CN112640689B - Breathable ceramic flowerpot and preparation process thereof - Google Patents
Breathable ceramic flowerpot and preparation process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN112640689B CN112640689B CN202110008454.3A CN202110008454A CN112640689B CN 112640689 B CN112640689 B CN 112640689B CN 202110008454 A CN202110008454 A CN 202110008454A CN 112640689 B CN112640689 B CN 112640689B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/02—Frit compositions, i.e. in a powdered or comminuted form
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C8/00—Enamels; Glazes; Fusion seal compositions being frit compositions having non-frit additions
- C03C8/14—Glass frit mixtures having non-frit additions, e.g. opacifiers, colorants, mill-additions
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- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
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- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
- C04B33/132—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
- C04B33/1324—Recycled material, e.g. tile dust, stone waste, spent refractory material
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/52—Multiple coating or impregnating multiple coating or impregnating with the same composition or with compositions only differing in the concentration of the constituents, is classified as single coating or impregnation
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- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
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- C04B41/89—Coating or impregnation for obtaining at least two superposed coatings having different compositions
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/34—Non-metal oxides, non-metal mixed oxides, or salts thereof that form the non-metal oxides upon heating, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3427—Silicates other than clay, e.g. water glass
- C04B2235/3463—Alumino-silicates other than clay, e.g. mullite
- C04B2235/3472—Alkali metal alumino-silicates other than clay, e.g. spodumene, alkali feldspars such as albite or orthoclase, micas such as muscovite, zeolites such as natrolite
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- C04B2235/36—Glass starting materials for making ceramics, e.g. silica glass
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- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/44—Metal salt constituents or additives chosen for the nature of the anions, e.g. hydrides or acetylacetonate
- C04B2235/444—Halide containing anions, e.g. bromide, iodate, chlorite
- C04B2235/445—Fluoride containing anions, e.g. fluosilicate
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- C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
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- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
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- C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
- C04B2235/6567—Treatment time
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to a breathable ceramic flower pot and a preparation process thereof, wherein the ceramic flower pot comprises a breathable inner layer, a green body and a glaze layer, the green body is sintered with the breathable inner layer and the glaze layer at one time, and the breathable ceramic flower pot is formed by: the breathable inner layer is a silica sol structural layer, and a plurality of breathable micropores are distributed in the silica sol structural layer and on the surface of the silica sol structural layer. The inner wall of the green body is provided with the ventilation inner layer, the ventilation inner layer is the silica sol structure layer, the silica sol bottom layer is firmly combined with oxides such as silica, aluminum oxide and the like of the green body in the sintering process, the heating rate is controlled to ensure that carbon dioxide generated by calcium carbonate whisker reaction is accumulated and grown first and then is released outwards to form ventilation micropores, the aperture is small, water is not allowed to pass through, more ventilation space can be obtained in the basin body, particularly in the area adjacent to the silica sol structure layer, the acquisition of external fresh air is facilitated, the ventilation performance is enhanced, and the phenomena of root rot and choking of plants are effectively reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of ceramic products, and particularly relates to a breathable ceramic flowerpot and a preparation process thereof.
Background
At present, a flowerpot, a household utensils of planting flowers usefulness, for mouthful big bottom small inverted round platform or chamfer platform shape, the flowerpot form of planting flowers is various, the size is different, flowers producer or the personage of growing flowers can select the flowerpot according to the characteristic and the needs of flowers and the characteristics of flowerpot, according to the preparation material difference, can divide into many kinds, wherein the ceramic flower pot is comparatively common, and present ceramic flower pot gas permeability is relatively poor, most basin body except that the basin mouth, all is in sealing state, gas is difficult to circulate in soil, the plant gas permeability is not enough, can influence vegetation.
In addition, the existing ceramic flower pot generally needs to be fired at a temperature above 1180 ℃, the firing temperature is high, the firing time is long, the energy loss is high, and further energy saving is still provided. In addition, fluorite minerals can also generate a large amount of tailings in the exploitation process, and a large amount of boron mud waste residues in the borax production process, so that the prior art does not comprehensively utilize waste raw materials such as waste porcelain powder, fluorite tailings, boron mud and the like to prepare and process ceramic products which simultaneously meet the requirements of good blank glaze combination and thermal stability.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a breathable ceramic flowerpot and a preparation process thereof, and the breathable performance is improved.
