CN112636415A - Multi-battery-pack parallel charging control method for single charging device - Google Patents
Multi-battery-pack parallel charging control method for single charging device Download PDFInfo
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- CN112636415A CN112636415A CN202011447926.7A CN202011447926A CN112636415A CN 112636415 A CN112636415 A CN 112636415A CN 202011447926 A CN202011447926 A CN 202011447926A CN 112636415 A CN112636415 A CN 112636415A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
- H02J7/0014—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries
- H02J7/0016—Circuits for equalisation of charge between batteries using shunting, discharge or bypass circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/0071—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage with a programmable schedule
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/00712—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage the cycle being controlled or terminated in response to electric parameters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention discloses a multi-battery-pack parallel charging control method for a single charging device. The method comprises the following steps: closing switches S of all the current equalizing units; carrying out equilibrium state evaluation and adjusting the equilibrium state; disconnecting a current equalizing unit switch S corresponding to the battery pack with the current close to 0, and closing 2 battery packs with the current being positive and maximum and the current being negative and minimum to charge the battery pack with the high electric quantity to the battery pack with the low electric quantity until the internal current of the battery pack is reduced to be close to 0; starting a charging device to start charging; detecting the current I in all current equalizing units1‑INCalculating the average charging current IS in each current equalizing unit, and adjusting the duty ratio x of a switching device B in each current equalizing unit and the voltage UCH of a charging device; and gradually increasing the duty ratio of each current equalizing unit. The control method of the invention can solve the current sharing problem when a plurality of battery packs are charged in parallel, controls the charging currents of a plurality of groups of battery packs to be basically equal, is convenient to control, and is compared with each group of battery packsThe DC/DC device is independently configured for charging the battery, so that the battery is more economical and efficient.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of energy storage, in particular to a parallel charging current sharing control method for a storage battery pack, which is suitable for large-scale energy storage application, can solve the current sharing problem when a plurality of groups of storage batteries are charged in parallel, and enables the plurality of groups of storage batteries to share one charging device for charging.
Background
The large energy storage system usually consists of dozens of or even hundreds of battery packs, the current imbalance may be caused by the direct parallel charging of the battery packs due to the difference of the battery packs, and the overcurrent fault of individual battery packs is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
Specifically, the invention provides a multi-battery parallel charging control method for a single charging device, which is characterized in that, the current-sharing control method is used for controlling a target current-sharing circuit, the target current-sharing circuit is provided with a plurality of battery packs, each battery pack is connected with a current-sharing unit in series, wherein, a single charging device is adopted to charge a plurality of battery packs in parallel, each current equalizing unit comprises a high-power resistor R, a switching device B, a reactor, a current sensor H and a switch S, wherein the switch device B is a high-frequency switch device, in each current equalizing unit, the switch device B is connected with the high-power resistor R in parallel and then is connected with the reactor L, the reactor is connected with a first pole of a corresponding battery pack after being sequentially connected with the current sensor H and the switch S in series, and a second pole of the battery pack is connected with a second pole of the charging device;
the method comprises the following steps:
step A.0, starting charging, and controlling switches S of all current equalizing units to be switched off in an initial state, wherein the duty ratio of a switching device B is 0;
step A.1, closing switches S of all current equalizing units;
step A.2, carrying out equilibrium state evaluation, and judging whether the equilibrium state difference among the battery packs is greater than a preset threshold value or not;
step A.3, if the current in any battery pack is larger than a preset threshold IM, the battery pack is considered to be unbalanced, step B.1 is executed to perform balance adjustment, otherwise, if the current of all the battery packs is close to 0, the battery packs are considered to be in good balance state, and step C1 is executed;
