CN112629059A - Method for evaluating refrigerating capacity of room-temperature magnetic refrigerating material and heat exchange device - Google Patents
Method for evaluating refrigerating capacity of room-temperature magnetic refrigerating material and heat exchange device Download PDFInfo
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- CN112629059A CN112629059A CN202011633056.2A CN202011633056A CN112629059A CN 112629059 A CN112629059 A CN 112629059A CN 202011633056 A CN202011633056 A CN 202011633056A CN 112629059 A CN112629059 A CN 112629059A
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- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000005347 demagnetization Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003146 anticoagulant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940127219 anticoagulant drug Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005415 magnetization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013139 quantization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B21/00—Machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2321/00—Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects
- F25B2321/002—Details of machines, plants or systems, using electric or magnetic effects by using magneto-caloric effects
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/21—Temperatures
- F25B2700/2104—Temperatures of an indoor room or compartment
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a heat exchange device, comprising: the device comprises a heat insulation shell, circulating liquid, a sensor and a sample; the heat insulation shell is a closed container, the circulating liquid, the sensor and the sample are placed in the heat insulation shell, the sensor is connected with a signal wire, the signal wire penetrates through the heat insulation shell and is led out of the heat insulation shell, and the sample is made of a magnetic material with magnetic refrigeration capacity. The invention also discloses a method for evaluating the refrigerating capacity of the room-temperature magnetic refrigerating material. The heat exchange device of the invention is applied to express and evaluate the refrigerating capacity of the room-temperature magnetic refrigerating material in a heat form, and solves the problem of judging the refrigerating capacity of the magnetic refrigerating material in the existing magnetic refrigerating technology.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of room temperature magnetic refrigeration, and particularly relates to a method for evaluating refrigeration capacity of a room temperature magnetic refrigeration material and a heat exchange device.
Background
In general, researchers evaluate the refrigerating capacity of room-temperature magnetic refrigerating materials through the heat insulation temperature change delta Tad and the isothermal magnetic entropy change delta Sm, and the comparison is suitable for the same series of materials or similar series of materials with less component change. In order to compare the refrigerating capacity between materials with different components, some scholars propose various semi-quantitative rating methods, such as using the product of the adiabatic temperature change Δ Tad and the isothermal magnetic entropy change Δ Sm as an evaluation index, and the like.
However, none of these methods provides the designer of a room temperature magnetic refrigerator with a clear indication of the refrigeration capacity in terms of heat. The existing various evaluation standards cannot tell a refrigerator designer that theoretically, the heat which can be exchanged by a certain magnetic refrigeration material in a single circulation mode is not enough to guide refrigeration and the designer to obtain the theoretical refrigeration capacity of the refrigerator according to a circulation model, so that the refrigerator cannot be better improved according to experimental data.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for evaluating the refrigerating capacity of a room-temperature magnetic refrigerating material and a heat exchange device, which apply the heat exchange device to evaluate the refrigerating capacity of the room-temperature magnetic refrigerating material in a heat form, and solve the problem of judging the refrigerating capacity of the magnetic refrigerating material in the prior magnetic refrigerating technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a heat exchange device, comprising: the device comprises a heat insulation shell, circulating liquid, a sensor and a sample; the heat insulation shell is a closed container, the circulating liquid, the sensor and the sample are placed in the heat insulation shell, the sensor is connected with a signal wire, the signal wire penetrates through the heat insulation shell and is led out of the heat insulation shell, and the sample is made of a magnetic material with magnetic refrigeration capacity.
Further, the component of the circulating liquid is H2O, anticoagulant is added; the sensor adopts a thin film platinum resistor, the measuring range is 233K-673K, and the precision is +/-0.15K; the signal line adopts the copper line, and the signal line is connected with display and memory.
Further, the insulated housing includes: the heat insulation shell comprises a heat insulation shell body and an upper cover, wherein the upper cover is connected with the heat insulation shell body through a screw, and the upper cover is provided with a liquid filling opening.
Furthermore, a sealant is arranged at the contact position of the signal wire and the heat insulation shell.
Further, a heat insulation pad is arranged on the outer side of the heat insulation shell.
The method for evaluating the refrigerating capacity of the room-temperature magnetic refrigerating material comprises the following steps:
the sensor measures the temperature of the current circulating liquid, sends a first temperature value to an external memory and a display, and records the quality of the circulating liquid and the sample in the heat exchange device;
changing the magnetic field environment of the heat exchange device, changing the temperature of the sample in the heat insulation shell under the magnetocaloric effect, changing the temperature of the circulating liquid by the sample, measuring the temperature of the circulating liquid after the temperature is changed by the sensor, and sending a second temperature value to the external memory and the display;
and obtaining the relation between the adiabatic temperature change and the temperature of the sample, the mass of the sample and the specific heat capacity of the circulating liquid according to the first temperature value and the second temperature value to obtain the heat q transferred between the sample with unit mass and the circulating liquid with unit mass at the maximum equilibrium temperature, and determining the refrigerating capacity of the sample in the room temperature magnetic refrigeration according to the heat q.
