constant speed at a heating rate of 2.0-2.2 ℃/min, then raising the temperature to 900-950 ℃ at a constant speed at a heating rate of 1.5-1.8 ℃/min, then slowly raising the temperature to 1000-1050 ℃ at a heating rate of 0.6-0.8 ℃/min and preserving the temperature for 30-45 min, and finally raising the temperature to the highest sintering temperature at a constant speed at a heating rate of 1.2-1.5 ℃/min and preserving the temperature for 45-60 min.
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