step B.1: disconnecting a current equalizing unit switch S corresponding to the battery pack with the current close to 0, and closing 2 battery packs with the current being positive and maximum and the current being negative and minimum to charge the battery pack with the high electric quantity to the battery pack with the low electric quantity until the internal current of the battery pack is reduced to be close to 0;
b.2, disconnecting the switches S of all the equalizing units;
step B.3, standing for preset time, returning to the step A.1, and restarting a charging process;
c.1, starting the charging device, closing a switch S, setting the voltage UCH of the charging device, and starting charging;
step C.2 is executed, and the current I in all the current equalizing units is detected1-INCalculating the average charging current IS in each current equalizing unit, adjusting the duty ratio x of a switching device B and the voltage UCH of a charging device in each current equalizing unit to be the initial duty ratio and the initial voltage, detecting whether charging IS finished, and disconnecting the switch S of the current equalizing unit if any battery pack IS charged;
c.3, judging whether all the battery packs are full, if the battery packs which are not full exist, executing the step C.4, otherwise, finishing charging;
step C.4, judging whether each battery pack IS equalized, if the current values of all the battery packs are within the range of (100 +/-P)% of the average current value IS, and P IS a value set according to the battery characteristics, considering that the charging equalization state of each battery pack IS good, continuing to execute the step D.1, otherwise, considering that the battery packs are unbalanced in charging, increasing the duty ratio in the current equalizing unit lower than the current average value, reducing the duty ratio in the current equalizing unit higher than the current average value until the deviation of the current equalizing unit IS not more than the set threshold value, returning to the step C.2, adjusting the duty ratio x of the battery packs to perform charging equalization adjustment, and performing closed-loop adjustment until the charging current IS equalized;
d.1, judging the duty ratio states of all the switching devices B, if no battery pack has a duty ratio close to 100%, executing the step D.2, otherwise, returning to the step C2;
step D.2, synchronously improving the duty ratio x of each switching device B, returning to execute the step C.2-step C.4, after the charging current of each battery pack is balanced, continuously increasing the step ST of all duty ratios until the duty ratio of one battery pack is close to 100%, stopping synchronously increasing the duty ratios, and directly executing the step C.2 by the step D.1;
in step c.3, if all the battery packs are full, step a.4 is executed, the charging is finished, all the current equalizing unit switches S are turned off, the charging switch SCH is turned off, and the charging device is turned off.
In a preferred implementation manner, in step c.2, the method for adjusting the duty ratio x of the switching device B to adjust the charge equalization IS to increase the duty ratio x by the step SD if the current of any battery pack IS greater than (100+ P)% of the average current value IS, where the step SD IS set according to the battery characteristics and IS an integer between 1 and 50, detect the current again, and perform the loop until the current of the battery pack IS within (100 ± P)% of the average current value IS, that IS, complete the current equalization of the battery pack, and decrease the duty ratio x by the step SD if the current of any battery pack IS less than (100-P)% of the average current value IS, detect the current again, and perform the loop until the current of the battery pack IS within (100 ± P)% of the average current value IS, thereby completing the current equalization of the battery pack.
In another preferred implementation, in step c.2, the UCH IS adjusted to adjust the average charging current by decreasing UCH, UD by a step size UD if the average current IS higher than the set value, detecting and calculating the average current again, and performing a loop until UCH reaches the set value, considering that the average charging current adjustment IS completed, and increasing UCH by a step size UD if the average current IS lower than the set value, detecting and calculating the average current again, and performing a loop until UCH reaches the set value, considering that the average charging current adjustment IS completed.
In another preferred implementation, in step c.2, the duty cycle x and UCH of the switch B are adjusted simultaneously to reduce the power consumption of the resistor R, and the step includes: and synchronously increasing the duty ratios x of all the current equalizing units by using a step length ST, wherein the step length ST IS a positive integer of 1-100, increasing the average charging current IS, and then, adjusting the voltage UCH of the low-charging device to maintain the average charging current IS unchanged until the duty ratios of one or more current equalizing units are 100%, wherein the resistance power consumption IS the lowest under the condition of ensuring the current equalization of the battery pack, and the adjustment IS completed.