Preferably, the heat exchange device is placed in an environment with a magnetic field applied, and under the magnetocaloric effect, the temperature of the sample in the heat-insulating shell is increased, the sample heats the circulating liquid, and the temperature of the circulating liquid is increased.
Preferably, the heat exchange device is taken out from the magnetic field environment, and under the magnetocaloric effect, the temperature of the sample in the heat insulation shell is reduced, the sample cools the circulating liquid, and the temperature of the circulating liquid is reduced.
Preferably:
the temperature of the current circulating liquid is ambient temperature T, the mass of the sample as a room-temperature magnetic refrigeration material is X, the mass of the circulating liquid is L, and the specific heat capacity of the circulating liquid is CL(ii) a Magnetic field strength H of sample1Adiabatic demagnetization is 0, when the environment temperature is T, the adiabatic temperature of the sample is changed into delta T, and the temperature TeComprises the following steps: t ise＝T-ΔT；
The sample and the circulating liquid are subjected to heat exchange, and the equilibrium temperature is set to be TBSample temperature value TeTo a temperature value TBHas an average heat capacity of CaThen, then
Ca·X·(TB-Te)＝CL·L·(T-TB)，
From this, it can be found that the heat quantity Q transferred from the sample to the circulating liquid at the temperature T is:
Q＝CL·L·(T-TB)
the amount of heat q transferred between the sample per unit mass and the circulating liquid per unit mass is,
determining the heat capacity of the sample and the circulating liquidBThe maximum mass ratio.
Preferably:
room temperature T, sample mass x, adiabatic temperature change Δ T, thermal circulating fluid mass l, heat capacity ClEquilibrium temperature of TBAnd the average heat capacity of the sample is Ca, the heat quantity which can be led out by unit mass when the phase is changed can be expressed as follows:
the invention has the technical effects that:
the invention is provided for the existing traditional compressed gas refrigerating system, and the maximum refrigerating temperature difference and the maximum refrigerating power which can be theoretically achieved by applying a room temperature magnetic refrigerator when a certain magnetic refrigerating material is used as a refrigerating working medium can be calculated.
The invention can semi-quantitatively determine the refrigerating capacity of the room temperature magnetic refrigerating material, and can calculate the refrigerating capacity which can be realized after the magnetic refrigerator has limited circulation, thereby providing effective quantization indexes for improving refrigeration and design for a room temperature magnetic refrigerator designer, and greatly improving the judgment of the refrigerating capacity of the magnetic refrigerating material.
The magnetic phase change is an adiabatic process taking a material as an object, namely adiabatic demagnetization or adiabatic magnetization of the material, and the parameter representing the relationship between adiabatic temperature change and temperature is represented; the heat exchange is an adiabatic process in which a material and a certain amount of heat exchange medium are targeted, and the two are balanced by heat exchange. And at different temperatures, the heat quantity transferred to the heat exchange liquid in unit volume or mass can be obtained when the magnetic phase of the magnetic refrigeration material in unit mass or volume is changed. In the invention, the heat transferred to the circulating liquid when the magnetic phase of the magnetic refrigeration material with unit mass or volume is changed is obtained by limiting the mass of the exchange liquid participating in heat exchange, so that the maximum refrigeration temperature difference and the maximum refrigeration power which can be theoretically reached by using a room-temperature magnetic refrigerator when a certain magnetic refrigeration material is used as a refrigeration working medium are obtained.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the construction of a heat exchange apparatus according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description sufficiently illustrates specific embodiments of the invention to enable those skilled in the art to practice and reproduce it.
Fig. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of the heat exchange device of the present invention.
The heat exchange device includes: a heat insulation shell 1, a circulating liquid 2, a sensor 3 and a sample 4; the heat insulation shell 1 is a closed container, the circulating liquid 2, the sensor 3 and the sample 4 are placed in the heat insulation shell 1, the sensor 3 is connected with a signal wire 31, and the signal wire 31 penetrates through the heat insulation shell 1 to be led out of the heat insulation shell so as to be connected with external equipment such as a display, a memory and the like.
