CN112626389A - 4XXX series aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The application relates to a 4XXX series aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof. The 4XXX series aluminum alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 11.0% -13.0% silicon; 3.3% -4.0% of copper; 0.2% -0.4% manganese; 0.5-0.7% magnesium; 0.02% -0.15% titanium; 1.5% -2.5% of nickel; 0.02% -0.03% strontium; less than or equal to 0.5% iron; less than or equal to 0.01% calcium; less than or equal to 0.002% phosphorus; the balance being aluminum. The preparation method of the 4XXX series aluminum alloy comprises the following steps: weighing raw materials; smelting the raw materials until the raw materials are completely melted, and then refining the melted raw materials; standing the refined raw material, and performing online degassing and two-stage filtration on the raw material after standing; casting the raw material by adopting a hot-top horizontal casting process to form a bar stock; homogenizing the bar stock and cooling. By optimizing the components of the 4XXX series aluminum alloy, the method improves the capability of the alloy to precipitate a strengthening phase, thereby improving the strength of the product.

Description

4XXX series aluminum alloy and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The application relates to an aluminum alloy, in particular to a 4XXX series aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The 4XXX series aluminum alloy is an aluminum alloy taking silicon as a main alloy element, and the series alloy is mainly used for manufacturing aluminum alloy forgings because the series alloy has high silicon content, low melting point, good melt fluidity and easy feeding and does not cause brittleness of final products.

In the course of implementing the present application, the applicant has found that the prior art has at least the following problems:

the 4XXX series aluminum alloy in the prior art has lower tensile strength and cannot meet the requirements of the prior art, so that a 4XXX series aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof are urgently needed to prepare an aluminum alloy with higher tensile strength.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems in the prior art, embodiments of the present application provide a 4XXX series aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof. The specific technical scheme is as follows:

in a first aspect, a 4XXX series aluminum alloy is provided, the 4XXX series aluminum alloy including the following compositions in percentage by mass: 11.0% -13.0% silicon; 3.3% -4.0% of copper; 0.2% -0.4% manganese; 0.5-0.7% magnesium; 0.02% -0.15% titanium; 1.5% -2.5% of nickel; 0.02% -0.03% strontium; less than or equal to 0.5% iron; less than or equal to 0.01% calcium; less than or equal to 0.002% phosphorus; the balance being aluminum.

In a first possible implementation form of the first aspect, the 4 XXX-series aluminum alloy further includes, in mass percent, less than or equal to 0.05% of other elements.

In a second aspect, there is provided a method of making a 4XXX series aluminum alloy, comprising the steps of: weighing the 4XXX series aluminum alloy of any of the above first aspects; smelting the raw materials until the raw materials are completely melted, and then refining the melted raw materials; standing the refined raw material, and performing online degassing and two-stage filtration on the raw material after standing; casting the raw material by adopting a hot-top horizontal casting process to form a bar stock; homogenizing the bar stock and cooling.

In a first possible implementation manner of the second aspect, the smelting temperature of the smelting raw material is 720-770 ℃.

In a second possible implementation manner of the second aspect, the refining temperature of the refining raw material is 720-740 ℃, and the refining time is 20-40 min.

In a third possible implementation of the second aspect, the time for standing the raw material is 15 to 30 min.

In a fourth possible implementation manner of the second aspect, the casting speed of the casting raw material is 70-85mm/min, and the cooling water flow rate is 4000-.

In a fifth possible implementation manner of the second aspect, the casting of the raw material further comprises the following steps: preheating equipment used in the casting process, and baking the launder, the degassing tank, the filter box and the die plate.

In a sixth possible implementation manner of the second aspect, the heating temperature of the homogenization treatment bar is 470-490 ℃, and the holding time is 3 h.

In a seventh possible implementation form of the second aspect, the method of cooling the bar stock is air cooling.

Compared with the prior art, the application has the advantages that:

according to the 4XXX series aluminum alloy and the preparation method thereof, the composition and homogenization process of the 4XXX series aluminum alloy are optimized, and parameters such as blank preheating and product cooling in the extrusion process are optimized, so that the capability of precipitating a strengthening phase from the alloy is improved, and the strength of the product is improved. Simultaneously this application still preheats the used equipment of casting through before the casting, toasts chute, deaerating tank, rose box, die disc etc. reduces temperature loss, has optimized the casting condition.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the application and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiment(s) of the application and together with the description serve to explain the application and not to limit the application. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart illustrating the steps of a method of making a 4XXX aluminum alloy according to an embodiment of the present application.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present application.