In order to achieve the aim of the invention, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the breathable ceramic flowerpot comprises a breathable inner layer, a blank body and a glaze layer, wherein the blank body is sintered with the breathable inner layer and the glaze layer at one time, and the breathable ceramic flowerpot is formed by: the breathable inner layer is a silica sol structural layer, and a plurality of breathable micropores are distributed in and on the surface of the silica sol structural layer.
Preferably, the silica sol structure layer is composed of a silica sol bottom layer sintered with the blank, a silica sol middle layer combined with the silica sol bottom layer and a silica sol surface layer combined with the silica sol middle layer, and ventilation micropores are distributed in the silica sol bottom layer, the silica sol middle layer and the silica sol surface layer.
Preferably, the silica sol bottom layer is composed of bottom layer slurry and a zircon sand layer combined on the bottom layer slurry, the silica sol middle layer is composed of middle layer slurry and a first mullite sand layer combined on the middle layer slurry, the silica sol surface layer is composed of surface layer slurry and a second mullite sand layer combined on the surface layer slurry, the first and second mullite sand layers are arranged between the middle layer slurry and the surface layer slurry, the mesh number of the zircon sand is 100-120 meshes, and the mesh number of the mullite sand is 15-30 meshes.
Preferably, the bottom layer slurry is prepared from silica sol, zircon powder, propylene glycol and fatty acid glyceride, wherein the mass ratio of the silica sol to the zircon powder is 1:3.2-3.4, and the viscosity of the bottom layer slurry is 30-35 seconds; the intermediate layer slurry is prepared from silica sol, mullite powder and calcium carbonate whisker according to the mass ratio of 1:3.8-4.0:0.1-0.2, and the viscosity of the intermediate layer slurry is 15-20 seconds; the surface layer slurry is prepared from silica sol and mullite powder according to the mass ratio of 1:1.8-2.0, and the viscosity of the surface layer slurry is 10-12 seconds.
Preferably, the blank consists of the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of germanite, 10-20 parts of potassium feldspar, 40-60 parts of nano waste porcelain powder, 15-20 parts of pyrophyllite, 5-10 parts of fluxing agent for blanks and 10-20 parts of low-temperature frit for blanks; the low-temperature frit for the blank is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of quartz, 10-15 parts of albite, 15-20 parts of borax, 10-20 parts of wollastonite and 10-15 parts of boric sludge; the fluxing agent for the blank is prepared from sodium fluoride and sodium silicofluoride according to a mass ratio of 3:1.
Preferably, the preparation method of the low-temperature frit for the blank comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing and grinding quartz, albite, borax, wollastonite and boric sludge according to a proportion to prepare a mixture, scattering the mixture into a fireproof sagger, and melting at a high temperature of 1290-1310 ℃ to obtain molten slurry; and (3) quenching the slurry with water, cooling, crushing into particles, and obtaining the low-temperature frit for the blank.
Preferably, the glaze layer consists of the following components in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of white mud, 10-20 parts of potassium feldspar, 10-20 parts of fluorite tailings, 5-10 parts of glaze fluxing agent and 10-20 parts of low-temperature frit for glaze; the low-temperature frit for glaze is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 25-30 parts of quartz, 10-15 parts of albite, 10-20 parts of phyllosilicate, 15-20 parts of borax and 5-10 parts of lithium carbonate; the glaze fluxing agent is prepared from sodium fluoride and sodium silicofluoride according to a mass ratio of 3:1.
Preferably, the preparation method of the low-temperature frit for glaze comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing and grinding quartz, albite, leaf feldspar, borax and lithium carbonate according to a proportion to prepare a mixture, scattering the mixture into a fire-resistant sagger, and melting the mixture at a high temperature of 1320-1350 ℃ to obtain molten slurry; and (3) quenching the slurry with water, cooling, and crushing into particles to obtain the low-temperature frit for glaze.