The invention also provides a storage battery pack parallel charging current-sharing circuit structure, which is used for charging a plurality of battery packs in parallel by adopting a single charging device, and comprises a plurality of current-sharing units, wherein each current-sharing unit comprises a first interface J + and a second interface J-, the first interfaces J + of all the current-sharing units are connected in parallel to form a first external interface JCH + of a parallel charging current-sharing circuit, the second interface J-of each current-sharing unit is respectively used as a second external interface of the parallel charging current-sharing circuit, each current-sharing unit corresponds to one battery pack, and the first pole of the charging device is connected to the external interface JCH + of the parallel charging current-sharing circuit;
each current sharing unit comprises a high-power resistor R, a switch device B, an electric reactor, a current sensor H and a switch S, wherein the switch device B is a high-frequency switch device, in each current sharing unit, after the switch device B and the high-power resistor R are connected in parallel, the first end is connected to the first interface J +, the second end is connected with the electric reactor L, after the electric reactor is sequentially connected with the current sensor H and the switch S in series, the electric reactor is connected to the second interface J-of the corresponding current sharing unit, the second interface J-of each current sharing unit is respectively connected to the first pole of the corresponding battery pack, and the second pole of the battery pack is connected to the second pole of the charging device;
each current sensor respectively measures the passing current in the corresponding branch circuit;
the charging current-sharing circuit structure further comprises a balancing controller, wherein the balancing controller controls the high-frequency switching devices in the current-sharing units respectively based on the current in the corresponding branch circuits so as to adjust the duty ratio of the high-frequency switching devices, and the high-power resistor R is enabled to be continuously connected in series and cut off.
Preferably, when the charging is started, the balancing controller controls the high-frequency switching devices in each current equalizing unit to be switched on and off according to a preset duty ratio, and judges whether the current in each current equalizing unit deviates from the current average value and exceeds a preset threshold value, if the current in each current equalizing unit deviates from the current average value, the duty ratio in the current equalizing unit lower than the current average value is increased, the duty ratio in the current equalizing unit higher than the current average value is decreased until the deviation does not exceed the preset threshold value, otherwise, the duty ratio of the high-frequency switching devices in each current equalizing unit is synchronously increased according to a preset proportion, and deviation judgment is performed again until the duty ratio of the high-frequency switching devices in any one or more current equalizing units reaches 100.
Preferably, the high-frequency switching device is an IGBT or an MOS transistor.
Preferably, the balancing controller further has a balancing state evaluation module, the balancing controller controls charging to be started, controls all the current equalizing unit switches S to be closed, and makes the duty ratio of the high-frequency switching device be 0, and the balancing state evaluation module performs balancing state evaluation based on the current of each battery at the moment.
Has the advantages that:
the parallel charging current sharing control method of the storage battery pack has the following advantages:
1. the control is flexible and highly integrated, each battery pack can be conveniently subjected to balance control, and the maximum charging efficiency is ensured;
2. a plurality of battery packs can share one charging device;
3. compared with the charging device configured for each battery pack, the charging device has higher overall efficiency and lower cost.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a parallel charging current sharing circuit configuration of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a control flow chart of the parallel charging current sharing circuit in the present invention;
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific examples.
Fig. 1 shows a parallel charging current-sharing circuit structure of a storage battery pack, and the control method of the invention is to adopt the parallel charging current-sharing circuit to perform charging control. As shown in the figure, the parallel charging current-sharing circuit of the storage battery pack is composed of a plurality of current-sharing units, the number of the current-sharing units is equal to that of the battery packs in the battery system, the number of the current-sharing units is N, and N is a positive integer greater than 1;
each current equalizing unit is provided with two interfaces, namely J + and J-, the J + of all the current equalizing units are connected in parallel to form an external interface JCH + of the parallel charging equalizing circuit, the J-of each current equalizing unit is respectively output to a battery pack and used as the external interface of the charging equalizing circuit, namely J1-, J2-, … Jk-and … JN-, wherein k is an integer less than N.