The heat insulating case 1 includes: the heat insulation shell comprises a heat insulation shell body and an upper cover, wherein the upper cover is connected with the heat insulation shell body through a screw, and the upper cover can be further provided with a liquid filling opening. After the circulating liquid 2 and the sample 4 are placed in the heat insulation shell body, the heat insulation shell body is connected with the upper cover through screws; a sealant is provided at the contact position of the signal line 31 and the heat insulating case 1. An insulating pad may be disposed outside the heat insulating housing 1 to isolate the influence of the external environment on the temperature of the circulating liquid 2.
The component of the circulating liquid 2 is H2And O, adding an anticoagulant component, and removing bubbles formed during filling from the circulating liquid 2 so as not to influence heat exchange.
The sensor 3 adopts a thin film platinum resistor, the measuring range is 233K-673K, and the precision is +/-0.15K. The signal line 31 is made of a copper wire having good conductivity, the contact position between the signal line 31 and the heat insulating case 1 is sealed, and the signal line 31 is connected to a display.
The method for evaluating the refrigerating capacity of the room-temperature magnetic refrigerating material comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: the sensor 3 measures the temperature of the current circulating liquid 2, sends a first temperature value to an external memory and a display, and records the mass of the circulating liquid 2 and the sample 4 in the heat exchange device;
the temperature of the circulating liquid 2 is ambient temperature T (K), the mass of a sample 4 (as a room-temperature magnetic refrigeration material) is X (g), the mass of the circulating liquid 2 is L (g), and the specific heat capacity of the circulating liquid 2 is CL(J/kg·K)。
Step 2: changing the magnetic field environment of the heat exchange device, changing the temperature of the sample 4 in the heat insulation shell 1 under the magnetocaloric effect, changing the temperature of the circulating liquid 2 by the sample 4, measuring the temperature of the circulating liquid 2 after the temperature is changed by the sensor 3, and sending a second temperature value to an external memory and a display;
(1) and placing the heat exchange device in an environment with a magnetic field applied (adiabatic magnetization), wherein under the magnetocaloric effect, the temperature of the sample 4 in the heat-insulating shell 1 is increased, the sample 4 heats the circulating liquid 2, and the temperature of the circulating liquid 2 is increased.
(2) And taking out the heat exchange device from the magnetic field environment (adiabatic demagnetization), wherein the temperature of the sample 4 in the heat insulation shell 1 is reduced under the magnetocaloric effect, the sample 4 cools the circulating liquid 2, and the temperature of the circulating liquid 2 is reduced.
And step 3: and obtaining the relation between the adiabatic temperature change and the temperature of the sample 4 according to the first temperature value and the second temperature value, obtaining the heat q transferred between the unit mass sample 4 and the unit mass circulating liquid 2 at the maximum equilibrium temperature by the mass of the sample 4 and the specific heat capacity of the circulating liquid 2, and determining the refrigerating capacity of the sample 4 in the room temperature magnetic refrigeration according to the heat q.
The heat exchange is an adiabatic process in which the sample 4 and a certain amount of the circulating liquid 2 (heat exchange medium) are subjected to heat exchange, and the two processes are balanced by the heat exchange. At different temperatures, the heat which can be transferred to the circulating liquid 2 in unit volume or mass when the magnetic phase of the sample 4 (magnetic refrigeration material) in unit mass or volume is changed. The heat which can be transferred to the circulating liquid 2 during the magnetic phase change of the magnetic refrigeration material per unit mass or volume is obtained by limiting the mass of the circulating liquid 2 participating in heat exchange.
Te＝T-ΔT (1)
Ca·X·(TB-Te)＝CL·L·(T-TB) (2)
from equation (1) and equation (2), one can find:
from this, it was found that the amount of heat Q transferred from the sample 4 to the circulating liquid 2 at the temperature T was,
Q＝CL·L·(T-TB) (4)
the amount of heat q transferred between the unit mass sample 4 and the unit mass circulating liquid 2 is,
given the heat capacities of the sample 4 and the circulating liquid 2, the heat capacity T can be determinedBThe maximum mass ratio.
Since the ultimate refrigeration capacity of sample 4 is sought, the maximum value T is usedBmaxCalculated qmaxCan be used as a parameter for comparison between different materials.
Whereby the formula (5) can be rewritten as,
further, let room temperature T, sample mass x, adiabatic temperature change Δ T at a certain temperature, thermal cycle fluid mass l, heat capacity ClAssuming an equilibrium temperature of TBAnd T-TBTo TBThe average heat capacity of the intermediate sample is Ca, the heat which can be led out when the phase change is carried out by the unit mass can be expressed as,
the invention can semi-quantitatively determine the refrigerating capacity of the room temperature magnetic refrigerating material, and can calculate the refrigerating capacity which can be realized after the magnetic refrigerator has limited circulation, thereby providing effective quantization indexes for improving refrigeration and design for a room temperature magnetic refrigerator designer, and greatly improving the judgment of the refrigerating capacity of the magnetic refrigerating material.
The terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and illustration, rather than of limitation. As the present invention may be embodied in several forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof, it should also be understood that the above-described embodiments are not limited by any of the details of the foregoing description, but rather should be construed broadly within its spirit and scope as defined in the appended claims, and therefore all changes and modifications that fall within the meets and bounds of the claims, or equivalences of such meets and bounds are therefore intended to be embraced by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A heat exchange apparatus, comprising: the device comprises a heat insulation shell, circulating liquid, a sensor and a sample; the heat insulation shell is a closed container, the circulating liquid, the sensor and the sample are placed in the heat insulation shell, the sensor is connected with a signal wire, the signal wire penetrates through the heat insulation shell and is led out of the heat insulation shell, and the sample is made of a magnetic material with magnetic refrigeration capacity.
2. The heat exchange apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the circulating liquid is composed of H2O, anticoagulant is added; the sensor adopts a thin film platinum resistor, the measuring range is 233K-673K, and the precision is +/-0.15K; the signal line adopts the copper line, and the signal line is connected with display and memory.
3. The heat exchange apparatus of claim 1, wherein the insulated housing comprises: the heat insulation shell comprises a heat insulation shell body and an upper cover, wherein the upper cover is connected with the heat insulation shell body through a screw, and the upper cover is provided with a liquid filling opening.
4. The heat exchange device of claim 1, wherein the signal line and the insulating shell are provided with a sealant at their contact positions.
5. The heat exchange unit of claim 1, wherein an insulating mat is provided outside the heat insulating housing.
6. A method for evaluating the refrigerating capacity of a room-temperature magnetic refrigerating material comprises the following steps:
the sensor measures the temperature of the current circulating liquid, sends a first temperature value to an external memory and a display, and records the quality of the circulating liquid and the sample in the heat exchange device;
changing the magnetic field environment of the heat exchange device, changing the temperature of the sample in the heat insulation shell under the magnetocaloric effect, changing the temperature of the circulating liquid by the sample, measuring the temperature of the circulating liquid after the temperature is changed by the sensor, and sending a second temperature value to the external memory and the display;
and obtaining the relation between the adiabatic temperature change and the temperature of the sample, the mass of the sample and the specific heat capacity of the circulating liquid according to the first temperature value and the second temperature value to obtain the heat q transferred between the sample with unit mass and the circulating liquid with unit mass at the maximum equilibrium temperature, and determining the refrigerating capacity of the sample in the room temperature magnetic refrigeration according to the heat q.
7. The method for evaluating a refrigerating capacity of a room temperature magnetic refrigerating material according to claim 6, wherein the heat exchanging means is placed in an environment where a magnetic field is applied, and the temperature of the sample in the heat insulating case is increased by a magnetocaloric effect, the sample heats the circulating liquid, and the temperature of the circulating liquid is increased.
8. A method for evaluating a refrigerating capacity of a room temperature magnetic refrigerating material as recited in claim 6, wherein the heat exchanging means is taken out from the magnetic field environment, and the temperature of the sample in the heat insulating case is lowered, the sample cools the circulating liquid, and the temperature of the circulating liquid is lowered under the magnetocaloric effect.
9. The method for evaluating the refrigerating capacity of a room temperature magnetic refrigerating material according to claim 6, wherein:
the temperature of the current circulating liquid is ambient temperature T, the mass of the sample as a room-temperature magnetic refrigeration material is X, the mass of the circulating liquid is L, and the specific heat capacity of the circulating liquid is CL(ii) a Magnetic field strength H of sample1Adiabatic demagnetization is 0, when the environment temperature is T, the adiabatic temperature of the sample is changed into delta T, and the temperature TeComprises the following steps: t ise＝T-ΔT；
The sample and the circulating liquid are subjected to heat exchange, and the equilibrium temperature is set to be TBSample temperature value TeTo a temperature value TBHas an average heat capacity of CaThen, then
Ca·X·(TB-Te)＝CL·L·(T-TB)，
From this, it can be found that the heat quantity Q transferred from the sample to the circulating liquid at the temperature T is:
Q＝CL·L·(T-TB)
the amount of heat q transferred between the sample per unit mass and the circulating liquid per unit mass is,
determining the heat capacity of the sample and the circulating liquidBThe maximum mass ratio.
10. The method for evaluating the refrigerating ability of a room temperature magnetic refrigerating material according to claim 9, wherein the room temperature T, the sample mass x, the adiabatic temperature change Δ T, the thermal circulating fluid mass l, and the heat capacity C are set tolEquilibrium temperature of TBAnd the average heat capacity of the sample is Ca, the heat quantity which can be led out by unit mass when the phase is changed can be expressed as follows:
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