The invention also provides a preparation process of the breathable ceramic flowerpot, which comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing raw materials: weighing the raw materials according to parts by weight for standby;
s2, manufacturing a biscuit firing blank: mixing the raw materials of the green body, adding water, performing ball milling by taking alumina balls as a ball milling medium, performing ball milling for 20-30 min, sieving with a 500-mesh sieve to obtain a green body pug, performing dehydration, vacuum pugging and ageing procedures, and performing blank benefiting and airing on the shaped rough blank to obtain a biscuit firing green body at 820-850 ℃;
s3, preparing a silica sol bottom layer: adding bottom layer slurry into the biscuit firing blank body in the step S2, coating the bottom layer slurry on the inner wall of the biscuit firing blank body, pouring out excessive bottom layer slurry, uniformly spreading zircon sand on the bottom layer slurry coated on the biscuit firing blank body, and drying to obtain a blank body with a silica sol bottom layer;
s4, manufacturing a silica sol intermediate layer: adding an intermediate layer slurry into the blank body in the step S3, coating the intermediate layer slurry on a silica sol bottom layer, pouring out excessive intermediate layer slurry, uniformly spreading two layers of mullite sand on the intermediate layer slurry coated on the silica sol bottom layer, and drying to obtain a blank body with the silica sol intermediate layer;
s5, preparing a silica sol surface layer: immersing the mullite sand into a sodium silicate aqueous solution, coating the sodium silicate aqueous solution on the silica sol intermediate layer in the step S4, adding surface layer slurry, coating the surface layer slurry on the mullite sand, pouring out excessive surface layer slurry, and drying to obtain a blank with a silica sol structural layer;
s6, mixing the glaze raw materials, adding water for ball milling, stirring in vacuum, removing bubbles to obtain glaze water with the water content of 50% -60%, glazing the blank obtained in the step S6, and sintering in an oxidizing atmosphere once after airing, wherein the highest sintering temperature is 1080-1120 ℃.
Preferably, the firing temperature control of the sintering process is specifically: heating to 600-620 ℃ at a constant speed at a heating rate of 2.0-2.2 ℃/min, heating to 900-950 ℃ at a constant speed at a heating rate of 1.5-1.8 ℃/min, slowly heating to 1000-1050 ℃ at a heating rate of 0.6-0.8 ℃/min, preserving heat for 30-45 min, and heating to the highest sintering temperature at a constant speed of 1.2-1.5 ℃/min and preserving heat for 45-60 min.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the inner wall of the green body is provided with the ventilation inner layer which is a silica sol structure layer, wherein the silica sol bottom layer is firmly combined together by fusion reaction with oxides such as silica, aluminum oxide and the like of the green body in the sintering process, the silica sol middle layer and the silica sol surface layer are subjected to high-temperature reaction with the silica sol to generate calcium silicate in the heat preservation process of 1000-1050 ℃ of sintering, and the calcium silicate is used as a network framework, meanwhile, the heating rate of the calcium silicate is controlled to be raised to 1000-1050 ℃ to ensure that carbon dioxide generated by the reaction of the calcium carbonate whisker is accumulated and grown first and then is released outwards to form ventilation micropores, the pore diameter is small, and the ventilation space is more available in the interior of the basin body, especially in the area adjacent to the silica sol structure layer, so that the outside fresh air is facilitated to be obtained, the ventilation performance is enhanced, and the phenomena of plant root rot and asphyxia are effectively reduced.
The green body of the ceramic pot utilizes nanometer waste porcelain powder, low-temperature frit for the green body containing boron mud and fluxing agent for the green body, wherein the low-temperature frit for the green body forms magnesium-calcium-boron-sodium-aluminum-silicon multi-component flux, the fluxing agent for the green body formed by sodium fluoride and sodium silicofluoride is additionally added, the glaze layer utilizes fluorite tailings, the low-temperature frit for the glaze and the like, the low-temperature frit for the glaze forms lithium-boron-sodium-aluminum-silicon multi-component flux, and the fluxing agent for the glaze formed by sodium fluoride and sodium silicofluoride is additionally added, so that the nanometer waste porcelain powder, the boron mud and the fluorite tailings can be mixed with other raw materials for firing, the firing temperature of the green body can be greatly reduced, the glaze of the green body is only 1080-1120 ℃, the prepared ceramic pot has good glaze combination, the secondary quenching at 180-20 ℃ is not cracked, the glaze surface is smooth and has good wear resistance, and the bending strength of the green body reaches more than 50 MPa.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The embodiment provides a breathable ceramic flowerpot, which comprises a breathable inner layer, a green body and a glaze layer, wherein the green body is sintered with the breathable inner layer and the glaze layer at one time.
In this embodiment, the blank body is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of de-kaolin, 15 parts of potassium feldspar, 50 parts of nano waste porcelain powder, 15 parts of pyrophyllite, 8 parts of fluxing agent for blanks and 15 parts of low-temperature frit for blanks; the low-temperature frit for the blank is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of quartz, 15 parts of albite, 15 parts of borax, 12 parts of wollastonite and 12 parts of boric sludge, wherein the blank fluxing agent is prepared from sodium fluoride and sodium silicofluoride according to a mass ratio of 3:1.