In an embodiment of the application, raw materials are weighed according to the mass percentage of a 4XXX aluminum alloy, and the raw materials comprise, by mass, 11.0% -13.0% of silicon (Si), 3.3% -4.0% of copper (Cu), 0.2% -0.4% of manganese (Mn), 0.5% -0.7% of magnesium (Mg), 0.02% -0.15% of titanium (Ti), 1.5% -2.5% of nickel (Ni), 0.02% -0.03% of strontium (Sr), less than or equal to 0.5% of iron (Fe), less than or equal to 0.01% of calcium (Ca), less than or equal to 0.002% of phosphorus (P), and the balance of aluminum (Al). Preferably, the mass percentage of the other elements is less than or equal to 0.05%.

Please refer to fig. 1, which shows a schematic flow chart of the steps of a method for preparing a 4XXX aluminum alloy according to an embodiment of the present application. Preparation method 1 for preparing 4XXX aluminum alloy from the above-weighed raw materials, the preparation method of 4XXX aluminum alloy comprises the following steps 101 to 104, wherein:

step 101, melting and refining raw materials. Adding the raw materials into a smelting furnace, executing a smelting process, setting the smelting temperature of the smelting furnace to be 720-770 ℃, smelting the raw materials until the raw materials are completely melted to form aluminum liquid, wherein the smelting temperature can be specifically set to be 720 ℃, 740 ℃ or 760 ℃, but not limited thereto. And then, executing a refining program, setting the refining temperature to be 720-.

Step 102, online degassing and dual-stage filtering of the feedstock. Standing the refined raw material for 15-30min, specifically 15min, 20min, 25min or 30min, and after standing, performing online degassing and two-stage filtration on the raw material, wherein the online degassing and two-stage filtration mode is a conventional technical means of a person skilled in the art, and is not described herein again.

And 103, casting and forming a bar stock. Preheating equipment used in the casting process, baking a runner, a degassing tank, a filter box and a die disc, then adopting a hot-top horizontal casting process, casting the raw materials into a die at a casting speed of 70-85mm/min, specifically at 70mm/min, 80mm/min or 85mm/min, setting cooling water flow at 4000 plus 5000L/min, specifically at 4000L/min, 4500L/min or 5000L/min, and forming a bar after the raw materials are cooled and solidified.

And step 104, homogenizing the bar stock. The method comprises the following steps of carrying out homogenization treatment on the bar stock, setting the homogenization treatment temperature to be 470-490 ℃, specifically 470 ℃, 480 ℃ or 490 ℃, keeping the temperature for 3 hours, discharging the bar stock after the heat preservation is finished, and naturally cooling, so that the metallurgical quality and the extrusion performance of the bar stock can be improved.

In the preparation method 1 of the 4XXX aluminum alloy of the embodiment, the equipment used for casting is preheated before casting and the launder, the degassing tank, the filter box, the die disc and the like are baked, so that the temperature loss is reduced, the casting conditions are optimized, and meanwhile, the alloy precipitation strengthening phase capacity is improved by optimizing the components, the homogenization process, the blank preheating in the extrusion process, the product cooling and other parameters, so that the tensile strength of the product is improved.

The beneficial effects of the 4XXX series aluminum alloys of the present application and methods for making the same are further described below in conjunction with specific examples and comparative examples.

Example 1

1. Weighing raw materials according to the mass percent of 4XXX aluminum alloy, wherein the raw materials comprise, by mass, 12.2% of Si, 3.52% of Cu, 0.25% of Mn, 0.62% of Mg, 0.06% of Ti, 1.87% of Ni, 0.023% of Sr, 0.139% of Fe, 0.0086% of Ca, 0.0002% of P and the balance of Al;

2. adding the weighed raw materials into a smelting furnace, and smelting and refining at 760 +/-5 ℃ to obtain an aluminum alloy melt;

3. electrically heating and baking the flow groove, the degassing box and the filter box mold disc, wherein the electric heating temperature is set to 850 ℃, when the temperature is baked to 740-;

4. performing a homogenization procedure, wherein the heating temperature is 470-;

5. the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy solid round ingot is 461 MPa.

Example 2

1. Weighing raw materials according to the mass percent of 4XXX aluminum alloy, wherein the raw materials comprise, by mass, 11.8% of Si, 3.61% of Cu, 0.23% of Mn, 0.58% of Mg, 0.044% of Ti, 1.86% of Ni, 0.022% of Sr, 0.172% of Fe, 0.0062% of Ca, 0.0002% of P and the balance of Al;

2. adding the weighed raw materials into a smelting furnace, and smelting and refining at 760 +/-5 ℃ to obtain an aluminum alloy melt;

3. electrically heating and baking the flow groove, the degassing box and the filter box mold disc, wherein the electric heating temperature is set to 850 ℃, when the temperature is baked to 740-;

4. performing a homogenization procedure, wherein the heating temperature is 470-;

5. the hardness of the aluminum alloy solid round ingot is tested to be 452 MPa.