Inside each current equalizing unit, one pin of a J + and high-power resistor R is connected with one pin of a switch device B, the other pin of the high-power resistor R is connected with the other pin of the switch device B and is connected with one pin of a reactor L, the other pin of the reactor L is connected with one pin of a switch S, the other pin of the switch S is connected with a J-, wherein a cable passes through a current sensor H, and the switch device B can be an IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor), an MOS (metal oxide semiconductor) tube and other power electronic devices with high-frequency switching capability.
When the charging device charges the battery system, the structure of the charging circuit is formed in such a way that JCH + of the parallel charging current equalizing circuit is connected with the positive output of the charging device, J1-is connected with the positive output of the 1# battery pack, J2-is connected with the positive output of the 2# battery pack and sequentially connected until JN-is connected with the positive output of the N # battery pack, and the negatives of all the battery packs are connected together and connected with the negatives of the charging device.
The on-off of the controllable switch S of the current sharing unit controls the start-stop of the battery pack charging, the charging current I is detected through the current sensor H, the charging current is adjusted through the conduction duty ratio x of the control switch device B, the resistor R is continuously connected in series and cut off under the on-off of the high frequency of the switch device B, the time of the connection in series and cut off is compared under the adjustment of the duty ratio x, an equivalent resistor R can be simulated, R is R (1-x), the reactor filters the charging current, and therefore the charging current I is controlled by the duty ratio x. The individual switching devices B can be controlled in a unified manner by means of an equalization controller.
As shown in fig. 1, taking the k # cell group as an example, the voltage relationship of the charging loop is UCH UJk + UBk, the inside of the cell can be simply equivalent to the open-circuit voltage OCV and the internal resistance RB of the cell, assuming that the open-circuit voltage of the k # cell group is OCVk, the internal resistance is RBk, and the charging current is Ik, then UCH OCVk + Ik RBk + Ik R (1-x), then Ix is (UCH-OCVk)/(RBk + R-R x)), if the charging current Ik of the k # cell group is higher than that of the other cell groups, then Ix is decreased, if the average current of all the cell groups is too large, UCH is decreased, and if the average current is too small, UCH is increased.
When the initial charging is started, the balancing controller first controls the switching devices of the current equalizing units according to a preset relatively low duty ratio, for example, the duty ratio of each switching device is set to 50%. Since the smaller the duty ratio x, the larger the power consumption of the resistor R and the lower the efficiency, x is gradually adjusted to 100% as much as possible on the basis of relatively equalizing the charging currents of all the battery packs. After the charging IS started, it IS detected whether the current flowing through all the current equalizing units IS within (100 ± P)% of the average current IS, where P IS a value set according to the battery characteristics and has a value in the range of 0 to 50, which IS a deviation allowable range, and may be set to 10, for example. If the current values flowing in all the current equalizing units are within (100 +/-P)% of the average current value IS, the duty ratios of all the current equalizing units can be synchronously adjusted by a step length ST, the step length ST IS a positive integer of 1-50, for example, the step length ST can be set to be 5-10, the average charging current IS IS increased at the moment, the average charging current IS IS kept unchanged by adjusting the voltage UCH of the low charging device until the duty ratio of one or more current equalizing units IS 100%, the charging state IS maintained for charging, the average charging current becomes smaller as the OCV of the charging battery pack IS increased, the voltage UCH of the charging device IS adjusted at the moment, the average charging current IS IS kept stable, and the duty ratio of the current equalizing unit corresponding to the battery pack IS adjusted when the charging current of the battery pack IS greatly different, namely the current value of the battery pack exceeds (100 +/-P)% of the average current value IS in the charging process, and maintaining the relative balance of the charging current until the charging is finished.