In this embodiment, the glaze layer is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 50 parts of white mud, 12 parts of potassium feldspar, 15 parts of fluorite tailings, 8 parts of glaze fluxing agent and 15 parts of glaze low-temperature frit; the low-temperature frit for glaze is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of quartz, 12 parts of albite, 15 parts of phyllosilicate, 15 parts of borax and 6 parts of lithium carbonate, wherein the glaze fluxing agent is prepared from sodium fluoride and sodium silicofluoride according to a mass ratio of 3:1.
In this embodiment, the breathable inner layer is a silica sol structure layer, and is composed of a silica sol bottom layer sintered with a blank, a silica sol middle layer combined with the silica sol bottom layer, and a silica sol surface layer combined with the silica sol middle layer, wherein a plurality of breathable micropores are distributed in and on the silica sol structure layer, i.e., breathable micropores are distributed in the silica sol bottom layer, the silica sol middle layer, and the silica sol surface layer of the silica sol structure layer.
The silica sol bottom layer is composed of bottom layer slurry and a zircon sand layer combined on the bottom layer slurry, the silica sol middle layer is composed of middle layer slurry and a first mullite sand layer combined on the middle layer slurry, the silica sol surface layer is composed of surface layer slurry and a second mullite sand layer combined on the surface layer slurry, the first and second mullite sand layers are arranged between the middle layer slurry and the surface layer slurry, the mesh number of the zircon sand is 100 meshes, and the mesh number of the mullite sand is 15 meshes.
The bottom layer slurry is prepared from silica sol, zircon powder, propylene glycol and fatty acid glyceride, wherein the mass ratio of the silica sol to the zircon powder is 1:3.2, and the viscosity of the bottom layer slurry is 32 seconds; the intermediate layer slurry is prepared from silica sol, mullite powder and calcium carbonate whisker according to the mass ratio of 1:3.8:0.15, and the viscosity of the intermediate layer slurry is 18 seconds; the surface layer slurry is prepared from silica sol and mullite powder according to the mass ratio of 1:1.8, and the viscosity of the surface layer slurry is 12 seconds. The silica sol mesh numbers in the bottom layer slurry, the middle layer slurry and the surface layer slurry are all 1000 meshes, and the mesh numbers of the mullite powder are all 200 meshes.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a breathable ceramic flowerpot, which comprises a breathable inner layer, a green body and a glaze layer, wherein the green body is sintered with the breathable inner layer and the glaze layer at one time.
In this embodiment, the blank body is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of de-metakaolin, 18 parts of potassium feldspar, 40 parts of nano waste porcelain powder, 20 parts of pyrophyllite, 5 parts of fluxing agent for the blank and 10 parts of low-temperature frit for the blank; the low-temperature frit for the blank is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of quartz, 12 parts of albite, 18 parts of borax, 20 parts of wollastonite and 10 parts of boric sludge, wherein the blank fluxing agent is prepared from sodium fluoride and sodium silicofluoride according to a mass ratio of 3:1.
In this embodiment, the glaze layer is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 40 parts of white mud, 18 parts of potassium feldspar, 10 parts of fluorite tailings, 5 parts of glaze fluxing agent and 10 parts of glaze low-temperature frit; the low-temperature frit for glaze is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of quartz, 10 parts of albite, 20 parts of phyllosilicate, 18 parts of borax and 5 parts of lithium carbonate, wherein the fluxing agent for glaze is prepared from sodium fluoride and sodium silicofluoride according to a mass ratio of 3:1.
In this embodiment, the breathable inner layer is a silica sol structure layer, and is composed of a silica sol bottom layer sintered with a blank, a silica sol middle layer combined with the silica sol bottom layer, and a silica sol surface layer combined with the silica sol middle layer, wherein a plurality of breathable micropores are distributed in and on the silica sol structure layer, i.e., breathable micropores are distributed in the silica sol bottom layer, the silica sol middle layer, and the silica sol surface layer of the silica sol structure layer.
The silica sol bottom layer is composed of bottom layer slurry and a zircon sand layer combined on the bottom layer slurry, the silica sol middle layer is composed of middle layer slurry and a first mullite sand layer combined on the middle layer slurry, the silica sol surface layer is composed of surface layer slurry and a second mullite sand layer combined on the surface layer slurry, the first and second mullite sand layers are arranged between the middle layer slurry and the surface layer slurry, the mesh number of the zircon sand is 120 meshes, and the mesh number of the mullite sand is 30 meshes.