Comparative example

1. Selecting a commonly used 4-series aluminum alloy meeting the national standard in the prior art, specifically selecting a 4032 aluminum alloy, weighing raw materials according to the mass percent of the 4032 aluminum alloy, wherein the raw materials comprise 12.6 percent of Si, 0.78 percent of Cu, 0.01 percent of Mn, 1.12 percent of Mg, 0.03 percent of Ti, 0.6 percent of Ni, 0.003 percent of Sr, 0.21 percent of Fe, 0.005 percent of Ca, 0.0002 percent of P and the balance of Al;

2. adding the weighed raw materials into a smelting furnace, and smelting and refining at 760 +/-5 ℃ to obtain an aluminum alloy melt;

3. electrically heating and baking the flow groove, the degassing box and the filter box mold disc, wherein the electric heating temperature is set to 850 ℃, when the temperature is baked to 740-;

4. performing a homogenization procedure, wherein the heating temperature is 470-;

5. the tensile strength of the aluminum alloy solid round ingot is 380 MPa.

As is clear from the comparison of the tensile strength data of examples 1 and 2 with the tensile strength data of the comparative example, the tensile strength of the 4XXX aluminum alloy of the present application after casting can reach about 460MPa, and under the same conditions, the tensile strength is much higher than that (380MPa) of other 4 series aluminum alloys.

In summary, the application provides a 4XXX series aluminum alloy and a preparation method thereof, and the composition and homogenization process of the 4XXX series aluminum alloy, and parameters such as blank preheating and product cooling in the extrusion process are optimized, so that the capability of the alloy for precipitating a strengthening phase is improved, and the strength of the product is improved. Simultaneously this application still preheats the used equipment of casting through before the casting, toasts chute, deaerating tank, rose box, die disc etc. reduces temperature loss, has optimized the casting condition.

The foregoing description shows and describes several preferred embodiments of the present application, but as aforementioned, it is to be understood that the application is not limited to the forms disclosed herein, but is not to be construed as excluding other embodiments and is capable of use in various other combinations, modifications, and environments and is capable of changes within the scope of the application as described herein, commensurate with the above teachings, or the skill or knowledge of the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the application, which is to be protected by the claims appended hereto.

Claims (10)

1. A4 XXX series aluminium alloy, characterized in that, the 4XXX series aluminium alloy comprises the following components by mass percent:

11.0% -13.0% silicon;

3.3% -4.0% of copper;

0.2% -0.4% manganese;

0.5-0.7% magnesium;

0.02% -0.15% titanium;

1.5% -2.5% of nickel;

0.02% -0.03% strontium;

less than or equal to 0.5% iron;

less than or equal to 0.01% calcium;

less than or equal to 0.002% phosphorus;

the balance being aluminum.

2. The 4XXX series aluminum alloy of claim 1, wherein the 4XXX series aluminum alloy further includes, in the range of from 0.05% by weight or less, other elements.

3. A method for preparing a 4XXX series aluminum alloy, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:

weighing the 4XXX series aluminum alloy of any of claims 1-2;

smelting the raw materials until the raw materials are completely molten, and then refining the molten raw materials;

standing the refined raw material, and performing online degassing and two-stage filtration on the raw material after standing;

casting the raw material by adopting a hot-top horizontal casting process to form a bar stock;

and homogenizing the bar stock and cooling.

4. The method of claim 3, wherein the melting temperature of the feedstock is 720-770 ℃.

5. The method of claim 3, wherein the refining temperature for refining the feedstock is 720-740 ℃ and the refining time is 20-40 min.

6. The method of claim 3, wherein the time for allowing the starting material to stand is 15-30 min.

7. The method of claim 3, wherein the casting speed of the raw material is 70-85mm/min, and the cooling water flow rate is 4000-5000L/min.

8. The method of claim 3, further comprising the step of, prior to casting the feedstock, forming a 4XXX series aluminum alloy by: preheating equipment used in the casting process, and baking the launder, the degassing tank, the filter box and the die plate.

9. The method of claim 3, wherein the bar is homogenized at 470-490 ℃ for 3 hours.

10. The method of claim 3, wherein the bar is cooled by air cooling.

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