Before the charging is started, the equalization state can be evaluated and adjusted through a parallel charging current-sharing circuit, the specific method is that the switches S of all the current-sharing units are closed, the duty ratios of the switch devices B of all the current-sharing units are 0, the current of each current-sharing unit is detected at the moment, the equalization state of each battery pack is considered to be good if the current of all the battery packs is close to 0, if the current of a single battery is larger than IM, and IM is set according to the characteristics of the battery, the equalization state of the battery pack is considered to be poor, the equalization state can be adjusted through the parallel charging current-sharing circuit, the specific adjustment method is that the current-sharing unit switch S with the current of the battery pack close to 0 is disconnected, 2 battery packs with positive and maximum currents and negative and minimum currents are closed, the battery pack with high electric quantity is charged to the battery pack with low electric quantity until the currents are reduced to be close to 0, the charging currents, the equalization speed is accelerated.
Fig. 2 is a preferred control flow chart of the parallel charging current sharing control method for the storage battery pack of the invention, and the control process can be executed by an equalization controller. As shown in the figure, step a.0, firstly, charging starts, switches S of all current equalizing units in an initial state are turned off, the duty ratio of a switch device B is 0, a charging switch SCH is turned off, the step a.1 is skipped, the switches S of all current equalizing units are closed, the step a.2 is skipped, equalization state evaluation is performed, the step a.3 is skipped, if a certain battery has a large current, namely greater than IM (preset threshold), IM is set according to battery characteristics, it is considered that the equalization state of the battery pack is poor, the step b.1 is skipped, equalization adjustment is performed, the current equalizing unit switches S with the battery pack current close to 0 are turned off, 2 battery packs with positive and maximum closing currents and negative and minimum currents are closed, so that the battery pack with high battery capacity charges the battery pack with low battery capacity until the currents are reduced to be close to 0, at this time, the charging currents can be adjusted by synchronously increasing the duty ratios of two current equalizing units, accelerating the equalizing speed, executing the step B.2 after the adjustment is finished, disconnecting all equalizing unit switches S, executing the step B.3, standing for a period of time, executing the step A.1, and restarting the charging process;
IN step a.3, the equalization state IS judged, if the current of all battery packs IS close to 0, the equalization state of each battery pack IS considered to be good, step c.1 IS continuously executed, the charging device IS started, the switch SCH IS closed, the voltage UCH of the charging device IS set, charging IS started, step c.2 IS executed, all current equalizing unit currents I1-IN are detected, the average charging current IS calculated, the current equalizing unit duty ratio x and the voltage UCH of the charging device are adjusted to the initial duty ratio and the initial voltage, whether charging IS finished or not IS detected, if charging of a certain battery pack IS finished, the current equalizing unit switch S of the path IS disconnected, whether charging of the battery pack IS finished or not IS provided by the internal detection device of the battery pack (the detection can be continuously performed IN the whole charging process, once charging IS finished, the corresponding branch IS disconnected), step c.3 IS continuously executed, whether all battery packs, executing step C.4, judging whether each battery pack has equalized current, when the current values of all battery packs are within the range of (100 +/-P)% of the average current value IS, P IS a value set according to the battery characteristics, the numerical value range IS 0-100, considering that the charge equalization state of each battery pack IS good, continuing to execute step D.1,
in step c.4, if it IS determined that the current of the battery pack IS out of the (100 ± P)% range of the average current value IS, it IS determined that there IS unbalanced charging of the battery pack, increasing the duty ratio in the current equalizing unit lower than the average current value, decreasing the duty ratio in the current equalizing unit higher than the average current value until the deviation thereof does not exceed the set threshold, and proceeding to step c.2, performing charge equalization adjustment by adjusting the duty ratio x of the battery pack, performing closed-loop adjustment until the charging current IS equalized, and when it IS determined again, if the currents of all the battery packs are in the (100 ± P)% range of the average current value IS, completing the equalization adjustment.