The bottom layer slurry is prepared from silica sol, zircon powder, propylene glycol and fatty acid glyceride, wherein the mass ratio of the silica sol to the zircon powder is 1:3.4, and the viscosity of the bottom layer slurry is 30 seconds; the intermediate layer slurry is prepared from silica sol, mullite powder and calcium carbonate whisker according to the mass ratio of 1:4.0:0.1, and the viscosity of the intermediate layer slurry is 20 seconds; the surface layer slurry is prepared from silica sol and mullite powder according to the mass ratio of 1:1.8, and the viscosity of the surface layer slurry is 10 seconds. The silica sol mesh numbers in the bottom layer slurry, the middle layer slurry and the surface layer slurry are all 1000 meshes, and the mesh numbers of the mullite powder are all 200 meshes.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a breathable ceramic flowerpot, which comprises a breathable inner layer, a green body and a glaze layer, wherein the green body is sintered with the breathable inner layer and the glaze layer at one time.
In this embodiment, the blank body is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 20 parts of de-kaolin, 10 parts of potassium feldspar, 60 parts of nano waste porcelain powder, 20 parts of pyrophyllite, 10 parts of fluxing agent for blanks and 20 parts of low-temperature frit for blanks; the low-temperature frit for the blank is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of quartz, 14 parts of albite, 15 parts of borax, 18 parts of wollastonite and 15 parts of boric sludge, wherein the blank fluxing agent is prepared from sodium fluoride and sodium silicofluoride according to a mass ratio of 3:1.
In this embodiment, the glaze layer is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 60 parts of white mud, 20 parts of potassium feldspar, 15 parts of fluorite tailings, 10 parts of glaze fluxing agent and 20 parts of low-temperature frit for glaze; the low-temperature frit for glaze is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 30 parts of quartz, 10 parts of albite, 10 parts of phyllosilicate, 20 parts of borax and 10 parts of lithium carbonate, wherein the glaze fluxing agent is prepared from sodium fluoride and sodium silicofluoride according to a mass ratio of 3:1.
In this embodiment, the breathable inner layer is a silica sol structure layer, and is composed of a silica sol bottom layer sintered with a blank, a silica sol middle layer combined with the silica sol bottom layer, and a silica sol surface layer combined with the silica sol middle layer, wherein a plurality of breathable micropores are distributed in and on the silica sol structure layer, i.e., breathable micropores are distributed in the silica sol bottom layer, the silica sol middle layer, and the silica sol surface layer of the silica sol structure layer.
The silica sol bottom layer is composed of bottom layer slurry and a zircon sand layer combined on the bottom layer slurry, the silica sol middle layer is composed of middle layer slurry and a first mullite sand layer combined on the middle layer slurry, the silica sol surface layer is composed of surface layer slurry and a second mullite sand layer combined on the surface layer slurry, the first and second mullite sand layers are arranged between the middle layer slurry and the surface layer slurry, the mesh number of the zircon sand is 100 meshes, and the mesh number of the mullite sand is 20 meshes.
The bottom layer slurry is prepared from silica sol, zircon powder, propylene glycol and fatty acid glyceride, wherein the mass ratio of the silica sol to the zircon powder is 1:3.2, and the viscosity of the bottom layer slurry is 35 seconds; the intermediate layer slurry is prepared from silica sol, mullite powder and calcium carbonate whisker according to the mass ratio of 1:3.8:0.2, and the viscosity of the intermediate layer slurry is 15 seconds; the surface layer slurry is prepared from silica sol and mullite powder according to the mass ratio of 1:2.0, and the viscosity of the surface layer slurry is 10 seconds. The silica sol mesh numbers in the bottom layer slurry, the middle layer slurry and the surface layer slurry are all 1000 meshes, and the mesh numbers of the mullite powder are all 200 meshes.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a breathable ceramic flowerpot, which comprises a breathable inner layer, a green body and a glaze layer, wherein the green body is sintered with the breathable inner layer and the glaze layer at one time.
In this embodiment, the blank body is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of de-kaolin, 20 parts of potassium feldspar, 55 parts of nano waste porcelain powder, 16 parts of pyrophyllite, 8 parts of fluxing agent for blanks and 16 parts of low-temperature frit for blanks; the low-temperature frit for the blank is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of quartz, 10 parts of albite, 20 parts of borax, 10 parts of wollastonite and 12 parts of boric sludge, wherein the blank fluxing agent is prepared from sodium fluoride and sodium silicofluoride according to a mass ratio of 3:1.
In this embodiment, the glaze layer is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 55 parts of white mud, 10 parts of potassium feldspar, 20 parts of fluorite tailings, 8 parts of glaze fluxing agent and 15 parts of low-temperature frit for glaze; the low-temperature frit for glaze is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 28 parts of quartz, 15 parts of albite, 16 parts of phyllosilicate, 18 parts of borax and 6 parts of lithium carbonate, wherein the glaze fluxing agent is prepared from sodium fluoride and sodium silicofluoride according to a mass ratio of 3:1.
In this embodiment, the breathable inner layer is a silica sol structure layer, and is composed of a silica sol bottom layer sintered with a blank, a silica sol middle layer combined with the silica sol bottom layer, and a silica sol surface layer combined with the silica sol middle layer, wherein a plurality of breathable micropores are distributed in and on the silica sol structure layer, i.e., breathable micropores are distributed in the silica sol bottom layer, the silica sol middle layer, and the silica sol surface layer of the silica sol structure layer.
The silica sol bottom layer is composed of bottom layer slurry and a zircon sand layer combined on the bottom layer slurry, the silica sol middle layer is composed of middle layer slurry and a first mullite sand layer combined on the middle layer slurry, the silica sol surface layer is composed of surface layer slurry and a second mullite sand layer combined on the surface layer slurry, the first and second mullite sand layers are arranged between the middle layer slurry and the surface layer slurry, the mesh number of the zircon sand is 120 meshes, and the mesh number of the mullite sand is 15 meshes.
The bottom layer slurry is prepared from silica sol, zircon powder, propylene glycol and fatty acid glyceride, wherein the mass ratio of the silica sol to the zircon powder is 1:3.3, and the viscosity of the bottom layer slurry is 32 seconds; the intermediate layer slurry is prepared from silica sol, mullite powder and calcium carbonate whisker according to the mass ratio of 1:4.0:0.15, and the viscosity of the intermediate layer slurry is 18 seconds; the surface layer slurry is prepared from silica sol and mullite powder according to the mass ratio of 1:1.8, and the viscosity of the surface layer slurry is 10 seconds. The silica sol mesh numbers in the bottom layer slurry, the middle layer slurry and the surface layer slurry are all 1000 meshes, and the mesh numbers of the mullite powder are all 200 meshes.
The breathable ceramic flowerpots of the above embodiments 1-4 are all manufactured by the following manufacturing process, and specifically include the following steps:
s1, preparing raw materials: weighing the raw materials according to parts by weight for standby;
s2, manufacturing a biscuit firing blank: mixing the raw materials of the green body, adding water, performing ball milling by taking alumina balls as a ball milling medium, performing ball milling for 20-30 min, sieving with a 500-mesh sieve to obtain a green body pug, performing dehydration, vacuum pugging and ageing procedures, and performing blank benefiting and airing on the shaped rough blank to obtain a biscuit firing green body at 820-850 ℃;
s3, preparing a silica sol bottom layer: adding bottom layer slurry into the biscuit firing blank body in the step S2, coating the bottom layer slurry on the inner wall of the biscuit firing blank body, pouring out excessive bottom layer slurry, uniformly spreading zircon sand on the bottom layer slurry coated on the biscuit firing blank body, and drying to obtain a blank body with a silica sol bottom layer;
s4, manufacturing a silica sol intermediate layer: adding an intermediate layer slurry into the blank body in the step S3, coating the intermediate layer slurry on a silica sol bottom layer, pouring out excessive intermediate layer slurry, uniformly spreading two layers of mullite sand on the intermediate layer slurry coated on the silica sol bottom layer, and drying to obtain a blank body with the silica sol intermediate layer;
s5, preparing a silica sol surface layer: immersing the mullite sand into a sodium silicate aqueous solution, coating the sodium silicate aqueous solution on the silica sol intermediate layer in the step S4, adding surface layer slurry, coating the surface layer slurry on the mullite sand, pouring out excessive surface layer slurry, and drying to obtain a blank with a silica sol structural layer;
s6, mixing the raw materials of the glaze layer, adding water for ball milling, stirring in vacuum, removing bubbles to obtain glaze water, adjusting the water content to be 50% -60%, glazing the blank obtained in the step S6, drying in the air, and sintering in an oxidizing atmosphere at the highest sintering temperature of 1080-1120 ℃, wherein the sintering temperature in the sintering process is controlled specifically as follows: heating to 600-620 ℃ at a constant speed at a heating rate of 2.0-2.2 ℃/min, heating to 900-950 ℃ at a constant speed at a heating rate of 1.5-1.8 ℃/min, slowly heating to 1000-1050 ℃ at a heating rate of 0.6-0.8 ℃/min, preserving heat for 30-45 min, and heating to the highest sintering temperature at a constant speed of 1.2-1.5 ℃/min and preserving heat for 45-60 min.