Continuing to execute the step D.1, judging the states of all the switch duty ratios, if the duty ratios of no battery pack are close to 100%, executing a step D.2, synchronously increasing the duty ratio x of the switch B, namely synchronously increasing the duty ratios of all the current equalizing units by a step ST, wherein the step ST is a positive integer between 1 and 50, continuing to execute the step C.2 to the step C.4 after the increase, continuing to increase the step ST by all the duty ratios after the charging current of all the battery packs is equalized until the duty ratio of one battery pack is close to 100%, stopping synchronously increasing the duty ratios, and directly executing the step C.2 by the step D.1;
in step c.3, if all the battery packs are full, step a.4 is executed, the switch S of all the current equalizing units is turned off after the charging is finished, the charging master switch SCH is turned off, and the charging device is turned off.
In the process c.2, the method for adjusting the duty ratio x of the switch B to adjust the charge equalization includes increasing the current by the step size SD if the current of a certain battery pack IS greater than (100+ P)% of the average current value IS, the SD IS set to be an integer from 1 to 100 according to the battery characteristics, detecting the current again, and performing the loop until the current of the battery pack IS within (100 ± P)% of the average current value IS, thereby completing the current equalization of the battery pack, and decreasing the current by the step size SD if the current of a certain battery pack IS less than (100-P)% of the average current value IS, detecting the current again, performing the loop until the current of the battery pack IS within (100 ± P)% of the average current value IS, thereby completing the current equalization of the battery pack;
in the process c.2, the average charging current IS adjusted by adjusting UCH by decreasing UCH by a step length UD if the average current IS higher than the set value, detecting and calculating the average current again by using UD as a positive number, and performing the loop until the UCH reaches the set value, considering that the average charging current adjustment IS completed, and increasing UCH by a step length UD if the average current IS lower than the set value, detecting and calculating the average current again, performing the loop until the UCH reaches the set value, considering that the average charging current adjustment IS completed;
in the process c.2, the method for reducing the power consumption of the resistor R by simultaneously adjusting the duty ratios x and UCH of the switch B includes synchronously increasing the duty ratios x of all the current sharing units by the step ST, where the step ST IS a positive integer of 1-100, increasing the average charging current IS, and then maintaining the average charging current IS unchanged by adjusting the voltage UCH of the charging device until the duty ratios of one or more current sharing units are 100%, where the power consumption of the resistor IS the lowest and the adjustment IS completed under the condition of ensuring the current sharing during the charging of the battery pack.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and those skilled in the art can implement the present invention in other various embodiments according to the disclosure of the embodiments and the drawings, and therefore, all designs that can be easily changed or modified by using the design structure and thought of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A multi-battery parallel charging control method for a single charging device is characterized in that the current-sharing control method is used for controlling a target current-sharing circuit, the target current-equalizing circuit is provided with a plurality of battery packs, each battery pack is connected with one current-equalizing unit in series, wherein, a single charging device is adopted to charge a plurality of battery packs in parallel, each current equalizing unit comprises a high-power resistor R, a switching device B, a reactor, a current sensor H and a switch S, wherein the switch device B is a high-frequency switch device, in each current equalizing unit, the switch device B is connected with the high-power resistor R in parallel and then is connected with the reactor L, the reactor is connected with a first pole of a corresponding battery pack after being sequentially connected with the current sensor H and the switch S in series, and a second pole of the battery pack is connected with a second pole of the charging device;
the method comprises the following steps:
step A.0, starting charging, controlling switches S of all current equalizing units to be switched off in an initial state, and switching off a main switch SCH of a circuit when the duty ratio of a switching element B is 0;
step A.1, closing switches S of all current equalizing units;
step A.2, carrying out equilibrium state evaluation, and judging whether the equilibrium state difference among the battery packs is greater than a preset threshold value or not;
step A.3, if the current in any battery pack is larger than a preset threshold IM, the battery pack is considered to be unbalanced, step B.1 is executed to perform balance adjustment, otherwise, if the current of all the battery packs is close to 0, the battery packs are considered to be in good balance state, and step C1 is executed;