The low temperature frits for the green sheets of examples 1-4 above were prepared by: uniformly mixing and grinding quartz, albite, borax, wollastonite and boric sludge according to a proportion to prepare a mixture, scattering the mixture into a fireproof sagger, and melting at a high temperature of 1290-1310 ℃ to obtain molten slurry; and (3) quenching the slurry with water, cooling, crushing into particles, and obtaining the low-temperature frit for the blank.
The preparation method of the low-temperature frit for glaze of the above examples 1-4 comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing and grinding quartz, albite, leaf feldspar, borax and lithium carbonate according to a proportion to prepare a mixture, scattering the mixture into a fire-resistant sagger, and melting the mixture at a high temperature of 1320-1350 ℃ to obtain molten slurry; and (3) quenching the slurry with water, cooling, and crushing into particles to obtain the low-temperature frit for glaze.
While the basic principles and main features of the invention and advantages of the invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited by the foregoing embodiments, which are described in the foregoing description merely illustrate the principles of the invention, and various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. Breathable ceramic flowerpot, its characterized in that: the ceramic flower pot comprises a breathable inner layer, a blank body and a glaze layer, wherein the blank body is sintered with the breathable inner layer and the glaze layer at one time, and the ceramic flower pot is formed by: the breathable inner layer is a silica sol structural layer, and a plurality of breathable micropores are distributed in and on the surface of the silica sol structural layer;
the silica sol structure layer consists of a silica sol bottom layer sintered with the blank, a silica sol middle layer combined with the silica sol bottom layer and a silica sol surface layer combined with the silica sol middle layer, wherein ventilation micropores are distributed in the silica sol bottom layer, the silica sol middle layer and the silica sol surface layer;
the silica sol bottom layer consists of bottom layer slurry and a zircon sand layer combined on the bottom layer slurry, the silica sol middle layer consists of middle layer slurry and a first mullite sand layer combined on the middle layer slurry, the silica sol surface layer consists of surface layer slurry and a second mullite sand layer combined on the surface layer slurry, and the first and second mullite sand layers are arranged between the middle layer slurry and the surface layer slurry;
the bottom layer slurry is prepared from silica sol, zircon powder, propylene glycol and fatty acid glyceride, and the mass ratio of the silica sol to the zircon powder is 1:3.2-3.4; the intermediate layer slurry is prepared from silica sol, mullite powder and calcium carbonate whisker according to the mass ratio of 1:3.8-4.0:0.1-0.2; the surface layer slurry is prepared from silica sol and mullite powder according to the mass ratio of 1:1.8-2.0;
the firing temperature control in the sintering process is specifically as follows: heating to 600-620 ℃ at a constant speed at a heating rate of 2.0-2.2 ℃/min, heating to 900-950 ℃ at a constant speed at a heating rate of 1.5-1.8 ℃/min, slowly heating to 1000-1050 ℃ at a heating rate of 0.6-0.8 ℃/min, and preserving heat for 30-45 min, heating to the highest sintering temperature at a constant speed of 1.2-1.5 ℃/min, preserving heat for 45-60 min, and the highest sintering temperature is 1080-1120 ℃.
2. A gas permeable ceramic pot according to claim 1, wherein: the viscosity of the bottom layer slurry is 30-35 seconds, the viscosity of the middle layer slurry is 15-20 seconds, and the viscosity of the surface layer slurry is 10-12 seconds.
3. A gas permeable ceramic pot according to claim 1, wherein: the mesh number of the zircon sand is 100-120 meshes.
4. A gas permeable ceramic pot according to claim 1, wherein: the mesh number of the mullite sand is 15-30 meshes.
5. A gas permeable ceramic pot according to claim 1, wherein: the blank consists of the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of germanite, 10-20 parts of potassium feldspar, 40-60 parts of nano waste porcelain powder, 15-20 parts of pyrophyllite, 5-10 parts of fluxing agent for blanks and 10-20 parts of low-temperature frit for blanks; the low-temperature frit for the blank is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 20-30 parts of quartz, 10-15 parts of albite, 15-20 parts of borax, 10-20 parts of wollastonite and 10-15 parts of boric sludge; the fluxing agent for the blank is prepared from sodium fluoride and sodium silicofluoride according to a mass ratio of 3:1.
6. A gas permeable ceramic pot according to claim 5, wherein: the preparation method of the low-temperature frit for the blank comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing and grinding quartz, albite, borax, wollastonite and boric sludge according to a proportion to prepare a mixture, scattering the mixture into a fireproof sagger, and melting at a high temperature of 1290-1310 ℃ to obtain molten slurry; and (3) quenching the slurry with water, cooling, crushing into particles, and obtaining the low-temperature frit for the blank.
7. A gas permeable ceramic pot according to claim 1, wherein: the glaze layer consists of the following components in parts by weight: 40-60 parts of white mud, 10-20 parts of potassium feldspar, 10-20 parts of fluorite tailings, 5-10 parts of glaze fluxing agent and 10-20 parts of low-temperature frit for glaze; the low-temperature frit for glaze is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 25-30 parts of quartz, 10-15 parts of albite, 10-20 parts of phyllosilicate, 15-20 parts of borax and 5-10 parts of lithium carbonate; the glaze fluxing agent is prepared from sodium fluoride and sodium silicofluoride according to a mass ratio of 3:1.
8. The breathable ceramic flowerpot of claim 7 wherein: the preparation method of the low-temperature frit for glaze comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing and grinding quartz, albite, leaf feldspar, borax and lithium carbonate according to a proportion to prepare a mixture, scattering the mixture into a fire-resistant sagger, and melting the mixture at a high temperature of 1320-1350 ℃ to obtain molten slurry; and (3) quenching the slurry with water, cooling, and crushing into particles to obtain the low-temperature frit for glaze.
9. A process for preparing a breathable ceramic flowerpot according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, preparing raw materials: weighing the raw materials according to parts by weight for standby;
s2, manufacturing a biscuit firing blank: mixing the raw materials of the green body, adding water, performing ball milling by taking alumina balls as a ball milling medium, performing ball milling for 20-30 min, sieving with a 500-mesh sieve to obtain a green body pug, performing dehydration, vacuum pugging and ageing procedures, and performing blank benefiting and airing on the shaped rough blank to obtain a biscuit firing green body at 820-850 ℃;
s3, preparing a silica sol bottom layer: adding bottom layer slurry into the biscuit firing blank body in the step S2, coating the bottom layer slurry on the inner wall of the biscuit firing blank body, pouring out excessive bottom layer slurry, uniformly spreading zircon sand on the bottom layer slurry coated on the biscuit firing blank body, and drying to obtain a blank body with a silica sol bottom layer;
s4, manufacturing a silica sol intermediate layer: adding an intermediate layer slurry into the blank body in the step S3, coating the intermediate layer slurry on a silica sol bottom layer, pouring out excessive intermediate layer slurry, uniformly spreading two layers of mullite sand on the intermediate layer slurry coated on the silica sol bottom layer, and drying to obtain a blank body with the silica sol intermediate layer;
s5, preparing a silica sol surface layer: immersing the mullite sand into a sodium silicate aqueous solution, coating the sodium silicate aqueous solution on the silica sol intermediate layer in the step S4, adding surface layer slurry, coating the surface layer slurry on the mullite sand, pouring out excessive surface layer slurry, and drying to obtain a blank with a silica sol structural layer;
s6, mixing the glaze raw materials, adding water, ball milling, vacuum stirring, and removing bubbles to obtain glaze water with the water content of 50% -60%, glazing the blank obtained in the step S6, and performing primary sintering in an oxidizing atmosphere after airing, wherein the highest sintering temperature is 1080-1120 ℃;
the firing temperature control of the sintering process is specifically as follows: heating to 600-620 ℃ at a constant speed at a heating rate of 2.0-2.2 ℃/min, heating to 900-950 ℃ at a constant speed at a heating rate of 1.5-1.8 ℃/min, slowly heating to 1000-1050 ℃ at a heating rate of 0.6-0.8 ℃/min, preserving heat for 30-45 min, and heating to the highest sintering temperature at a constant speed of 1.2-1.5 ℃/min and preserving heat for 45-60 min.
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