step B.1: disconnecting a current equalizing unit switch S corresponding to the battery pack with the current close to 0, and closing 2 battery packs with the current being positive and maximum and the current being negative and minimum to charge the battery pack with the high electric quantity to the battery pack with the low electric quantity until the internal current of the battery pack is reduced to be close to 0;
b.2, disconnecting the switches S of all the equalizing units;
step B.3, standing for preset time, returning to the step A.1, and restarting a charging process;
c.1, starting a charging device, disconnecting a circuit master switch SCH, setting the voltage UCH of the charging device, and starting charging;
step C.2 is executed, and the current I in all the current equalizing units is detected1-INCalculating the average charging current IS in each current equalizing unit, adjusting the duty ratio x of a switching device B and the voltage UCH of a charging device in each current equalizing unit to be the initial duty ratio and the initial voltage, detecting whether charging IS finished, and disconnecting the switch S of the current equalizing unit if any battery pack IS charged;
c.3, judging whether all the battery packs are full, if the battery packs which are not full exist, executing the step C.4, otherwise, finishing charging;
step C.4, judging whether each battery pack IS equalized, if the current values of all the battery packs are within the range of (100 +/-P)% of the average current value IS, and P IS a value set according to the battery characteristics, considering that the charging equalization state of each battery pack IS good, continuing to execute the step D.1, otherwise, considering that the battery packs are unbalanced in charging, increasing the duty ratio in the current equalizing unit lower than the current average value, reducing the duty ratio in the current equalizing unit higher than the current average value until the deviation of the current equalizing unit IS not more than the set threshold value, returning to the step C.2, adjusting the duty ratio x of the battery packs to perform charging equalization adjustment, and performing closed-loop adjustment until the charging current IS equalized;
d.1, judging the duty ratio states of all the switching devices B, if no battery pack has a duty ratio close to 100%, executing the step D.2, otherwise, returning to the step C2;
step D.2, synchronously improving the duty ratio x of each switching device B, returning to execute the step C.2-step C.4, after the charging current of each battery pack is balanced, continuously increasing the step ST of all duty ratios until the duty ratio of one battery pack is close to 100%, stopping synchronously increasing the duty ratios, and directly executing the step C.2 by the step D.1;
in step c.3, if all the battery packs are full, step a.4 is executed, the charging is finished, all the current equalizing unit switches S are turned off, the charging circuit master switch SCH is turned off, and the charging device is turned off.
2. The control method according to claim 1,
in step c.2, the method for adjusting the duty ratio x of the switching device B to adjust the charge equalization includes, if the current of any one battery pack IS greater than (100+ P)% of the average current value IS, increasing the duty ratio x by the step size SD, which IS set according to the battery characteristics and IS an integer between 1 and 50, detecting the current again, and performing the loop until the current of the battery pack IS within (100 ± P)% of the average current value IS, thereby completing the current equalization of the battery pack, and if the current of any one battery pack IS less than (100-P)% of the average current value IS, decreasing the duty ratio x by the step size SD, detecting the current again, and performing the loop until the current of the battery pack IS within (100 ± P)% of the average current value IS, thereby completing the current equalization of the battery pack.
3. The control method according to claim 1,
in step c.2, the average charging current IS adjusted by adjusting UCH by decreasing UCH by a step size UD if the average current IS higher than the set value, detecting and calculating the average current again by a positive number, and performing a loop until UCH reaches the set value, considering that the average charging current adjustment IS completed, and increasing UCH by a step size UD if the average current IS lower than the set value, detecting and calculating the average current again, and performing a loop until UCH reaches the set value, considering that the average charging current adjustment IS completed.
4. The control method according to claim 1,
in step c.2, the duty cycle x and UCH of switch B are adjusted simultaneously to reduce the power consumption of resistor R, which includes: and synchronously increasing the duty ratios x of all the current equalizing units by using a step length ST, wherein the step length ST IS a positive integer of 1-100, increasing the average charging current IS, and then, adjusting the voltage UCH of the low-charging device to maintain the average charging current IS unchanged until the duty ratios of one or more current equalizing units are 100%, wherein the resistance power consumption IS the lowest under the condition of ensuring the current equalization of the battery pack, and the adjustment IS completed.
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